Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| response of arabidopsis thaliana roots with altered lipid transfer protein (ltp) gene expression to the clubroot disease and salt stress. | the clubroot disease of brassicaceae is caused by the obligate biotrophic protist plasmodiophora brassicae. the disease is characterized by abnormal tumorous swellings of infected roots that result in reduced drought resistance and insufficient distribution of nutrients, leading to reduced crop yield. it is one of the most damaging diseases among cruciferous crops worldwide. the acquisition of nutrients by the protist is not well understood. gene expression profiles in arabidopsis thaliana clubr ... | 2015 | 27135222 |
| response of arabidopsis thaliana roots with altered lipid transfer protein (ltp) gene expression to the clubroot disease and salt stress. | the clubroot disease of brassicaceae is caused by the obligate biotrophic protist plasmodiophora brassicae. the disease is characterized by abnormal tumorous swellings of infected roots that result in reduced drought resistance and insufficient distribution of nutrients, leading to reduced crop yield. it is one of the most damaging diseases among cruciferous crops worldwide. the acquisition of nutrients by the protist is not well understood. gene expression profiles in arabidopsis thaliana clubr ... | 2015 | 27135222 |
| the ubiquitin system and jasmonate signaling. | the ubiquitin (ub) system is involved in most, if not all, biological processes in eukaryotes. the major specificity determinants of this system are the e3 ligases, which bind and ubiquitinate specific sets of proteins and are thereby responsible for target recruitment to the proteasome or other cellular processing machineries. the ub system contributes to the regulation of the production, perception and signal transduction of plant hormones. jasmonic acid (ja) and its derivatives, known as jasm ... | 2016 | 27135226 |
| the c2 protein from the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus decreases sensitivity to jasmonates and suppresses jasmonate-mediated defences. | an increasing body of evidence points at a role of the plant hormones jasmonates (jas) in determining the outcome of plant-virus interactions. geminiviruses, small dna viruses infecting a wide range of plant species worldwide, encode a multifunctional protein, c2, which is essential for full pathogenicity. the c2 protein has been shown to suppress the ja response, although the current view on the extent of this effect and the underlying molecular mechanisms is incomplete. in this work, we use a ... | 2016 | 27135228 |
| how microbes twist jasmonate signaling around their little fingers. | plant immunity relies on a complex network of hormone signaling pathways in which jasmonic acid (ja) plays a central role. successful microbial pathogens or symbionts have developed strategies to manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to cause hormonal imbalances for their own benefit. these strategies include the production of plant hormones, phytohormone mimics, or effector proteins that target host components to disrupt hormonal signaling pathways and enhance virulence. here, we describe ... | 2016 | 27135229 |
| keeping control: the role of senescence and development in plant pathogenesis and defense. | many plant pathogens show interactions with host development. pathogens may modify plant development according to their nutritional demands. conversely, plant development influences pathogen growth. biotrophic pathogens often delay senescence to keep host cells alive, and resistance is achieved by senescence-like processes in the host. necrotrophic pathogens promote senescence in the host, and preventing early senescence is a resistance strategy of plants. for hemibiotrophic pathogens both patte ... | 2015 | 27135337 |
| from plant infectivity to growth patterns: the role of blue-light sensing in the prokaryotic world. | flavin-based photoreceptor proteins of the lov (light, oxygen, and voltage) and bluf (blue light sensing using flavins) superfamilies are ubiquitous among the three life domains and are essential blue-light sensing systems, not only in plants and algae, but also in prokaryotes. here we review their biological roles in the prokaryotic world and their evolution pathways. an unexpected large number of bacterial species possess flavin-based photosensors, amongst which are important human and plant p ... | 2014 | 27135492 |
| functions of calcium-dependent protein kinases in plant innate immunity. | an increase of cytosolic ca(2+) is generated by diverse physiological stimuli and stresses, including pathogen attack. plants have evolved two branches of the immune system to defend against pathogen infections. the primary innate immune response is triggered by the detection of evolutionarily conserved pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp), which is called pamp-triggered immunity (pti). the second branch of plant innate immunity is triggered by the recognition of specific pathogen effect ... | 2014 | 27135498 |
| characterization of four bifunctional plant iam/pam-amidohydrolases capable of contributing to auxin biosynthesis. | amidases [ec 3.5.1.4] capable of converting indole-3-acetamide (iam) into the major plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) are assumed to be involved in auxin de novo biosynthesis. with the emerging amount of genomics data, it was possible to identify over forty proteins with substantial homology to the already characterized amidases from arabidopsis and tobacco. the observed high conservation of amidase-like proteins throughout the plant kingdom may suggest an important role of theses ... | 2014 | 27135507 |
| calmodulin gene expression in response to mechanical wounding and botrytis cinerea infection in tomato fruit. | calmodulin, a ubiquitous calcium sensor, plays an important role in decoding stress-triggered intracellular calcium changes and regulates the functions of numerous target proteins involved in various plant physiological responses. to determine the functions of calmodulin in fleshy fruit, expression studies were performed on a family of six calmodulin genes (slcams) in mature-green stage tomato fruit in response to mechanical injury and botrytis cinerea infection. both wounding and pathogen inocu ... | 2014 | 27135512 |
| plant responses to simultaneous biotic and abiotic stress: molecular mechanisms. | plants are constantly confronted to both abiotic and biotic stresses that seriously reduce their productivity. plant responses to these stresses are complex and involve numerous physiological, molecular, and cellular adaptations. recent evidence shows that a combination of abiotic and biotic stress can have a positive effect on plant performance by reducing the susceptibility to biotic stress. such an interaction between both types of stress points to a crosstalk between their respective signali ... | 2014 | 27135514 |
| phylogeny of cirsium spp. in north america: host specificity does not follow phylogeny. | weedy invasive cirsium spp. are widespread in temperate regions of north america and some of their biological control agents have attacked native cirsium spp. a phylogenetic tree was developed from dna sequences for the internal transcribed spacer and external transcribed spacer regions from native and non-native great plains cirsium spp. and other thistles to determine if host specificity follows phylogeny. the monophyly of cirsium spp. and carduus within the tribe cardinae was confirmed with n ... | 2012 | 27137640 |
| a novel lipid transfer protein from the pea pisum sativum: isolation, recombinant expression, solution structure, antifungal activity, lipid binding, and allergenic properties. | plant lipid transfer proteins (ltps) assemble a family of small (7-9 kda) ubiquitous cationic proteins with an ability to bind and transport lipids as well as participate in various physiological processes including defense against phytopathogens. they also form one of the most clinically relevant classes of plant allergens. nothing is known to date about correlation between lipid-binding and ige-binding properties of ltps. the garden pea pisum sativum is widely consumed crop and important aller ... | 2016 | 27137920 |
