Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity is sustained early during human cytomegalovirus infection. | expression of many early viral genes during human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is dependent on cellular transcription factors. several immediate-early and early viral promoters contain dna binding sites for cellular factors such as creb, ap-1, serum response factor, and elk-1, and these transcription factors can be activated by phosphorylation via the cellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signal transduction cascade. to determine if the extracellular signal-regulated mapks, erk1 a ... | 1998 | 9765464 |
| use of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) antigenemia assay for diagnosis and monitoring of hcmv infections and detection of antiviral drug resistance in the immunocompromised. | quantification of viral load in blood has proven to be helpful in the follow-up of disseminated hcmv infections in immunocompromised patients. | 1998 | 9784143 |
| discordant detection of human cytomegalovirus dna from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, granulocytes and plasma: correlation to viremia and hcmv infection. | there exist only few data about the hcmv infection of single positive leukocyte subtypes in immunosuppressed patients. most reports describe hcmv coinfection of cells of the myelomonocytic line or even t- and b-cell populations. correlation of positive pcr findings from two major leukocyte fractions and plasma to viremia and hcmv infection in general should contribute to select suitable sources of hcmv dna for diagnostic purposes. | 1998 | 9785214 |
| gene delivery to the neurulating embryo during culture. | modulating expression of specific genes during embryogenesis will help elucidate their role in development. transient overexpression of specific genes can be accomplished by adding additional copies, or else antisense transcripts can be used to block expression. manipulation of gene expression requires an efficient, nontoxic gene delivery system. we compared a plasmid and a replication-defective adenovirus (ad5) as methods of delivering genes to the embryo during the neurulation stage of develop ... | 1998 | 9802190 |
| na+-k+-cl- cotransport in human fibroblasts is inhibited by cytomegalovirus infection. | we examined the effects of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection on the na+-k+-cl- cotransporter (nkcc) in a human fibroblast cell line. using the cl--sensitive dye mqae, we showed that the mock-infected mrc-5 cells express a functional nkcc. 1) intracellular cl- concentration ([cl-]i) was significantly reduced from 53.4 +/- 3.4 mm to 35.1 +/- 3.6 mm following bumetanide treatment. 2) net cl- efflux caused by replacement of external cl- with gluconate was bumetanide sensitive. 3) in cl--deplete ... | 1998 | 9814982 |
| cellular gene expression altered by human cytomegalovirus: global monitoring with oligonucleotide arrays. | mechanistic insights to viral replication and pathogenesis generally have come from the analysis of viral gene products, either by studying their biochemical activities and interactions individually or by creating mutant viruses and analyzing their phenotype. now it is possible to identify and catalog the host cell genes whose mrna levels change in response to a pathogen. we have used dna array technology to monitor the level of approximately 6,600 human mrnas in uninfected as compared with huma ... | 1998 | 9826724 |
| differentiation between acute primary and recurrent human cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy, using a microneutralization assay. | acute primary human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection in pregnancy, the major cause of congenital symptomatic infection, is often difficult to differentiate from recurrent infection, which presents a considerably smaller risk to the fetus. therefore, the diagnosis of primary infection in pregnancy is very important, especially if seroconversion is not documented and follow-up sera with declining igm-titers are not available. to investigate the value of the neutralizing antibody response against h ... | 1998 | 9829641 |
| quanolirones i and ii, two new human cytomegalovirus protease inhibitors produced by streptomyces sp. wc76535. | two new naphthacenequinone glycosides, quanolirones i (1) and ii (2) were isolated, together with the known compound galtamycin from the fermentation broth of streptomyces sp. wc76535. the structures 1 and 2 were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data and by comparison of their data to those of galtamycin. compounds 1, 2, and galtamycin showed inhibitory activity against hcmv protease with ic50 values of 14, 35, and 52 microm, respectively. | 1998 | 9834156 |
| human cytomegalovirus inhibits transcription of the cc chemokine mcp-1 gene. | in primary human diploid fibroblasts, infection with an unpurified stock of human cytomegalovirus induced accumulation of the cc chemokine mcp-1 in the cell culture medium. by 24 h postinfection, the level of mcp-1 returned to that in uninfected cultures. when cells were infected with uv-inactivated human cytomegalovirus, the induction of mcp-1 was still observed, but no reduction was seen by 24 h postinfection or later. this effect was the result of a decrease in the level of mcp-1 mrna present ... | 1999 | 9847345 |
| focal transcriptional activity of murine cytomegalovirus during latency in the lungs. | interstitial pneumonia is a frequent and critical manifestation of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease in immunocompromised patients, in particular in recipients of bone marrow transplantation. previous work in the murine cmv infection model has identified the lungs as a major organ site of cmv latency and recurrence. it was open to question whether the viral genome is transcriptionally silent or active during latency. transcription could be latency associated and thus be part of the latency phe ... | 1999 | 9847354 |
| genetic analysis of a ganciclovir-resistant human cytomegalovirus mutant. | we isolated a ganciclovir (gcv)-resistant human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) from a laboratory strain, ad169, and analysed the mutant. attempts were also made to identify directly the mutated gene. the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of gcv for the mutant strain was five times higher than that of the wild-type strain. the mutant strain showed similar sensitivity to phosphonoacetic acid and cidofovir as the wild-type strain. these data suggest mutation in the ul97 gene encoding for the phosphotrans ... | 1998 | 9864050 |
| thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines. part ii. synthesis and anti-human cytomegalovirus activity in vitro of certain acyclonucleosides and acyclonucleotides derived from the guanine analogue 5-aminothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,7(3h,6h)-dione. | the synthesis and in vitro antiviral activity of certain hydroxyalkoxymethyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl and phosphonoalkenyl derivatives of the guanine congener 5-aminothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,7(3h,6h)-dione are reported. the compounds of this study were selected for their structural similarity to acyclonucleosides with known anti-herpesvirus activity. 5-amino-3-[(z)-4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2, 7(3h,6h)- dione was the only member of the series to display significant ... | 1998 | 9875377 |
