Publications

analysis of the salivary microbiome using culture-independent techniques.	the salivary microbiota is a potential diagnostic indicator of several diseases. culture-independent techniques are required to study the salivary microbial community since many of its members have not been cultivated.	2012	22300522
gamma heavy-chain disease: defining the spectrum of associated lymphoproliferative disorders through analysis of 13 cases.	gamma heavy-chain disease (ghcd) is defined as a lymphoplasmacytic neoplasm that produces an abnormally truncated immunoglobulin gamma heavy-chain protein that lacks associated light chains. there is scant information in the literature regarding the morphologic findings in this rare disorder, but cases have often been reported to resemble lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (lpl). to clarify the spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders that may be associated with ghcd, this study reports the clinical, m ...	2012	22301495
persistent helicobacter pullorum colonization in c57bl/6ntac mice: a new mouse model for an emerging zoonosis.	helicobacter pullorum, an enterohepatic helicobacter species, is associated with gastroenteritis and hepatobiliary disease in humans and chickens. recently, a novel h. pullorum outbreak in barrier-maintained rats and mice was described. in this study, persistence of infection and serological responses were further evaluated in h. pullorum-infected female c57bl/6ntac and c3h/hentac mice obtained from the barrier outbreak. c57bl/6ntac mice (n=36) aged 10-58 weeks were confirmed to be chronically i ...	2012	22301616
evaluation of the solar water disinfection process (sodis) against cryptosporidium parvum using a 25-l static solar reactor fitted with a compound parabolic collector (cpc).	water samples of 0, 5, and 30 nephelometric turbidity units (ntu) spiked with cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were exposed to natural sunlight using a 25-l static solar reactor fitted with a compound parabolic collector (cpc). the global oocyst viability was calculated by the evaluation of the inclusion/exclusion of the fluorogenic vital dye propidium iodide and the spontaneous excystation. after an exposure time of 8 hours, the global oocyst viabilities were 21.8 ± 3.1%, 31.3 ± 12.9%, and 45.0 ± ...	2012	22302852
declining guillain-barré syndrome after campylobacteriosis control, new zealand, 1988-2010.	infection with campylobacter spp. commonly precedes guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). we therefore hypothesized that gbs incidence may have followed a marked rise and then decline in campylobacteriosis rates in new zealand. we reviewed records for 1988-2010: hospitalization records for gbs case-patients and campylobacteriosis case-patients plus notifications of campylobacteriosis. we identified 2,056 first hospitalizations for gbs, an average rate of 2.32 hospitalizations/100,000 population/year. a ...	2012	22304786
longitudinal study of the persistence of antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter strains in distinct swine production systems on farms, at slaughter, and in the environment.	the objectives of this study were to compare and characterize the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (ar) campylobacter in conventional and antimicrobial-free (abf) production systems on farms, at slaughter, and in the environment. fecal and environmental samples were collected from abf farms (pigs, 1,239; environment, 797) and conventional farms (pigs, 1,650; environment, 1,325). at slaughter, we collected samples from carcasses, including postevisceration swabs, postchill swabs, and mesente ...	2012	22307299
commercially distributed meat as a potential vehicle for community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.	the incidence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) infection has been increasing; however, the sources of infection remain unclear. therefore, we investigated the involvement of meat as a possible mediator of ca-mrsa infection. we examined the distribution of mrsa strains in commercially distributed raw meat samples (n = 197) and diarrheal stool samples of outpatients (n = 1,287) that were collected in oita prefecture, japan, between 2003 and 2009 for routi ...	2012	22307310
anti-ganglioside antibody internalization attenuates motor nerve terminal injury in a mouse model of acute motor axonal neuropathy.	in the guillain-barré syndrome subform acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman), campylobacter jejuni enteritis triggers the production of anti-ganglioside abs (agabs), leading to immune-mediated injury of distal motor nerves. an important question has been whether injury to the presynaptic neuron at the neuromuscular junction is a major factor in aman. although disease modeling in mice exposed to agabs indicates that complement-mediated necrosis occurs extensively in the presynaptic axons, evidence ...	2012	22307327
campylobacter jejuni disrupts protective toll-like receptor 9 signaling in colonic epithelial cells and increases the severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.	inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation associated with a dysregulated immune response to commensal bacteria in susceptible individuals. the relapse of ibd may occur following an infection with campylobacter jejuni. apical epithelial toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9) activation by bacterial dna is reported to maintain colonic homeostasis. we investigated whether a prior c. jejuni infection disrupts epithelial tlr9 signaling and increases the severity of dis ...	2012	22311925
insights from genomic comparisons of genetically monomorphic bacterial pathogens.	some of the most deadly bacterial diseases, including leprosy, anthrax and plague, are caused by bacterial lineages with extremely low levels of genetic diversity, the so-called 'genetically monomorphic bacteria'. it has only become possible to analyse the population genetics of such bacteria since the recent advent of high-throughput comparative genomics. the genomes of genetically monomorphic lineages contain very few polymorphic sites, which often reflect unambiguous clonal genealogies. some ...	2012	22312053
