Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| antibiotic consumption and antibiotic stewardship in swedish hospitals. | the aim of this paper was to describe and analyze the effect of antibiotic policy changes on antibiotic consumption in swedish hospitals and to review antibiotic stewardship in swedish hospitals. | 2014 | 24724823 |
| fulminant colitis from clostridium difficile infection, the epidemic strain ribotype 027, in japan. | in december 2012, a 32-year-old woman with no previous medical history and no previous antibiotic treatment had a fever and diarrhea 2 days after a cesarean section in which cefazolin was used as a prophylactic antimicrobial agent. she was transferred to our hospital 5 days after the cesarean for severe colitis. a rapid test of stool for clostridium difficile toxin a and b was positive. although oral vancomycin (0.5-2.0 g/day) and intravenous immunoglobulin (5 g/day) were administered after her ... | 2014 | 24726377 |
| identification and characterization of a gene cluster required for proper rod shape, cell division, and pathogenesis in clostridium difficile. | little is known about cell division in clostridium difficile, a strict anaerobe that causes serious diarrheal diseases in people whose normal intestinal microbiome has been perturbed by treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. here we identify and characterize a gene cluster encoding three cell division proteins found only in c. difficile and a small number of closely related bacteria. these proteins were named mlda, mldb, and mldc, for midcell localizing division proteins. mlda is predicted t ... | 2014 | 24727226 |
| design and in vitro evaluation of a novel poly(methacrylic acid)/metronidazole antibacterial nanogel as an oral dosage form. | to overcome the undesirable side-effects of metronidazole (mtz), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is used as the cross-linker, and a series of poly(methacrylic acid) (pmaa) nanogels were prepared to load the mtz. we investigated the morphology, size, in vitro release property in the simulated gastrointestinal medium, long-term antibacterial performance against bacteroides fragilis, cytotoxicity, stability and activity of this novel mtz/pmaa nanogel. the results indicate that the mtz/pmaa nanogel s ... | 2014 | 24727529 |
| clinical update for the diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) presents a rapidly evolving challenge in the battle against hospital-acquired infections. recent advances in cdi diagnosis and management include rapid changes in diagnostic approach with the introduction of newer tests, such as detection of glutamate dehydrogenase in stool and polymerase chain reaction to detect the gene for toxin production, which will soon revolutionize the diagnostic approach to cdi. new medications and multiple medical society guideline ... | 2014 | 24729930 |
| [the use of two-stage algorithm in the diagnosis of patients with low levels of clostridium difficile toxins a/b in feces confirmed by using enzyme immunoassay]. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a serious problem in hospitalized patients. rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis is the key to reducing of cdi. the suboptimal sensitivity and specificity of many commercial enzyme immunoassays have limited their utility. the aim of this study was analysis of faecal samples obtained from patients with clinical evidence of cdi, with non-detectable or questionable result of toxins a/b c. difficile recognized by toxins a/b eia test. | 2013 | 24730214 |
| epidemiological factors influencing the development of relapsing and severe clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is currently the most frequent cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea in adults in the developed countries. the goal of the study was to evaluate risk factors for relapsing and severe cdi in a set of patients hospitalized at the clinic of infectious diseases at the university hospital brno. | 2014 | 24730991 |
| epidemic clostridium difficile strains demonstrate increased competitive fitness compared to nonepidemic isolates. | clostridium difficile infection is the most common cause of severe cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) and is a significant health burden. recent increases in the rate of c. difficile infection have paralleled the emergence of a specific phylogenetic clade of c. difficile strains (ribotype 027; north american pulsed-field electrophoresis 1 [nap1]; restriction endonuclease analysis [rea] group bi). initial reports indicated that ribotype 027 strains were associated with increased morbid ... | 2014 | 24733099 |
| [dynamics of contamination and persistence of clostridium difficile in intestinal microbiota in newborn infants during antibiotic therapy and use of probiotic strain enterococcus faecium l3]. | ninety four infants were observed as inpatients. thirty nine of them were mature neonates and 55 were premature infants with a very low body weight. the majority of the patients were treated with antibiotics. the mature infants were treated with penicillins, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins and the premature neonates were treated in addition with carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides. the mature infants were randomized into 2 groups: the control group (n=18) received the standard therapy a ... | 2013 | 24734423 |
| managing clostridium difficile infection in hospitalised patients. | checklists are not a new phenomenon and have been used in the aviation industry for some time as a means of ensuring safety and minimising harm. checklists are now used commonly in health care to improve patient safety. this article describes the development and integration of a daily review checklist process to support the care and management of patients with clostridium difficile infection in one nhs trust hospital. the aim of the checklist is to assist staff in early recognition of disease se ... | 2016 | 24734836 |