| bioprospecting sponge-associated microbes for antimicrobial compounds. | sponges are the most prolific marine organisms with respect to their arsenal of bioactive compounds including antimicrobials. however, the majority of these substances are probably not produced by the sponge itself, but rather by bacteria or fungi that are associated with their host. this review for the first time provides a comprehensive overview of antimicrobial compounds that are known to be produced by sponge-associated microbes. we discuss the current state-of-the-art by grouping the bioact ... | 2016 | 27144573 |
| comparative genomics reveals genes significantly associated with woody hosts in the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae. | the diversification of lineages within pseudomonas syringae has involved a number of adaptive shifts from herbaceous hosts onto various species of tree, resulting in the emergence of highly destructive diseases such as bacterial canker of kiwi and bleeding canker of horse chestnut. this diversification has involved a high level of gene gain and loss, and these processes are likely to play major roles in the adaptation of individual lineages onto their host plants. in order to better understand t ... | 2016 | 27145446 |
| development of specific markers for identification of biovars 1 and 2 strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of canker in kiwifruit, can be divided into three biovars (biovars 1, 2, and 3). strains belonging to biovar 1 produce phaseolotoxin and were isolated in japan and italy before 2008. strains of biovar 2 produce coronatine instead of phaseolotoxin and have been isolated only in korea. strains belonging to biovar 3 produce neither phaseolotoxin nor coronatine and are responsible for the global outbreak of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in recent ... | 2016 | 27147936 |
| dual effect of the cubic ag3po4 crystal on pseudomonas syringae growth and plant immunity. | we previously found that the antibacterial activity of silver phosphate crystals on escherichia coli depends on their structure. we here show that the cubic form of silver phosphate crystal (spc) can also be applied to inhibit the growth of a plant-pathogenic pseudomonas syringae bacterium. spc pretreatment resulted in reduced in planta multiplication of p. syringae. induced expression of a plant defense marker gene pr1 by spc alone is suggestive of its additional plant immunity-stimulating acti ... | 2016 | 27147937 |
| a carotenoid-deficient mutant in pantoea sp. yr343, a bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of populus deltoides, is defective in root colonization. | the complex interactions between plants and their microbiome can have a profound effect on the health and productivity of the plant host. a better understanding of the microbial mechanisms that promote plant health and stress tolerance will enable strategies for improving the productivity of economically important plants. pantoea sp. yr343 is a motile, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from the roots of populus deltoides that possesses the ability to solubilize phosphate and produce the phytohormone ... | 2016 | 27148182 |
| priming by hexanoic acid induce activation of mevalonic and linolenic pathways and promotes the emission of plant volatiles. | hexanoic acid (hx) is a short natural monocarboxylic acid present in some fruits and plants. previous studies reported that soil drench application of this acid induces effective resistance in tomato plants against botrytis cinerea and pseudomonas syringae and in citrus against alternaria alternata and xanthomonas citri. in this work, we performed an in deep study of the metabolic changes produced in citrus by the application of hx in response to the challenge pathogen a. alternata, focusing on ... | 2016 | 27148319 |
| light suppresses bacterial population through the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in tobacco leaves infected with pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. | pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (pst) is a hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen responsible for tobacco wildfire disease. although considerable research has been conducted on the tobacco plant's tolerance to pst, the role of light in the responses of the photosystems to pst infection is poorly understood. this study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the reduced photosystem damage in tobacco leaves due to pst infection under light conditions. compared to dark conditions, pst infection ... | 2016 | 27148334 |
| gida, a trna modification enzyme, contributes to the growth, and virulence of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | glucose-inhibited division protein (gida), is a trna modification enzyme functioning together with mnme in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl group to position 5 of the anticodon wobble uridine of trna. here, we report a gida homolog from a chinese isolate sc-19 of the zoonotic streptococcus suis serotype 2 (ss2). gida disruption led to a defective growth, increased capsule thickness, and reduced hemolytic activity. moreover, the gida deletion mutant (δgida) displayed reduced mortality a ... | 2016 | 27148493 |
| the exocyst complex in health and disease. | exocytosis involves the fusion of intracellular secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane, thereby delivering integral membrane proteins to the cell surface and releasing material into the extracellular space. importantly, exocytosis also provides a source of lipid moieties for membrane extension. the tethering of the secretory vesicle before docking and fusion with the plasma membrane is mediated by the exocyst complex, an evolutionary conserved octameric complex of proteins. recent findings ... | 2016 | 27148529 |
| r-gene variation across arabidopsis lyrata subspecies: effects of population structure, selection and mating system. | examining allelic variation of r-genes in closely related perennial species of arabidopsis thaliana is critical to understanding how population structure and ecology interact with selection to shape the evolution of innate immunity in plants. we finely sampled natural populations of arabidopsis lyrata from the great lakes region of north america (a. l. lyrata) and broadly sampled six european countries (a. l. petraea) to investigate allelic variation of two r-genes (rpm1 and wrr4) and neutral ge ... | 2016 | 27150007 |
| ice-nucleating bacteria control the order and dynamics of interfacial water. | ice-nucleating organisms play important roles in the environment. with their ability to induce ice formation at temperatures just below the ice melting point, bacteria such as pseudomonas syringae attack plants through frost damage using specialized ice-nucleating proteins. besides the impact on agriculture and microbial ecology, airborne p. syringae can affect atmospheric glaciation processes, with consequences for cloud evolution, precipitation, and climate. biogenic ice nucleation is also rel ... | 2016 | 27152346 |
| jub1 suppresses pseudomonas syringae-induced defense responses through accumulation of della proteins. | phytohormones act in concert to coordinate plant growth and the response to environmental cues. gibberellins (gas) are growth-promoting hormones that recently emerged as modulators of plant immune signaling. by regulating the stability of della proteins, gas intersect with the signaling pathways of the classical primary defense hormones, salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja), thereby altering the final outcome of the immune response. della proteins confer resistance to necrotrophic pathogen ... | 2016 | 27159137 |
