Publications

phylogeny of plant camtas and role of atcamtas in nonhost resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.	calmodulin-binding transcription activator (camta) constitutes one of the most important ca(2+)/cam-regulated transcription factor families in plants. nevertheless, the phylogeny, protein interaction network, and role in nonhost resistance of plant camtas are not well understood. in this study, 200 camta genes were identified from 35 species representing four major plant lineages. the camta genes were conserved in multicellular land plants but absent in unicellular eukaryotes, and were likely to ...	2016	26973658
mutation of the glucosinolate biosynthesis enzyme cytochrome p450 83a1 monooxygenase increases camalexin accumulation and powdery mildew resistance.	small secondary metabolites, including glucosinolates and the major phytoalexin camalexin, play important roles in immunity in arabidopsis thaliana. we isolated an arabidopsis mutant with increased resistance to the powdery mildew fungus golovinomyces cichoracearum and identified a mutation in the gene encoding cytochrome p450 83a1 monooxygenase (cyp83a1), which functions in glucosinolate biosynthesis. the cyp83a1-3 mutant exhibited enhanced defense responses to g. cichoracearum and double mutan ...	2016	26973671
a novel method of transcriptome interpretation reveals a quantitative suppressive effect on tomato immune signaling by two domains in a single pathogen effector protein.	effector proteins are translocated into host cells by plant-pathogens to undermine pattern-triggered immunity (pti), the plant response to microbe-associated molecular patterns that interferes with the infection process. individual effectors are found in variable repertoires where some constituents target the same pathways. the effector protein avrpto from pseudomonas syringae has a core domain (cd) and c-terminal domain (ctd) that each promotes bacterial growth and virulence in tomato. the indi ...	2016	26976140
the arabidopsis auxin receptor f-box proteins afb4 and afb5 are required for response to the synthetic auxin picloram.	the plant hormone auxin is perceived by a family of f-box proteins called the tir1/afbs. phylogenetic studies reveal that these proteins fall into four clades in flowering plants called tir1, afb2, afb4, and afb6. genetic studies indicate that members of the tir1 and afb2 groups act as positive regulators of auxin signaling by promoting the degradation of the aux/iaa transcriptional repressors. in this report, we demonstrate that both afb4 and afb5 also function as auxin receptors based on in vi ...	2016	26976444
identification and characterisation of dof transcription factors in the cucumber genome.	cucumber is vulnerable to many foliage diseases. recent studies reported cloning of candidate genes for several diseases in cucumber; however, the exact defence mechanisms remain unclear. dof genes have been shown to play significant roles in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. dof genes coding for plant-specific transcription factors can promote large-scale expression of defence-related genes at whole genome level. the genes in the family have been identifie ...	2016	26979661
modulation of r-gene expression across environments.	some environments are more conducive to pathogen growth than others, and, as a consequence, plants might be expected to invest more in resistance when pathogen growth is favored. resistance (r-) genes in arabidopsis thaliana have unusually extensive variation in basal expression when comparing the same r-gene among accessions collected from different environments. r-gene expression variation was characterized to explore whether r-gene expression is up-regulated in environments favoring pathogen ...	2016	26983577
cytokinin production by pseudomonas fluorescens g20-18 determines biocontrol activity against pseudomonas syringae in arabidopsis.	plant beneficial microbes mediate biocontrol of diseases by interfering with pathogens or via strengthening the host. although phytohormones, including cytokinins, are known to regulate plant development and physiology as well as plant immunity, their production by microorganisms has not been considered as a biocontrol mechanism. here we identify the ability of pseudomonas fluorescens g20-18 to efficiently control p. syringae infection in arabidopsis, allowing maintenance of tissue integrity and ...	2016	26984671
katg, the bifunctional catalase of xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, responds to hydrogen peroxide and contributes to epiphytic survival on citrus leaves.	xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) is the bacterium responsible for citrus canker. this bacterium is exposed to reactive oxygen species (ros) at different points during its life cycle, including those normally produced by aerobic respiration or upon exposition to ultraviolet (uv) radiation. moreover, ros are key components of the host immune response. among enzymatic ros-detoxifying mechanisms, catalases eliminate h2o2, avoiding the potential damage caused by this specie. xcc genome includes f ...	2016	26990197
production of the streptomyces scabies coronafacoyl phytotoxins involves a novel biosynthetic pathway with an f420 -dependent oxidoreductase and a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase.	coronafacoyl phytotoxins are secondary metabolites that are produced by various phytopathogenic bacteria, including several pathovars of the gram-negative bacterium pseudomonas syringae as well as the gram-positive potato scab pathogen streptomyces scabies. the phytotoxins are composed of the polyketide coronafacic acid (cfa) linked via an amide bond to amino acids or amino acid derivatives, and their biosynthesis involves the cfa and cfa-like gene clusters that are found in p. syringae and s. s ...	2016	26991928
horizontal gene acquisitions, mobile element proliferation, and genome decay in the host-restricted plant pathogen erwinia tracheiphila.	modern industrial agriculture depends on high-density cultivation of genetically similar crop plants, creating favorable conditions for the emergence of novel pathogens with increased fitness in managed compared with ecologically intact settings. here, we present the genome sequence of six strains of the cucurbit bacterial wilt pathogen erwinia tracheiphila (enterobacteriaceae) isolated from infected squash plants in new york, pennsylvania, kentucky, and michigan. these genomes exhibit a high pr ...	2016	26992913
natural variation in tomato reveals differences in the recognition of avrpto and avrptob effectors from pseudomonas syringae.	the pto protein kinase from solanum pimpinellifolium interacts with pseudomonas syringae effectors avrpto or avrptob to activate effector-triggered immunity. the previously solved crystal structures of the avrpto-pto and avrptob-pto complexes revealed that pto binds each effector through both a shared and a unique interface. here we use natural variation in wild species of tomato to further investigate pto recognition of these two effectors. one species, solanum chmielewskii, was found to have m ...	2016	26993968
environmental metabolomics of the tomato plant surface provides insights on salmonella enterica colonization.	foodborne illness-causing enteric bacteria are able to colonize plant surfaces without causing infection. we lack an understanding of how epiphytic persistence of enteric bacteria occurs on plants, possibly as an adaptive transit strategy to maximize chances of reentering herbivorous hosts. we used tomato (solanum lycopersicum) cultivars that have exhibited differential susceptibilities to salmonella enterica colonization to investigate the influence of plant surface compounds and exudates on en ...	2016	26994076
