Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| role of screening in prevention and treatment. | since viral hepatitis may be the most common form of chronic viral disease in the world, strenuous attempts are being made to reduce the incidence. to achieve this, strategies are being developed by various national and international bodies involving both the immunisation and screening of certain groups of the population. these strategies are by no means universal, and the value of screening specific groups is the subject of much debate. this paper will address a number of the issues related spe ... | 1993 | 8314491 |
| structural and functional analysis of the surface protein of human coronavirus oc43. | the two surface glycoproteins s and he of human coronavirus oc43 (hcv-oc43) were isolated from the viral membrane and purified. only the s protein was able to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes, indicating that this viral protein is the major hemagglutinin of hcv-oc43. the receptor determinant recognized by this virus on the surface of erythrocytes is n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5,9ac2) which is also used by bovine coronavirus for attachment to cells. by analyzing erythrocytes containin ... | 1993 | 8317096 |
| occupational exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus and other blood-borne pathogens. a six-year prospective study. | to prospectively study occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other blood-borne pathogens. | 1993 | 8326890 |
| [prevalence of hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection among japanese female prostitutes]. | to investigate the incidence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in japanese sexual workers, 191 out of 194 female prostitutes working in a certain district of the tokyo metropolitan area were tested for anti-hcv, anti-hepatitis b virus (hbv), anti-hiv and anti-treponema pallidum (tp). they were also interviewed with regard to their past history of blood transfusion, vaccination against hbv, liver diseases and repeated skin piercing treatments such as tatt ... | 1993 | 8329759 |
| nucleotide sequence of the human coronavirus 229e rna polymerase locus. | the nucleotide sequence of the human coronavirus 229e (hcv 229e) rna polymerase gene and the 5' region of the genome has been determined. the polymerase gene is comprised of two large open reading frames, orf1a and orf1b, that contain 4086 and 2687 codons, respectively. orf1b overlaps orf1a by 43 bases in the (-1) reading frame. the in vitro translation of sp6 transcripts which include hcv 229e sequences encompassing the orf1a/orf1b junction show that expression of orf1b can be mediated by ribos ... | 1993 | 8337838 |
| [virus and autoimmunity with emphasis on liver diseases]. | the dualism virus pathogenesis and autoimmune pathogenesis in liver disease is given up increasingly. a survey is given about the development of autoimmunity and virus induction of the autoimmune hepatitis. the hypothesis of virus induction of autoimmune hepatitis put forward by storch 1975 (19) is unproven up to now, but the concept of virus-associated autoimmune hepatitis put forward by storch 1980 (23) is acknowledged today. first of all, antibodies against endoplasmic reticulum (liver and ki ... | 1993 | 8344697 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies to bovine enteric coronavirus and antigenic variability among quebec isolates. | twenty monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against the mebus strain of bovine enteric coronavirus, 14 of them reacting with the peplomeric s (gp 100) glycoprotein. competition binding assays allowed the definition of at least 4 distinct antigenic domains for the s glycoprotein, designated as a, b, c, and d; epitopes associated to neutralizing activity being located in sites a, b, and c. one mab directed to the hemagglutinin he (gp 140/gp 65) glycoprotein inhibited the hemagglutinating act ... | 1993 | 8347084 |
| cryoglobulinemia related to hepatitis c virus infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | 1993 | 8353996 | |
| prevalence of hepatitis c in a chemically dependent population. | drug abuse is the major risk factor for hepatitis c in the united states. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv), to identify risk factors for hcv, and to correlate hcv and liver function in patients presenting for inpatient detoxification of substances of abuse. | 1993 | 8357288 |
| specific detection of anti-hbc antibodies with an enzyme immunoassay using recombinant hbcag and monoclonal antibodies. | an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of total anti-hbc antibodies in undiluted serum samples was developed. this assay utilizes an anti-hbc monoclonal antibody and a recombinant hbc antigen. the results of the clinical validation are now reported. a total of 1,301 sera were tested using both the recombinant total hbc ab eia and a reference assay. the specificity was evaluated on a panel of 573 normal human sera and human sera from subjects with pathological findings unrelated to a hepatitis b ... | 1993 | 8360313 |
| prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus among dialysis patients. the italian multicentric study on nosocomial and occupational risk of blood-borne infections in dialysis. | in april 1991, a cross-sectional study of hiv, hbv and hcv markers among dialysis patients was carried out in 19 italian units in order to evaluate the spread of these bloodborne infections among patients and to evaluate the potential risk for staff who care for them. a total of 2,180 patients were eligible and all consented to be tested. of the 1,347 patients who had not been given hepatitis b vaccine, 67.9% had at least one marker of hbv infection; of these 9.2% were hbsag carriers; conversely ... | 1993 | 8366992 |
| thyroid hypofunction related with the progression of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | thyroid function was evaluated in 119 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients at different stages of infection, compared with euthyroid normal subjects and hepatitis c virus infected blood donors as control groups. the low t3 state, well documented in severe nonthyroidal illnesses, was not found in these hiv infected patients. they showed lower ft4 levels and higher tsh and tbg values than euthyroid normal controls. these findings suggested a thyroid hypofunction becoming more evide ... | 1993 | 8370915 |
| [slow virus infection in the field of obstetrics and gynecology--with special reference to hbv, htlv-1 and hcv]. | the slow virus infection (svi) established by gajdusek dc in 1964 has been known to involve not only kuru or creutzfeldt-jakob disease but also hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and very recently human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) or hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. these all viruses potentially develop serious, irreversible disease, ie, hepatoma or adult t-cell leukemia, after long latent periods. hbv, htlv-1 and hcv can be transmitted vertically from carrier mothers to their off ... | 1993 | 8371012 |