persistence of diarrheal pathogens is associated with continued recruitment of plasmablasts in the circulation.	intestinal antigen encounter leads to recirculation of antigen-specific plasmablasts via lymphatics and blood back to the intestine. investigating these gut-originating cells in blood provides a less invasive tool for studying intestinal immune responses, with the limitation that the cells disappear from the circulation in two weeks. no data exist on situations where pathogens persist in the intestine. patients with salmonella, yersinia, or campylobacter gastroenteritis and volunteers receiving ...	2012	22312405
microbial biosafety of pilot-scale bioreactor treating mtbe and tba-contaminated drinking water supply.	a pilot-scale sand-based fluidized bed bioreactor (fbbr) was utilized to treat both methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) and tert-butyl alcohol (tba) from a contaminated aquifer. to evaluate the potential for re-use of the treated water, we tested for a panel of water quality indicator microorganisms and potential waterborne pathogens including total coliforms, escherichia coli, salmonella and shigella spp., campylobacter jejuni, aeromonas hydrophila, legionella pneumophila, vibrio cholerae, yersinia ...	2012	22321859
preparation and electrophoretic separation of bodipy-fl-labeled glycosphingolipids.	several glycosphingolipids were labeled with the fluorphore bodipy-fl and analyzed using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. gm1-, laccer-, and cer-bodipy-fl were prepared through acylation using the n-hydroxysuccinimide ester of bodipy-fl. several other glycosphingolipids including gt1a-, gd1a-, gm2-, gm3-, gd3-, and glccer-bodipy-fl were enzymatically synthesized. micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with a tris/ches/sds/α-cyclodextrin buffer produc ...	2012	22321948
a cytolethal distending toxin gene-based multiplex pcr assay for detection of campylobacter spp. in stool specimens and comparison with culture method.	in this study, we evaluated the applicability of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific multiplex pcr for the direct detection and identification of campylobacter jejuni, c. coli and c. fetus from stool specimens of patients with gastroenteritis in comparison to culture methods. a total of 711 stool specimens were examined for the isolation or detection of campylobacters by using skirrow's selective agar culture plates, a filtration method and the multiplex pcr assay. fort ...	2012	22322187
comparison of the microflex lt and vitek ms systems for routine identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.	this study compared the performance of three matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry systems: microflex lt (bruker daltonics, bremen, germany), vitek ms ruo (axima assurance-saramis database; biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france), and vitek ms ivd (biomérieux). a total of 1,129 isolates, including 1,003 routine isolates, 73 anaerobes, and 53 bacterial enteropathogens, were tested on the microflex lt and axima assurance devices. the spectra were analyzed using t ...	2012	22322345
fitness of macrolide resistant campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni.	the aim of this study was to investigate the fitness of macrolide resistant campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni. the in vitro growth, the survival on food matrix, and the in vivo colonization of c. jejuni and c. coli susceptible isolates and their isogenic resistant mutants were studied. in vitro experiments demonstrated that macrolide resistance imposed a fitness cost when the susceptible strains and their isogenic resistant mutants were cultured in competition. when inoculated in food ...	2012	22324770
peptide markers of aminoacyl trna synthetases facilitate taxa counting in metagenomic data.	taxa counting is a major problem faced by analysis of metagenomic data. the most popular method relies on analysis of 16s rrna sequences, but some studies employ also protein based analyses. it would be advantageous to have a method that is applicable directly to short sequences, of the kind extracted from samples in modern metagenomic research. this is achieved by the technique proposed here.	2012	22325056
intestinal superinfections in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.	intestinal superinfections may occur in the setting of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd), complicating the clinical picture and triggering flares of disease.	2011	22325169
polytetrafluoroethylene toxicosis in recently hatched chickens (gallus domesticus).	two groups of chickens (gallus domesticus; white leghorn; age, 4 d and 2 wk) housed in a university research vivarium were found dead or moribund without prior signs of illness. the overall mortality rates were 92.3% (60 of 65 birds) for the 4-d-old birds and 80% (8 of 10) for the 2-wk-old birds. all chicks were housed in brooders with heat lamps in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room. primary gross findings were mild to moderate dehydration and hepatic lipidosis. the most consistent his ...	2012	22330651
biofilm and planktonic enterococcus faecalis elicit different responses from host phagocytes in vitro.	enterococcus faecalis is a commensal organism of the gastrointestinal tract but can also cause serious opportunistic infections. in addition to high levels of antibiotic resistance, the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces and on in-dwelling devices within the host complicates treatment strategies and successful outcomes of antibiotic therapy. despite rapid advances made in recent years in understanding the genomics and virulence of this organism, much remains to be learned regarding the ...	2012	22333034
unveiling mycoplasma hyopneumoniae promoters: sequence definition and genomic distribution.	several mycoplasma species have had their genome completely sequenced, including four strains of the swine pathogen mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. nevertheless, little is known about the nucleotide sequences that control transcriptional initiation in these microorganisms. therefore, with the objective of investigating the promoter sequences of m. hyopneumoniae, 23 transcriptional start sites (tsss) of distinct genes were mapped. a pattern that resembles the σ(70) promoter -10 element was found upstre ...	2012	22334569