| lrp1 is a receptor for clostridium perfringens tpel toxin indicating a two-receptor model of clostridial glycosylating toxins. | large glycosylating toxins are major virulence factors of various species of pathogenic clostridia. prototypes are clostridium difficile toxins a and b, which cause antibiotics-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. the current model of the toxins' action suggests that receptor binding is mediated by a c-terminal domain of combined repetitive oligopeptides (crop). this model is challenged by the glycosylating clostridium perfringens large cytotoxin (tpel toxin) that is devoid of the c ... | 2014 | 24737893 |
| outbreak of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 027--the recent experience of a regional hospital. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea, and several outbreaks with increased severity and mortality have been reported. in this study we report a c. difficile pcr ribotype 027 outbreak in portugal, aiming to contribute to a better knowledge of the epidemiology of this agent in europe. | 2014 | 24739945 |
| clostridium difficile epidemic outbreak in an oncology unit. | contributions to the knowledge of some peculiarities of c. difficile involvement in human pathology, nosocomial infections (ni) included. | 2014 | 24741794 |
| donor fecal transfer for recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in heart transplantation. | 2014 | 24742697 | |
| [a case of severe enteritis induced by adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer]. | a 77-year-old man underwent surgery for sigmoid colon cancer. he was diagnosed with stage iiia colon cancer; there- fore, we initiated oral administration of adjuvant chemotherapy comprising uracil/tegafur(uft)plus leucovorin(lv). however, chemotherapy was stopped after 21 days because of fatigue and diarrhea. he recovered after 3 weeks, and we administered the same regimen with a dose reduction. however, he again experienced fatigue and diarrhea after 20 days; therefore, chemotherapy was discon ... | 2014 | 24743369 |
| effectiveness of deep cleaning followed by hydrogen peroxide decontamination during high clostridium difficile infection incidence. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remains an infection control challenge, especially when environmental spore contamination and suboptimal cleaning may increase transmission risk. | 2014 | 24746230 |
| disinfecting the ipad: evaluating effective methods. | tablet computers are increasingly used in healthcare, but they may carry nosocomial pathogens. there are few data available on how to clean an ipad effectively for use in the clinical setting. | 2014 | 24746231 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for management of clostridium difficile infection. | the widespread use of antibiotics has led clostridium difficile infection (cdi) to become a common problem with pronounced medical and economic effects. the recurrence of cdi after treatment with standard antibiotics is becoming more common with the emergence of more resistant strains of c. difficile. as cdi is an antibiotic-associated disease, further treatment with antibiotic is best avoided. as the gut flora is severely disturbed in cdi, approaches that restore the gut microbiota may become g ... | 2014 | 24748025 |
| clostridium difficile in a children's hospital: assessment of environmental contamination. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most frequent infectious cause of health care-associated diarrhea. three cases of cdi, in children age 2, 3, and 14 years, occurred in the hematology/oncology ward of our children's hospital over 48 hours. we aimed to assess environmental contamination with c difficile in the shared areas of this unit, and to determine whether person-to-person transmission occurred. c difficile was recovered from 5 of 18 samples (28%). we compared c difficile isolated ... | 2014 | 24751141 |
| characteristics of clostridium difficile colonization in japanese children. | in children, asymptomatic colonization with clostridium difficile is well known, but its prevalence in japanese children is not fully understood. the objective of this study was to determine the colonization rate of c. difficile and to identify the risk factors for c. difficile colonization in japanese children. single fecal samples were prospectively collected from children hospitalized in saitama city hospital between august 1, 2012, and march 31, 2013. samples were obtained from neonates, at ... | 2014 | 24751233 |
| strain types and antimicrobial resistance patterns of clostridium difficile isolates from the united states, 2011 to 2013. | we determined the pcr ribotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 508 toxigenic clostridium difficile isolates collected between 2011 and 2013 from 32 u.s. hospitals. of the 29 pcr ribotypes identified, the 027 strain type was the most common (28.1%), although the rates varied by geographic region. ribotype 014/020 isolates appear to be emerging. clindamycin and moxifloxacin resistances (36.8% and 35.8%, respectively) were the most frequent resistance phenotypes observed. reduced susc ... | 2014 | 24752264 |
| the effect of new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome (nnpds) on average daily gain and mortality in 4 danish pig herds. | the study evaluated the effect of new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome (nnpds) on average daily gain (adg) and mortality and described the clinical manifestations in four herds suffering from the syndrome. nnpds is a diarrhoeic syndrome affecting piglets within the first week of life, which is not caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) type a/c, clostridium difficile (c. difficile), rotavirus a, coronavirus, cystoisospora suis, strongyloide ... | 2014 | 24755093 |
| epidemiology and outcomes of community-acquired clostridium difficile infections in medicare beneficiaries. | the incidence of community-acquired clostridium difficile (cacd) is increasing in the united states. many cacd infections occur in the elderly, who are predisposed to poor outcomes. we aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of cacd in a nationally representative sample of medicare beneficiaries. | 2014 | 24755188 |