| [transfusion-induced virus infections: how great is the risk?]. | the risk of infection by blood transfusions contaminated with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and/or the hepatitis c virus (hcv) was dramatically reduced after the introduction of blood donor screening using specific and sensitive 2nd- or 3rd-generation enzyme immunoassays for virus antibody detection. in addition, donors selection provides the greatest safety. the strategy for safe blood supply includes medical examination and self-exclusion of donors. for example, in german blood donors ... | 1993 | 8374287 |
| hepatitis viruses and protection against infection in children. | molecular biology techniques are now a vital part of hepatitis virology, with a central role in studies of diagnosis, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and natural history of infection. cloning of the genome of hepatitis e virus has allowed its tentative classification as a calici- or related virus, and is the first step toward the development of a vaccine. long-term implications of hepatitis c for groups such as children with hemophilia, thalassemia, and even leukemia can be better understo ... | 1993 | 8374624 |
| perinatal infections. | information concerning the most recently discovered infections with perinatal implications is constantly expanding. hepatitis c virus is responsible for the majority of cases of sporadic and transfusion-related non-a, non-b hepatitis. its prevalence in the general obstetric population is approximately 2%, but it is much higher in intravenous drug users and recipients of blood transfusions. the risk of vertical transmission is probably small (approximately 4.5%), but mothers coinfected with hepat ... | 1993 | 8381035 |
| search for intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis c virus in hemophilia patients. | this study was performed to determine the risk of family members of anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv)-positive hemophilia patients (index patients) for infection with hcv compared with the risk of acquiring hepatitis b virus (hbv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. all index patients (n = 141) were found to be positive by first and second generation anti-hcv enzyme immunoassays (eias). among their household contacts (n = 228), 224 were negative and 1 positive ... | 1993 | 8381312 |
| elevated serum testosterone levels and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. | serum samples of 9691 male adults had been collected and frozen for a prospective study of hepatocellular carcinoma in taiwan. after an average follow-up period of 4.6 years, testosterone levels in the stored serum were measured by radioimmunoassay using commercial kits for 35 cases of newly developed hepatocellular carcinoma, 63 hepatitis b surface antigen-negative and 77 hepatitis b surface antigen-positive matched controls. elevated testosterone levels were found to be associated with an incr ... | 1993 | 8381328 |
| patterns of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis and their relationship to viral replication and liver disease. | patients with hepatitis c virus infection may have circulating antibodies to various structural and nonstructural antigens of the virus. to assess whether the antibody profile is related to epidemiological or clinical features of chronic infection or to viral replication, sera from 172 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis were studied for antibodies to nonstructural and structural hepatitis c virus antigens and for serum hepatitis c virus rna with the polymerase ... | 1993 | 8381380 |
| infrequent vertical transmission of hepatitis c virus. | the rate of vertical transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was determined by a combination of assays for anti-hcv antibody and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 66 children born to infected mothers. only 4 children showed evidence of infection with hcv, being positive for anti-hcv in all samples collected from 6 months to 5 years of age. all samples from the remaining 62 children were repeatedly anti-hcv-negative on screening by two second-generation antibody assays. furthermore, samples ... | 1993 | 8382718 |
| recombinant immunoblot assays for hepatitis c in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected us navy personnel. | the prevalence of hepatitis a, b, c, and d viruses was studied in 467 military personnel with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) by first-generation elisa was found in 136 (29%). of sera repeatedly reactive for anti-hcv by first-generation elisa, two-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (riba) was positive in 41 (32%) and four-antigen riba was positive in 55 (41%). four-antigen riba was positive in 33 (30%) of the 109 with an od on eli ... | 1993 | 8382719 |
| non-a, non-b posttransfusion hepatitis: comparing c and non-c hepatitis. | using assays to detect antibodies against antigens (c-100, 5-1-1, c-22 and c-33) of the hepatitis c virus, we tested stored sera from 40 patients prospectively identified as having non-a, non-b posttransfusion hepatitis. the 28 patients who demonstrated seroconversion ("documented hepatitis c") had more severe initial disease; all 20 cases of chronic hepatitis occurred in this subgroup. only 2 of the 12 patients who did not demonstrate such seroconversion even had symptoms. in the group of patie ... | 1993 | 8383087 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies in acute and chronic liver disease in india. | the prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis c virus was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis (14), sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis (42), chronic hepatitis (14) and cirrhosis (26). none of the patients with epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis (14) and acute self-limiting sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis without prior parenteral exposure (38) tested positive for hepatitis c virus antibody. based on epidemiologic features, hepatitis e viru ... | 1993 | 8383158 |
| equilibrium centrifugation studies of hepatitis c virus: evidence for circulating immune complexes. | the buoyant density of hepatitis c virus (hcv), with high in vivo infectivity (strain h) or low in vivo infectivity (strain f), was determined by sucrose gradient equilibrium centrifugation. viral rna of strain h was detected in fractions with densities of < or = 1.09 g/ml (principally approximately 1.06 g/ml), while that of strain f was found in fractions with densities of approximately 1.06 and approximately 1.17 g/ml. the observed difference was confirmed by differential flotation centrifugat ... | 1993 | 8383220 |
| hepatitis c virus associated primary hepatocellular carcinoma in a noncirrhotic liver. | the case of a 71-year-old man with a primary hepatocellular carcinoma in a non-cirrhotic liver is reported. there were no risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc)-like liver cirrhosis, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, exposure to vinyl chloride, thorotrast, aflatoxin or alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. serologically, the patient was positive for antibodies to the hepatitis b virus (anti-hbc, anti-hbs) and for anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibodies. virologically, positive and negative st ... | 1993 | 8384032 |