| 3-hydroxyphthaloyl beta-lactoglobulin. iii. antiviral activity against herpesviruses. | the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and herpesvirus infections, has continued unabated despite educational efforts spearheaded as a response to the hiv-1 epidemic. this suggests the need for prophylactic measures, including the application of topical antiviral agents. chemical modification of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg), the major protein of whey, by hydroxyphthalic anhydride (3hp) led to the generation of a potent hiv-1 inhi ... | 1998 | 9875389 |
| investigation of the covalent modification of the catalytic triad of human cytomegalovirus protease by pseudo-reversible beta-lactam inhibitors and a peptide chloromethylketone. | an investigation into the interaction between human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) protease and several beta-lactams, with characterization of the resulting acylenzymes using mass spectrometry, is reported. the time dependence of the inhibitors is highlighted by making comparisons of values obtained for inhibition and acylation. analysis of inactivated hcmv protease revealed a beta-lactam: protease stoichiometry of 1. subsequent enzymatic digestion with trypsin, peptide mapping using liquid chromatograp ... | 1998 | 9875526 |
| strong conservation of the constitutive activity of the ie1/2 transcriptional control region in wild-type strains of human cytomegalovirus. | the ie1/2 transcriptional control region of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) drives the expression of the hcmv major immediate-early genes (ul123-122), which encode proteins crucial for initiation of the virus replicative cycle. nucleotide sequence polymorphism in this region of the viral genome could account for variations in the replication of hcmv wild-type strains. in order to test this hypothesis, the constitutive transcription-enhancing activity of the ie1/2 transcriptional control region deri ... | 1998 | 9880020 |
| qualitative and quantitative detection of cytomegalovirus dna in sera by pcr as a clinical marker. | the amount of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) dna in sera is considered to be a direct marker for cmv infection. we established conditions for nested pcr that detected one copy of cmv dna, and for competitive pcr, which detected five or more copies of cmv dna quantitatively. we tested 50 microl each of 16 freeze-stored and 5 fresh sera from patients, for cmv dna. in sera obtained from the same patient at different time points, small amounts of cmv dna were detected before the onset of cmv pneumonia. ... | 1998 | 9881658 |
| polo-like kinase 1 as a target for human cytomegalovirus pp65 lower matrix protein. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) pp65 protein is the major constituent of viral dense bodies but is dispensable for viral growth in vitro. pp65 copurifies with a s/t kinase activity and has been implicated in phosphorylation of hcmv ie1 immediate-early protein and its escape from major histocompatibility complex 1 presentation. furthermore, the presence of pp65 correlates with a virion-associated kinase activity. to clarify the role of pp65, yeast two-hybrid system (ths) screening was performed to i ... | 1999 | 9882353 |
| rna polymerase ii localizes at sites of human cytomegalovirus immediate-early rna synthesis and processing. | pre-mrna synthesis in eukaryotic cells is preceded by the formation of a transcription initiation complex and binding of unphosphorylated rna polymerase ii (pol ii) at the promoter region of a gene. transcription initiation and elongation are accompanied by the hyperphosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain (ctd) of pol ii large subunit. recent biochemical studies provided evidence that rna processing factors, including those required for splicing, associate with hyperphosphorylated ctds fo ... | 1999 | 9889260 |
| detection of serum antibodies against cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus and human herpesvirus 6 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. | there has recently been renewed interest in the possible role of viruses in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ras). in this study, sera from 22 patients with ras, 24 patients with oral lichen planus (olp) and 15 healthy controls were screened for igg and igm class antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), varicella zoster virus (vzv) and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). commercially available elisa and immunofluorescence kits were employed. there were no significant differences in the prevalence of i ... | 1999 | 9890451 |
| transfusion of the hiv-seropositive patient: immunomodulation, viral reactivation, and limiting exposure to ebv (hhv-4), cmv (hhv-5), and hhv-6, 7, and 8. | 1999 | 9924760 | |
| prokaryotic expression of human cytomegalovirus pus22 and its reactivity with human antibody. | this work demonstrates that antibodies to the product of the recombinant pus22 of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) are present in human sera during natural infection. us22 gene product has been identified as a member of the us22 family which may be secreted from infected cells. it is an early protein of 593 amino acids, 76 kd in molecular weight. us22 seems to be an antigen which stimulates a good igg response. in fact specific iggs were found in approximately 40% of the cmv positive sera irrespecti ... | 1998 | 9930196 |
| structure of the human cytomegalovirus b capsid by electron cryomicroscopy and image reconstruction. | the three-dimensional structure of b capsids of the beta-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) was investigated at a resolution of 3.5 nm from electron cryomicrographs by image processing and compared with the structure obtained for the alpha-herpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the main architectural features of the hsv-1 and hcmv capsids are similar: the t = 16 icosahedral lattice consists of 162 capsomers, composed of two distinct morphological units, 12 pentamers and 150 hexam ... | 1998 | 9931275 |
| structure of adeno-associated virus vector dna following transduction of the skeletal muscle. | the skeletal muscle provides a very permissive physiological environment for adeno-associated virus (aav) type 2-mediated gene transfer. we have studied the early steps leading to the establishment of permanent transgene expression, after injection of recombinant aav (raav) particles in the quadriceps muscle of mice. the animals received an raav encoding a secreted protein, murine erythropoietin (mepo), under the control of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter and were sacrif ... | 1999 | 9971774 |
| regulated expression of a sindbis virus replicon by herpesvirus promoters. | we describe the use of herpesvirus promoters to regulate the expression of a sindbis virus replicon (sinrep/lacz). we isolated cell lines that contain the cdna of sinrep/lacz under the control of a promoter from a herpesvirus early gene which requires regulatory proteins encoded by immediate-early genes for expression. wild-type sindbis virus and replicons derived from this virus cause death of most vertebrate cells, but the cells discussed here grew normally and expressed the replicon and beta- ... | 1999 | 9971780 |
| human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) infection in multiple sclerosis: a preliminary report. | we examined cerebral spinal fluid (csf) from multiple sclerosis (ms) patients and patients with other neurological diseases (ond) for antibody specific for human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) and for hhv-6 dna detectable by pcr. csf from ms patients had a higher frequency of igg antibody to hhv-6 late antigens (39.4%) compared with csf from ond (7.4%). in contrast, the frequency of detectable igg antibody in csf from ms patients specific for epstein-barr virus (ebv) (12.1%) and human cytomegalovirus (hc ... | 1998 | 9987758 |