| genomic screens identify a new phytobacterial microbe-associated molecular pattern and the cognate arabidopsis receptor-like kinase that mediates its immune elicitation. | the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns during infection is central to the mounting of an effective immune response. in spite of their importance, it remains difficult to identify these molecules and the host receptors required for their perception, ultimately limiting our understanding of the role of these molecules in the evolution of host-pathogen relationships. | 2016 | 27160854 |
| morphological and chemical characteristics of doubled haploids of flue-cured tobacco combining resistance to thielaviopsis basicola and tswv. | thielaviopsis basicola and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) are the most important problems in a moderate climate zone. previously obtained doubled haploids (dh) of f1 hybrids of the flue-cured line wgl3 resistant to th. basicola and the dark-cured line pw-834 carrying rtsw-al gene provided the research material. biological tests and scar markers linked with tswv were applied to confirm resistance of dh. lines combining resistance to tswv and th. basicola were evaluated for morphological and che ... | 2016 | 27162500 |
| diversity and evolution of disease resistance genes in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | plant disease resistance genes (r-genes) play a critical role in the defense response to pathogens. barley is one of the most important cereal crops, having a genome recently made available, for which the diversity and evolution of r-genes are not well understood. the main objectives of this research were to conduct a genome-wide identification of barley coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat (cnl) genes and elucidate their evolutionary history. we employed a hidden markov mod ... | 2016 | 27168720 |
| nadph-dependent thioredoxin reductase c plays a role in nonhost disease resistance against pseudomonas syringae pathogens by regulating chloroplast-generated reactive oxygen species. | chloroplasts are cytoplasmic organelles for photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. in addition, recent studies have shown that chloroplasts have a critical role in plant innate immunity against invading pathogens. hydrogen peroxide is a toxic by-product from photosynthesis, which also functions as a signaling compound in plant innate immunity. therefore, it is important to regulate the level of hydrogen peroxide in response to pathogens. chloroplasts maintain components of the redox detoxification ... | 2016 | 27168965 |
| transcriptome analysis of sweet orange trees infected with 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' and two strains of citrus tristeza virus. | huanglongbing (hlb) and tristeza, are diseases of citrus caused by a member of the α-proteobacteria, 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' (calas), and citrus tristeza virus (ctv) respectively. hlb is a devastating disease, but ctv strains vary from very severe to very mild. both calas and ctv are phloem-restricted. the calas-b232 strain and ctv-b6 cause a wide range of severe and similar symptoms. the mild strain ctv-b2 doesn't induce significant symptoms or damage to plants. | 2016 | 27169471 |
| the arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide interactome. | cyclic nucleotides have been shown to play important signaling roles in many physiological processes in plants including photosynthesis and defence. despite this, little is known about cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling mechanisms in plants since the downstream target proteins remain unknown. this is largely due to the fact that bioinformatics searches fail to identify plant homologs of protein kinases and phosphodiesterases that are the main targets of cyclic nucleotides in animals. | 2016 | 27170143 |
| deciphering the epitranscriptome: a green perspective. | the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies coupled with new detection methods of rna modifications has enabled investigation of a new layer of gene regulation - the epitranscriptome. with over 100 known rna modifications, understanding the repertoire of rna modifications is a huge undertaking. this review summarizes what is known about rna modifications with an emphasis on discoveries in plants. rna ribose modifications, base methylations and pseudouridylation are required for normal ... | 2016 | 27172004 |
| the n-end rule pathway regulates pathogen responses in plants. | to efficiently counteract pathogens, plants rely on a complex set of immune responses that are tightly regulated to allow the timely activation, appropriate duration and adequate amplitude of defense programs. the coordination of the plant immune response is known to require the activity of the ubiquitin/proteasome system, which controls the stability of proteins in eukaryotes. here, we demonstrate that the n-end rule pathway, a subset of the ubiquitin/proteasome system, regulates the defense ag ... | 2016 | 27173012 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of combined therapy of silver nanoparticles and visible blue light against pseudomonas aeruginosa. | silver nanoparticles (agnps) have been used as potential antimicrobial agents against resistant pathogens. we investigated the possible therapeutic use of agnps in combination with visible blue light against a multidrug resistant clinical isolate of pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. the antibacterial activity of agnps against p. aeruginosa (1×10(5) colony forming unit/ml) was investigated at its minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and sub-mic, alone and in combination with blue lig ... | 2016 | 27175075 |
| optimized illumina pcr-free library preparation for bacterial whole genome sequencing and analysis of factors influencing de novo assembly. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology has paved the way for rapid and cost-efficient de novo sequencing of bacterial genomes. in particular, the introduction of pcr-free library preparation procedures (lpps) lead to major improvements as pcr bias is largely reduced. however, in order to facilitate the assembly of illumina paired-end sequence data and to enhance assembly performance, an increase of insert sizes to facilitate the repeat bridging and resolution capabilities of current state o ... | 2016 | 27176120 |
| a genetic screen identifies a requirement for cysteine-rich-receptor-like kinases in rice nh1 (osnpr1)-mediated immunity. | systemic acquired resistance, mediated by the arabidopsis npr1 gene and the rice nh1 gene, confers broad-spectrum immunity to diverse pathogens. npr1 and nh1 interact with tga transcription factors to activate downstream defense genes. despite the importance of this defense response, the signaling components downstream of npr1/nh1 and tga proteins are poorly defined. here we report the identification of a rice mutant, snim1, which suppresses nh1-mediated immunity and demonstrate that two genes e ... | 2016 | 27176732 |
| ectopic expression of a grape aspartic protease gene, ap13, in arabidopsis thaliana improves resistance to powdery mildew but increases susceptibility to botrytis cinerea. | the grape aspartic protease gene, ap13 was previously reported to be responsive, in chinese wild vitis quinquangularis cv. 'shang-24', to infection by erysiphe necator, the causal agent of powdery mildew disease, as well as to treatment with salicylic acid in v. labrusca×v. vinifera cv. 'kyoho'. in the current study, we evaluated the expression levels of ap13 in 'shang-24' in response to salicylic acid (sa), methyl jasmonate (meja) and ethylene (et) treatments, as well as to infection by the nec ... | 2016 | 27181943 |