a highly infective plant-associated bacterium influences reproductive rates in pea aphids.	pea aphids, acyrthosiphon pisum, have the potential to increase reproduction as a defence against pathogens, though how frequently this occurs or how infection with live pathogens influences this response is not well understood. here we determine the minimum infective dose of an environmentally common bacterium and possible aphid pathogen, pseudomonas syringae, to determine the likelihood of pathogenic effects to pea aphids. additionally, we used p. syringae infection to investigate how live pat ...	2016	26998321
the structure and function of type iii secretion systems.	type iii secretion systems (t3sss) afford gram-negative bacteria an intimate means of altering the biology of their eukaryotic hosts--the direct delivery of effector proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm to that of the eukaryote. this incredible biophysical feat is accomplished by nanosyringe "injectisomes," which form a conduit across the three plasma membranes, peptidoglycan layer, and extracellular space that form a barrier to the direct delivery of proteins from bacterium to host. the focus ...	2016	26999392
studies on the infection, colonization, and movement of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit tissues using a gfpuv-labeled strain.	kiwifruit bacterial canker, an economically important disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), has caused severe losses in all major areas of kiwifruit cultivation. using a gfpuv-labeled strain of psa, we monitored the invasion, colonization, and movement of the pathogen in kiwifruit twigs, leaves and veins. the pathogen can invade twigs through both wounds and natural openings; the highest number of psa is obtained in cut tissues. we determined that, following spray inoculat ...	2016	26999596
identification and functional analysis of secreted effectors from phytoparasitic nematodes.	plant parasitic nematodes develop an intimate and long-term feeding relationship with their host plants. they induce a multi-nucleate feeding site close to the vascular bundle in the roots of their host plant and remain sessile for the rest of their life. nematode secretions, produced in the oesophageal glands and secreted through a hollow stylet into the host plant cytoplasm, are believed to play key role in pathogenesis. to combat these persistent pathogens, the identity and functional analysi ...	2016	27001199
identification of the three genes involved in controlling production of a phytotoxin tropolone in burkholderia plantarii.	tropolone, a phytotoxin produced by burkholderia plantarii, causes rice seedling blight. to identify genes involved in tropolone synthesis, we systematically constructed mutations in the genes encoding 55 histidine kinases and 72 response regulators. from the resulting defective strains, we isolated three mutants, ke1, ke2, and ke3, in which tropolone production was repressed. the deleted genes of these mutants were named tror1, trok, and tror2, respectively. the mutant strains did not cause ric ...	2016	27002128
in silico study on arabidopsis bag gene expression in response to environmental stresses.	bag (bcl-2 athanogene) family proteins are conserved in a wide range of eukaryotes, and they have been proposed to play a crucial role in plant programmed cell death (pcd). during the past decade, with the help of advanced bioinformatics tools, seven homologs of bag genes have been identified in the arabidopsis genome; these genes are involved in pathogen attack and abiotic stress conditions. in this study, gene expression of arabidopsis bag family members under environmental stresses was analyz ...	2016	27002965
in silico study on arabidopsis bag gene expression in response to environmental stresses.	bag (bcl-2 athanogene) family proteins are conserved in a wide range of eukaryotes, and they have been proposed to play a crucial role in plant programmed cell death (pcd). during the past decade, with the help of advanced bioinformatics tools, seven homologs of bag genes have been identified in the arabidopsis genome; these genes are involved in pathogen attack and abiotic stress conditions. in this study, gene expression of arabidopsis bag family members under environmental stresses was analyz ...	2016	27002965
banana fruit vq motif-containing protein5 represses cold-responsive transcription factor mawrky26 involved in the regulation of ja biosynthetic genes.	most harvested fruits and vegetables are stored at low temperature but many of them are highly sensitive to chilling injury. jasmonic acid (ja), a plant hormone associated with various stress responses, is known to reduce chilling injury in fruits. however, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of ja biosynthesis in relation to cold response of fruits. here, we show the involvement of a group i wrky transcription factor (tf) from banana fruit, mawrky26, in regulating ja biosynthes ...	2016	27004441
high diversity revealed in leaf-associated protists (rhizaria: cercozoa) of brassicaceae.	the largest biological surface on earth is formed by plant leaves. these leaf surfaces are colonized by a specialized suite of leaf-inhabiting microorganisms, recently termed "phyllosphere microbiome". microbial prey, however, attract microbial predators. protists in particular have been shown to structure bacterial communities on plant surfaces, but virtually nothing is known about the community composition of protists on leaves. using newly designed specific primers targeting the 18s rdna gene ...	2016	27005328
activation of plant innate immunity by extracellular high mobility group box 3 and its inhibition by salicylic acid.	damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (damps) signal the presence of tissue damage to induce immune responses in plants and animals. here, we report that high mobility group box 3 (hmgb3) is a novel plant damp. extracellular hmgb3, through receptor-like kinases bak1 and bkk1, induced hallmark innate immune responses, including i) mapk activation, ii) defense-related gene expression, iii) callose deposition, and iv) enhanced resistance to botrytis cinerea. infection by necrotrophic b. cin ...	2016	27007252
synthesis and evaluation of ester derivatives of 10-hydroxycanthin-6-one as potential antimicrobial agents.	as part of our continuing research on canthin-6-one antimicrobial agents, a new series of ester derivatives of 10-hydroxycanthin-6-one were synthesized using a simple and effective synthetic route. the structure of each compound was characterized by nmr, esi-ms, ft-ir, uv, and elemental analysis. the antimicrobial activity of these compounds against three phytopathogenic fungi (alternaria solani, fusarium graminearum, and fusarium solani) and four bacteria (bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, ra ...	2016	27007362
synthetic cyclolipopeptides selective against microbial, plant and animal cell targets by incorporation of d-amino acids or histidine.	cyclolipopeptides derived from the antimicrobial peptide c(lys-lys-leu-lys-lys-phe-lys-lys-leu-gln) (bpc194) were prepared on solid-phase and screened against four plant pathogens. the incorporation at lys5 of fatty acids of 4 to 9 carbon atoms led to active cyclolipopeptides. the influence on the antimicrobial activity of the lys residue that is derivatized was also evaluated. in general, acylation of lys1, lys2 or lys5 rendered the sequences with the highest activity. incorporation of a d-amin ...	2016	27008420