| prevalence and risk factors for asymptomatic clostridium difficile carriage. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) incidence has increased dramatically over the last decade. recent studies suggest that asymptomatic carriers may be an important reservoir of c. difficile in healthcare settings. we sought to identify the prevalence and risk factors for asymptomatic c. difficile carriage on admission to the hospital. | 2014 | 24755858 |
| epidemiological surveillance of bacterial nosocomial infections in the surgical intensive care unit. | intensive care units (icus) are associated with a greater risk of developing nosocomial infections (nis) than other departments. | 2014 | 24757393 |
| recombinant clostridium difficile toxin fragments as carrier protein for psii surface polysaccharide preserve their neutralizing activity. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive bacterium and is the most commonly diagnosed cause of hospital-associated and antimicrobial-associated diarrhea. despite the emergence of epidemic c. difficile strains having led to an increase in the incidence of the disease, a vaccine against this pathogen is not currently available. c. difficile strains produce two main toxins (tcda and tcdb) and express three highly complex cell-surface polysaccharides (psi, psii and psiii). psii is the more abundantl ... | 2014 | 24759173 |
| molecular test based on isothermal helicase-dependent amplification for detection of the clostridium difficile toxin a gene. | the amplivue clostridium difficile assay and a glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh)-illumigene algorithm were evaluated using 308 diarrheal stool specimens of patients suspected of having c. difficile infection. compared to the enriched toxigenic culture method, the sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values of the amplivue c. difficile assay and the gdh-illumigene-based algorithm were 91.7% (95% confidence interval [ci], 76.4 to 97.8), 100% (95% ci, 98.3 to 100), 100% (9 ... | 2014 | 24759714 |
| prevalence and duration of asymptomatic clostridium difficile carriage among healthy subjects in pittsburgh, pennsylvania. | previous studies suggested that 7 to 15% of healthy adults are colonized with toxigenic clostridium difficile. to investigate the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and duration of c. difficile colonization in asymptomatic persons, we recruited healthy adults from the general population in allegheny county, pennsylvania. participants provided epidemiological and dietary intake data and submitted stool specimens. the presence of c. difficile in stool specimens was determined by anaerobic culture. s ... | 2014 | 24759727 |
| overview of clostridium difficile infection: implications for china. | the incidence and severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have dramatically increased in the western world in recent years. in contrast, cdi is rarely reported in china, possibly due to under-diagnosis. this article briefly summarizes cdi incidence, management and preventive strategies. the authors intend to raise awareness of this disease among chinese physicians and health workers, in order to minimize the medical and economic burden of a potential epidemic in the future. | 2013 | 24759960 |
| fecal microbiota transplant for relapsing clostridium difficile infection using a frozen inoculum from unrelated donors: a randomized, open-label, controlled pilot study. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) with poor response to standard antimicrobial therapy is a growing medical concern. we aimed to investigate the outcomes of fecal microbiota transplant (fmt) for relapsing cdi using a frozen suspension from unrelated donors, comparing colonoscopic and nasogastric tube (ngt) administration. | 2014 | 24762631 |
| multiple pulmonary nodules: a complex case of wegener's granulomatosis. | wegener's granulomatosis is a granulomatous vasculitis that can present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. this disease entity predominantly affects the respiratory tract and the kidneys. two forms of wegener's granulomatosis have been recognized: systemic and limited. it has not been established if the two forms represent separate disease entities or different stages of the same condition. in the limited form of wegener's granulomatosis there is no immediate threat to the function ... | 2013 | 24765494 |
| transplant related outcomes in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplant with clostridium difficile associated diarrhea. | 2015 | 24766526 | |
| findings of a hospital surveillance-based outcome evaluation study for clostridium difficile-associated colitis. | we completed a prospective study of 164 patients involved in a clostridium difficile surveillance programme, evaluating a range of variables such as disease severity, treatment regimen and known clinical risk factors, for their effect on case lethality. the aim of this study was to determine if there are any additional clinical variables worth considering for inclusion in the therapeutic decision-making process. beyond common risk factors, secondary immunodeficiencies such as diabetes mellitus, ... | 2014 | 24766614 |
| challenges in the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | 2014 | 24768590 | |
| chemoprophylaxis of clostridium difficile infections in high-risk hospitalized patients. | 2014 | 24768812 | |
| international typing study of clostridium difficile. | we report the results of an international clostridium difficile typing study to cross reference strain designations for seven typing methodologies and facilitate inter-laboratory communication. four genotypic and three phenotypic methods were used to type 100 isolates and compare the results to 39 pcr ribotypes identified among the collection. | 2014 | 24768986 |
| environmental cleaning resources and activities in canadian acute care hospitals. | environmental cleaning interventions have increased cleaning effectiveness and reduced antibiotic-resistant organisms in hospitals. this study examined cleaning in canadian acute care hospitals with the goal of developing strategies to improve cleaning and reduce antibiotic-resistant organism rates. | 2014 | 24773787 |