| temporal interactions of plant - insect - predator after infection of bacterial pathogen on rice plants. | pathogenic infection on plants may affect interactions of host-plants with their herbivores, as well as the herbivores with their predators. in this study, the effects of infection by pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), which causes a vascular disease in rice, on rice plants and consequent interactions with a rice herbivore, brown rice planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens, and its major predator, cyrtorhinus lividipennis, were investigated. the results showed that the rice ... | 2016 | 27185548 |
| profiling expression of lipoxygenase in cucumber during compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. | we compared lipoxygenase (lox) expression in cucumber in response to host and non-host pathogens. our results displayed significant difference in expression of lox between compatible and incompatible interaction at 12, 24 and 48 h after inoculation. moreover, lox expression at 72 h after inoculation was similar in both compatible and incompatible interaction. it seems that early induction of lox plays a crucial role in plant defense against pathogens. | 2015 | 27186031 |
| profiling expression of lipoxygenase in cucumber during compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. | we compared lipoxygenase (lox) expression in cucumber in response to host and non-host pathogens. our results displayed significant difference in expression of lox between compatible and incompatible interaction at 12, 24 and 48 h after inoculation. moreover, lox expression at 72 h after inoculation was similar in both compatible and incompatible interaction. it seems that early induction of lox plays a crucial role in plant defense against pathogens. | 2015 | 27186031 |
| chitosan oligosaccharide induces resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in arabidopsis via the salicylic acid-mediated signalling pathway. | chitosan is one of the most abundant carbohydrate biopolymers in the world, and chitosan oligosaccharide (cos), which is prepared from chitosan, is a plant immunity regulator. the present study aimed to validate the effect of cos on inducing resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) in arabidopsis and to investigate the potential defence-related signalling pathways involved. optimal conditions for the induction of tmv resistance in arabidopsis were cos pretreatment at 50 mg/l for 1 day prior to i ... | 2016 | 27189192 |
| direct and indirect targeting of pp2a by conserved bacterial type-iii effector proteins. | bacterial avre-family type-iii effector proteins (t3es) contribute significantly to the virulence of plant-pathogenic species of pseudomonas, pantoea, ralstonia, erwinia, dickeya and pectobacterium, with hosts ranging from monocots to dicots. however, the mode of action of avre-family t3es remains enigmatic, due in large part to their toxicity when expressed in plant or yeast cells. to search for targets of wtse, an avre-family t3e from the maize pathogen pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, we e ... | 2016 | 27191168 |
| transcriptome-wide survey and expression profile analysis of putative chrysanthemum hd-zip i and ii genes. | the homeodomain-leucine zipper (hd-zip) transcription factor family is a key transcription factor family and unique to the plant kingdom. it consists of a homeodomain and a leucine zipper that serve in combination as a dimerization motif. the family can be classified into four subfamilies, and these subfamilies participate in the development of hormones and mediation of hormone action and are involved in plant responses to environmental conditions. however, limited information on this gene famil ... | 2016 | 27196930 |
| genome-wide identification and characterization of wrky gene family in peanut. | wrky, an important transcription factor family, is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. many reports focused on analysis of phylogenetic relationship and biological function of wrky protein at the whole genome level in different plant species. however, little is known about wrky proteins in the genome of arachis species and their response to salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) treatment. in this study, we identified 77 and 75 wrky proteins from the two wild ancestral diploid genomes o ... | 2016 | 27200012 |
| dspa/e contributes to apoplastic accumulation of ros in non-host a. thaliana. | the bacterium erwinia amylovora is responsible for the fire blight disease of maleae, which provokes necrotic symptoms on aerial parts. the pathogenicity of this bacterium in hosts relies on its type three-secretion system (t3ss), a molecular syringe that allows the bacterium to inject effectors into the plant cell. e. amylovora-triggered disease in host plants is associated with the t3ss-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ros), although ros are generally associated with resistance ... | 2016 | 27200021 |
| orthology analysis and in vivo complementation studies to elucidate the role of dir1 during systemic acquired resistance in arabidopsis thaliana and cucumis sativus. | atdir1 (defective in induced resistance1) is an acidic lipid transfer protein essential for systemic acquired resistance (sar) in arabidopsis thaliana. upon sar induction, dir1 moves from locally infected to distant uninfected leaves to activate defense priming; however, a molecular function for dir1 has not been elucidated. bioinformatic analysis and in silico homology modeling identified putative atdir1 orthologs in crop species, revealing conserved protein motifs within and outside of dir1's ... | 2016 | 27200039 |
| cross talk between h2o2 and interacting signal molecules under plant stress response. | it is well established that oxidative stress is an important cause of cellular damage. during stress conditions, plants have evolved regulatory mechanisms to adapt to various environmental stresses. one of the consequences of stress is an increase in the cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species, which is subsequently converted to h2o2. h2o2 is continuously produced as the byproduct of oxidative plant aerobic metabolism. organelles with a high oxidizing metabolic activity or with an inte ... | 2016 | 27200043 |
| microbe associated molecular pattern signaling in guard cells. | stomata, formed by pairs of guard cells in the epidermis of terrestrial plants, regulate gas exchange, thus playing a critical role in plant growth and stress responses. as natural openings, stomata are exploited by microbes as an entry route. recent studies reveal that plants close stomata upon guard cell perception of molecular signatures from microbes, microbe associated molecular patterns (mamps), to prevent microbe invasion. the perception of mamps induces signal transduction including recr ... | 2016 | 27200056 |
| flashy flagella: flagellin modification is relatively common and highly versatile among the enterobacteriaceae. | post-translational glycosylation of the flagellin protein is relatively common among gram-negative bacteria, and has been linked to several phenotypes, including flagellar biosynthesis and motility, biofilm formation, host immune evasion and manipulation and virulence. however to date, despite extensive physiological and genetic characterization, it has never been reported for the peritrichously flagellate enterobacteriaceae. | 2016 | 27206480 |
| hrcu and hrpp are pathogenicity factors in the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora required for the type iii secretion of dspa/e. | many gram-negative bacterial pathogens mediate host-microbe interactions via utilization of the type iii secretion (t3s) system. the t3s system is a complex molecular machine consisting of more than 20 proteins. collectively, these proteins translocate effectors across extracellular space and into the host cytoplasm. successful translocation requires timely synthesis and allocation of both structural and secreted t3s proteins. based on amino acid conservation in animal pathogenic bacteria, hrcu ... | 2016 | 27206522 |