| is there a risk of cytomegalovirus transmission during in vitro fertilization with donated oocytes? | to define the risk of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) transmission from donated oocytes. | 1999 | 9988402 |
| epitope mapping of mouse monoclonal antibodies to the ppul83 lower matrix phosphoprotein of human cytomegalovirus. | of nine mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the lower matrix protein (pp65; ppul83) of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), all immunoprecipitated the 65-kda protein. only five were reactive by western blotting, however, and four of these mapped to linear antigenic epitopes located between amino acids 184-195 (mab c6), 343-357 (mab c11), 448-462 (mab c5), and 448-459 (mab c13). the epitope specificity of the fifth antibody (mab c3) and the four that recognised nonlinear sites could not ... | 1999 | 10022802 |
| the leukocyte ig-like receptor (lir)-1 for the cytomegalovirus ul18 protein displays a broad specificity for different hla class i alleles: analysis of lir-1 + nk cell clones. | leukocyte ig-like receptor (lir)-1 is a member of the ig superfamily which has been shown to bind the human cytomegalovirus mhc class i homologue ul-18 protein. in this study, we have analyzed the expression and function of lir-1 in human nk cells. we show that lir-1 is expressed by a subset of nk cells variable in size among different donors. when compared to the known hla class i-specific nk receptors, the expression of lir-1 was found to be partially overlapped with that of cd94-nkg2a or with ... | 1999 | 10050671 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection in foci of langerhans cell histiocytosis. | langerhans cell histiocytosis (lch) has been thought to be a disorder of immune regulation, and increasingly, evidence showing that the tissue damage in lch involves lymphokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines is reported. we detected human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-dna in lch cells in the foci of lch lesions by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and pcr. hcmv was detected in the nuclei and/or cytoplasm of lch cells in 9 of 27 lch cases by immunostaining. hcmv was probably an early antigen. ... | 1999 | 10071244 |
| fractions of chemically oversulphated galactosaminoglycan sulphates inhibit three enveloped viruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus. | a series of chemically oversulphated galactosaminoglycans (so3h:cooh ratio > or = 2) were tested in vitro as antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), the aetiological agent of aids, and against herpes simplex virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus, two agents responsible for opportunistic infections in hiv-infected people. the oversulphated derivatives displayed an increase in activity ranging from one to four orders of magnitude against the three viruses, as compare ... | 1999 | 10079877 |
| the immediate early gene products of human cytomegalovirus increase vascular smooth muscle cell migration, proliferation, and expression of pdgf beta-receptor. | evidence suggests that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis. because smooth muscle cell (smc) proliferation and migration are crucial events of both processes, and because pdgf beta-receptor modulates smc migration, we determined whether hcmv infection affects smc proliferation, migration, and pdgf beta-receptor expression. we employed a smc model in which hcmv infection leads to expression of only the immediate early (ie) hcmv g ... | 1999 | 10080946 |
| frequent enrichment for cd8 t cells reactive against common herpes viruses in chronic inflammatory lesions: towards a reassessment of the physiopathological significance of t cell clonal expansions found in autoimmune inflammatory processes. | we recently evidenced a dramatic enrichment for t cells reactive against epstein-barr virus (ebv) within inflamed joints of two rheumatoid arthritis patients. to assess the generality of this phenomenon and its relevance to autoimmunity, we studied the responses of cd8 t cells from patients with either acute or chronic inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis: n = 18, ankylosing spondylitis: n = 5, psoriatic arthritis: n = 4, reiter's syndrome: n = 3, arthrosis: n = 2, uveitis: n = 2, multipl ... | 1999 | 10092102 |
| allograft safety: viral inactivation with bone demineralization. | a study was performed to validate the effectiveness of a bone demineralization process with respect to its inactivation of viruses. the viruses selected for study included human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), duck hepatitis b virus (a model for human hepatitis b), bovine viral diarrheal virus (a model for human hepatitis c), human cytomegalovirus, and human poliovirus (a model for small nonenveloped viruses, e.g., hepatitis a). this study was performed in compliance with good laboratory practice ... | 1995 | 10163469 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. | for a number of years it has been well established that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) can be transmitted by the cellular components of blood. hcmv is also associated with a number of hematologic disorders. although hcmv was thought to be present in blood cells in a latent or persistent form, it was not known how the virus was maintained and which cells were the carriers of hcmv. in addition to peripheral blood cells, there has been clinical evidence that hcmv may be associated with specific disor ... | 1999 | 10194116 |
| inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by the k10-k42 peptide of gap31 is due to induction of rapid but nonspecific precipitation of viral and nonviral proteins. | the 33-amino acid peptide k10-k42 has previously been described as having potent anti-hiv-1 activity, and antiviral efficacy against hepatitis b and human cytomegalovirus in vitro. although the exact mechanism of antiviral activity was unknown, it was hypothesised that the k10-k42 peptide inhibited hiv-1 by interfering with one or more of the intracellular processes of reverse transcription, integration, and/or viral gene expression. we performed a series of experiments to identify and character ... | 1999 | 10195752 |
| expression and characterization of a novel structural protein of human cytomegalovirus, pul25. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul25 has recently been found to encode a new structural protein that is present in both virion and defective viral particles (c. j. baldick and t. shenk, j. virol. 70:6097-6105, 1996). in the present work a polyclonal antibody was raised against a prokaryotic pul25 fusion protein in order to investigate the biosynthesis and localization of the ul25 product (pul25) during hcmv replication in human fibroblasts. furthermore, pul25 was transiently expressed in its native ... | 1999 | 10196274 |
| novel potential agents for human cytomegalovirus infection: synthesis and antiviral activity evaluation of benzothiadiazine dioxide acyclonucleosides. | the first acyclonucleosides based on the benzothiadiazine dioxide system were synthesized following the silylation procedure. several acyclic moieties, including acetoxyethoxymethyl, benzyloxymethyl, and propargyloxymethyl groups, were introduced. two synthetic strategies were designed to selectively obtain the n-1 or n-3 derivatives. lipase-mediated deacylation was used for the deprotection of the acyclonucleosides. some of the benzothiadiazine dioxide acyclonucleosides, in particular 16, prove ... | 1999 | 10197958 |