| outcomes of a ventilator-associated pneumonia bundle on rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and other health care-associated infections in a long-term acute care hospital setting. | long-term trends in ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) rates, and other health care-associated infections, were examined prior to, during, and after introduction of a vap bundle in a long-term acute care hospital setting. vap incidence rate declined in a step-wise fashion and reached a null value. incidence rates of bacteremia from any cause declined in a similar fashion. the incidence rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization or in ... | 2014 | 24773791 |
| changes in the incidence of health care-associated pathogens at a university hospital from 2005 to 2011. | data on health care-associated infections (hais) outside of intensive care units (icu) are scarce. we assessed hospital-wide changes in the incidence of health care-associated pathogens by infection site and by service between 2005 and 2011. | 2014 | 24775560 |
| the role and influence of gut microbiota in pathogenesis and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome. | the obesity epidemic has drastically impacted the state of health care in the united states. aside from poor diet hygiene and genetics, there are many other factors thought to play a role in the emergence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. there has been a paradigm shift toward further investigating the gut microbiota and its implications in the pathogenesis of a variety of disease states, including inflammatory bowel disease, clostridium difficile, and most recently obesity and the metaboli ... | 2014 | 24778627 |
| a prospective study of community-associated clostridium difficile infections: the role of antibiotics and co-infections. | this prospective study was performed to determine the incidence, risk factors, severity and outcomes of community-associated clostridium difficile infection (ca-cdi) in the se of scotland. | 2014 | 24780765 |
| clostridium difficile infection diagnosis in a paediatric population: comparison of methodologies. | the increasing incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in paediatric hospitalised populations, combined with the emergence of hypervirulent strains, community-acquired cdi and the need for prompt treatment and infection control, makes the rapid, accurate diagnosis of cdi crucial. we validated commonly used c. difficile diagnostic tests in a paediatric hospital population. from october 2011 to january 2012, 150 consecutive stools were collected from 75 patients at a tertiary paediatric ... | 2014 | 24781004 |
| editorial commentary: clostridium difficile in pediatric oncology patients: more questions than answers. | 2014 | 24785232 | |
| high colonization rate and prolonged shedding of clostridium difficile in pediatric oncology patients. | surveillance testing for clostridium difficile among pediatric oncology patients identified stool colonization in 29% of patients without gastrointestinal symptoms and in 55% of patients with prior c. difficile infection (cdi). a high prevalence of c. difficile colonization and diarrhea complicates the diagnosis of cdi in this population. | 2014 | 24785235 |
| essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of angelica archangelica l. (apiaceae) roots. | in this paper, the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of angelica archangelica l. (apiaceae) roots from central italy were analyzed. the major constituents of the oil were α-pinene (21.3%), δ-3-carene (16.5%), limonene (16.4%) and α-phellandrene (8.7%). the oil shows a good antimicrobial activity against clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens, enterococcus faecalis, eubacterium limosum, peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and candida albicans with minimum ... | 2014 | 24788027 |
| the prevalence of clostridium difficile infection in pediatric and adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | adults with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) have a high prevalence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). cdi in children with ibd may differ from adults. we aim to compare the prevalence of cdi in hospitalized pediatric and adult ibd patients and patients without ibd. | 2014 | 24788321 |
| comparison of planktonic and biofilm-associated communities of clostridium difficile and indigenous gut microbiota in a triple-stage chemostat gut model. | biofilms are characteristic of some chronic or recurrent infections and this mode of growth tends to reduce treatment efficacy. clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is associated with a high rate of recurrent symptomatic disease. the presence and behaviour of c. difficile within intestinal biofilms remains largely unexplored, but may factor in recurrent infection. | 2014 | 24788662 |
| antibodies for treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | antibodies for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have been demonstrated to be effective in the research and clinical environments. early uncertainties about molecular and treatment modalities now appear to have converged upon the systemic dosing of mixtures of human igg1. although multiple examples of high-potency monoclonal antibodies (mabs) exist, significant difficulties were initially encountered in their discovery. this minireview describes historical and contemporary m ... | 2014 | 24789799 |
| evaluation of a rapid membrane enzyme immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | we evaluated the new c. diff quik chek complete (cd complete; techlab, usa), which is a rapid membrane enzyme immunoassay that uses a combination of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) antigen and toxin a and b detection. a total of 608 consecutive loose stool specimens collected from the patients with suspected clostridium difficile infection (cdi) from august to december 2012 were subjected to the cd complete and vidas clostridium difficile a & b (vidas cdab; biomérieux, france). their performances ... | 2014 | 24790912 |