| chip-seq reveals broad roles of sard1 and cbp60g in regulating plant immunity. | recognition of pathogens by host plants leads to rapid transcriptional reprogramming and activation of defence responses. the expression of many defence regulators is induced in this process, but the mechanisms of how they are controlled transcriptionally are largely unknown. here we use chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to show that the transcription factors sard1 and cbp60g bind to the promoter regions of a large number of genes encoding key regulators of plant immunity. among them are ... | 2015 | 27206545 |
| differential transcriptomic responses to fusarium graminearum infection in two barley quantitative trait loci associated with fusarium head blight resistance. | fusarium graminearum causes fusarium head blight (fhb), a major disease problem worldwide. resistance to fhb is controlled by quantitative trait loci (qtl) of which two are located on barley chromosomes 2h bin8 and 6h bin7. the mechanisms of resistance mediated by fhb qtl are poorly defined. | 2016 | 27206761 |
| two redundant receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases function downstream of pattern recognition receptors to regulate activation of sa biosynthesis. | salicylic acid (sa) serves as a critical signaling molecule in plant defense. two transcription factors, sard1 and cbp60g, control sa biosynthesis through regulating pathogen-induced expression of isochorismate synthase1, which encodes a key enzyme for sa biosynthesis. here, we report that pattern-triggered immunity compromised receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase1 (pcrk1) and pcrk2 function as key regulators of sa biosynthesis. in the pcrk1 pcrk2 double mutant, pathogen-induced expression of sard1, ... | 2016 | 27208222 |
| the gsk3/shaggy-like kinase askα contributes to pattern-triggered immunity. | the first layer of immunity against pathogenic microbes relies on the detection of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (pti). despite the increasing knowledge of early pti signaling mediated by prrs and their associated proteins, many downstream signaling components remain elusive. here, we identify the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) glycogen synthase kinase3 (gsk3)/shaggy- ... | 2016 | 27208232 |
| the raf-like kinase ilk1 and the high affinity k+ transporter hak5 are required for innate immunity and abiotic stress response. | plant perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and other environmental stresses trigger transient ion fluxes at the plasma membrane. apart from the role of ca(2+) uptake in signaling, the regulation and significance of pamp-induced ion fluxes in immunity remain unknown. we characterized the functions of integrin-linked kinase1 (ilk1) that encodes a raf-like map2k kinase with functions insufficiently understood in plants. analysis of ilk1 mutants impaired in the expression or ... | 2016 | 27208244 |
| comparative proteomics analysis of phloem exudates collected during the induction of systemic acquired resistance. | systemic acquired resistance (sar) is a plant defense response that provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum pathogen resistance to uninfected systemic leaves following an initial localized infection. in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), local infection with virulent or avirulent strains of pseudomonas syringae pv tomato generates long-distance sar signals that travel from locally infected to distant leaves through the phloem to establish sar in this study, a proteomics approach was used to ident ... | 2016 | 27208255 |
| alternative splicing of rice wrky62 and wrky76 transcription factor genes in pathogen defense. | the wrky family of transcription factors (tfs) functions as transcriptional activators or repressors in various signaling pathways. in this study, we discovered that oswrky62 and oswrky76, two genes of the wrky iia subfamily, undergo constitutive and inducible alternative splicing. the full-length oswrky62.1 and oswrky76.1 proteins formed homocomplexes and heterocomplexes, and the heterocomplex dominates in the nuclei when analyzed in nicotiana benthamiana leaves. transgenic overexpression of os ... | 2016 | 27208272 |
| rna-seq links the transcription factors aintegumenta and aintegumenta-like6 to cell wall remodeling and plant defense pathways. | aintegumenta (ant) and aintegumenta-like6 (ail6) are two related transcription factors in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) that have partially overlapping roles in several aspects of flower development, including floral organ initiation, identity specification, growth, and patterning. to better understand the biological processes regulated by these two transcription factors, we performed rna sequencing (rna-seq) on ant ail6 double mutants. we identified thousands of genes that are differential ... | 2016 | 27208279 |
| bacterial avrrpt2-like cysteine proteases block activation of the arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinases, mpk4 and mpk11. | to establish infection, pathogens deliver effectors into host cells to target immune signaling components, including elements of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mpk) cascades. the virulence function of avrrpt2, one of the first identified pseudomonas syringae effectors, involves cleavage of the plant defense regulator, rpm1-interacting protein4 (rin4), and interference with plant auxin signaling. we show now that avrrpt2 specifically suppresses the flagellin-induced phosphorylation of arabidop ... | 2016 | 27208280 |
| arabidopsis nata1 acetylates putrescine and decreases defense-related hydrogen peroxide accumulation. | biosynthesis of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine is induced in response to pathogen infection of plants. putrescine, which is produced from arg, serves as a metabolic precursor for longer polyamines, including spermidine and spermine. polyamine acetylation, which has important regulatory functions in mammalian cells, has been observed in several plant species. here we show that arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) n-acetyltransferase activity1 (nata1) catalyzes acetylation of pu ... | 2016 | 27208290 |
| cell death control by matrix metalloproteinases. | in contrast to mammalian matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) that play important roles in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix in animals, the proteases responsible for dynamic modifications of the plant cell wall are largely unknown. a possible involvement of mmps was addressed by cloning and functional characterization of sl2-mmp and sl3-mmp from tomato (solanum lycopersicum). the two tomato mmps were found to resemble mammalian homologs with respect to gelatinolytic activity, substrate pre ... | 2016 | 27208293 |
| techniques for the analysis of protein-protein interactions in vivo. | identifying key players and their interactions is fundamental for understanding biochemical mechanisms at the molecular level. the ever-increasing number of alternative ways to detect protein-protein interactions (ppis) speaks volumes about the creativity of scientists in hunting for the optimal technique. ppis derived from single experiments or high-throughput screens enable the decoding of binary interactions, the building of large-scale interaction maps of single organisms, and the establishm ... | 2016 | 27208310 |
| overexpression of spinach non-symbiotic hemoglobin in arabidopsis resulted in decreased no content and lowered nitrate and other abiotic stresses tolerance. | a class 1 non-symbiotic hemoglobin family gene, sohb, was isolated from spinach. qrt-pcr showed that sohb was induced by excess nitrate, polyethylene glycol, nacl, h2o2, and salicylic acid. besides, sohb was strongly induced by application of nitric oxide (no) donor, while was suppressed by no scavenger, nitrate reductase inhibitor, and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. overexpression of sohb in arabidopsis resulted in decreased no level and sensitivity to nitrate stress, as shown by reduced root ... | 2016 | 27211528 |