bacteriophage biocontrol of listeria monocytogenes on soft ripened white mold and red-smear cheeses.	soft-ripened cheeses belong to the type of food most often contaminated with listeria monocytogenes, and they have been implicated in several outbreaks of listeriosis. bacteriophages represent an attractive way to combat foodborne pathogens without affecting other properties of the food. we used the broad host range, virulent listeria phage a511 for control of l. monocytogenes during the production and ripening phases of both types of soft-ripened cheeses, white mold (camembert-type) cheese, as ...	2011	22334865
luminescence based enzyme-labeled phage (phazyme) assays for rapid detection of shiga toxin producing escherichia coli serogroups.	most diagnostic approaches for shiga toxin producing escherichia coli (stec) have been designed to detect only serogroup o157 that causes a majority, but not all stec related outbreaks in the united states. therefore, there is a need to develop methodology that would enable the detection of other stec serogroups that cause disease. three bacteriophages (phages) that infect stec serogroups o26, o103, o111, o145 and o157 were chemically labeled with horseradish peroxidase (hrp). the enzyme-labeled ...	2011	22334866
differentiation of the virulence potential of campylobacter jejuni strains by use of gene transcription analysis and a caco-2 assay.	campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal disease in humans, and contaminated poultry and poultry products are recognized as the main vehicle of infection. despite the significance of c. jejuni as a foodborne pathogen, little is known about its response to stress, and, especially, how its virulence is modulated under such conditions. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature shift in a broth model system on virulence expression and cell survival of thre ...	2012	22336513
distinct roles of secreted htra proteases from gram-negative pathogens in cleaving the junctional protein and tumor suppressor e-cadherin.	the periplasmic chaperone and serine protease htra is important for bacterial stress responses and protein quality control. recently, we discovered that htra from helicobacter pylori is secreted and cleaves e-cadherin to disrupt the epithelial barrier, but it remained unknown whether this maybe a general virulence mechanism. here, we show that important other pathogens including enteropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, and campylobacter jejuni, but not neisseria gonorrhoeae, cleaved ...	2012	22337879
clinical manifestations of campylobacter jejuni infection in adolescents and adults, and change in antibiotic resistance of the pathogen over the past 16 years.	campylobacter jejuni infection, traditionally a paediatric illness, is now seen more frequently in adolescents and adults in northern china. published surveillance reports on c. jejuni infection in these patients are rare. we aimed to characterize (1) the clinical manifestations of this infection in adolescents and adults, and (2) changes in antibiotic resistance of the pathogen.	2012	22339578
eimeria species parasites as novel vaccine delivery vectors: anti-campylobacter jejuni protective immunity induced by eimeria tenella-delivered cjaa.	vaccination of poultry against coccidiosis caused by the eimeria species is almost entirely based upon varied formulations of live parasites. the recent development of a series of protocols that support genetic complementation by transfection in eimeria now provides an opportunity to utilise live anticoccidial vaccines to deliver additional vaccinal antigens. the capacity of eimeria tenella to express an exogenous antigen and induce an immune response during in vivo infection which is protective ...	2012	22342500
systematic metabolic engineering for improvement of glycosylation efficiency in escherichia coli.	recently, efforts to increase the toolkit which escherichia coli cells possess for recombinant protein production in industrial applications, has led to steady progress towards making glycosylated therapeutic proteins. although the desire to make therapeutically relevant complex proteins with elaborate human-type glycans is a major goal, the relatively poor efficiency of the n-glycosylation process of foreign proteins in e. coli remains a hindrance for industry take-up. in this study, a systemat ...	2012	22342719
characterization of campylobacter jejuni racrs reveals roles in the heat shock response, motility, and maintenance of cell length homogeneity.	campylobacter jejuni commensally colonizes the cecum of birds. the racr (reduced ability to colonize) response regulator was previously shown to be important in avian colonization. to explore the means by which racr and its cognate sensor kinase racs may modulate c. jejuni physiology and colonization, δracr and δracs mutations were constructed in the invasive, virulent strain 81-176, and extensive phenotypic analyses were undertaken. both the δracr and δracs mutants exhibited a ~100-fold defect ...	2012	22343300
passage of campylobacter jejuni through the chicken reservoir or mice promotes phase variation in contingency genes cj0045 and cj0170 that strongly associates with colonization and disease in a mouse model.	human illness due to camplyobacter jejuni infection is closely associated with consumption of poultry products. we previously demonstrated a 50 % shift in allele frequency (phase variation) in contingency gene cj1139 (wlan) during passage of c. jejuni nctc11168 populations through ross 308 broiler chickens. we hypothesized that phase variation in contingency genes during chicken passage could promote subsequent colonization and disease in humans. to test this hypothesis, we passaged c. jejuni st ...	2012	22343355
authors' reply.		2012	22346219
spectrum of guillain-barré syndrome in tertiary care hospital at kolkata.	in childhood guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), the clinical profiles using intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) in addition to supportive care were studied.	2011	22346239
prevalence of gastrointestinal infection among international travellers returning to canada.	to describe the prevalence of parasitic and bacterial gastrointestinal infection (excluding enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) among international travellers attending the international travel clinic at the university of calgary.	1993	22346439