| human cytomegalovirus binding to human monocytes induces immunoregulatory gene expression. | to continue our investigation of the cellular events that occur following human cmv (hcmv) infection, we focused on the regulation of cellular activation following viral binding to human monocytes. first, we showed that viral binding induced a number of immunoregulatory genes (il-1beta, a20, nf-kappab-p105/p50, and ikappabalpha) in unactivated monocytes and that neutralizing abs to the major hcmv glycoproteins, gb (ul55) and gh (ul75), inhibited the induction of these genes. next, we demonstrate ... | 1999 | 10202024 |
| engagement of the cellular receptor for glycoprotein b of human cytomegalovirus activates the interferon-responsive pathway. | cells respond to contact with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) virions by initiating intracellular signaling and gene expression characteristic of the interferon (ifn)-responsive pathway. herein, we demonstrate that a principal mechanism of hcmv-induced signal transduction is via an interaction of the primary viral ligand, glycoprotein b (gb), with its cellular receptor. cells incubated with a purified, soluble form of gb resulted in the transcriptional upregulation of ifn-responsive genes oas and i ... | 1999 | 10207084 |
| human cytomegalovirus replication and modulation of apoptosis in astrocytes. | to characterize replication patterns and cytopathic effects during human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection of brain cells. | 1999 | 10225211 |
| molecular characterization of the guinea-pig cytomegalovirus glycoprotein l gene. | although the guinea pig cytomegalovirus (gpcmv) model is well suited to the study of vaccines for prevention of congenital cmv infection, there has been limited molecular characterization of gpcmv glycoproteins. since the in vivo co-expression of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) glycoprotein h (gh, gpul75) with glycoprotein l (gl, gpul115) may have relevance to cmv vaccine studies, these experiments were undertaken to test whether the gpcmv encodes a gl homolog. sequencing of the ecor i "g" frag ... | 1999 | 10226612 |
| human cytomegalovirus inhibits ifn-alpha-stimulated antiviral and immunoregulatory responses by blocking multiple levels of ifn-alpha signal transduction. | the type i ifns represent a primordial, tightly regulated defense system against acute viral infection. ifn-alpha confers resistance to viral infection by activating a conserved signal transduction pathway that up-regulates direct antiviral effectors and induces immunomodulatory activities. given the critical role of ifn-alpha in anti-human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immunity and the profound ability of hcmv to escape the host immune response, we hypothesized that hcmv blocks ifn-alpha-stimulated re ... | 1999 | 10229853 |
| quantitative analysis of latent human cytomegalovirus. | cytomegalovirus latency depends on an interaction with hematopoietic cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood. the distribution of viral dna was investigated by pcr-driven in situ hybridization (pcr-ish), and the number of viral genomes per cell was estimated by quantitative competitive pcr during both experimental and natural latent infection. during experimental latent infection of cultured granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, the viral genome was detected in >90% of cells at a copy number of ... | 1999 | 10233941 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-[1,5-dialkyl-1h-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]thymines. | cycloaddition of the intermediates 2 with 1-(cyanomethyl)-thymine 3 furnished the 1,2,4-triazolium salts 4, which rearranged spontaneously to the protonated salts 5. hydrolysis of 5, in situ, afforded the title compounds 6. compounds 6a-c were screened against hiv-1 (iiib), hiv-2 (rod), and human cytomegalovirus (hmcv) and showed poor or no activity, respectively. | 1999 | 10327888 |
| stealth adaptation of an african green monkey simian cytomegalovirus. | dna extracted from cultures of a cytopathic virus isolated from a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome was cloned into pbluescript plasmid. the nucleotide sequences of the plasmid inserts were analyzed using the blastn and blastx programs of the national center for biotechnology information. in confirmation of earlier studies, many of the sequences show partial homology to various regions within the genome of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). the matching regions were unevenly distributed throughou ... | 1999 | 10331958 |
| inhibition of influenza a virus reproduction by a ribozyme targeted against pb1 mrna. | a ribozyme gene directed at a specific cleavage of mrna coding for pb1 protein, a component of rna-dependent rna-polymerase of influenza a virus, was constructed. the avian adenovirus celo virus-associated rna (va rna celo) promoter and human cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter were used for the permanent expression of the ribozyme in cell lines. the cells were infected with influenza a virus strains a/singapore/1/57 and a/wsn/33, and the suppression of the virus reproduction and virus-specific prote ... | 1999 | 10333142 |
| induction of neutralizing antibody against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) with dna-mediated immunization of hcmv glycoprotein b in mice. | immunization was accomplished by inoculating pcgb containing human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) glycoprotein b (gb) gene into balb/c mice intramuscularly. igm antibody was detected in all the immunized group. igg antibody was also found in all the tested mice with a mean peak antibody titer of 1:262 in three-times immunized groups. igg antibody appeared at 2 weeks postinoculation, raised peak levels at 7 weeks postinoculation and persisted over 6 months. neutralizing antibody was developed, and the pe ... | 1999 | 10338203 |
| early detection of human cytomegalovirus infection after kidney transplantation by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. | the early detection of human cytomegalovirus infection after organ transplantation is a prerequisite for effective antiviral therapy. we evaluated the diagnostic value of monitoring the viral immediate-early (ie) 1 mrna expression in blood leukocytes by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba). | 1999 | 10342321 |
| the transcriptional inhibitors, actinomycin d and alpha-amanitin, activate the hiv-1 promoter and favor phosphorylation of the rna polymerase ii c-terminal domain. | actinomycin d and alpha-amanitin are commonly used to inhibit transcription. unexpectedly, however, the transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) long terminal repeats (ltr) is shown to be activated at the level of elongation, in human and murine cells exposed to these drugs, whereas the rous sarcoma virus ltr, the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene (cmv), and the hsp70 promoters are repressed. activation of the hiv ltr is independent of the nfkappab and tar sequences and ... | 1999 | 10347161 |
| interstrain variation in the human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase sequence and its effect on genotypic diagnosis of antiviral drug resistance. adult aids clinical trials group cmv laboratories. | the polymerase (pol) coding sequence was determined for 40 independent clinical cytomegalovirus isolates sensitive to ganciclovir and foscarnet. sequence alignments showed >98% interstrain homology and amino acid variation in only 4% of the 1, 237 codons. almost all variation occurred outside of conserved functional domains where resistance mutations have been identified. | 1999 | 10348781 |