| [infection by hiv and the hepatitis b, c, and d viruses in intravenous drug addicts. seroprevalence at 1 year and its follow-up]. | the aim of the present article was to study the serology of intravenous drug user patients against the hepatitis b, c, d, and hiv, during 1990 and the follow-up during the same year, and 1991. | 1993 | 8384891 |
| [molecular genotypes of hepatitis c virus and their divergence times]. | we collected the nucleotide sequences of hepatitis c virus (hcv) from the international dna data base ddbj/embl/genbank to carry out molecular evolutionary analysis of hcvs. using these sequences, we constructed the phylogenetic trees for the 5' non-coding, core, env., e2/ns1, ns3, ns4 and ns5 regions of hcv. the number of nucleotide substitutions per site at all positions between all pairs of hcvs, for each region, were estimated by the 6-parameter method. using these numbers, we constructed ph ... | 1993 | 8385234 |
| [viral risks associated with blood transfusion]. | the presence of viruses in blood cells or plasma from asymptomatic donors is the major risk of transmitting an infectious agent through blood transfusion. the main viruses involved are hepatitis viruses and retroviruses. the risk of transmitting hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) has been progressively and efficiently reduced in the last years by the successive introduction of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) screening, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (alt), antibody ... | 1993 | 8386512 |
| localization of hepatitis c viral rna and capsid protein in human liver. | in the livers of patients whose sera contained antibodies to c100-3 antigen (anti-hcv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna, the presence of hcv rna and hcv capsid protein (cp) antigen was demonstrated by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. it was found that occasional hepatocytes in four of ten livers from patients whose sera were positive for both anti-hcv and hcv rna hybridized with antisense as well as sense oligonucleotide dna probes, whereas the probes did not hybridiz ... | 1993 | 8387003 |
| failure to detect hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome by polymerase chain reaction in human anti-hcv-positive intravenous immunoglobulins. | the prevalence of hcv antibodies was determined by a second-generation elisa and a four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay in nine intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) preparations commercially available in italy. in addition, the clinical safety of six of them was ascertained by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of hcv rna and a prospective study in 14 patients with immunodeficiency disorders. results indicated that all ivig preparations were anti-hcv-positive. however, there were substantial vari ... | 1993 | 8387411 |
| translation of human hepatitis c virus rna in cultured cells is mediated by an internal ribosome-binding mechanism. | the human hepatitis c virus (hcv) contains a long 5' noncoding region (5' ncr). computer-assisted and biochemical analyses suggest that there is a complex secondary structure in this region that is comparable to the secondary structures that are found in picornaviruses (e.a. brown, h. zhang, l.-h. ping, and s.m. lemon, nucleic acids res. 20:5041-5045, 1992). previous in vitro studies suggest that the hcv 5' ncr plays an important role during translation (k. tsukiyama-kohara, n. iizuka, m. kohara ... | 1993 | 8388503 |
| liver biopsy and the etiologic diagnosis of chronic hepatitis. | the histological features of chronic viral hepatitis differ according to etiological agent and replicative phases. thus, in chronic hbv hepatitis with a high level of hbv replication the histological lesion is generally mild. during the seroconversion phase, a lobular lesion is present in the liver biopsy followed by amelioration of the disease. chronic delta hepatitis is very aggressive histologically, progression to cirrhosis is frequent, and sanded nuclei are often observed in liver biopsies ... | 1993 | 8389784 |
| molecular cloning and heterogeneity of the human hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome. | the japanese variant of the hepatitis c virus (hcv-n) genome, consisting of 9440 nucleotides in length, was cloned from a small amount (2 ml) of plasma from a single japanese carrier by using rt-pcr and modified rt-pcr. the hcv-n genome has a long open reading frame that encodes a 3014 amino acid polyprotein with 340 and 57 bases of 5' and 3' non-coding sequences, respectively. hcv-n has a 4-amino-acid insertion in the ns5 region as compared to other hcv isolates, but this insertion is found to ... | 1993 | 8389788 |
| expression, identification and subcellular localization of the proteins encoded by the hepatitis c viral genome. | we have expressed the full-length coding region and selected domains of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) cdna in mammalian cells by transfection. using hcv antibody-positive human sera and monospecific antibodies the proteins encoded by the putative structural and non-structural regions of the open reading frame of hcv were identified as core (p22), e1 (gp32-35), e2 (gp68-72), ns2 (p23), ns3 (p72), ns4a and b (p10 and p27) and ns5a and b (p56 and p70). we have also defined the subcellular localizatio ... | 1993 | 8389800 |
| a unique, predominant hepatitis c virus variant found in an infant born to a mother with multiple variants. | to demonstrate vertical transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) from an hcv-infected, non-human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected mother to her infant and to assess the distribution of viral species in the mother and infant, the hypervariable region of the gene encoding the putative envelope glycoprotein e2 (e2hv) was sequenced in three mothers and one mother-infant pair. the data indicate that (i) quasi-species distributions of hcv e2hv variants were found in all four mothers, (ii) a singl ... | 1993 | 8389933 |
| tumor-suppressor p53 gene in hepatitis c and b virus-associated human hepatocellular carcinoma. | abnormalities of the tumor-suppressor p53 gene have been discovered in human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). it is unclear, however, whether hcc related to chronic viral hepatitis is associated with p53 gene alterations. in this study, we have examined p53 abnormalities in hcc associated with hepatitis c and b virus (hcv and hbv) infections. tissues from 18 hcc patients from several hospitals throughout the united states were collected (9 were hcv-infected, 5 were hbv-infected, 1 was hcv/hbv-inf ... | 1993 | 8390407 |
| correlation between the infectivity of hepatitis c virus in vivo and its infectivity in vitro. | a murine retrovirus-infected human t-cell line, hpb-ma, supported replication of hepatitis c virus (hcv) at least as well as the previously reported molt4-ma cells. cloning of hpb-ma cells revealed a clonal variation of cellular susceptibility to hcv infection. using one of the sensitive clones, we tested hcv inocula from different sources for their infectivity titer in cell culture. the in vitro titers obtained correlated with the reported infectivity titers of the inocula in chimpanzees. thus, ... | 1993 | 8392185 |