advances in electronic-nose technologies developed for biomedical applications.	the research and development of new electronic-nose applications in the biomedical field has accelerated at a phenomenal rate over the past 25 years. many innovative e-nose technologies have provided solutions and applications to a wide variety of complex biomedical and healthcare problems. the purposes of this review are to present a comprehensive analysis of past and recent biomedical research findings and developments of electronic-nose sensor technologies, and to identify current and future ...	2011	22346620
electroanalytical sensors and devices for multiplexed detection of foodborne pathogen microorganisms.	the detection and identification of pathogen microorganisms still rely on conventional culturing techniques, which are not suitable for on-site monitoring. therefore, a great research challenge in this field is focused on the need to develop rapid, reliable, specific, and sensitive methods to detect these bacteria at low cost. moreover, the growing interest in biochip development for large scale screening analysis implies improved miniaturization, reduction of analysis time and cost, and multi-a ...	2009	22346711
evidence for conserved function of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in helicobacter genus.	the confounding consequences of helicobacter bilis infection in experimental mice populations are well recognized, but the role of this bacterium in human diseases is less known. limited data are available on virulence determinants of this species. in helicobacter pylori, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γgt) contributes to the colonization of the gastric mucosa and to the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. the role of γgt in h. bilis infections remains unknown. the annotated genome sequence of h. bilis rev ...	2012	22348013
identification of the first known inhibitors of o-acetylpeptidoglycan esterase: a potential new antibacterial target.	the o-acetylation of peptidoglycan (pg) is now known to occur in 53 species, including numerous human pathogens such as, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus anthracis, species of enterococcus, campylobacter jejuni, helicobacter pylori, neisseria gonorrhoeae and n. meningitidis. this modification, which occurs at the c-6 hydroxyl of n-acetylmuramoyl residues within pg, serves to regulate autolytic activity during pg metabolism and contributes to pathogenesis and persistence within a host. o-acetylpep ...	2012	22351512
increase in campylobacter jejuni invasion of intestinal epithelial cells under low-oxygen coculture conditions that reflect the in vivo environment.	campylobacter jejuni infection often results in bloody, inflammatory diarrhea, indicating bacterial disruption and invasion of the intestinal epithelium. while c. jejuni infection can be reproduced in vitro using intestinal epithelial cell (iec) lines, low numbers of bacteria invading iecs do not reflect these clinical symptoms. performing in vitro assays under atmospheric oxygen conditions neither is optimal for microaerophilic c. jejuni nor reflects the low-oxygen environment of the intestinal ...	2012	22354027
detection and genotyping of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by use of dna oligonucleotide arrays.	campylobacter have emerged as the most common bacterial food-borne illness in the developed world. the ability to reduce campylobacter infections in humans is linked to the full comprehension of the principal key aspects of its infection cycle. a microbial diagnostic microarray detecting campylobacter housekeeping, structural, and virulence associated genes was designed and validated using genomic dna from reference and field strains of campylobacter jejuni and coli isolated from human, chicken, ...	2013	22354794
antibacterial and antifungal activities of new acylated derivatives of epigallocatechin gallate.	(-)-epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate (egcg) has useful antiviral, antimicrobial, antitoxin, and antitumor properties. previously, mori et al. (2008) found that addition of long acyl chains (c16-18) to egcg enhanced its anti-influenza virus activity up to 44-fold. the chemical stability of egcg against oxidative degradation was also enhanced by acylation. we further evaluated the in vitro activity spectrum of the egcg derivatives against a wide range of bacteria and fungi. a series of egcg o-acyl der ...	2012	22355295
epidemiology of klebsiella oxytoca-associated diarrhea detected by simmons citrate agar supplemented with inositol, tryptophan, and bile salts.	we studied the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of klebsiella oxytoca-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients in hong kong. between 1 november 2009 and 30 april 2011, all inositol-fermenting colonies found on simmons citrate agar supplemented with inositol, tryptophan, and bile salts (scitb agar) used for the culturing of diarrheal stool samples were screened by a spot indole test for k. oxytoca. the overall sensitivity of scitb agar plus the spot indole test (93.3%) for the det ...	2012	22357507
tetrahydrodipicolinate n-succinyltransferase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase from pseudomonas aeruginosa: structure analysis and gene deletion.	the diaminopimelic acid pathway of lysine biosynthesis has been suggested to provide attractive targets for the development of novel antibacterial drugs. here we report the characterization of two enzymes from this pathway in the human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa, utilizing structural biology, biochemistry and genetics. we show that tetrahydrodipicolinate n-succinyltransferase (dapd) from p. aeruginosa is specific for the l-stereoisomer of the amino substrate l-2-aminopimelate, and its d-ena ...	2012	22359568
characterization of protein glycosylation in francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica: identification of a novel glycosylated lipoprotein required for virulence.	fth_0069 is a previously uncharacterized strongly immunoreactive protein that has been proposed to be a novel virulence factor in francisella tularensis. here, the glycan structure modifying two c-terminal peptides of fth_0069 was identified utilizing high resolution, high mass accuracy mass spectrometry, combined with in-source cid tandem ms experiments. the glycan observed at m/z 1156 was determined to be a hexasaccharide, consisting of two hexoses, three n-acetylhexosamines, and an unknown mo ...	2012	22361235