| domain mapping of the human cytomegalovirus ie1-72 and cellular p107 protein-protein interaction and the possible functional consequences. | our previous work demonstrated that following human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection of fibroblasts, there was a protein-protein interaction between the hcmv ie1-72 immediate-early (ie) protein and the cellular p107 protein which resulted in the alleviation of p107-mediated transcriptional repression of e2f-responsive promoters. in a further characterization of this interaction, we now show that ie1-72 binds to the n-terminal portion of p107, not the c-terminal 'pocket' region that binds e2f-4, ... | 1999 | 10355776 |
| stable production of a human growth hormone antagonist from cho cells adapted to serum-free suspension culture. | human growth hormone (hgh) is a polypeptide with 191 amino acids and a molecular mass of 22 kda. an hgh analogue was created with a single amino acid substitution (glycine[g] 120 to arginine[r]) in the third alpha-helix of the hgh molecule. this hgh analogue, named hghg120r, was found to be an hgh antagonist. it is a parenteral drug candidate for treating conditions in which hgh levels are abnormally high, as found in type i diabetics. previously, a genetically engineered anchorage-dependent mou ... | 1999 | 10356250 |
| dna microarrays of the complex human cytomegalovirus genome: profiling kinetic class with drug sensitivity of viral gene expression. | we describe, for the first time, the generation of a viral dna chip for simultaneous expression measurements of nearly all known open reading frames (orfs) in the largest member of the herpesvirus family, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). in this study, an hcmv chip was fabricated and used to characterize the temporal class of viral gene expression. the viral chip is composed of microarrays of viral dna prepared by robotic deposition of oligonucleotides on glass for orfs in the hcmv genome. viral ge ... | 1999 | 10364327 |
| variation within the glycoprotein b gene of human cytomegalovirus is due to homologous recombination. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) strains can be classified into different glycoprotein b (gb) genotypes. in a previous study, frequent intragenic variation of the gb gene was shown. the aim of this study was to analyse whether gb variation was due to homologous recombination. the gb gene of dna extracts derived from the peripheral blood leukocytes of 14 immunosuppressed patients was amplified by pcr and cloned. three variable sites of gb were analysed by restriction fragment analysis and dna sequenc ... | 1999 | 10374968 |
| apoptosis induced by human cytomegalovirus infection can be enhanced by cytokines to limit the spread of virus. | fas-mediated apoptosis is one of the immune effector pathways leading to the elimination of virus infected cells. in vivo, apoptotic signals are delivered to virus infected cells by fas-l and other cytokines secreted by specific t lymphocytes. cellular immune response appears to be essential in prevention of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) disease. we have hypothesized that hcmv infection might directly or indirectly result in upregulation of fas receptor and in the presence of fas ligand, lead to ... | 1999 | 10390195 |
| long-term persistence of immunoglobulin a (iga) and igm antibodies against human cytomegalovirus in solid-organ transplant recipients. | the retrospective analysis of 494 solid-organ transplant recipients revealed that during the follow-up period (mean duration, 3.2 years) 184 (88%) of 209 anti-human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immunoglobulin a (iga)-positive patients remained iga positive, as did 128 (74.85%) of 171 anti-hcmv igm-positive patients. we conclude that anti-hcmv iga and igm testing for management of clinically relevant hcmv infections in solid-organ transplant recipients is dispensable. | 1999 | 10391875 |
| human cytomegalovirus stimulates cellular dihydrofolate reductase activity in quiescent cells. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) productively infects quiescent fibroblasts in which the levels of deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dntps) and cell functions involved in dna metabolism are very low. since sufficient dntps levels are essential for human hcmv replication, host cell enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of dntps might be expected to be stimulated by viral infection in quiescent cells. we report that hcmv infection of quiescent fibroblasts stimulates the activity of cellular dihydrofolate ... | 1999 | 10393501 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection decreases expression of thrombospondin-1 independent of the tumor suppressor protein p53. | thrombospondin-1 (tsp-1) is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. it has been shown that promoter sequences of the tsp-1 gene can be transactivated by the wild-type tumor suppressor protein p53. as human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection inactivates wild-type p53 of various cell types, we investigated whether hcmv infection is associated with reduced tsp-1 production. we found, in conjunction with accumulated p53, that tsp-1 mrna and protein expression was significantly reduced in hcmv-infected cul ... | 1999 | 10393860 |
| human cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 6 genes that transform and transactivate. | this review is an update on the transforming genes of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). both viruses have been implicated in the etiology of several human cancers. in particular, hcmv has been associated with cervical carcinoma and adenocarcinomas of the prostate and colon. in vitro transformation studies have established three hcmv morphologic transforming regions (mtr), i.e., mtri, mtrii, and mtriii. of these, only mtrii (ul111a) is retained and expressed in both tr ... | 1999 | 10398670 |
| human cytomegalovirus, mhc class i and inhibitory signalling receptors: more questions than answers. | the human cytomegalovirus ul18 protein, an mhc class i homologue, has been shown to bind to leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (lir)-1, a member of a family of nine closely related immunoglobulin superfamily receptors expressed on leucocytes. the lirs are related to the natural killer (nk)-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and to several other immunoreceptors. three groups of lir molecules have been defined: those containing cytoplasmic domain inhibitory signalling motifs, those with short ... | 1999 | 10399074 |
| broadsheet. number 50: diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection and disease. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) remains an important cause of illness in immunocompromised individuals and the most common viral cause of congenital malformation. the tests available for diagnosis of cmv include serology, antigen detection, virus culture, tissue histopathology and nucleic acid detection. the diagnosis of cmv remains difficult because of the issues of virus latency, virus infection versus clinical disease and virus reactivation. the tests available and the use of these tests are unde ... | 1999 | 10399165 |
| escape of human cytomegalovirus from hla-dr-restricted cd4(+) t-cell response is mediated by repression of gamma interferon-induced class ii transactivator expression. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a betaherpesvirus, is a pathogen which escapes immune recognition through various mechanisms. in this paper, we show that hcmv down regulates gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-induced hla-dr expression in u373 mg astrocytoma cells due to a defect downstream of stat1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. repression of class ii transactivator (ciita) mrna expression is detected within the first hours of ifn-gamma-hcmv coincubation and results in the absence of hla-dr ... | 1999 | 10400755 |