| clinical and microbiological characterization of clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care hospital in shanghai, china. | over the last decade, clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has emerged as a significant nosocomial infection, yet little has been reported from china. this study aimed to characterize the clinical and microbiological features of cdi from a hospital in shanghai. | 2014 | 24791861 |
| fecal transplant for recurrent clostridium difficile infection in children with and without inflammatory bowel disease. | ten children at our institution received single-infusion fecal microbiome transplant (fmt) using healthy, related screened donor stool to treat recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) via nasogastric tube (2 patients) or colonoscopic delivery. nine of the 10 (90%) children had resolution of their symptoms after a single-infusion fmt with follow-up of 1 month to 4 years. no concerning related adverse events were recognized during short- or long-term follow-up. three of these children had ... | 2014 | 24792627 |
| clostridium difficile colonization and disease in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | there was an increase in the clostridium difficile infection (cdi) rate in our bone marrow transplantation unit. to evaluate the role of unit-based transmission, c. difficile screening was performed on adult patients admitted for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) over a 2-year period, and c. difficile isolates were typed. c. difficile testing was performed using a 2-step c. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase antigen plus toxin a/b enzyme immunoassay (eia) and cytotoxin assay (or mole ... | 2014 | 24792871 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction correlates well with clinical diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | to determine the clinical utility of a rapid molecular assay for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in an acute hospital setting. | 2014 | 24795170 |
| fecal microbial therapy: promises and pitfalls. | a rapidly expanding range of diverse human diseases is now associated with perturbations to the gastrointestinal microbiome. fecal microbial transplant (fmt) has been used with high rates of efficacy to treat gastrointestinal microbiome perturbation associated with recurrent clostridium difficile infection, and is now being considered for other indications. here we discuss the gut microbiome, review published and ongoing studies using fmt as a treatment modality for human disease, consider the r ... | 2014 | 24796803 |
| practical approaches to probiotics use. | probiotics are microorganisms exerting beneficial effects on the host. they can be ingested through foods or supplements and their inclusion in these products is regulated in canada by the health canada health products and food branch. the aim of this article is to summarize current evidence from randomized controlled trials and guidelines from health canada, the world health organization, and internationally recognized expert committees in the hope that it will help practitioners and profession ... | 2014 | 24797031 |
| impact of a change in antibacterial prophylaxis on bacteremia and hospitalization rates following outpatient autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. | levofloxacin is routinely used for the prevention of invasive bacterial infections during autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (apbsct). however, increasing rates of bacterial sepsis were noted at our institution among multiple myeloma (mm) patients undergoing outpatient apbsct with melphalan-based chemotherapy and levofloxacin prophylaxis. we assessed the impact of a change in antibacterial prophylaxis from oral levofloxacin (period 1) to sequential oral levofloxacin followed b ... | 2014 | 24797543 |
| surotomycin demonstrates low in vitro frequency of resistance and rapid bactericidal activity in clostridium difficile, enterococcus faecalis, and enterococcus faecium. | surotomycin (cb-183,315) is an orally administered, minimally absorbed, selective bactericidal cyclic lipopeptide in phase 3 development for the treatment of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. the aim of this study was to evaluate the emergence of resistance in c. difficile (atcc 700057 and three recent clinical isolates from the restriction endonuclease analysis groups bi, bk, and k), vancomycin-susceptible (vs) enterococcus faecalis (atcc 49452), vancomycin-resistant (vr) e. faecalis ( ... | 2014 | 24798273 |
| editorial commentary: the trials and tribulations of treating clostridium difficile infection-one step backward, one step forward, but still progress. | 2014 | 24799325 | |
| vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for clostridium difficile infection: results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common complication of antibiotic therapy that is treated with antibiotics, contributing to ongoing disruption of the colonic microbiota and cdi recurrence. two multinational trials were conducted to compare the efficacy of tolevamer, a nonantibiotic, toxin-binding polymer, with vancomycin and metronidazole. | 2014 | 24799326 |
| occurrence of clostridium difficile pcr-ribotype 027 and it's closely related pcr-ribotype 176 in hospitals in poland in 2008-2010. | since 2003, a rising incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in north america and europe has coincided with outbreaks of c. difficile pcr ribotype 027. this ribotype was not observed in poland until 2008. in the period 2008-2010, outbreaks of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea occurred in three different hospitals in poland. of 30 c. difficile isolates available for microbiological characterisation, 17 (56%) were positive for binary toxin genes and belonged to pcr ribotype 027 (n = 7) an ... | 2014 | 24799338 |
| strategies to prevent clostridium difficile infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. | 2014 | 24799639 | |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of asymptomatic clostridium difficile colonization and rising c. difficile-associated disease rates. | to evaluate the accuracy of real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) detection, after hospital cdad rates significantly increased following real-time pcr initiation for cdad diagnosis. | 2014 | 24799643 |