involvement of efflux mechanisms in biocide resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	active efflux has an important role in the antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. the effects of two putative efflux pump inhibitors (epis), phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide and 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine, and the effects of inactivation of the cmeb,cmef and cmer genes on resistance to a broad range of antimicrobials were studied using the broth microdilution method. the antimicrobials tested in c. jejuni and c. coli were the biocides triclosan, benza ...	2012	22361460
detection and species identification of campylobacter in stool samples of children and animals from vellore, south india.	campylobacter spp. are an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis frequently isolated from animal, poultry and environmental samples. in this study, we investigated the zoonotic potential of campylobacter spp. by comparing prevalence rates and species in 394 children with diarrhoea and 652 animals in vellore using pcr-based tools. eighteen children (4.5%) had campylobacteriosis, a majority of whom had co-pathogens (15/18) and most were infected with campylobacter jejuni (16/18). a few c. co ...	2012	22361767
highly sensitive detection of staphylococcus aureus directly from patient blood.	rapid detection of bloodstream infections (bsis) can be lifesaving. we investigated the sample processing and assay parameters necessary for highly-sensitive detection of bloodstream bacteria, using staphylococcus aureus as a model pathogen and an automated fluidic sample processing-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) platform as a model diagnostic system.	2012	22363564
new insight into the transcarbamylase family: the structure of putrescine transcarbamylase, a key catalyst for fermentative utilization of agmatine.	transcarbamylases reversibly transfer a carbamyl group from carbamylphosphate (cp) to an amine. although aspartate transcarbamylase and ornithine transcarbamylase (otc) are well characterized, little was known about putrescine transcarbamylase (ptc), the enzyme that generates cp for atp production in the fermentative catabolism of agmatine. we demonstrate that ptc (from enterococcus faecalis), in addition to using putrescine, can utilize l-ornithine as a poor substrate. crystal structures at 2.5 ...	2012	22363663
comparative analysis and assessment of m. tuberculosis h37rv protein-protein interaction datasets.	m. tuberculosis is a formidable bacterial pathogen. there is thus an increasing demand on understanding the function and relationship of proteins in various strains of m. tuberculosis. protein-protein interactions (ppis) data are crucial for this kind of knowledge. however, the quality of the main available m. tuberculosis ppi datasets is unclear. this hampers the effectiveness of research works that rely on these ppi datasets. here, we analyze the two main available m. tuberculosis h37rv ppi da ...	2011	22369691
molecular epidemiology of human campylobacter jejuni shows association between seasonal and international patterns of disease.	we sought to explain seasonality and other aspects of campylobacter jejuni epidemiology by integrating population genetic and epidemiological analysis in a large 3-year longitudinal, two-centre, population-based study. epidemiological information was collected for 1505 isolates, which were multilocus sequence-typed. analyses compared pathogen population structure between areas, over time, and between clinical presentations. pooled analysis was performed with published international datasets. sub ...	2012	22370165
antimicrobial effect and mode of action of terpeneless cold-pressed valencia orange essential oil on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.	the objectives of this study were to evaluate the antistaphylococcal effect and elucidate the mechanism of action of orange essential oil against antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains.	2012	22372962
genetic recombination in bacillus subtilis: a division of labor between two single-strand dna-binding proteins.	we have investigated the structural, biochemical and cellular roles of the two single-stranded (ss) dna-binding proteins from bacillus subtilis, ssba and ssbb. during transformation, ssbb localizes at the dna entry pole where it binds and protects internalized ssdna. the 2.8-å resolution structure of ssbb bound to ssdna reveals a similar overall protein architecture and ssdna-binding surface to that of escherichia coli ssb. ssba, which binds ssdna with higher affinity than ssbb, co-assembles ont ...	2012	22373918
identification and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from animal sources.	campylobacter spp. are together with salmonella spp. the leading causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. the most commonly isolated species in humans are campylobacter jejuni and c. coli. the isolation, identification, and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. from poultry and raw meat from slaughterhouses, has been investigated for the first time in greece. during the period from august 2005 to november 2008 a total of 1080 samples were collected: (a) 830 fecal samples fro ...	2012	22375138
identification and analysis of flagellar coexpressed determinants (feds) of campylobacter jejuni involved in colonization.	the flagellum of campylobacter jejuni provides motility essential for commensal colonization of the intestinal tract of avian species and infection of humans resulting in diarrhoeal disease. additionally, the flagellar type iii secretion system has been reported to secrete proteins such as ciai that influence invasion of human intestinal cells and possibly pathogenesis. the flagellar regulatory system ultimately influences σ(28) activity required for expression of the flaa major flagellin and ot ...	2012	22375824
epsilonproteobacteria in humans, new zealand.	using pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, we examined 49 fecal samples from healthy volunteers and 128 diarrhea specimens to assess the distribution of epsilonproteobacteria that might be routinely overlooked. our results suggest that certain taxa that are not routinely examined for could account for a proportion of diarrhea of previously unknown etiology.	2012	22377283