| three-dimensional visualization of tegument/capsid interactions in the intact human cytomegalovirus. | the three-dimensional structure of the intact human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) was determined to 18-a resolution by electron cryomicroscopy and computer reconstruction. its capsid shell is composed of pentons, hexons, and triplexes arranged on a t = 16 icosahedral lattice and is identical to that of the b-capsid isolated from host cell nuclei. an icosahedrally ordered tegument layer formed by 960 copies of filamentous density is also visualized, which interacts with the pentons, hexons, and triplexe ... | 1999 | 10405351 |
| immune responses and protection induced by dna vaccines encoding bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 glycoproteins. | this study was designed to assess the parameters influencing the magnitude and type of immune responses generated to plasmids encoding the hemagglutinin/neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) proteins of bovine parainfluenzavirus type 3 (bpiv3). mice immunized with plasmids expressing hn or f under control of the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter were primed, but they did not develop measurable immune responses. in contrast, strong humoral and cellular immune responses were induced wit ... | 1999 | 10405354 |
| major product pp43 of human cytomegalovirus u(l)112-113 gene is a transcriptional coactivator with two functionally distinct domains. | human cytomegalovirus u(l)112-113 encodes four phosphoproteins, pp84, pp50, pp43, and pp34, with common amino-termini. a previous report by kerry et al. (j. virol. 70, 373-382, 1996) demonstrated that u(l)112-113 products activate u(l)54 promoter in cooperation with immediate-early (ie) proteins. in this study, we identified a domain required for transcriptional activation in the pp43 protein, which consisted of two distinct regions: domain i (amino acids 272-296) and domain ii (amino acids 297- ... | 1999 | 10405360 |
| rapid detection by reverse hybridization of mutations in the ul97 gene of human cytomegalovirus conferring resistance to ganciclovir. | background of study: diseases due to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection constitute a major threat in marrow and solid organ transplant recipients. ganciclovir (gcv) is widely used in prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy of active hcmv infection. resistance to ganciclovir (gcv) may arise at variable frequency under gcv therapy and is conferred by mutations (i) in the ul97 gene (codons 460, 520, and 591-607) encoding a phosphotransferase which is essential for monophosphorylation of gcv and, to ... | 1999 | 10405892 |
| evaluation of the amplisensor pcr and the sharp signal detection system for the early prediction of symptomatic cmv infection in solid transplant recipients. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in transplant patients. specific antiviral treatment at an early stage of cmv infection may effectively ameliorate, but not eliminate cmv disease in these patients. presently, the pp65 antigenemia test on peripheral leukocytes is the method most widely used for predicting and monitoring transplant patients for active cmv infection. nucleic acid amplification methods are less well defined since they lack standardisation. | 1999 | 10405895 |
| depletion of extracellular rantes during human cytomegalovirus infection of endothelial cells. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection results in pneumonitis in bone-marrow and lung-transplant recipients. the source of cmv infection contributing to the onset of pneumonitis is unclear, but may involve infection of the lung endothelium in the presence of infiltrating mononuclear cells. viral infection stimulates the host cell to express chemokines as signals to recruit specific immune cells to the site of injury. cmv encodes a chemokine receptor that may function to reduce host cell expressio ... | 1999 | 10423397 |
| indolocarbazoles: potent, selective inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus replication. | in our search for new, safer anti-hcmv agents, we discovered that the natural product arcyriaflavin a (la) was a potent inhibitor of hcmv replication in cell culture. a series of analogues (symmetrical indolocarbazoles) was synthesised to investigate structure activity relationships in this series against a range of herpes viruses (hcmv, vzv, hsv1, and 2). this identified a number of novel, selective and potent inhibitors of hcmv, 12,13-dihydro-2,10-difluoro-5h-indolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazo ... | 1999 | 10428375 |
| minicircle: an improved dna molecule for in vitro and in vivo gene transfer. | minicircles are a new form of supercoiled dna molecule for nonviral gene transfer which have neither bacterial origin of replication nor antibiotic resistance marker. they are thus smaller and potentially safer than the standard plasmids currently used in gene therapy. they were obtained in e. coli by att site-specific recombination mediated by the phage lambda integrase, which was used to excise the expression cassette from the unwanted plasmid sequences. we produced two minicircles containing ... | 1999 | 10435105 |
| increased duration of transgene expression in the lung with plasmid dna vectors harboring adenovirus e4 open reading frame 3. | for gene therapy to be effective in the treatment of chronic diseases, plasmid dna (pdna) vectors that provide persistent expression of therapeutic levels of the transgene product are desirable. studies in the lung with adenovirus vectors showed that products of the adenovirus e4 region can act both in cis and in trans to increase the duration of expression when transcription of the transgene was under the control of the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter. to determine if these e4-encoded prot ... | 1999 | 10446923 |
| discovery of 1,6-naphthyridines as a novel class of potent and selective human cytomegalovirus inhibitors. | 1999 | 10447945 | |
| anti-repression of rna polymerase ii transcription by pyrrole-imidazole polyamides. | pyrrole-imidazole polyamides are ligands that bind in the minor groove of dna with high affinity and sequence selectivity. molecules of this class have been shown to disrupt specific transcription factor-dna interactions and to inhibit basal and activated transcription from various rna polymerase ii and iii promoters. a set of eight-ring hairpin-motif pyrrole-imidazole polyamides has been designed to bind within the binding site for the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) ul122 immediate early protein 2 ... | 1999 | 10451376 |
| development of biopharmaceuticals in plant expression systems: cloning, expression and immunological reactivity of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b (ul55) in seeds of transgenic tobacco. | plant seeds offer unique opportunities for the production and delivery of oral subunit vaccines. we have used the immunodominant glycoprotein b complex of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), introduced into tobacco plants, as a model system for studying the merit of this promising approach. given the advantages of expressing proteins in seeds, a novel expression vector was developed incorporating regulatory sequences of glutelin, the major rice seed storage protein, to direct synthesis of recombinant ... | 1999 | 10462237 |