the copc family: structural and bioinformatic insights into a diverse group of periplasmic copper binding proteins.	the copc proteins are periplasmic copper binding proteins believed to play a role in bacterial copper homeostasis. previous studies have focused on copcs that are part of seven-protein cop or pco systems involved in copper resistance. these canonical copcs contain distinct cu(i) and cu(ii) binding sites. mounting evidence suggests that copcs are more widely distributed, often present only with the copd inner membrane protein, frequently as a fusion protein, and that the copc and copd proteins to ...	2016	27010565
characterization of novel bacteriophages for biocontrol of bacterial blight in leek caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. porri.	pseudomonas syringae pv. porri, the causative agent of bacterial blight in leek (allium porrum), is increasingly frequent causing problems in leek cultivation. because of the current lack of control measures, novel bacteriophages were isolated to control this pathogen using phage therapy. five novel phages were isolated from infected fields in flanders (vb_psym_kil1, vb_psym_kil2, vb_psym_kil3, vb_psym_kil4, and vb_psym_kil5), and were complemented with one selected host range mutant phage (vb_p ...	2016	27014204
overlapping yet response-specific transcriptome alterations characterize the nature of tobacco-pseudomonas syringae interactions.	in this study transcriptomic alterations of bacterially induced pattern triggered immunity (pti) were compared with other types of tobacco-pseudomonas interactions. in addition, using pharmacological agents we blocked some signal transduction pathways (ca(2+) influx, kinases, phospholipases, proteasomic protein degradation) to find out how they contribute to gene expression during pti. pti is the first defense response of plant cells to microbes, elicited by their widely conserved molecular patt ...	2016	27014286
the evolutionarily conserved e3 ubiquitin ligase atchip contributes to plant immunity.	plants possess a sophisticated immune system to recognize and respond to microbial threats in their environment. the level of immune signaling must be tightly regulated so that immune responses can be quickly activated in the presence of pathogens, while avoiding autoimmunity. hsp90s, along with their diverse array of co-chaperones, forms chaperone complexes that have been shown to play both positive and negative roles in regulating the accumulation of immune receptors and regulators. in this st ...	2016	27014328
editorial: lipid signaling in plant development and responses to environmental stresses.		2016	27014335
calcium sensors as key hubs in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.	the ca(2+) ion is recognized as a crucial second messenger in signaling pathways coupling the perception of environmental stimuli to plant adaptive responses. indeed, one of the earliest events following the perception of environmental changes (temperature, salt stress, drought, pathogen, or herbivore attack) is intracellular variation of free calcium concentrations. these calcium variations differ in their spatio-temporal characteristics (subcellular location, amplitude, kinetics) with the natu ...	2016	27014336
type iii-dependent translocation of hrpb2 by a nonpathogenic hpaabc mutant of the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria.	the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria employs a type iii secretion (t3s) system to translocate effector proteins into plant cells. the t3s apparatus spans both bacterial membranes and is associated with an extracellular pilus and a channel-like translocon in the host plasma membrane. t3s is controlled by the switch protein hpac, which suppresses secretion and translocation of the predicted inner rod protein hrpb2 and promotes secretion of translocon and effector p ...	2016	27016569
effective production of pro-gly by mutagenesis of l-amino acid ligase.	l-amino acid ligase (lal) catalyzes dipeptide synthesis from unprotected l-amino acids by hydrolysis atp to adp. each lal displays unique substrate specificity, and many different dipeptides can be synthesized by selecting suitable lal. we have already successfully synthesized met-gly selectively by replacing the pro85 residues of lal from bacillus licheniformis (bl00235). from these results, we deduced that the amino acid residue at position 85 had a key role in enzyme activity, and applied the ...	2016	27017332
overexpression of poplar ptrwrky89 in transgenic arabidopsis leads to a reduction of disease resistance by regulating defense-related genes in salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent signaling.	the plant hormones jasmonic acid (ja) and salicylic acid (sa) play key roles in plant defenses against pathogens and several wrky transcription factors have been shown to have a role in sa/ja crosstalk. in a previous study, overexpression of the poplar wrky gene ptrwrky89 enhanced resistance to pathogens in transgenic poplars. in this study, the promoter of ptrwrky89 (proptrwrky89) was isolated and used to drive gus reporter gene. high gus activity was observed in old leaves of transgenic arabid ...	2016	27019084
proteome biomarkers in xylem reveal pierce's disease tolerance in grape.	pierce's disease (pd) is a significant threat to grape cultivation and industry. the disease caused by bacterium xylella fastidiosa clogs xylem vessels resulting in wilting of the plant. pd-tolerant grape genotypes are believed to produce certain novel components in xylem tissue that help them to combat invading pathogens. research has been aimed at characterizing the uniquely expressed xylem proteins by pd-tolerant genotypes. the objectives were to i) compare and characterize vitis xylem protei ...	2015	27019567
evaluation of putative reference genes for quantitative real-time pcr normalization in lilium regale during development and under stress.	normalization to reference genes is the most common method to avoid bias in real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr), which has been widely used for quantification of gene expression. despite several studies on gene expression, lilium, and particularly l. regale, has not been fully investigated regarding the evaluation of reference genes suitable for normalization. in this study, nine putative reference genes, namely 18s rrna, act, bhlh, cla, cyp, ef1, gapdh, sand and tip41, were analyzed for accurate ...	2016	27019788
the roles of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in cellular signaling and stress response in plants.	mitochondria produce atp via respiratory oxidation of organic acids and transfer of electrons to o2 via the mitochondrial electron transport chain. this process produces reactive oxygen species (ros) at various rates that can impact respiratory and cellular function, affecting a variety of signaling processes in the cell. roles in redox signaling, retrograde signaling, plant hormone action, programmed cell death, and defense against pathogens have been attributed to ros generated in plant mitoch ...	2016	27021189
overexpression of slupa-like induces cell enlargement, aberrant development and low stress tolerance through phytohormonal pathway in tomato.	upa20 induces cell enlargement and hypertrophy development. in our research, overexpression of slupa-like, orthologous to upa20, severely affected the growth of vegetative and reproductive tissues. wilted leaves curled upwardly and sterile flowers were found in transgenic lines. through anatomical analysis, palisade and spongy tissues showed fluffy and hypertrophic development in transgenic plants. gene expression analysis showed that ga responsive, biosynthetic and signal transduction genes (e. ...	2016	27025226