| urinary tract infections: leading initiatives in selecting empiric outpatient treatment (utilise). | overuse of fluoroquinolone antibiotics is associated with outbreaks of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and increasing resistance in gram-negative organisms. over the past decade, resistance of escherichia coli to ciprofloxacin has increased in the regina qu'appelle health region. in august 2011, an exploratory audit of the regina general hospital (rgh) emergency department showed that 20% of new antibiotic orders were for fluoroquinolo ... | 2014 | 24799721 |
| microbiome data distinguish patients with clostridium difficile infection and non-c. difficile-associated diarrhea from healthy controls. | antibiotic usage is the most commonly cited risk factor for hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infections (cdi). the increased risk is due to disruption of the indigenous microbiome and a subsequent decrease in colonization resistance by the perturbed bacterial community; however, the specific changes in the microbiome that lead to increased risk are poorly understood. we developed statistical models that incorporated microbiome data with clinical and demographic data to better understand w ... | 2014 | 24803517 |
| ulcerative colitis worsened after clostridium difficile infection: efficacy of infliximab. | the incidence of clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection (cdi) is 1.8%-5.7% in admitted patients with ulcerative colitis (uc). cdi can worsen uc and increase the risk for colectomy or even death, thus necessitating therapy escalation, such as increasing the corticoid therapy or starting a biologic treatment. several reported cases with infliximab therapy have provided favorable outcomes in uc patients with cdi, suggesting that infliximab treatment may be protective; however, the optimal i ... | 2014 | 24803831 |
| a review of the economics of treating clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a costly result of antibiotic use, responsible for an estimated 14,000 deaths annually in the usa according to the centers for disease control and prevention. annual costs attributable to cdi are in excess of $us 1 billion. this review summarizes appropriate utilization of prevention and treatment methods for cdi that have the potential to reduce the economic and humanistic costs of the disease. some cost-effective strategies to prevent cdi include screen ... | 2014 | 24807468 |
| clostridium difficile phages: still difficult? | phages that infect clostridium difficile were first isolated for typing purposes in the 1980s, but their use was short lived. however, the rise of c. difficile epidemics over the last decade has triggered a resurgence of interest in using phages to combat this pathogen. phage therapy is an attractive treatment option for c. difficile infection, however, developing suitable phages is challenging. in this review we summarize the difficulties faced by researchers in this field, and we discuss the s ... | 2014 | 24808893 |
| relative incidences and outcomes of clostridium difficile infection following transplantation of unrelated cord blood, unrelated bone marrow, and related peripheral blood in adult patients: a single institute study. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. the incidence and prognosis of c. difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) has not yet been assessed in adult patients after unrelated cord blood transplantation (ucbt). | 2014 | 24810244 |
| clostridium difficile spores: a major threat to the hospital environment. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobic spore former and is an important nosocomial and community-acquired pathogenic bacterium. c. difficile infections (cdi) are a leading cause of infections worldwide with elevated rates of morbidity. despite the fact that two major virulence factors, the enterotoxin tcda and the cytotoxin tcdb, are essential in the development of cdi, c. difficile spores are the main vehicle of infection, and persistence and transmission of cdi and are thought to ... | 2014 | 24810347 |
| clostridium difficile as a cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea among children in auckland, new zealand: clinical and molecular epidemiology. | we aimed to determine the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), the molecular epidemiology of circulating c. difficile strains and risk factors for cdi among hospitalised children in the auckland region. a cross-sectional study was undertaken of hospitalised children <15 years of age in two hospitals investigated for healthcare-associated diarrhoea between november 2011 and june 2012. stool specimens were analysed for the presence of c. difficile using a two-step testing algorithm ... | 2014 | 24810967 |
| response to p. destrez concerning g.j. hughes et al.: impact of cleaning and other interventions on the reduction of hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infections in two hospitals in england assessed using a breakpoint model. | 2014 | 24811116 | |
| clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with clostridium difficile infection diagnosed by pcr versus a three-step algorithm. | clinical features of clostridium difficile infections (cdi) detected by pcr, but not by conventional methods, are poorly understood. we compared the clinical features of cdi cases detected by pcr only and cases detected by both pcr and a three-step algorithm. we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients fulfilling a standardized definition over a 13-month period. stool specimens were tested in parallel by pcr and an algorithm based on enzyme immunoassay and cytotoxicity assay (eia/cca). ... | 2014 | 24813402 |
| expert panel evaluation of health information technology effects on adverse events. | adverse events (aes) among hospitalized patients occur frequently and result in significant sequelae. federal policy is incentivizing health information technology (hit) use, although research demonstrating safety benefits from hit is mixed. our objective was to evaluate the potential effects of hit on reducing 21 different inpatient aes. identifying aes most likely to be reduced by hit can inform the design of future studies evaluating its effectiveness. | 2014 | 24813820 |