| reassortment in segmented rna viruses: mechanisms and outcomes. | segmented rna viruses are widespread in nature and include important human, animal and plant pathogens, such as influenza viruses and rotaviruses. although the origin of rna virus genome segmentation remains elusive, a major consequence of this genome structure is the capacity for reassortment to occur during co-infection, whereby segments are exchanged among different viral strains. therefore, reassortment can create viral progeny that contain genes that are derived from more than one parent, p ... | 2016 | 27211789 |
| drought-responsive wrky transcription factor genes tawrky1 and tawrky33 from wheat confer drought and/or heat resistance in arabidopsis. | drought stress is one of the major causes of crop loss. wrky transcription factors, as one of the largest transcription factor families, play important roles in regulation of many plant processes, including drought stress response. however, far less information is available on drought-responsive wrky genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), one of the three staple food crops. | 2016 | 27215938 |
| effects of consecutive monoculture of pseudostellaria heterophylla on soil fungal community as determined by pyrosequencing. | under consecutive monoculture, the biomass and quality of pseudostellaria heterophylla declines significantly. in this study, a three-year field experiment was conducted to identify typical growth inhibition effects caused by extended monoculturing of p. heterophylla. deep pyrosequencing was used to examine changes in the structure and composition of soil fungal community along a three-year gradient of monoculture. the results revealed a distinct separation between the newly planted plot and the ... | 2016 | 27216019 |
| the pseudomonas syringae type iii effector hopg1 induces actin remodeling to promote symptom development and susceptibility during infection. | the plant cytoskeleton underpins the function of a multitude of cellular mechanisms, including those associated with developmental- and stress-associated signaling processes. in recent years, the actin cytoskeleton has been demonstrated to play a key role in plant immune signaling, including a recent demonstration that pathogens target actin filaments to block plant defense and immunity. herein, we quantified spatial changes in host actin filament organization after infection with pseudomonas sy ... | 2016 | 27217495 |
| small molecule dfpm derivative-activated plant resistance protein signaling in roots is unaffected by eds1 subcellular targeting signal and chemical genetic isolation of victr r-protein mutants. | the small molecule dfpm ([5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]-piperidine-1-ylmethanethione) was recently shown to trigger signal transduction via early effector-triggered immunity signaling genes including eds1 and pad4 in arabidopsis thaliana accession col-0. chemical genetic analyses of a. thaliana natural variants identified the plant resistance protein-like toll/interleukin1 receptor (tir)-nucleotide binding (nb)-leucine-rich repeat (lrr) protein victr as required for dfpm-mediated root growth ... | 2016 | 27219122 |
| molecular phylogeny and dynamic evolution of disease resistance genes in the legume family. | legumes are the second-most important crop family in agriculture for its economic and nutritional values. disease resistance (r-) genes play an important role in responding to pathogen infections in plants. to further increase the yield of legume crops, we need a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of r-genes in the legume family. | 2016 | 27229309 |
| inhibition of nuclear transport of nf-ĸb p65 by the salmonella type iii secretion system effector spvd. | salmonella enterica replicates in macrophages through the action of effector proteins translocated across the vacuolar membrane by a type iii secretion system (t3ss). here we show that the spi-2 t3ss effector spvd suppresses proinflammatory immune responses. spvd prevented activation of an nf-ĸb-dependent promoter and caused nuclear accumulation of importin-α, which is required for nuclear import of p65. spvd interacted specifically with the exportin xpo2, which mediates nuclear-cytoplasmic recy ... | 2016 | 27232334 |
| integrated metabolo-transcriptomics reveals fusarium head blight candidate resistance genes in wheat qtl-fhb2. | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum not only causes severe losses in yield, but also reduces quality of wheat grain by accumulating mycotoxins. breeding for host plant resistance is considered as the best strategy to manage fhb. resistance in wheat to fhb is quantitative in nature, involving cumulative effects of many genes governing resistance. the poor understanding of genetics and lack of precise phenotyping has hindered the development of fhb resistant cultivars. though ... | 2016 | 27232496 |
| silencing of six susceptibility genes results in potato late blight resistance. | phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight, is a major threat to commercial potato production worldwide. significant costs are required for crop protection to secure yield. many dominant genes for resistance (r-genes) to potato late blight have been identified, and some of these r-genes have been applied in potato breeding. however, the p. infestans population rapidly accumulates new virulent strains that render r-genes ineffective. here we introduce a new class of resistance which ... | 2016 | 27233778 |
| hyperconcentrated sweet whey, a new culture medium that enhances propionibacterium freudenreichii stress tolerance. | propionibacterium freudenreichii is used as a cheese-ripening starter and as a probiotic. its reported physiological effects at the gut level, including modulation of bifidobacteria, colon epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, and intestinal inflammation, rely on active metabolism in situ survival and activity are thus key factors determining its efficacy, creating stress adaptation and tolerance bottlenecks for probiotic applications. growth media and growth conditions determine toleranc ... | 2016 | 27235433 |
| draft genome sequences of five pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum strains isolated in france. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum causes necrotic spots on the leaves of actinidia deliciosa and actinidia chinensis. p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum has been detected in new zealand, australia, france and spain. four lineages were previously identified within the p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum species group. here, we report the draft genome sequences of five strains of p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum representative of lineages 1, 2 and 4, isolated in france. the whole genomes of str ... | 2016 | 27237113 |
| early changes in apoplast composition associated with defence and disease in interactions between phaseolus vulgaris and the halo blight pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. | the apoplast is the arena in which endophytic pathogens such as pseudomonas syringae grow and interact with plant cells. using metabolomic and ion analysis techniques, this study shows how the composition of phaseolus vulgaris leaf apoplastic fluid changes during the first six hours of compatible and incompatible interactions with two strains of p. syringae pv. phaseolicola (pph) that differ in the presence of the genomic island pphgi-1. leaf inoculation with the avirulent island-carrying strain ... | 2016 | 27239727 |
| the fundamental role of nox family proteins in plant immunity and their regulation. | nadph oxidases (noxs), also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (rbohs), are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ros), and are involved in many important processes in plants such as regulation of acclimatory signaling and programmed cell death (pcd). increasing evidence shows that noxs play crucial roles in plant immunity and their functions in plant immune responses are not as separate individuals but with other signal molecules such as kinases, rac/rop small gtpases and hormon ... | 2016 | 27240354 |