| target structures of the cd8(+)-t-cell response to human cytomegalovirus: the 72-kilodalton major immediate-early protein revisited. | cell-mediated immunity plays an essential role in the control of infection with the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). however, only a few cd8(+)-t-cell epitopes are known, with the majority being contained in the pp65 phosphoprotein, which is believed to dominate the cd8(+)-t-cell response to hcmv. here, we have readdressed the issue of cd8(+) t cells specific for the 72-kda major immediate-early protein (ie-1), which is nonstructural but is found very early and throughout the replicative cycle. usi ... | 1999 | 10482568 |
| the development of an automated in situ assay for the detection of human cytomegalovirus in peripheral blood leukocytes. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections are common in immunosuppressed patients, especially transplant recipients and patients with aids. the utility of an automated in situ hybridization (ish) assay for the rapid detection of hcmv immediate early mrna was evaluated using cytospin (shandon lipshaw, inc., pittsburgh, pa) prepared leukocytes from peripheral blood samples. in this study, the detection of hcmv immediate early protein by immunofluorescent antibody staining of the standard shell vial ... | 1999 | 10488758 |
| a simple and rapid method for preparation of viral dna from cell associated cytomegalovirus. | in the field of human cytomegalovirus pathogenesis there is growing interest in analyzing recent clinical isolates rather than cell culture adapted laboratory strains. however, true low passage isolates are strictly cell associated prior to cell culture adaptation and only a minor fraction of cells are infected at low passage number. both conditions hinder the preparation of pure viral dna. to date, genetic analyses had been carried out mostly with supernatant associated cytomegalovirus. a rapid ... | 1999 | 10488769 |
| distribution of human cmv-specific memory t cells among the cd8pos. subsets defined by cd57, cd27, and cd45 isoforms. | chronic antigenic stimulation has been associated with peripheral blood expansions of cd8pos. t cells characterized by cd57 expression, loss of cd27 expression, and reversal of the cd45ro(bright) /ra(dim) phenotype usually associated with immunological memory towards a cd45ro(dim) /ra(bright) phenotype. however, the relationship and functional significance of these subset(s) has remained controversial. here, this issue was addressed using a novel flow cytometric technique that allows simultaneou ... | 1999 | 10508265 |
| site-specific recombination in mammalian cells expressing the int recombinase of bacteriophage hk022. | the int gene of bacteriophage hk022, coding for the integrase protein, was cloned in a mammalian expression vector downstream of the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter. green monkey kidney cells (cos-1) and mouse embryo fibroblast cells (nih3t3) transiently transfected with the recombinant plasmid express the integrase protein. co-transfection of this plasmid with reporter plasmids for site-specific recombination and pcr analyses show that the integrase promotes site-specific integration as we ... | 1999 | 10532317 |
| [strains of ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus]. | in countries where the resistance of cytomegalovirus to ganciclovir has been studied, strains resistant to therapeutic doses of this drug have been isolated. when a change in treatment has been impossible the patient has shown bad clinical evolution. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of these strains in our medium, observe whether the resistances appear in patients previously treated with ganciclovir and determine its implication in the evolution of cytomegalovirus infection. | 1999 | 10535184 |
| different real-time pcr formats compared for the quantitative detection of human cytomegalovirus dna. | the aim of this study was to compare the abi prism 7700 sequence detection system and the lightcycler to develop a quantitative real-time pcr assay for the detection of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna suitable for routine hospital application. | 1999 | 10545062 |
| diagnostic and prognostic value of human cytomegalovirus load and igm antibody in blood of congenitally infected newborns. | diagnosis of congenital human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection relies on virus isolation from urine collected in the first 3 weeks of life. however, very little is known about the presence, levels and duration of hcmv pp65 antigenemia, viremia and dnaemia in congenitally infected newborns. | 1999 | 10548131 |
| [nucleic acid sequence-based amplification method and its application to human cytomegalovirus reactivation]. | 1999 | 10548936 | |
| human cytomegalovirus ul144 open reading frame: sequence hypervariability in low-passage clinical isolates. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infects a number of organs and cell types in vivo, leading to the hypothesis that hcmv disease and tissue tropism may be related to specific sequence variants. a potential component of hcmv variant strains is the ul144 open reading frame (orf), which encodes a homologue of the herpesvirus entry mediator, hvea, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. sequence analysis of the ul144 orf in 45 low-passage clinical isolates demonstrated significant str ... | 1999 | 10559318 |
| chlorophenylmethyl benzothiadiazine dioxides derivatives: potent human cytomegalovirus inhibitors. | modifications of our previously reported lead compounds, acyclonucleosides derived from 2,1,3-benzothiadiazine dioxides, in the search for inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), lead us to identify the chlorophenylmethyl benzothiadiazine dioxides derivatives as potent hcmv inhibitors. the synthesis and antiviral data of this second-generation of benzothiadiazine dioxide compounds are reported. | 1999 | 10560739 |
| the inhibition of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) protease by hydroxylamine derivatives. | aryl hydroxylamine derivatives have been synthesised that are some of the most potent inhibitors of hcmv protease prepared to date (ic50 14-60 nm). mass spectrometry studies indicate that oxazinone derived hydroxylamines inhibit the enzyme by acylation of ser132 whereas non-oxazinone derived hydroxylamines appear to inhibit via formation of a sulfinanilide at cys138. | 1999 | 10560740 |
| a novel negative cis-regulatory element on the hepatitis b virus s-(+)-strand. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) has a double-stranded dna genome. the minus-strand contains coding regions for all known hbv proteins and most of the cis-regulatory elements. little is known about transcription from the s-(+)-strand and its regulation. thus, the presence of regulatory elements located on the s-(+)-strand was investigated by inserting nt 1038-1783 of hbv in both orientations between the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) promoter and a luciferase gene. transfection experiments revealed that th ... | 1999 | 10573160 |
| free thiol groups are essential for infectivity of human cytomegalovirus. | the membrane-impermeable thiol blocker 5'5-dithiobis 2- nitrobenzoic acid (dtnb) blocked infectivity of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) although the virus still bound to cells. dtnb-treated cmv regained 65% of its infectivity after incubation with the disulfide bond-reducing agent dithiothreitol. these observations suggest that free thiol groups on cmv are required for infectivity and may participate in disulfide bond formation during virus entry. | 1999 | 10580047 |