resistance-nodulation-division multidrug efflux pumps in gram-negative bacteria: role in virulence.	resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) efflux pumps are one of the most important determinants of multidrug resistance (mdr) in gram-negative bacteria. with an ever increasing number of gram-negative clinical isolates exhibiting mdr phenotypes as a result of the activity of rnd pumps, it is clear that the design of novel effective clinical strategies against such pathogens must be grounded in a better understanding of these pumps, including their physiological roles. to this end, recent evidence s ...	2013	27029297
molecular mechanisms and clinical impact of acquired and intrinsic fosfomycin resistance.	bacterial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant isolates have become a major health problem in recent years, since they are very difficult to treat, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits cell wall biosynthesis in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. this antibiotic has a unique mechanism of action and inhibits the initial step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis by blocking the enzyme, mura. fosfomycin has ...	2013	27029300
coexpression network analysis of the genes regulated by two types of resistance responses to powdery mildew in wheat.	powdery mildew disease caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) inflicts severe economic losses in wheat crops. a systematic understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in wheat resistance to bgt is essential for effectively controlling the disease. here, using the diploid wheat triticum urartu as a host, the genes regulated by immune (im) and hypersensitive reaction (hr) resistance responses to bgt were investigated through transcriptome sequencing. four gene coexpression network ...	2016	27033636
the compact genome of the plant pathogen plasmodiophora brassicae is adapted to intracellular interactions with host brassica spp.	the protist plasmodiophora brassicae is a soil-borne pathogen of cruciferous species and the causal agent of clubroot disease of brassicas including agriculturally important crops such as canola/rapeseed (brassica napus). p. brassicae has remained an enigmatic plant pathogen and is a rare example of an obligate biotroph that resides entirely inside the host plant cell. the pathogen is the cause of severe yield losses and can render infested fields unsuitable for brassica crop growth due to the p ...	2016	27036196
arabidopsis heterotrimeric g proteins regulate immunity by directly coupling to the fls2 receptor.	the arabidopsis immune receptor fls2 perceives bacterial flagellin epitope flg22 to activate defenses through the central cytoplasmic kinase bik1. the heterotrimeric g proteins composed of the non-canonical gα protein xlg2, the gβ protein agb1, and the gγ proteins agg1 and agg2 are required for fls2-mediated immune responses through an unknown mechanism. here we show that in the pre-activation state, xlg2 directly interacts with fls2 and bik1, and it functions together with agb1 and agg1/2 to at ...	2016	27043937
mir-15b and mir-21 as circulating biomarkers for diagnosis of glioma.	malignant gliomas are lethal primary intracranial tumors. to date, little information on the role of deregulated genes in gliomas have been identified. as the involvement of mirnas in the carcinogenesis is well known, we carried out a pilot study to identify, as potential biomarkers, differentially expressed micrornas in blood samples of patients affected by glioma. we studied the mirnas' expression, by means of microarray and real-time pcr, in 30 blood samples from glioma patients and in 82 blo ...	2015	27047250
the black-box of plant apoplast lipidomes.		2016	27047507
activation of shikimate, phenylpropanoid, oxylipins, and auxin pathways in pectobacterium carotovorum elicitors-treated moss.	plants have developed complex defense mechanisms to cope with microbial pathogens. pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) are perceived by pattern recognition receptors (prrs), leading to the activation of defense. while substantial progress has been made in understanding the activation of plant defense by pamps and damps recognition in tracheophytes, far less information exists on related processes in early divergent plants like mosses. t ...	2016	27047509
editorial: control of plant pathogens by biogenic elicitors and possible mechanisms of action.		2016	27047518
the mechanism of ethylene signaling induced by endophytic fungus gilmaniella sp. al12 mediating sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis in atractylodes lancea.	ethylene, the first known gaseous phytohormone, is involved in plant growth, development as well as responses to environmental signals. however, limited information is available on the role of ethylene in endophytic fungi induced secondary metabolites biosynthesis. atractylodes lancea is a traditional chinese herb, and its quality depends on the main active compounds sesquiterpenoids. this work showed that the endophytic fungus gilmaniella sp. al12 induced ethylene production in atractylodes lan ...	2016	27047528
external and internal triggers of cell death in yeast.	in recent years, yeast was confirmed as a useful eukaryotic model system to decipher the complex mechanisms and networks occurring in higher eukaryotes, particularly in mammalian cells, in physiological as well in pathological conditions. this article focuses attention on the contribution of yeast in the study of a very complex scenario, because of the number and interconnection of pathways, represented by cell death. yeast, although it is a unicellular organism, possesses the basal machinery of ...	2016	27048816
impaired chloroplast biogenesis in immutans, an arabidopsis variegation mutant, modifies developmental programming, cell wall composition and resistance to pseudomonas syringae.	the immutans (im) variegation mutation of arabidopsis has green- and white- sectored leaves due to action of a nuclear recessive gene. im codes for ptox, a plastoquinol oxidase in plastid membranes. previous studies have revealed that the green and white sectors develop into sources (green tissues) and sinks (white tissues) early in leaf development. in this report we focus on white sectors, and show that their transformation into effective sinks involves a sharp reduction in plastid number and ...	2016	27050746
characterization of a temperature-responsive two component regulatory system from the antarctic archaeon, methanococcoides burtonii.	cold environments dominate the earth's biosphere and the resident microorganisms play critical roles in fulfilling global biogeochemical cycles. however, only few studies have examined the molecular basis of thermosensing; an ability that microorganisms must possess in order to respond to environmental temperature and regulate cellular processes. two component regulatory systems have been inferred to function in thermal regulation of gene expression, but biochemical studies assessing these syste ...	2016	27052690
jasmonate signalling in arabidopsis involves sgt1b-hsp70-hsp90 chaperone complexes.	plant hormones play pivotal roles in growth, development and stress responses. although it is essential to our understanding of hormone signalling, how plants maintain a steady state level of hormone receptors is poorly understood. we show that mutation of the arabidopsis thaliana co-chaperone sgt1b impairs responses to the plant hormones jasmonate, auxin and gibberellic acid, but not brassinolide and abscisic acid, and that sgt1b and its homologue sgt1a are involved in maintaining the steady st ...	2015	27054042