| the type iii effector avrxccb in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris targets putative methyltransferases and suppresses innate immunity in arabidopsis. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) causes black rot, one of the most important diseases of brassica crops worldwide. the type iii effector inventory plays important roles in the virulence and pathogenicity of the pathogen. however, little is known about the virulence function(s) of the putative type iii effector avrxccb in xcc. here, we investigated the immune suppression ability of avrxccb and the possible underlying mechanisms. avrxccb was demonstrated to be secreted in a type iii sec ... | 2016 | 27241588 |
| gene expression changes during the gummosis development of peach shoots in response to lasiodiplodia theobromae infection using rna-seq. | lasiodiplodia theobromae is a causal agent of peach (prunus persica l.) tree gummosis, a serious disease affecting peach cultivation and production. however, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis remains unclear. rna-seq was performed to investigate gene expression in peach shoots inoculated or mock-inoculated with l. theobromae. a total of 20772 genes were detected in eight samples; 4231, 3750, 3453, and 3612 differentially expressed genes were identified at 12, 24, 48, and 60 h a ... | 2016 | 27242544 |
| bacillus cereus ar156 extracellular polysaccharides served as a novel micro-associated molecular pattern to induced systemic immunity to pst dc3000 in arabidopsis. | non-host resistance (nhr) is a broad-spectrum plant defense. upon colonizing on the surface on the root or leaves of non-host species, pathogens initial encounter preform and induce defense response in plant, such as induced hypersensitive response, pamps triggered immunity (pti), and effector triggered immunity (eti). the ability of plants to develop an induced systemic response (isr) in reaction to the colonization by non-pathogenic rhizobacterium depends on interactions between host plants an ... | 2016 | 27242694 |
| metabolic network modeling of microbial interactions in natural and engineered environmental systems. | we review approaches to characterize metabolic interactions within microbial communities using stoichiometric metabolic network (smn) models for applications in environmental and industrial biotechnology. smn models are computational tools used to evaluate the metabolic engineering potential of various organisms. they have successfully been applied to design and optimize the microbial production of antibiotics, alcohols and amino acids by single strains. to date however, such models have been ra ... | 2016 | 27242701 |
| overexpression of thiamin biosynthesis genes in rice increases leaf and unpolished grain thiamin content but not resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | thiamin diphosphate (thdp), also known as vitamin b1, serves as an enzymatic cofactor in glucose metabolism, the krebs cycle, and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis in all living organisms. unlike plants and microorganisms, humans are not able to synthesize thdp de novo and must obtain it from their diet. staple crops such as rice are poor sources of thiamin. hence, populations that mainly consume rice commonly suffer thiamin deficiency. in addition to thiamin's nutritional function, studies ... | 2016 | 27242822 |
| identification of novel components of the unfolded protein response in arabidopsis. | unfavorable environmental and developmental conditions may cause disturbances in protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) that are recognized and counteracted by components of the unfolded protein response (upr) signaling pathways. the early cellular responses include transcriptional changes to increase the folding and processing capacity of the er. in this study, we systematically screened a collection of inducible transgenic arabidopsis plants expressing a library of transcription fac ... | 2016 | 27242851 |
| vascular sap proteomics: providing insight into long-distance signaling during stress. | the plant vascular system, composed of the xylem and phloem, is important for the transport of water, mineral nutrients, and photosynthate throughout the plant body. the vasculature is also the primary means by which developmental and stress signals move from one organ to another. due to practical and technological limitations, proteomics analysis of xylem and phloem sap has been understudied in comparison to accessible sample types such as leaves and roots. however, recent advances in sample co ... | 2016 | 27242852 |
| use of baba and ina as activators of a primed state in the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). | to survive in adverse conditions, plants have evolved complex mechanisms that "prime" their defense system to respond and adapt to stresses. their competence to respond to such stresses fundamentally depends on its capacity to modulate the transcriptome rapidly and specifically. thus, chromatin dynamics is a mechanism linked to transcriptional regulation and enhanced defense in plants. for example, in arabidopsis, priming of the sa-dependent defense pathway is linked to histone lysine methylatio ... | 2016 | 27242854 |
| comparative transcriptional profiling of melatonin synthesis and catabolic genes indicates the possible role of melatonin in developmental and stress responses in rice. | as a well-known animal hormone, melatonin (n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is also involved in multiple plant biological processes, especially in various stress responses. rice is one of the most important crops, and melatonin is taken in by many people everyday from rice. however, the transcriptional profiling of melatonin-related genes in rice is largely unknown. in this study, the expression patterns of 11 melatonin related genes in rice in different periods, tissues, in response to different t ... | 2016 | 27242875 |
| overexpression of cotton ghmpk11 decreases disease resistance through the gibberellin signaling pathway in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana. | many changes in development, growth, hormone activity and environmental stimuli responses are mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades. however, in plants, studies on mapks have mainly focused on mpk3, mpk4 and mpk6. here, a novel group b mapk gene, ghmpk11, was isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and characterized. both promoter and expression pattern analyses revealed that ghmpk11 is involved in defense responses and signaling pathways. ghmpk11 overexpression in ni ... | 2016 | 27242882 |
| a phytophthora sojae effector pscrn63 forms homo-/hetero-dimers to suppress plant immunity via an inverted association manner. | oomycete pathogens produce a large number of effectors to promote infection. their mode of action are largely unknown. here we show that a phytophthora sojae effector, pscrn63, suppresses flg22-induced expression of frk1 gene, a molecular marker in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamp)-triggered immunity (pti). however, pscrn63 does not suppress upstream signaling events including flg22-induced mapk activation and bik1 phosphorylation, indicating that it acts downstream of mapk cascades. ... | 2016 | 27243217 |
| wide distribution of airborne ice-nucleation active pseudomonas syringae in agricultural environments. | pseudomonas syringae, a phytopathogen with a wide host range, inhabits various environments. among these habitats, air is an important transport environment for microbes, allowing them to disperse over long distances; however, information on the distribution and composition of airborne p. syringae is limited. here, we report the isolation of several groups of airborne p. syringae in japan. since 2013, we have trapped 43 strains of airborne p. syringae species complex, most of which were ice-nucl ... | 2016 | 27247081 |