| [hepatitis viruses and pregnancy]. | infections with hepatitis virus a, b, c, d or e can also be observed during pregnancy. furthermore, pregnant carriers of hepatitis b virus, occurring at various frequencies in different populations, represent an important source of infection. the course and the outcome of hepatitis a, b, c and d do not seem to be significantly affected by pregnancy. a fulminant hepatitis e, however, which is observed only rarely in europe, can be induced by pregnancy and labor. fetal malformations have not been ... | 1993 | 8392489 |
| prospective assessment of donor blood screening for antibody to hepatitis c virus and high-titer antibody to hbcag as a means of preventing posttransfusion hepatitis. | since december 1989, the japan red cross blood bureau has screened blood donors for hepatitis c virus antibody on the basis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high titers of antibody to hbc antigen. to elucidate the effectiveness of the new screening tests in preventing posttransfusion hepatitis, the incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis after the introduction of the new tests (december 1989 to december 1990) was compared with the incidence before their introduction (january 1982 to decem ... | 1993 | 8393422 |
| diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with hepatitis c virus-like particles in paramesangial dense deposits in a patient with chronic hepatitis c virus hepatitis. | a 62-year-old man with hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection developed proliferative glomerulonephritis with igm and c3 deposits. electron microscopy showed hcv-like particles in the paramesangial dense deposits, which are similar in shape to hcv previously described. these findings suggest hcv-related proliferative glomerulonephritis. | 1993 | 8393534 |
| a clinicopathologic study of adenomatous hyperplasia of the liver in 209 consecutive cirrhotic livers examined by autopsy. | adenomatous hyperplasia (ah), also called macroregenerative nodule, of the cirrhotic liver is currently considered to be a preneoplastic or early neoplastic lesion in human hepatocellular carcinogenesis. | 1993 | 8394196 |
| viral infection including hiv and aids. | viruses have long been considered candidates for infectious etiologic agents or cofactors in the development of rheumatic diseases. the current epidemic of hiv infection has focused both scientific and lay interest on identifying such agents and understanding their role in precipitating and perpetuating disease. during 1992, the role of hepatitis c virus infection in cryoglobulinemia was further defined. interest in members of the herpesviridae family was raised. the potential for postvaccinatio ... | 1993 | 8395196 |
| treatment with recombinant alpha-interferon of chronic hepatitis c in anti-hiv-positive patients. | a pilot study of chronic hepatitis c treatment was conducted in 14 patients (13 had chronic active hepatitis and 1 had liver cirrhosis). all patients were asymptomatic for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 (mean cd4 count of 584 +/- 283 cells/mm3). patients received 9 mu rifn-alpha 2a per day for three months. after this, patients received 9 mu three times weekly for three months, 6 mu for another three months on the same protocol, and finally 3 mu again three times weekly for the la ... | 1993 | 8395552 |
| suppression of hepatitis b virus expression and replication by hepatitis c virus core protein in huh-7 cells. | hepatitis b and c viruses (hbv and hcv, respectively) are associated with acute and chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. to elucidate the molecular status of superinfection with these two hepatitis viruses, we cotransfected the full-length or truncated version of hcv structural genes (core and envelope 1) together with the cloned hbv dna into a human hepatoma cell line (huh-7). expression of hbv-specific major transcripts (3.5 and 2.1 kb), as well as hbv antigens (hepatitis b sur ... | 1993 | 8396658 |
| hepatitis c virus ns3 protein polynucleotide-stimulated nucleoside triphosphatase and comparison with the related pestivirus and flavivirus enzymes. | sequence motifs within the nonstructural protein ns3 of members of the flaviviridae family suggest that this protein possesses nucleoside triphosphatase (ntpase) and rna helicase activity. the rna-stimulated ntpase activity of this protein from prototypic members of the pestivirus and flavivirus genera has recently been established and enzymologically characterized. here, we experimentally demonstrate that the ns3 protein from a member of the third genus of flaviviridae, human hepatitis c virus ... | 1993 | 8396675 |
| production and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody to the hepatitis c virus ns4 region. | 1993 | 8396822 | |
| importance of the polymerase chain reaction in the study of hepatitis c virus infection. | recently, the principal etiological agent of parenterally transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis was molecularly cloned from the plasma of an experimentally infected chimpanzee and has been named hepatitis c virus. determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the hepatitis c virus genome was a crucial step in preparing the way for future study of this medically important human pathogen. due to the very low concentration of virus in serum, amplification of viral rna sequences by reverse trans ... | 1993 | 8400334 |
| argentinian doctors accused of spreading aids. | the provincial ministry of health has taken over a dialysis center in la plata, argentina, following the discovery that at least 20 of the clinic's 34 regular patients have been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). catheters of the clinic's dialysis machines were found to be contaminated with hiv. the 5 physicians associated with the centro modelo de dialisis have been discharged for negligence. 20 of the regular patients also contracted hepatitis c. argentinian law stipulate ... | 1993 | 8401012 |
| expression in e. coli and purification of a chimeric p22-ns3 recombinant antigen of hepatitis c virus (hcv). | a recombinant antigen (p22-ns3), possessing putative hcv nucleocapsid protein (p22) and non-structural protein 3 (ns3) epitopes, was heavily expressed in e. coli and purified. the p22-ns3 purified recombinant antigen strongly reacts with sera containing human antibodies directed against p22 and ns3 providing a starting point for the design of an hcv single all-encompassing antigen for a blood screening assay. | 1993 | 8405360 |
| high-risk groups and screening strategies for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease. | characteristics of high-risk groups for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in japan were studied to establish screening strategies for early detection of the tumor. some 93% of patients with hcc were associated with chronic liver disease. on the other hand, 67% of patients with liver cirrhosis had hcc at autopsy. most were related to current hepatitis virus infection. an analysis of risk factors among 120 patients with chronic hepatitis revealed that age and histological findings were independent ri ... | 1993 | 8406298 |