riboflavin-induced disease resistance requires the mitogen-activated protein kinases 3 and 6 in arabidopsis thaliana.	as a resistance elicitor, riboflavin (vitamin b2) protects plants against a wide range of pathogens. at molecular biological levels, it is important to elucidate the signaling pathways underlying the disease resistance induced by riboflavin. here, riboflavin was tested to induce resistance against virulent pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst dc3000) in arabidopsis. results showed that riboflavin induced disease resistance based on mapk-dependent priming for the expression of pr1 gene. ri ...	2016	27054585
draft genome sequences of 18 strains of pseudomonas isolated from kiwifruit plants in new zealand and overseas.	in this paper, we present the draft sequences of 18 genetically diversepseudomonasstrains isolated from kiwifruit plants in new zealand and overseas, including a number that are currently not fully characterized. these sequences will aid in the diagnosis ofpseudomonason kiwifruit for future pest management and border security decision-making.	2016	27056212
barley disease susceptibility factor racb acts in epidermal cell polarity and positioning of the nucleus.	rho gtpases are regulators of cell polarity and immunity in eukaryotes. in plants, rho-like rac/rop gtpases are regulators of cell shaping, hormone responses, and responses to microbial pathogens. the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) rac/rop protein racb is required for full susceptibility to penetration by blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (bgh), the barley powdery mildew fungus. disease susceptibility factors often control host immune responses. here we show that racb does not interfere with early mic ...	2016	27056842
amino acids implicated in plant defense are higher in candidatus liberibacter asiaticus-tolerant citrus varieties.	citrus huanglongbing (hlb), also known as citrus greening, has been threatening the citrus industry since the early 1900's and up to this date there are no effective cures for this disease. field observations and greenhouse controlled studies demonstrated that some citrus genotypes are more tolerant to candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas) pathogen than others. however, the mechanisms underpinning tolerance has not been determined yet. the phloem sap composition of clas-tolerant and sensitive ...	2016	27057814
inhibition of cathepsin b by caspase-3 inhibitors blocks programmed cell death in arabidopsis.	programmed cell death (pcd) is used by plants for development and survival to biotic and abiotic stresses. the role of caspases in pcd is well established in animal cells. over the past 15 years, the importance of caspase-3-like enzymatic activity for plant pcd completion has been widely documented despite the absence of caspase orthologues. in particular, caspase-3 inhibitors blocked nearly all plant pcd tested. here, we affinity-purified a plant caspase-3-like activity using a biotin-labelled ...	2016	27058316
coordinated regulation of species-specific hydroxycinnamic acid degradation and siderophore biosynthesis pathways in agrobacterium fabrum.	the rhizosphere-inhabiting species agrobacterium fabrum (genomospecies g8 of the agrobacterium tumefaciens species complex) is known to degrade hydroxycinnamic acids (hcas), especially ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid, via the novel a. fabrum hca degradation pathway. gene expression profiles of a. fabrum strain c58 were investigated in the presence of hcas, using a c58 whole-genome oligoarray. both ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid caused variations in the expression of more than 10% of the c58 g ...	2016	27060117
absence of phosphatidylcholine in bacterial membranes facilitates translocation of sec-dependent β-lactamase ampc from cytoplasm to periplasm in two pseudomonas strains.	phosphatidylcholine (pc) is a rare membrane lipid in bacteria but crucial for virulence of various plant and animal pathogens. the pcs- mutant lacking pc in bacterial membranes of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van hall 1336 displayed more ampicillin resistance. ampicillin susceptibility tests gave an ic50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) of 52 mg/ml for pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van hall 1336, 53 mg/ml for the complemented strain 1336 rm (pcs-/+) and 90 mg/ml for the 1336 pcs- ...	2016	27060745
the hopf family of pseudomonas syringae type iii secreted effectors.	pseudomonas syringae is a bacterial phytopathogen that utilizes the type iii secretion system to inject effector proteins into plant host cells. pseudomonas syringae can infect a wide range of plant hosts, including agronomically important crops such as tomatoes and beans. the ability of p. syringae to infect such numerous hosts is caused, in part, by the diversity of effectors employed by this phytopathogen. over 60 different effector families exist in p. syringae; one such family is hopf, whic ...	2017	27061875
transgenic soybean overexpressing gmsamt1 exhibits resistance to multiple-hg types of soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines.	soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) salicylic acid methyl transferase (gmsamt1) catalyses the conversion of salicylic acid to methyl salicylate. prior results showed that when gmsamt1 was overexpressed in transgenic soybean hairy roots, resistance is conferred against soybean cyst nematode (scn), heterodera glycines ichinohe. in this study, we produced transgenic soybean overexpressing gmsamt1 and characterized their response to various scn races. transgenic plants conferred a significant reduction ...	2016	27064027
pectobacterium atrosepticum and pectobacterium carotovorum harbor distinct, independently acquired integrative and conjugative elements encoding coronafacic acid that enhance virulence on potato stems.	integrative and conjugative elements (ices) play a central role in the evolution of bacterial virulence, their transmission between bacteria often leading to the acquisition of virulence factors that alter host range or aggressiveness. much is known about the functions of the virulence determinants that ices harbor, but little is understood about the cryptic effects of ices on their host cell. in this study, the importance of horizontally acquired island 2 (hai2), an ice in the genome of pectoba ...	2016	27065965
dynamic protein acetylation in plant-pathogen interactions.	pathogen infection triggers complex molecular perturbations within host cells that results in either resistance or susceptibility. protein acetylation is an emerging biochemical modification that appears to play central roles during host-pathogen interactions. to date, research in this area has focused on two main themes linking protein acetylation to plant immune signaling. firstly, it has been established that proper gene expression during defense responses requires modulation of histone acety ...	2016	27066055
sinapic acid and its derivatives as medicine in oxidative stress-induced diseases and aging.	sinapic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) is an orally bioavailable phytochemical, extensively found in spices, citrus and berry fruits, vegetables, cereals, and oilseed crops and is known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimutagenic, antiglycemic, neuroprotective, and antibacterial activities. the literature reveals that sinapic acid is a bioactive phenolic acid and has the potential to attenuate various chemically induced toxicities. this minireview is an effo ...	2015	27069529