development of a novel genus-specific real-time pcr assay for detection and differentiation of bartonella species and genotypes.	the genus bartonella includes numerous species with varied host associations, including several that infect humans. development of a molecular diagnostic method capable of detecting the diverse repertoire of bartonella species while maintaining genus specificity has been a challenge. we developed a novel real-time pcr assay targeting a 301-bp region of the ssra gene of bartonella and demonstrated specific amplification in over 30 bartonella species, subspecies, and strains. subsequent analysis o ...	2012	22378904
effect of mannoproteins on the growth, gastrointestinal viability, and adherence to caco-2 cells of lactic acid bacteria.	yeast cell wall (ycw) preparations and yeast mannoprotein extracts have been effective against some enteropathogenic bacteria as campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, and salmonella, and they can affect the population of beneficial lactic acid bacteria (lab). in this work, we studied the effect of a mannoprotein extract on five strains of lab. this extract was metabolised by the bacteria, enhancing their survival in simulated gastrointestinal juice, and increasing the adherence of lactobacillu ...	2012	22384965
a waterborne outbreak with a single clone of campylobacter jejuni in the danish town of køge in may 2010.	in denmark, large-scale waterborne outbreaks are rare. this report describes the investigation of an outbreak that occurred in the town of køge in may 2010.	2012	22385125
current concepts in laboratory testing to guide antimicrobial therapy.	antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) is indicated for pathogens contributing to an infectious process that warrants antimicrobial therapy if susceptibility to antimicrobials cannot be predicted reliably based on knowledge of their identity. such tests are most frequently used when the etiologic agents are members of species capable of demonstrating resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics. some organisms have predictable susceptibility to antimicrobial agents (ie, streptococcus pyogen ...	2012	22386185
tyrosine phosphorylation and bacterial virulence.	protein phosphorylation on tyrosine has emerged as a key device in the control of numerous cellular functions in bacteria. in this article, we review the structure and function of bacterial tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. phosphorylation is catalyzed by autophosphorylating adenosine triphosphate-dependent enzymes (bacterial tyrosine (by) kinases) that are characterized by the presence of walker motifs. the reverse reaction is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: the eukaryotic-like phosphat ...	2012	22388693
identification of potential type iii secretion proteins via heterologous expression of vibrio parahaemolyticus dna.	we employed a heterologous secretion assay to identify proteins potentially secreted by type iii secretion systems (t3sss) in vibrio parahaemolyticus. n-terminal sequences from 32 proteins within t3ss genomic islands and seven proteins from elsewhere in the chromosome included proteins that were recognized for export by the yersinia enterocolitica flagellar t3ss.	2012	22389365
characterization of the structurally diverse n-linked glycans of campylobacter species.	the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni encodes an extensively characterized n-linked protein glycosylation system that modifies many surface proteins with a heptasaccharide glycan. in c. jejuni, the genes that encode the enzymes required for glycan biosynthesis and transfer to protein are located at a single pgl gene locus. similar loci are also present in the genome sequences of all other campylobacter species, although variations in gene content and organization are evident. in this ...	2012	22389484
extreme heat resistance of food borne pathogens campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, and salmonella typhimurium on chicken breast fillet during cooking.	the aim of this research was to determine the decimal reduction times of bacteria present on chicken fillet in boiling water. the experiments were conducted with campylobacter jejuni, salmonella, and escherichia coli. whole chicken breast fillets were inoculated with the pathogens, stored overnight (4°c), and subsequently cooked. the surface temperature reached 70°c within 30 sec and 85°c within one minute. extremely high decimal reduction times of 1.90, 1.97, and 2.20 min were obtained for c. j ...	2012	22389647
evolutionarily conserved paired immunoglobulin-like receptor α (pilrα) domain mediates its interaction with diverse sialylated ligands.	paired immunoglobulin-like receptor (pilr) α is an inhibitory receptor that recognizes several ligands, including mouse cd99, pilr-associating neural protein, and herpes simplex virus-1 glycoprotein b. the physiological function(s) of interactions between pilrα and its cellular ligands are not well understood, as are the molecular determinants of pilrα/ligand interactions. to address these uncertainties, we sought to identify additional pilrα ligands and further define the molecular basis for pi ...	2012	22396535
"ulcerative crepitus" -- a case with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum without colonic perforation or toxic megacolon in ulcerative colitis successfully treated conservatively.	a 19-year-old man with a 1-year history of ulcerative colitis presented with fever, bloody diarrhea and severe dehidration. he was on po.48 mg methylprednisolon and 3 g mesalazine daily, and has recently finished taking chlarythromycin for campylobacter jejuni infection. on physical examination, no abdominal tenderness was found, but surprisingly, extensive bilateral subcutaneous emphysema was detected in the supraclavicular regions. laboratory tests proved anaemia, elevated white blood cell cou ...	2012	22398071
gram-negative bacterial sensors for eukaryotic signal molecules.	ample evidence exists showing that eukaryotic signal molecules synthesized and released by the host can activate the virulence of opportunistic pathogens. the sensitivity of prokaryotes to host signal molecules requires the presence of bacterial sensors. these prokaryotic sensors, or receptors, have a double function: stereospecific recognition in a complex environment and transduction of the message in order to initiate bacterial physiological modifications. as messengers are generally unable t ...	2009	22399982