| genetic changes and histopathological grades in human hepatocellular carcinomas. | loss of heterozygosity (loh) on chromosomes 1p, 4q, 5q, 8p, 13q, 16q, 17p, and 22q, and mutation of the p53 gene were simultaneously analyzed in 63 hepatocellular carcinomas (hccs) with distinct histopathological grades, 80% of the tumors being from patients who had been exposed to hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv). the frequencies of loh on 8 chromosomes were 0-25% in 10 well differentiated hccs, loh being observed on 4q, 5q and 17p, 21-53% in 26 moderately differentiated hccs, ... | 1993 | 8407553 |
| high prevalence of anti-cardiolipin antibody, c1q-, c3d-, and mrf-igg immune complexes, and anti-nuclear antibody in hemophiliacs irrespective of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | we investigated the prevalence of various autoantibodies [anti-cardiolipin antibody (acl), lupus anticoagulant (la), immune complexes (ics), anti-nuclear antibody (ana), and anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibody (adna)] in hemophiliac individuals with (n = 50) and without (n = 42) infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). the positivity rate for ana was similar in both groups, and none of the patients was positive for la and adna. acl was positive in 35 of 50 (70%) hiv-1-positive h ... | 1993 | 8410668 |
| characterization of hepatitis c virus envelope glycoprotein complexes expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. | we constructed recombinant vaccinia virus vectors for expression of the structural region of hepatitis c virus (hcv). infection of mammalian cells with a vector (vv/hcv1-906) encoding c-e1-e2-ns2 generated major protein species of 22 kda (c), 33 to 35 kda (e1), and 70 to 72 kda (e2), as observed previously with other mammalian expression systems. the bulk of the e1 and e2 expressed by vv/hcv1-906 was found integrated into endoplasmic reticulum membranes as core-glycosylated species, suggesting t ... | 1993 | 8411378 |
| risk factors for hepatitis c virus seropositivity in heterosexual couples. | to determine the risk of heterosexual transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and to identify other risk factors for hcv seropositivity in heterosexual couples. | 1993 | 8418342 |
| detection of hepatitis b virus in plasma using flow cytometric analyses of polymerase chain reaction-amplified dna incorporating digoxigenin-11-dutp. | blood donations are routinely screened by multiple serologic assays for antigens/antibodies associated with infection by blood-borne viruses, including hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2), and human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv-i and htlv-ii). a direct detection of these viruses would be more effective for the prevention of transfusion-transmitted infections than the indirect measurement of the variable host immune response to the ... | 1993 | 8427989 |
| occupational risks of infection in the surgical management of trauma patients. | the evolution of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome secondary to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has resulted in increased concern by surgeons and other members of the health care team with respect to occupationally acquired viral infections. hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and other viral infections of the liver remain more important than hiv as a cause of morbidity and death for surgeons. reduction in risk of these infections for surgeons can be achieved by hepatitis b vaccination, better ... | 1993 | 8438997 |
| osha's bloodborne pathogens standard: analysis and recommendations. | just over a year ago, the occupational safety and health administration (osha) issued the final bloodborne pathogens standard, "occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens; final rule," which requires healthcare institutions to protect their employees from all occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens." according to osha, the only criterion for applying the standard is the likelihood of exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials (opims). thus, the standard is designed to ... | 1993 | 8444629 |
| human coagulation factor ix: assessment of thrombogenicity in animal models and viral safety. | thromboembolic complications associated with prothrombin complex concentrate treatment may be related to the high levels of factors ii and x in these products. we report here results from preclinical safety studies with a human coagulation factor ix product (alphanine; alpha therapeutic corp., los angeles, calif.) that contains no detectable factor ii or vii and less than 10 units of factor x/100 units of factor ix. this product was manufactured from virally inactivated factor ix complex with a ... | 1993 | 8445288 |
| false-positive serologic tests for human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i among blood donors following influenza vaccination, 1992. | from october 31 through december 15, 1991, 10 blood donors to the american red cross blood services, badger region (arcbs), were found to have false-positive screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for antibodies to two or more of the following viruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), human t-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (htlv-i), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). an investigation by the division of health, wisconsin department of health and social services (wdoh), and t ... | 1993 | 8446101 |
| viral hepatitis and drugs: a continuing problem. | a seroepidemiological survey of a group of drug abusers has been carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus and hepatitis b virus, hepatitis d virus, hepatitis a virus infection markers in sera, as well as to evaluate the role of potential risk factors. a total of 645 symptomless subjects with a history of injecting heroin were recruited as volunteers from methadone maintenance centres in rome. for all hepatitis viruses the total figures showed high prevalence rates giving cons ... | 1993 | 8449633 |
| viral safety of clotting factor concentrates. | the efforts to reduce the risk of viral disease due to clotting factor concentrates have been quite successful. however, additional steps need to be taken to protect the users of these products. first, all patients should be vaccinated against hepatitis b. second, vaccines against other viruses need to be developed. there is a great deal of interest in an hiv vaccine, and a vaccine against hepatitis c would also be a great boon to the "at risk" population. third, more effective inactivation proc ... | 1993 | 8456324 |
| [autoimmune chronic active hepatitis]. | autoimmune chronic active hepatitis is a rare type of chronic active hepatitis which occurs with a bimodal age distribution (10 to 30 or > or = 50 years) most frequently in women. it is characterized by negative markers for other possible (e.g. viral) etiologies, hypergammaglobulinemia and a number of circulating autoantibodies. according to the latter, several subgroups can be discriminated today. histology shows chronic active hepatitis with chronic, sometimes plasma-cell-rich infiltration of ... | 1993 | 8456413 |