sinapic acid and its derivatives as medicine in oxidative stress-induced diseases and aging.	sinapic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) is an orally bioavailable phytochemical, extensively found in spices, citrus and berry fruits, vegetables, cereals, and oilseed crops and is known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimutagenic, antiglycemic, neuroprotective, and antibacterial activities. the literature reveals that sinapic acid is a bioactive phenolic acid and has the potential to attenuate various chemically induced toxicities. this minireview is an effo ...	2015	27069529
ralstonia solanacearum type iii effector ripay is a glutathione-degrading enzyme that is activated by plant cytosolic thioredoxins and suppresses plant immunity.	the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum uses a large repertoire of type iii effector proteins to succeed in infection. to clarify the function of effector proteins in host eukaryote cells, we expressed effectors in yeast cells and identified seven effector proteins that interfere with yeast growth. one of the effector proteins, ripay, was found to share homology with the chac family proteins that function as γ-glutamyl cyclotransferases, which degrade glutathione (gsh), a tripeptide that plays ...	2016	27073091
screen identifying arabidopsis transcription factors involved in the response to 9-lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins.	13-lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins, such as jasmonates act as potent signaling molecules in plants. although experimental evidence supports the impact of oxylipins generated by the 9-lipoxygenase (9-lox) pathway in root development and pathogen defense, their signaling function in plants remains largely elusive. based on the root growth inhibiting properties of the 9-lox-oxylipin 9-hot (9-hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid), we established a screening approach aiming at identifying transcript ...	2016	27073862
pathogen-responsive mpk3 and mpk6 reprogram the biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates and their derivatives in arabidopsis immunity.	antimicrobial compounds have critical roles in plant immunity; for example, arabidopsis thaliana and other crucifers deploy phytoalexins and glucosinolate derivatives in defense against pathogens. the pathogen-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase3 (mpk3) and mpk6 have essential functions in the induction of camalexin, the major phytoalexin in arabidopsis. in search of cyanide, a coproduct of ethylene and camalexin biosynthesis, we found that mpk3 and mpk6 also affect the accumulation of e ...	2016	27081184
arabidopsis thaliana dm2h (r8) within the landsberg rpp1-like resistance locus underlies three different cases of eds1-conditioned autoimmunity.	plants have a large panel of nucleotide-binding/leucine rich repeat (nlr) immune receptors which monitor host interference by diverse pathogen molecules (effectors) and trigger disease resistance pathways. nlr receptor systems are necessarily under tight control to mitigate the trade-off between induced defenses and growth. hence, mis-regulated nlrs often cause autoimmunity associated with stunting and, in severe cases, necrosis. nucleocytoplasmic enhanced disease susceptibility1 (eds1) is indis ...	2016	27082651
the bile acid deoxycholate elicits defences in arabidopsis and reduces bacterial infection.	disease has an effect on crop yields, causing significant losses. as the worldwide demand for agricultural products increases, there is a need to pursue the development of new methods to protect crops from disease. one mechanism of plant protection is through the activation of the plant immune system. by exogenous application, 'plant activator molecules' with elicitor properties can be used to activate the plant immune system. these defence-inducing molecules represent a powerful and often envir ...	2017	27085087
plant sphingolipids: their importance in cellular organization and adaption.	sphingolipids and their phosphorylated derivatives are ubiquitous bio-active components of cells. they are structural elements in the lipid bilayer and contribute to the dynamic nature of the membrane. they have been implicated in many cellular processes in yeast and animal cells, including aspects of signaling, apoptosis, and senescence. although sphingolipids have a better defined role in animal systems, they have been shown to be central to many essential processes in plants including but not ...	2016	27086144
understanding the ecology and evolution of host-parasite interactions across scales.	predicting the emergence, spread and evolution of parasites within and among host populations requires insight to both the spatial and temporal scales of adaptation, including an understanding of within-host up through community-level dynamics. although there are very few pathosystems for which such extensive data exist, there has been a recent push to integrate studies performed over multiple scales or to simultaneously test for dynamics occurring across scales. drawing on examples from the lit ...	2015	27087838
understanding the ecology and evolution of host-parasite interactions across scales.	predicting the emergence, spread and evolution of parasites within and among host populations requires insight to both the spatial and temporal scales of adaptation, including an understanding of within-host up through community-level dynamics. although there are very few pathosystems for which such extensive data exist, there has been a recent push to integrate studies performed over multiple scales or to simultaneously test for dynamics occurring across scales. drawing on examples from the lit ...	2015	27087838
decipher the molecular response of plant single cell types to environmental stresses.	the analysis of the molecular response of entire plants or organs to environmental stresses suffers from the cellular complexity of the samples used. specifically, this cellular complexity masks cell-specific responses to environmental stresses and logically leads to the dilution of the molecular changes occurring in each cell type composing the tissue/organ/plant in response to the stress. therefore, to generate a more accurate picture of these responses, scientists are focusing on plant single ...	2016	27088086
characterization of a novel cotton subtilase gene gbsbt1 in response to extracellular stimulations and its role in verticillium resistance.	verticillium wilt is a disastrous vascular disease in plants caused by verticillium dahliae. verticillium pathogens secrete various disease-causing effectors in cotton. this study identified a subtilase gene gbsbt1 from gossypium babardense and investigated the roles against v. dahliae infection. gbsbt1 gene expression is responsive to v. dahliae defense signals, jasmonic acid, and ethylene treatments. moreover, the gbsbt1 protein is mainly localized in the cell membrane and moves into the cytop ...	2016	27088499
insights from the genome sequence of acidovorax citrulli m6, a group i strain of the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits.	acidovorax citrulli is a seedborne bacterium that causes bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbit plants including watermelon and melon. a. citrulli strains can be divided into two major groups based on dna fingerprint analyses and biochemical properties. group i strains have been generally isolated from non-watermelon cucurbits, while group ii strains are closely associated with watermelon. in the present study, we report the genome sequence of m6, a group i model a. citrulli strain, isolated from me ...	2016	27092114