| colonic marbling in clostridium difficile pancolitis. | 2014 | 24814091 | |
| clostridium difficile spore biology: sporulation, germination, and spore structural proteins. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming obligate anaerobe and a major nosocomial pathogen of worldwide concern. owing to its strict anaerobic requirements, the infectious and transmissible morphotype is the dormant spore. in susceptible patients, c. difficile spores germinate in the colon to form the vegetative cells that initiate clostridium difficile infections (cdi). during cdi, c. difficile induces a sporulation pathway that produces more spores; these spores are responsible ... | 2014 | 24814671 |
| hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infections: estimating all-cause mortality and length of stay. | clostridium difficile is a health care-associated infection of increasing importance. the purpose of this study was to estimate the time until death from any cause and time until release among patients with c. difficile, comparing the burden of those in the intensive care unit (icu) with those in the general hospital population. | 2014 | 24815305 |
| funding healthcare-associated infection research: a systematic analysis of uk research investments, 1997-2010. | healthcare-associated infections (hcais) are a cause of high health and economic burden in the uk. the number of hcai research studies funded in the uk, and the associated amount of investment, has not previously been analysed. | 2014 | 24815767 |
| efficacy of surotomycin in an in vitro gut model of clostridium difficile infection. | we investigated the efficacy of the cyclic lipopeptide surotomycin in treating clindamycin-induced clostridium difficile infection (cdi) using an in vitro gut model. | 2014 | 24816211 |
| statins use and risk of mortality in patient with clostridium difficile infection. | current evidence suggests that statins may improve outcome in infectious diseases. this study aims to assess whether statins use is associated with reduced risk of 30-day mortality in clostridium difficile infection (cdi). using the computerized database of clalit, the largest healthcare provider in israel, we identified a cohort of adult subjects (age ≥40 years) who tested positive on a c. difficile toxin assay performed between january 2011 and december 2012. subjects were defined as current s ... | 2014 | 24816303 |
| identification and characterization of glycoproteins on the spore surface of clostridium difficile. | in this study, we identify a major spore surface protein, bcla, and provide evidence that this protein is glycosylated. following extraction of the spore surface, solubilized proteins were separated by one-dimensional page and stained with glycostain to reveal a reactive high-molecular-mass region of approximately 600 kda. tandem mass spectrometry analysis of in-gel digests showed this band to contain peptides corresponding to a putative exosporangial glycoprotein (bcla3) and identified a number ... | 2014 | 24816601 |
| antimicrobial prophylaxis for colorectal surgery. | research shows that administration of prophylactic antibiotics before colorectal surgery prevents postoperative surgical wound infection. the best antibiotic choice, timing of administration and route of administration remain undetermined. | 2014 | 24817514 |
| [saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in an elderly patient following probiotic treatment]. | saccharomyces cerevisiae, known as baker's yeast, is also used as a probiotic agent to treat gastroenteritis by modulating the endogenous flora and immune system. however, since there have been increasing reports of fungemia due to s.cerevisiae and its subspecies s.boulardii, it is recommended that probiotics should be cautiously used in immunosuppressed patients, people with underlying diseases and low-birth weight babies. to emphasize this phenomenon, in this report, a case of s.cerevisiae fun ... | 2014 | 24819274 |
| clinical characteristics of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea in a university hospital in china. | the purpose of this study was to identify clinical characteristics of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad). a prospective study was conducted among patients hospitalized in fudan university hospital huashan from august 1, 2012 to july 31, 2013. toxigenic c. difficile isolates were characterized by pcr ribotyping and multilocus sequence typing. aad developed in 1.0 % (206/20437) of the antibiotic-treated hospitalized patients and toxigenic c. ... | 2014 | 24820293 |
| mechanism of action and epitopes of clostridium difficile toxin b-neutralizing antibody bezlotoxumab revealed by x-ray crystallography. | the symptoms of clostridium difficile infections are caused by two exotoxins, tcda and tcdb, which target host colonocytes by binding to unknown cell surface receptors, at least in part via their combined repetitive oligopeptide (crop) domains. a combination of the anti-tcda antibody actoxumab and the anti-tcdb antibody bezlotoxumab is currently under development for the prevention of recurrent c. difficile infections. we demonstrate here through various biophysical approaches that bezlotoxumab ... | 2014 | 24821719 |
| comparison of maldi-tof ms, gene sequencing and the vitek 2 for identification of seventy-three clinical isolates of enteropathogens. | this study was performed to evaluate the analytical and practical performance of the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) compared to the sequencing method and the vitek 2 system for identification of enteropathogens in the clinical microbiology laboratory. | 2014 | 24822116 |