| [hepatitis and hepatocarcinogenesis in the transgenic mice]. | persistent hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is epidemiologically closely associated with the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). a molecular mechanism that would explain the strong epidemiological link of persistent hbv infection with hccs is still open to debate. among hbv carriers, hcc develops only in patients with chronic liver disease, such as chronic active hepatitis, liver fibrosis, or liver cirrhosis. in other words, hepatitis-related proliferative changes, which are ma ... | 1993 | 8464165 |
| ["needlestick" accidents--procedures following potentially infectious exposure in medical personnel]. | accidental exposure to blood carries with it a definite risk for the health care worker of infection by various bloodborne pathogens, especially the hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and human immunodeficiency virus. the risk of transmission from exposure to hiv is lower than that associated with exposure to hbv and hcv. should hiv infection occur, however, the outcome is likely to be fatal. although general infection control precautions, safer use of needles, gloves, and other procedures may substantia ... | 1993 | 8488385 |
| [chronic viral hepatitis: current diagnosis and therapy]. | viral infections are major causes of chronic liver diseases. the etiologic agents are hepatitis b virus (hbv), the hbv-associated hepatitis delta virus (hdv) and hepatitis c (hcv). in general, these viral infections can be specifically identified by serological tests and molecular techniques. the identification of the causative agents is clinically relevant both for epidemiologic-preventive and therapeutic considerations. the therapy of choice for chronic viral hepatitis b or c is interferon-alf ... | 1993 | 8493436 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis c virus infection. | the availability of the anti-hcv assay has confirmed most of the suspicions and predictions regarding the epidemiology of nanb hepatitis virus made before the discovery of hcv. it is now clear that hcv is responsible for the majority of cases of post-transfusion and sporadic nanb hepatitis, as well as of most cases of unidentified chronic liver disease. it seems plausible that hcv may act as a negative co-factor in other chronic liver diseases, especially those caused by alcohol, other hepatitis ... | 1993 | 8509643 |
| [health personnel and viral hepatitis. risk and prevention]. | health care workers are exposed to the risk of viral hepatitis. there has recently been a shift in epidemiology from hepatitis b to hepatitis a, and these subjects are less and less spontaneously immunized before entering their profession; vaccination, therefore, should benefit them. concerning hepatitis b, vaccination has made a huge impact and considerably reduced the number of occupational cases. the occupational risk for hepatitis c virus infection seems to be much lower than the risk for he ... | 1993 | 8511103 |
| chronic hepatitis in multiple virus infection: histopathological evaluation. | the frequency and histological pattern of multiple hepatitis virus infection was studied in 161 italian patients who had consecutively undergone liver biopsy from 1989 to 1991. the histological features were compared with that of infection with a single virus. thirty-nine per cent of patients had evidence of past or present multiple infection, the commonest of which was hepatitis c virus (hcv) in patients with evidence of previous infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv). in general, the severity ... | 1993 | 8514275 |
| prevention of acute and chronic liver disease through immunization: hepatitis b and beyond. | liver disease caused by hepatotrophic viruses imposes a substantial burden on health care resources. persistent infections from hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus, and hepatitis delta virus result in chronic liver disease, while hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus produce a self-limited disease. effective hepatitis b vaccines that provide long-term protection against chronic hbv infection have been available for > 10 years, while inactivated hepatitis a vaccines have recently been sh ... | 1993 | 8515136 |
| human coronavirus oc43 rna 4 lacks two open reading frames located downstream of the s gene of bovine coronavirus. | nucleotide sequences between the spike (s) and membrane (m) protein genes of the oc43 strain of human corona-virus were obtained from pcr-amplified viral mrnas. sequence analysis of this region revealed the presence of two orfs encoding proteins of 12.9 and 9.5 kda. these two proteins were identified as putatively nonstructural (ns) due to their homology to the corresponding bcv ns gene products. northern blot analysis indicated that each of these two genes was present on a separate mrna (5 and ... | 1993 | 8517026 |
| clinical evaluation of viral safety of coagulation factor viii and ix concentrates. | virucidal methods to inactivate infectious agents are based on various methods of heating or chemically treating plasma concentrates of coagulation factors viii and ix used in the treatment of hemophilia a and b. this clinical evaluation of the viral safety of such 'treated' concentrates is mainly based on the prospective study of previously untreated hemophiliacs by means of clinical and serological markers of viral infection. although there have been a few focal episodes of human immunodeficie ... | 1993 | 8517048 |
| use of recombinant protein to identify a motif-negative human cytotoxic t-cell epitope presented by hla-a2 in the hepatitis c virus ns3 region. | to define cytotoxic t-cell (ctl) epitopes, the common approach involving the use of a series of overlapping synthetic peptides covering the whole protein sequence is impractical for large proteins. motifs identify only a fraction of epitopes. to identify human ctl epitopes in the ns3 region of hepatitis c virus (hcv), we modified an approach using recombinant protein and the ability of short peptides to bind to class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules. peripheral blood mononuclea ... | 1996 | 8523531 |
| [viral validation of the bio-globulin production process]. | intravenous human immunoglobulin of domestic production was subjected to validation studies. tests were performed in the system of model viruses for pathogenic factors of the b and c types of hepatitis. for simulated immunoglobulin infections two lipid-enveloped viruses were chosen: the first dna virus pseudorabies pr-75 (model for hbv) and the second-rna virus sindbis (model for hcv). the survival of viruses in particular stages of bio-globulin production was checked, showing that pepsin digest ... | 1995 | 8523973 |
| individuals with antibodies against hepatitis b core antigen as the only serological marker for hepatitis b infection: high percentage of carriers of hepatitis b and c virus. | several reports have unequivocally demonstrated that some individuals with antibodies against hepatitis b core antigen as the only serological marker for hepatitis b infection are chronic carriers of the hepatitis b virus. nevertheless, conflicting data exist about the frequency of this phenomenon; its cause is unknown. | 1995 | 8530804 |