emerging roles of strigolactones in plant responses to stress and development.	our environment constantly undergoes changes either natural or manmade affecting growth and development of all the organisms including plants. plants are sessile in nature and therefore to counter environmental changes such as light, temperature, nutrient and water availability, pathogen, and many others; plants have evolved intricate signaling mechanisms, composed of multiple components including several plant hormones. research conducted in the last decade has placed strigolactones (sls) in th ...	2016	27092155
reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide control early steps of the legume - rhizobium symbiotic interaction.	the symbiotic interaction between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobium bacteria leads to the formation of a new organ, the nodule. early steps of the interaction are characterized by the production of bacterial nod factors, the reorientation of root-hair tip growth, the formation of an infection thread (it) in the root hair, and the induction of cell division in inner cortical cells of the root, leading to a nodule primordium formation. reactive oxygen species (ros) and nitric oxide (no) have b ...	2016	27092165
augmenting sulfur metabolism and herbivore defense in arabidopsis by bacterial volatile signaling.	sulfur is an element necessary for the life cycle of higher plants. its assimilation and reduction into essential biomolecules are pivotal factors determining a plant's growth and vigor as well as resistance to environmental stress. while certain soil microbes can enhance ion solubility via chelating agents or oxidation, microbial regulation of plant-sulfur assimilation has not been reported. with an increasing understanding that soil microbes can activate growth and stress tolerance in plants v ...	2016	27092166
genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase in tomato.	calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) play critical roles in regulating growth, development and stress response in plants. information about cdpks in tomato, however, remains obscure although it is one of the most important model crops in the world. in this study, we performed a bioinformatics analysis of the entire tomato genome and identified 29 cdpk genes. these cdpk genes are found to be located in 12 chromosomes, and could be divided into four groups. analysis of the gene structure and ...	2016	27092168
cross-regulation between n metabolism and nitric oxide (no) signaling during plant immunity.	plants are sessile organisms that have evolved a complex immune system which helps them cope with pathogen attacks. however, the capacity of a plant to mobilize different defense responses is strongly affected by its physiological status. nitrogen (n) is a major nutrient that can play an important role in plant immunity by increasing or decreasing plant resistance to pathogens. although no general rule can be drawn about the effect of n availability and quality on the fate of plant/pathogen inte ...	2016	27092169
detection of peroxynitrite in plants exposed to bacterial infection.	peroxynitrite is a highly reactive derivative of nitric oxide (no) which is gaining attention in the plant biology community because it may play a role in no signaling during biotic stress. peroxynitrite can react with many different biomolecules, but its ability to nitrate the tyrosine residues of proteins is particularly important because this may regulate defense signaling in response to pathogens. the analysis of peroxynitrite levels in the context of its proposed defense role requires an ac ...	2016	27094421
proteomics and functional analyses of arabidopsis nitrilases involved in the defense response to microbial pathogens.	proteomics and functional analyses of the arabidopsis - pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato interactions reveal that arabidopsis nitrilases are required for plant defense and r gene-mediated resistant responses to microbial pathogens. a high-throughput in planta proteome screen has identified arabidopsis nitrilase 2 (atnit2), which was de novo-induced by pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) infection. the atnit2, atnit3, and atnit4 genes, but not atnit1, were distinctly induced in arabidopsis leave ...	2016	27095107
structure, organization and evolution of adp-ribosylation factors in rice and foxtail millet, and their expression in rice.	adp-ribosylation factors (arfs) have been reported to function in diverse physiological and molecular activities. recent evidences also demonstrate the involvement of arfs in conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plant species. in the present study, 23 and 25 arf proteins were identified in c3 model- rice and c4 model- foxtail millet, respectively. these proteins are classified into four classes (i-iv) based on phylogenetic analysis, with arfs in classes i-iii and arf-like prote ...	2016	27097755
transcriptional regulation of receptor-like protein genes by environmental stresses and hormones and their overexpression activities in arabidopsis thaliana.	receptor-like proteins (rlps) have been implicated in multiple biological processes, including plant development and immunity to microbial infection. fifty-seven atrlp genes have been identified in arabidopsis, whereas only a few have been functionally characterized. this is due to the lack of suitable physiological screening conditions and the high degree of functional redundancy among atrlp genes. to overcome the functional redundancy and further understand the role of atrlp genes, we studied ...	2016	27099374
atsweet4, a hexose facilitator, mediates sugar transport to axial sinks and affects plant development.	plants transport photoassimilates from source organs to sink tissues through the phloem translocation pathway. in the transport phloem, sugars that escape from the sieve tubes are released into the apoplasmic space between the sieve element/companion cell complex (se/cc) and phloem parenchyma cells (ppcs) during the process of long-distance transport. the competition for sugar acquisition between se/cc and adjoining ppcs is mediated by plasma membrane translocators. yfp-tagged atsweet4 protein i ...	2016	27102826
genome sequence of the endophytic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis strain kb1, a potential biocontrol agent against phytopathogens.	italic! bacillus thuringiensisis the most widely known microbial pesticide used in agricultural applications. herein, we report a draft genome sequence of the endophytic bacterium italic! bacillus thuringiensisstrain kb1, which exhibits antagonism against phytopathogens.	2016	27103716
contribution of vegetation to the microbial composition of nearby outdoor air.	given that epiphytic microbes are often found in large population sizes on plants, we tested the hypothesis that plants are quantitatively important local sources of airborne microorganisms. the abundance of microbial communities, determined by quantifying bacterial 16s rna genes and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (its) region, in air collected directly above vegetation was 2- to 10-fold higher than that in air collected simultaneously in an adjacent nonvegetated area 50 m upwind. nonmet ...	2016	27107117
gamr, the lysr-type galactose metabolism regulator, regulates hrp gene expression via transcriptional activation of two key hrp regulators, hrpg and hrpx, in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.	xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight of rice. for the virulence of the bacterium, the hrp genes, encoding components of the type iii secretion system, are indispensable. the expression of hrp genes is regulated by two key hrp regulators, hrpg and hrpx: hrpg regulates hrpx, and hrpx regulates other hrp genes. several other regulators have been shown to be involved in the regulation of hrp genes. here, we found that a lysr-type transcriptional regulator that w ...	2016	27107122