| modification of human cytomegalovirus tropism through propagation in vitro is associated with changes in the viral genome. | following extensive propagation in fibroblasts, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) loses tropism for a number of otherwise natural host cells, in particular, endothelial cells. in this study, the hypothesis was tested that loss of endothelial tropism is associated with the appearance of genomic variants. initial quantitative focus expansion assays on endothelial monolayers demonstrated that, while the laboratory strains ad169 and towne failed to form detectable foci, 29 out of 30 recent clinical hcmv ... | 1999 | 10580048 |
| the human cytomegalovirus chemokine receptor us28 mediates vascular smooth muscle cell migration. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection of smooth muscle cells (smcs) in vivo has been linked to a viral etiology of vascular disease. in this report, we demonstrate that hcmv infection of primary arterial smcs results in significant cellular migration. ablation of the chemokine receptor, us28, abrogates smc migration, which is rescued only by expression of the viral homolog and not a cellular g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr). expression of us28 in the presence of cc chemokines including rantes ... | 1999 | 10589679 |
| molecular characterization of the guinea pig cytomegalovirus ul83 (pp65) protein homolog. | the tegument phosphoproteins of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) elicit cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses and are hence candidates for subunit vaccine development. little is known, however, about the tegument proteins of nonhuman cytomegaloviruses, such as guinea pig cmv (gpcmv). dna sequence analysis of the eco r i "c" fragment of the gpcmv genome identified an open reading frame (orf) which is colinear with that of the hcmv tegument phosphoprotein, ul83 (pp65). this orf was found to have iden ... | 1999 | 10595412 |
| cytomegalovirus: virological facts for clinicians. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a complex dna virus encoding more than 200 viral proteins. this highly adapted opportunist agent has developed several ways to evade the immune system. among all clinical features due to hcmv, retinitis occurs especially in severely immunosuppressed patients, particularly during the end phase of hiv infection. highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has significantly reduced the incidence of this complication. however, in this haart era, we observe the emerge ... | 1999 | 10611720 |
| adeno-associated virus type 2 nonstructural protein rep78 suppresses translation in vitro. | adeno-associated virus type 2 nonstructural protein rep78 [621 amino acids (aa) long] affects the expression of various cellular and viral genes. in this study we examined the effects of rep78 on expression of the luciferase gene from the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter in hela cells and on translation of rna encoding luciferase in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. when rep78 and luciferase were coexpressed, the luciferase activity decreased despite increased levels of luciferase mrna i ... | 2000 | 10612674 |
| growth efficiency in transgenic tilapia (oreochromis sp.) carrying a single copy of an homologous cdna growth hormone. | growth hormone (gh) has been shown to have a profound impact on fish physiology and metabolism. however, detailed studies in transgenic fish have not been conducted. we have characterized the food conversion efficiency, protein profile, and biochemical correlates of growth rate in transgenic tilapia expressing the tilapia gh cdna under the control of human cytomegalovirus regulatory sequences. transgenic tilapia exhibited about 3.6-fold less food consumption than nontransgenic controls (p < 0.00 ... | 2000 | 10623643 |
| activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 by human cytomegalovirus infection through two distinct pathways: a novel mechanism for activation of p38. | recent evidence indicates activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) p38 has a critical function in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) viral dna replication in infected human fibroblasts. to elucidate the mechanism of hcmv-mediated p38 activation, we have performed a detailed analysis of p38 activation and the kinases associated with this activation at different times postinfection. we demonstrate that p38 kinase activity is strongly increased following viral infection. inhibition of this activ ... | 2000 | 10627526 |
| characterization of a panel of insertion mutants in human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b. | glycoprotein b (gb; gpul55) of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) plays a critical role in virus entry and cell-to-cell spread of infection. to define the structure-function relationships in gb, a panel of linker-insertion mutations was generated throughout the coding region. this strategy yielded a panel of 22 mutants with four amino acid insertions and 3 large truncation mutants. assessment of the mutant proteins' biosynthetic properties and folding patterns analyzed in context with predicted second ... | 2000 | 10627549 |
| neoglycolipid conjugates of foscarnet with enhanced antiviral activity in cells infected with human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1. | the synthesis of a series of neoglycolipid conjugates of foscarnet as potential drug targeting forms or lipophilic prodrugs of foscarnet is described. the compounds were obtained from suitably protected neoglycolipids, in which the lipid chain consisted of 12 to 20 carbon atoms, by ethoxycarbonylphosphonylation at the 6-hydroxyl or 4-hydroxyl group followed by deprotection. the in vitro antiviral activity of the compounds was determined in human foetal lung cells infected with human cytomegalovi ... | 1999 | 10628809 |
| cloning and epitope mapping of a functional partial fusion receptor for human cytomegalovirus gh. | a cdna clone encoding a partial putative human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) gh fusion receptor (cmvfr) was previously identified. in this report, the cdna sequence of cmvfr was determined and the role of this cmvfr in hcmv/cell fusion was confirmed by rendering fusion-incompetent molt-4 cells susceptible to fusion following transfection with receptor cdna. blocking experiments using recombinant gh or either of two mabs (against recombinant gh or purified viral gh:gl) provided additional evidence for t ... | 2000 | 10640539 |
| induction of protective immunity in chickens immunised with plasmid dna encoding infectious bursal disease virus antigens. | direct dna inoculations were used to determine the efficacy of gene immunisation of chickens to elicit protective immune responses against infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). the vp2 gene of ibdv strains gp40 and d78, and the vp2-vp4-vp3 encoding segment of strain d78 were cloned in an expression vector which consisted of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate early enhancer and promoter, adenovirus tripartite leader sequences and sv40 polyadenylation signal. for purification of vaccine-qual ... | 1999 | 10641338 |
| human cytomegalovirus induced inhibition of hematopoietic cell line growth is initiated by events taking place before translation of viral gene products. | bone marrow suppression with leukopenia is frequently observed during human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection, and in vitro the cell colony formation of bone marrow progenitors is directly inhibited by hcmv. to better understand the mechanisms of hcmv's ability to directly inhibit the cell colony formation of hematopoietic cells, we examined the effect of hcmv infection on four hematopoietic cell lines, ml-3, hl-60, kg-1, and u-937. similarly to the observed effect on hematopoietic progenitors, h ... | 2000 | 10664409 |