| transcriptional regulation of cellular and viral promoters by the hepatitis c virus core protein. | the genomic region encoding the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein was cloned into a mammalian expression vector to study its role on the transcriptional regulation of cellular proto-oncogene and viral promoters. using a transient transfection assay in human hepatocellular carcinoma (hepg2) cells, we demonstrate that the hcv core protein activates the human c-myc, rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (ltr), and simian virus 40 (sv40) early promoters; and suppresses the c-fos promoter and hu ... | 1995 | 8533458 |
| use of intrinsic and extrinsic helper epitopes for in vivo induction of anti-hepatitis c virus cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) with ctl epitope peptide vaccines. | the induction of virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) is an important part of vaccine strategy. ctl induction in vivo by two hepatitis c virus (hcv) peptides containing ctl epitopes, one from the ns5 region (p17) and one from the core (c7), was compared. p17 required covalent attachment of a helper peptide (pclus3 containing a cluster of epitopes from the human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein), whereas c7 did not. however, the minimal decapeptide of c7, c7a10, alone did not induc ... | 1996 | 8537666 |
| epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis type c in italy. | viral hepatitis type c is of public health importance in all parts of the world. in italy, hepatitis c accounts for approximately 18% of the annually reported cases of acute viral hepatitis. the national rate of acute non-a, non-b hepatitis (the majority of which are hepatitis c) has significantly decreased during the last decades. at present, the onset of the disease occurs more frequently in individuals 15-24 years old, in men more frequently than in women and in persons living in the south of ... | 1995 | 8539486 |
| detection of a 5' utr variation in the hcv genome after a long-term in vitro infection. | the tofe lymphoid cell line from normal human bone marrow is susceptible to infection by a hepatitis c virus (hcv) serum strain. a sequence analysis of the 5' untranslated region (utr) of hcv before and after long-term in vitro infection revealed one base substitution at position -158 (c > t) of the 5' utr. we performed the direct sequencing of 5' utr polymerase chain reaction-amplified sequences of the hcv genome: a) from the original serum-derived strain; b) from tofe cell extracts 6 months po ... | 1995 | 8539491 |
| [the screening of hepatitis virus and its efficacy]. | 1. infection of hepatitis a virus (hav) was prevented with hepatitis a vaccine. high risk groups of hav infection should be inoculated this vaccine because japanese peoples less than 40 years old didn't have immunity for hav. 2. infection of hepatitis e virus (hev) was scarcely observed in japan. 3. infection of hepatitis b virus (hbv) by blood transfusion was eradicated after the screening with anti-hbc antibody for blood donors. and maternal transmissions of hbv and infections of hbv in hospit ... | 1995 | 8551671 |
| antibodies to hcv and htlv-i in a group of hiv-seropositive std patients. | 1995 | 8553160 | |
| persistent hepatitis c virus rna replication in haemophiliacs: role of co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus. | in order to evaluate the evolution of transfusional hepatitis c in haemophiliacs, we performed a retrospective study of alt levels and hcv viraemia with a rna pcr assay in 57 patients. we found that the vast majority of hcv-infected patients remained viraemic (43/57 = 75%) and higher alt levels correlated with hcv viraemia. although indicators of the transfusional viral load (age, severity of haemophilia) and hbv co-infection did not correlate with hcv rna replication, hiv seropositivity was str ... | 1995 | 8555079 |
| hepatitis c virus rna in patients with anti-hcv on hemodialysis. relationship to transaminase levels. | this study was performed in patients with hepatitis c virus (hcv) who were treated with hemodialysis to determine the relationships among alanine amino-transferase (alt) levels, immunoglobulin (ig) g anti-hcv, igm anti-hcv core, and hcv rna. of 107 patients on hemodialysis, 27 had positive igg anti-hcv. eight of the patients who had hcv were evaluated every 8 months during a period of 2 years, using the following selection criteria: positive igg against c-22, c33-c, 5-1-1, and c100-3 viral pepti ... | 1994 | 8555556 |
| markers of hepatitis c and b virus infections among blood donors in ho chi minh city and hanoi, vietnam. | blood donors in two cities in vietnam were tested for markers of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis b virus infections. antibody to hcv was detected by passive hemagglutination with antigens of the second generation in 101 (20.6%) of 491 donors in ho chi minh city; it was detected less frequently (p < 0.001) in donors in hanoi (4 [0.8%] of 499). hcv rna was tested for in donors with antibody by pcr with nested primers from the 5'-noncoding region and detected in 79 donors in ho chi minh city ... | 1994 | 8556478 |
| [relationship between chronic liver diseases and hepatitis c in burundi adults]. | a case/control study was conducted in bujumbura, burundi, from 1991 to 1992 to assess the relationship between chronic liver disease and hepatitis c virus (hcv). patients presenting chronic liver disease (n = 80) were selected based on clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic, and/or endoscopic findings. patients with aids or hepatocellular carcinoma were excluded. controls (n = 159) matched with regard to age and sex were recruited from outpatients who had blood tests at a liver disease clinic. p ... | 1995 | 8559018 |
| molecular cloning and disease association of hepatitis g virus: a transfusion-transmissible agent. | an rna virus, designated hepatitis g virus (hgv), was identified from the plasma of a patient with chronic hepatitis. extension from an immunoreactive complementary dna clone yielded the entire genome (9392 nucleotides) encoding a polyprotein of 2873 amino acids. the virus is closely related to gb virus c (gbv-c) and distantly related to hepatitis c virus, gbv-a, and gbv-b. hgv was associated with acute and chronic hepatitis. persistent viremia was detected for up to 9 years in patients with hep ... | 1996 | 8560265 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus and other blood-borne viruses in pygmies and neighbouring bantus in southern cameroon. | the prevalences of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv), human t lymphotrophic virus (anti-htlv) and of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) were determined in 168 subjects aged 12 years and over (108 pygmies, 60 bantus) living in south cameroon. in 167 subjects, we found an estimated minimal anti-hcv prevalence of 13%. the prevalence was significantly higher in bantus (31.7%) than in pygmies (11.1%) and increased with age in both groups, albeit more ... | 1995 | 8560516 |
| evaluation of a novel serotyping system for hepatitis c virus: strong correlation with standard genotyping methodologies. | direct sequencing and analysis of viral genomes are definitive methods for identifying various hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotypes. however, hcv genome sequencing methods are cumbersome and unsuitable for analyzing large numbers of clinical samples. we have developed a convenient, reliable, and reproducible riba strip immunoblot assay system for determining hcv serotype. briefly, the assay consists of an immunoblot strip on which there are five lanes of immobilized serotype-specific hcv peptides f ... | 1995 | 8576357 |