atwrky22 promotes susceptibility to aphids and modulates salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling.	aphids induce many transcriptional perturbations in their host plants, but the signalling cascades responsible and the effects on plant resistance are largely unknown. through a genome-wide association (gwa) mapping study in arabidopsis thaliana, we identified wrky22 as a candidate gene associated with feeding behaviour of the green peach aphid, myzus persicae the transcription factor wrky22 is known to be involved in pathogen-triggered immunity, and wrky22 gene expression has been shown to be i ...	2016	27107291
mirna863-3p sequentially targets negative immune regulator arlpks and positive regulator serrate upon bacterial infection.	plant small rnas play important roles in gene regulation during pathogen infection. here we show that mir863-3p is induced by the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae carrying various effectors. early during infection, mir863-3p silences two negative regulators of plant defence, atypical receptor-like pseudokinase1 (arlpk1) and arlpk2, both lacking extracellular domains and kinase activity, through mrna degradation to promote immunity. arlpk1 associates with, and may function through another ...	2016	27108563
molecular characterization and global expression analysis of lectin receptor kinases in bread wheat (triticum aestivum).	lectin receptor kinases (lrks) play a critical role in plants during development and stress conditions, but a comprehensive analysis at genome level is still not carried out in triticum aestivum. herein, we performed the genome wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of these genes in t. aestivum (talrk). in-total 263 talrk genes were identified, which were further classified into three groups based on the nature of lectin domain. we identified, two talrks consisted of calc ...	2016	27111449
the entner-doudoroff pathway is an overlooked glycolytic route in cyanobacteria and plants.	glucose degradation pathways are central for energy and carbon metabolism throughout all domains of life. they provide atp, nad(p)h, and biosynthetic precursors for amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids. it is general knowledge that cyanobacteria and plants oxidize carbohydrates via glycolysis [the embden-meyerhof-parnas (emp) pathway] and the oxidative pentose phosphate (opp) pathway. however, we found that both possess a third, previously overlooked pathway of glucose breakdown: the entner ...	2016	27114545
enhanced rice blast resistance by crispr/cas9-targeted mutagenesis of the erf transcription factor gene oserf922.	rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice worldwide. the adoption of host resistance has proven to be the most economical and effective approach to control rice blast. in recent years, sequence-specific nucleases (ssns) have been demonstrated to be powerful tools for the improvement of crops via gene-specific genome editing, and crispr/cas9 is thought to be the most effective ssn. here, we report the improvement of rice blast resistance by engineering a crispr/cas9 ssn (c ...	2016	27116122
differential modulation of plant immune responses by diverse members of the pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi hopaf type iii effector family.	the pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi ncppb 3335 type iii secretion system (t3ss) effector repertoire includes 33 candidates, seven of which translocate into host cells and interfere with plant defences. the present study was performed to investigate the co-existence of both plasmid- and chromosomal-encoded members of the hopaf effector family, hopaf1-1 and hopaf1-2, respectively, in the genome of ncppb 3335. here, we show that the hopaf1 paralogues are widely distributed in the pseudomonas ...	2016	27116193
immune responses induced by oligogalacturonides are differentially affected by avrpto and loss of bak1/bkk1 and pepr1/pepr2.	plants possess an innate immune system capable of restricting invasion by most potential pathogens. at the cell surface, the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) represents the first event for the prompt mounting of an effective immune response. pathogens have evolved effectors that block mamp-triggered immunity. the pseudomonas syringae effector avrpto abolishes immunity triggered ...	2017	27118426
tobacco mosaic virus-directed reprogramming of auxin/indole acetic acid protein transcriptional responses enhances virus phloem loading.	vascular phloem loading has long been recognized as an essential step in the establishment of a systemic virus infection. in this study, an interaction between the replication protein of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and phloem-specific auxin/indole acetic acid (aux/iaa) transcriptional regulators was found to modulate virus phloem loading in an age-dependent manner. promoter expression studies show that in mature tissues tmv 126/183-kda-interacting aux/iaas predominantly express and accumulate wit ...	2016	27118842
cytotoxic effect and tlc bioautography-guided approach to detect health properties of amazonian hedyosmum sprucei essential oil.	bioautography has been used as rapid and easy strategy to detect and identify bioactive fractions/molecules in the never before investigated hedyosmum sprucei solms (chloranthaceae) essential oil (eo). the antioxidant activity, performed through dpph bioautographic assay and spectrophotometric evaluations (ic50 = 230 ± 10 µg/ml), seemed to be mainly due to α-cadinol and α-muurolol. (hp)tlc bioautography, focused on antimicrobial capacities, pointed out α-cadinol, α-muurolol, τ-muurolol, caryophy ...	2016	27118979
viral protein suppresses oxidative burst and salicylic acid-dependent autophagy and facilitates bacterial growth on virus-infected plants.	virus interactions with plant silencing and innate immunity pathways can potentially alter the susceptibility of virus-infected plants to secondary infections with nonviral pathogens. we found that arabidopsis plants infected with cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) or transgenic for camv silencing suppressor p6 exhibit increased susceptibility to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) and allow robust growth of the pst mutant hrcc-, which cannot deploy effectors to suppress innate immunity. the impa ...	2016	27120694
the n-terminus of the floral arabidopsis tga transcription factor perianthia mediates redox-sensitive dna-binding.	the arabidopsis tga transcription factor (tf) perianthia (pan) regulates the formation of the floral organ primordia as revealed by the pan mutant forming an abnormal pentamerous arrangement of the outer three floral whorls. the arabidopsis tga bzip tf family comprises 10 members, of which pan and tga9/10 control flower developmental processes and tga1/2/5/6 participate in stress-responses. for the tga1 protein it was shown that several cysteines can be redox-dependently modified. tga proteins i ...	2016	27128442
tnl genes in peach: insights into the post-lrr domain.	plants develop sustainable defence responses to pathogen attacks through resistance (r) genes contributing to effector-triggered immunity (eti). tir-nb-lrr genes (tnl genes) constitute a major family of eti r genes in dicots. the putative functions or roles of the tir, nb and lrr domains of the proteins they encode (tnls) are well documented, but tnls also have a poorly characterised c-terminal region, the function of which is unknown in most cases. we characterised this prevalent stress-respons ...	2016	27129402