new insights into the immunological changes in il-10-deficient mice during the course of spontaneous inflammation in the gut mucosa.	il-10 is a regulatory cytokine that plays a major role in the homeostasis of the gut and this is illustrated by the fact that il-10(-/-) mice develop spontaneous colitis. in this study, il-10(-/-) mice were analyzed for immunological changes during colitis development. we found a reduced frequency of regulatory t cells cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+) and higher frequency of activated t cells in the colon that precedes the macroscopic signs of the disease. production of il-17 and ifn-γ was higher in the co ...	2012	22400037
crystal structures of putative phosphoglycerate kinases from b. anthracis and c. jejuni.	phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) is indispensable during glycolysis for anaerobic glucose degradation and energy generation. here we present comprehensive structure analysis of two putative pgks from bacillus anthracis str. sterne and campylobacter jejuni in the context of their structural homologs. they are the first pgks from pathogenic bacteria reported in the protein data bank. the crystal structure of pgk from bacillus anthracis str. sterne (bapgk) has been determined at 1.68 å while the struc ...	2012	22403005
hydrogenase activity in the foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni depends upon a novel abc-type nickel transporter (nikzyxwv) and is slyd-independent.	campylobacter jejuni is a human pathogen of worldwide significance. it is commensal in the gut of many birds and mammals, where hydrogen is a readily available electron donor. the bacterium possesses a single membrane-bound, periplasmic-facing nife uptake hydrogenase that depends on the acquisition of environmental nickel for activity. the periplasmic binding protein cj1584 (nikz) of the atp binding cassette (abc) transporter encoded by the cj1584c-cj1580c (nikzyxwv) operon in c. jejuni strain n ...	2012	22403188
a preliminary study of pneumonia etiology among hospitalized children in kenya.	pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood death in the developing world. higher-quality etiological data are required to reduce this mortality burden.	2012	22403235
non-invasive genotyping of helicobacter pylori caga, vaca, and hopq from asymptomatic children.	helicobacter pylori infection is usually acquired in childhood, but little is known about its natural history in asymptomatic children, primarily due to the paucity of non-invasive diagnostic methods. h. pylori strains harboring caga and specific alleles of hopq and vaca are associated with increased risk for gastric cancer. many studies of h. pylori virulence markers in children have the bias that symptomatic subjects are selected for endoscopy, and these children may harbor the most virulent s ...	2012	22404439
isolation of campylobacter from feral swine (sus scrofa) on the ranch associated with the 2006 escherichia coli o157:h7 spinach outbreak investigation in california.	we report the isolation of campylobacter species from the same population of feral swine that was investigated in san benito county, california, during the 2006 spinach-related escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak. this is the first survey of campylobacter in a free-ranging feral swine population in the united states. campylobacter species were cultured from buccal and rectal-anal swabs, colonic faeces and tonsils using a combination of selective enrichment and antibiotic-free membrane filtration m ...	2012	22405465
identification of genes involved in the acetamidino group modification of the flagellin n-linked glycan of methanococcus maripaludis.	n-linked glycosylation of protein is a posttranslational modification found in all three domains of life. the flagellin proteins of the archaeon methanococcus maripaludis are known to be modified with an n-linked tetrasaccharide consisting of n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac), a diacetylated glucuronic acid (glcnac3nac), an acetylated and acetamidino-modified mannuronic acid with a substituted threonine group (mannac3nama6thr), and a novel terminal sugar residue [(5s)-2-acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-5-o-me ...	2012	22408155
identification and characterization of a lipopolysaccharide α,2,3-sialyltransferase from the human pathogen helicobacter bizzozeronii.	terminal sialic acid in the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of mucosal pathogens is an important virulence factor. here we report the characterization of a helicobacter sialyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of sialylated lps in helicobacter bizzozeronii, the only non-pylori gastric helicobacter species isolated from humans thus far. starting from the genome sequences of canine and human strains, we identified potential sialyltransferases downstream of three genes involved in the biosynthesis ...	2012	22408169
the automatic annotation of bacterial genomes.	with the development of ultra-high-throughput technologies, the cost of sequencing bacterial genomes has been vastly reduced. as more genomes are sequenced, less time can be spent manually annotating those genomes, resulting in an increased reliance on automatic annotation pipelines. however, automatic pipelines can produce inaccurate genome annotation and their results often require manual curation. here, we discuss the automatic and manual annotation of bacterial genomes, identify common probl ...	2012	22408191
the automatic annotation of bacterial genomes.	with the development of ultra-high-throughput technologies, the cost of sequencing bacterial genomes has been vastly reduced. as more genomes are sequenced, less time can be spent manually annotating those genomes, resulting in an increased reliance on automatic annotation pipelines. however, automatic pipelines can produce inaccurate genome annotation and their results often require manual curation. here, we discuss the automatic and manual annotation of bacterial genomes, identify common probl ...	2012	22408191
antibody-based sensors: principles, problems and potential for detection of pathogens and associated toxins.	antibody-based sensors permit the rapid and sensitive analysis of a range of pathogens and associated toxins. a critical assessment of the implementation of such formats is provided, with reference to their principles, problems and potential for 'on-site' analysis. particular emphasis is placed on the detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens, such as escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes, and additional examples relating to the monitoring of fungal pathogens, viruses, mycotoxins, marine ...	2009	22408533