| unusual course of the hepatitis c virus infection in one patient diagnosed of common variable immunodeficiency. | common variable immunodeficiency (cv1) is defined by low serum igg and iga levels, and it is the second most frequent primary immunodeficiency. the indication for treatment with human gammaglobulin in patients with this syndrome has been well established. here we report a case history of a patient diagnosed of common variable immunodeficiency, and she had treatment with i.v. commercial gammaglobulin. in the course of the disease, she developed symptoms that make us think about the possibility of ... | 1995 | 8579003 |
| immunology of viral hepatitis. | so far, five major forms of viral hepatitis, hepatitis a, b, c, d, and e, have been identified. there appears to be at least one other form of enterically transmitted and one other parenterally transmitted hepatotropic virus, but characterization of these viruses is still preliminary. the five hepatotropic viruses have unique structures, yet all the share the property of inducing hepatocellular damage, whether through direct cytotoxicity or through induction of immune mechanisms that lead to hep ... | 1996 | 8579095 |
| detection by in situ hybridization of hepatitis c virus positive and negative rna strands using digoxigenin-labeled crna probes in human liver cells. | in situ hybridization was performed using crna probes on human liver biopsies to localize both positive and negative rna strands of hepatitis c virus. from the 5' non-coding region of the viral genome, 210 bp, were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and cloned in a plasmid. probes were produced by in vitro transcription, and labeled using digoxigenin-11-utp. positive hcv-rna strands were detected in all 20 of the patients analyzed, whereas negative strands were detected ... | 1995 | 8583137 |
| high efficiency of vertical transmission of hepatitis c virus among babies born to human immunodeficiency virus-negative women. | 1995 | 8584333 | |
| the risks of occupational exposure and infection by human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus in the dialysis setting. italian multicenter study on nosocomial and occupational risk of infections in dialysis. | the dialysis setting has been recognized as a high-risk environment for transmission to both patients and health care personnel of blood-borne infections, such as hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, and hiv. | 1995 | 8585638 |
| status of hepatitis viral markers in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases in northern india. | the present study describes the frequency of hepatitis viral markers in patients with uncomplicated acute viral hepatitis (avh; n = 32) and in patients with severe liver diseases, including those with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf; n = 110), subacute hepatic failure (sahf; n = 65), and chronic active hepatitis (cah; n = 33). the results indicate that hepatitis a virus infection is quite rare, whereas hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections are the predominant causes of ac ... | 1994 | 8586538 |
| efficacy of human leucocyte alpha-interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis c virus infection. | a total of 42 swedish patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection were treated with a natural human leucocyte alpha-interferon (huifn-alpha-le), alfanative (bionative ab, umeå, sweden) in an open uncontrolled study. two patients were withdrawn from treatment within 2 weeks due to non-compliance and were omitted from further analysis, and 40 patients (17 females), mean age 39 years (range 24-71) completed the study. all patients were hcv rna-positive in serum prior to tr ... | 1995 | 8588128 |
| hepaxpert-iii: knowledge-based interpretation of serologic tests for hepatitis a, b, c, and d. | 1. the hepaxpert-iii system. hepaxpert-iii--the successor of hepaxpert-i[1] and hepaxpert-ii [2]--is a routinely-used, integrated medical database and knowledge-based system that stores and interprets the results of serologic tests for infection with hepatitis a, b, c, and d viruses. the following tests are included: anti-hav, igm anti-hav, and hav in stool; hbsag, anti-hbs, anti-hbc, igm anti-hbc, hbeag, anti-hbe, and anti-hbs titre; anti-hcv, hcv-immunoblot, and hcv-pcr; delta-ag and anti-delt ... | 1995 | 8591543 |
| hepatitis c virus: detection of intracellular virus particles by electron microscopy. | we previously demonstrated that a human t-cell line, hpbma10-2 derived from hpball, was capable of supporting a productive infection of hepatitis c virus (hcv). we subsequently found daudi cells, a human b-cell line, to be susceptible to hcv infection. employing these cell lines infected with hcv as well as liver obtained during the acute phase of hepatitis c from a chimpanzee, we observed intracellular hcv particles by electron microscopy (em). we detected viruslike particles with a diameter of ... | 1996 | 8591842 |
| incidence of rejection and infection after liver transplantation as a function of the primary disease: possible influence of alcohol and polyclonal immunoglobulins. | a retrospective analysis was undertaken to determine if the incidence, timing, and severity of acute and chronic rejection were influenced by the primary disease necessitating transplantation. of the 875 liver transplantations performed between 1984 and 1992, 768 were primary transplantations and 107 were retransplantations. among the former, 330 patients that were liver transplant recipients for a chronic liver disease without cancer in the native liver received an abo-compatible and cross-matc ... | 1996 | 8591847 |
| effect of interferon alfa on the dynamics of hepatitis c virus turnover in vivo. | in about 30% to 40% of patients with chronic hepatitis c, treatment with recombinant interferon alfa (r-ifn alpha) causes a decrease of serum aminotransferases and hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna. the antiviral mechanism of interferon alfa (ifn alpha) in vivo is unknown. from serial measurements of serum hcv-rna concentrations following ifn alpha induced perturbation of the balance between virus production and clearance, we obtained kinetic information on the pretreatment steady-state of hcv. in pat ... | 1996 | 8591865 |
| demographic determinants of hepatitis c virus seroprevalence among blood donors. | to measure demographic determinants of hepatitis c virus (hcv) seroprevalence among blood donors in the united states. | 1996 | 8596257 |
| [immunopathology of chronic liver diseases]. | chronic inflammatory liver diseases can be induced by virus infections, toxic-metabolic factors and/or autoimmune mechanisms. this overview deals with the immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis b and c and autoimmune hepatitis (aih). 1. chronic hepatitis b: the immune response to hbv-antigens is responsible both for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during hbv-infection. the humoral immune response to hbsag contributes to the clearance of circulating virus particles, the cell mediated im ... | 1995 | 8600684 |