| chloroplasts play a central role in plant defence and are targeted by pathogen effectors. | microbe associated molecular pattern (mamp) receptors in plants recognize mamps and activate basal defences; however a complete understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms conferring immunity remains elusive. pathogens suppress active defence in plants through the combined action of effector proteins. here we show that the chloroplast is a key component of early immune responses. mamp perception triggers the rapid, large-scale suppression of nuclear encoded chloroplast-targeted g ... | 2015 | 27250009 |
| the stripe rust fungal effector pec6 suppresses pattern-triggered immunity in a host species-independent manner and interacts with adenosine kinases. | we identified a wheat stripe rust (puccinia striiformis) effector candidate (pec6) with pattern-triggered immunity (pti) suppression function and its corresponding host target. pec6 compromised pti host species-independently. in nicotiana benthamiana, it hampers reactive oxygen species (ros) accumulation and callose deposition induced by pseudomonas fluorescens. in arabidopsis, plants expressing pec6 were more susceptible to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pto) dc3000 δavrpto/δavrptob. in wheat ... | 2016 | 27252028 |
| global transcriptional analysis reveals unique and shared responses in arabidopsis thaliana exposed to combined drought and pathogen stress. | with frequent fluctuations in global climate, plants are exposed to co-occurring drought and pathogen infection and this combination adversely affects plant survival. in the past, some studies indicated that morpho-physiological responses of plants to the combined stress are different from the individual stressed plants. however, interaction of drought stressed plants with pathogen has not been widely studied at molecular level. such studies are important to understand the defense pathways that ... | 2016 | 27252712 |
| aba suppresses botrytis cinerea elicited no production in tomato to influence h2o2 generation and increase host susceptibility. | abscisic acid (aba) production has emerged a susceptibility factor in plant-pathogen interactions. this work examined the interaction of aba with nitric oxide (no) in tomato following challenge with the aba-synthesizing pathogen, botrytis cinerea. trace gas detection using a quantum cascade laser detected no production within minutes of challenge with b. cinerea whilst photoacoustic laser detection detected ethylene production - an established mediator of defense against this pathogen - occurrin ... | 2016 | 27252724 |
| transcriptome profiling of buffalograss challenged with the leaf spot pathogen curvularia inaequalis. | buffalograss (bouteloua dactyloides) is a low maintenance u. s. native turfgrass species with exceptional drought, heat, and cold tolerance. leaf spot caused by curvularia inaequalis negatively impacts buffalograss visual quality. two leaf spot susceptible and two resistant buffalograss lines were challenged with c. inaequalis. samples were collected from treated and untreated leaves when susceptible lines showed symptoms. transcriptome sequencing was done and differentially expressed genes were ... | 2016 | 27252728 |
| plant g-proteins come of age: breaking the bond with animal models. | g-proteins are universal signal transducers mediating many cellular responses. plant g-protein signaling has been modeled on the well-established animal paradigm but accumulated experimental evidence indicates that g-protein-dependent signaling in plants has taken a very different evolutionary path. here we review the differences between plant and animal g-proteins reported over past two decades. most importantly, while in animal systems the g-protein signaling cycle is activated by seven transm ... | 2016 | 27252940 |
| a phytophthora sojae effector suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated immunity by stabilizing plant binding immunoglobulin proteins. | phytophthora pathogens secrete an array of specific effector proteins to manipulate host innate immunity to promote pathogen colonization. however, little is known about the host targets of effectors and the specific mechanisms by which effectors increase susceptibility. here we report that the soybean pathogen phytophthora sojae uses an essential effector psavh262 to stabilize endoplasmic reticulum (er)-luminal binding immunoglobulin proteins (bips), which act as negative regulators of plant re ... | 2016 | 27256489 |
| the effector awr5 from the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum is an inhibitor of the tor signalling pathway. | bacterial pathogens possess complex type iii effector (t3e) repertoires that are translocated inside the host cells to cause disease. however, only a minor proportion of these effectors have been assigned a function. here, we show that the t3e awr5 from the phytopathogen ralstonia solanacearum is an inhibitor of tor, a central regulator in eukaryotes that controls the switch between cell growth and stress responses in response to nutrient availability. heterologous expression of awr5 in yeast ca ... | 2016 | 27257085 |
| multiple patterns of regulation and overexpression of a ribonuclease-like pathogenesis-related protein gene, ospr10a, conferring disease resistance in rice and arabidopsis. | an abundant 17 kda rnase, encoded by ospr10a (also known as pbz1), was purified from pi-starved rice suspension-cultured cells. biochemical analysis showed that the range of optimal temperature for its rnase activity was 40-70°c and the optimum ph was 5.0. disulfide bond formation and divalent metal ion mg2+ were required for the rnase activity. the expression of ospr10a::gus in transgenic rice was induced upon phosphate (pi) starvation, wounding, infection by the pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. ... | 2016 | 27258121 |
| changes in the arabidopsis thaliana proteome implicate camp in biotic and abiotic stress responses and changes in energy metabolism. | the second messenger 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) is increasingly recognized as having many different roles in plant responses to environmental stimuli. to gain further insights into these roles, arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension culture was treated with 100 nm of cell permeant 8-bromo-camp for 5 or 10 min. here, applying mass spectrometry and comparative proteomics, 20 proteins were identified as differentially expressed and we noted a specific bias in proteins with a role in ... | 2016 | 27258261 |
| chloroplasts: state of research and practical applications of plastome sequencing. | this review presents origins, structure and expression of chloroplast genomes. it also describes their sequencing, analysis and modification, focusing on potential practical uses and biggest challenges of chloroplast genome modification. during the evolution of eukaryotes, cyanobacteria are believed to have merged with host heterotrophic cell. afterward, most of cyanobacterial genes from cyanobacteria were transferred to cell nucleus or lost in the process of endosymbiosis. as a result of these ... | 2016 | 27259501 |
| microbial transformations of selenium species of relevance to bioremediation. | selenium species, particularly the oxyanions selenite (seo3 (2-)) and selenate (seo4 (2-)), are significant pollutants in the environment that leach from rocks and are released by anthropogenic activities. selenium is also an essential micronutrient for organisms across the tree of life, including microorganisms and human beings, particularly because of its presence in the 21st genetically encoded amino acid, selenocysteine. environmental microorganisms are known to be capable of a range of tran ... | 2016 | 27260359 |