| analysis of clostridium difficile infections after cardiac surgery: epidemiologic and economic implications from national data. | clostridium difficile infections (cdis) have increased during the past 2 decades, especially among cardiac surgical patients, who share many of the comorbidity risk factors for cdi. our objectives were to use a large national database to identify the regional-, hospital-, patient-, and procedure-level risk factors for cdi; and determine mortality, resource usage, and cost of cdis in cardiac surgery. | 2014 | 24823282 |
| fulminant clostridium difficile enteritis causing abdominal compartment syndrome. | clostridium difficile infection of the small bowel, or c. difficile enteritis (cde), is an uncommon condition. cases reported previously have been described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), compromised immune systems, or a history of colectomy or small bowel surgery. | 2014 | 24824419 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation in treating clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an increasingly common and severe international health problem. customary treatment of this infection, usually with antibiotics, is often ineffective and its recurrence is common. in recent years the treatment of recurrent or refractory cdi by the transfer of stool from an uninfected person, so called fecal "microbiota transplantation" has become recognized as effective and generally safe. the effectiveness of this novel treatment is incompletely defined ... | 2014 | 24825534 |
| use of bacillus subtilis pxn21 spores for suppression of clostridium difficile infection symptoms in a murine model. | clostridium difficile is the primary cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in healthcare centres of the developed world. only a few antibiotics are available for treatment, and relapses are common in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy. new approaches are required to reduce reliance on antibiotics, the use of which represents a primary risk factor for development of c. difficile infections. supplementation of the gut flora with probiotics represents a key area for producing more successful treatment ... | 2014 | 24828432 |
| a different kind of "allogeneic transplant": successful fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent and refractory clostridium difficile infection in a patient with relapsed aggressive b-cell lymphoma. | 2015 | 24828871 | |
| intestinal microbiota transplantation: a case of crohn's colitis with superimposed clostridium difficile infection. | 2013 | 24831911 | |
| transanal minimally invasive surgery for benign and malignant rectal neoplasia. | transanal minimally invasive surgery (tamis), an alternative technique to transanal endoscopic microsurgery, was developed in 2009. herein, we describe our initial experience using tamis for benign and malignant rectal neoplasia. | 2014 | 24832238 |
| prevalence and in-hospital mortality trends of infections among patients with cirrhosis: a nationwide study of hospitalised patients in the united states. | data on bacterial infections in hospitalised patients in the us with cirrhosis are derived largely from single centre data. countrywide data in this population are lacking. | 2014 | 24832591 |
| the role of the bacterial flagellum in adhesion and virulence. | the bacterial flagellum is a complex apparatus assembled of more than 20 different proteins. the flagellar basal body traverses the cell wall, whereas the curved hook connects the basal body to the whip-like flagellar filament that protrudes several µm from the bacterial cell. the flagellum has traditionally been regarded only as a motility organelle, but more recently it has become evident that flagella have a number of other biological functions. the major subunit, flagellin or flic, of the fl ... | 2013 | 24833223 |
| proton pump inhibitor use in hospitalized patients: is overutilization becoming a problem? | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are among the most common classes of medications prescribed. though they were previously thought of as safe, recent literature has shown risks associated with their use including increased risk for clostridium difficile infection, pneumonia, and fractures. due to these risks, it is important to determine if ppis are being used appropriately. this review evaluates seven studies in hospitalized patients. additionally, this review evaluates literature pertaining to rec ... | 2012 | 24833936 |
| frequency of clostridium difficile among patients with gastrointestinal complaints. | in this study, the prevalence of c. difficile, from patients with gastrointestinal complaints and its association with other enteropathogen microbes were investigated. | 2011 | 24834184 |
| implementation and impact of ultraviolet environmental disinfection in an acute care setting. | multiple-drug-resistant organisms (mdros) and clostridium difficile (cd) are significant problems in health care. evidence suggests that these organisms are transmitted to patients by the contaminated environment. | 2014 | 24837107 |
| hospital clostridium difficile outbreak linked to laundry machine malfunction. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacillus that is associated with diarrheal disease. c difficile is shed in the feces of affected individuals and its spores can survive on surfaces for prolonged periods of time. these spores can contaminate a hospital environment by spread through health care workers and suboptimal environmental cleaning practices. we report an outbreak of health care facility-onset c difficile infection that was eventually linked to contaminated ... | 2014 | 24837118 |
| risk factors associated with clostridium difficile infection severity in hospitalized patients. | 2014 | 24837124 | |
| the effect of pharmacy restriction of clindamycin on clostridium difficile infection rates in an orthopedics ward. | a high consumption of clindamycin was noted in an orthopedics ward with high rates of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we restricted clindamycin for the entire ward. a reduction of 88% in cdi (1.07 to 0.12 × 1,000 patients-days, p = .056) and 84% for all-cause diarrhea (2.40 to 0.38 × 1,000 patients-days, p = .021) was achieved. clindamycin was reduced 92.61% without an increase in other antibiotics. we identified high consumption of clindamycin as a risk factor for cdi. | 2014 | 24837129 |