the zinc-ribbon domain of helicobacter pylori hp0958: requirement for rpon accumulation and possible roles of homologs in other bacteria.	helicobacter pylori hp0958 protein (flgz) prevents the rapid turnover of rpon (σ(54)), a transcription factor required for expression of several flagellar genes in h. pylori. flgz possesses a zinc-ribbon domain (duf164) that contains two conserved cxxc motifs which coordinate a zinc ion and is thought to interact with nucleic acids or proteins. two conserved cysteine residues in flgz (cys-202 and cys-223) were replaced with serine to assess their significance in flgz function. after confirming t ...	2011	22408721
high pressure inactivation of escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni, and spoilage microbiota on poultry meat.	this study evaluated the high pressure inactivation of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, and poultry meat spoilage organisms. all treatments were performed in aseptically prepared minced poultry meat. treatment of 19 strains of c. jejuni at 300 mpa and 30°c revealed a large variation of pressure resistance. the recovery of pressure-induced sublethally injured c. jejuni depended on the availability of iron. the addition of iron content to enumeration media was required for resuscitation of ...	2012	22410223
survival of campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica typhimurium in vacuum-packed, moisture-enhanced pork.	the abilities of campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica typhimurium to survive in vacuum-packaged, moisture-enhanced pork stored at 4 or 10°c were examined. pork loins were surface inoculated with either c. jejuni or salmonella typhimurium and then moisture enhanced to a target of 10 or 20%. the enhanced pork loins were sliced 1 cm thick and vacuum packaged. a pork loin without moisture enhancement was sliced and vacuum packaged as a control. samples were collected, plated, and the numbers ...	2012	22410234
functional roles of gangliosides in neurodevelopment: an overview of recent advances.	gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids that are most abundant in the nervous system. they are localized primarily in the outer leaflets of plasma membranes and participated in cell-cell recognition, adhesion, and signal transduction and are integral components of cell surface microdomains or lipid rafts along with proteins, sphingomyelin and cholesterol. ganglioside-rich lipid rafts play an important role in signaling events affecting neural development and the pathogenesis o ...	2012	22410735
recent developments in the interactions between caveolin and pathogens.	the role of caveolin and caveolae in the pathogenesis of infection has only recently been appreciated. in this chapter, we have highlighted some important new data on the role of caveolin in infections due to bacteria, viruses and fungi but with particular emphasis on the protozoan parasites leishmania spp., trypanosoma cruzi and toxoplasma gondii. this is a continuing area of research and the final chapter has not been written on this topic.	2012	22411314
familial guillain-barré syndrome: first indian report.	guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is the commonest acute immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy. specific human leukocyte antigen types have been found in patients with axonal and demyelinating subtypes of gbs suggesting genetic susceptibility in the generation of gbs. however, familial occurrence of gbs is rare and 42 patients from 20 families have been reported. majority of them are from european countries and two families have been documented from asian countries, while none have been reported fro ...	2012	22412273
quantitative proteomics of intracellular campylobacter jejuni reveals metabolic reprogramming.	campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of bacterial food-borne illness in the usa and europe. an important virulence attribute of this bacterial pathogen is its ability to enter and survive within host cells. here we show through a quantitative proteomic analysis that upon entry into host cells, c. jejuni undergoes a significant metabolic downshift. furthermore, our results indicate that intracellular c. jejuni reprograms its respiration, favoring the respiration of fumarate. these results expl ...	2012	22412372
a metalloproteinase secreted by streptococcus pneumoniae removes membrane mucin muc16 from the epithelial glycocalyx barrier.	the majority of bacterial infections occur across wet-surfaced mucosal epithelia, including those that cover the eye, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract. the apical surface of all these mucosal epithelia is covered by a heavily glycosylated glycocalyx, a major component of which are membrane-associated mucins (mams). mams form a barrier that serves as one of the first lines of defense against invading bacteria. while opportunistic bacteria rely on pre-existing defe ...	2012	22412870
haemophilus parasuis encodes two functional cytolethal distending toxins: cdtc contains an atypical cholesterol recognition/interaction region.	haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of glässer's disease of pigs, a disease associated with fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis. we report here h. parasuis encodes two copies of cytolethal distending toxins (cdts), which these two cdts showed the uniform toxin activity in vitro. we demonstrate that three cdt peptides can form an active tripartite holotoxin that exhibits maximum cellular toxicity, and cdta and cdtb form a more active toxin than cdtb and cdtc. moreover, t ...	2012	22412890
extracts of edible and medicinal plants in inhibition of growth, adherence, and cytotoxin production of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	campylobacter spp. is recognized as one of the most common cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. campylobacter infection causes campylobacteriosis, which can range from asymptomatic to dysentery-type illnesses with severe complications, such as guillian-barre syndrome. epidemiological studies have revealed that consumption of poultry products is an important risk factor of this disease. adherence and cytotoxic activity of the bacteria to host mucosal surfaces have been propose ...	2011	22417513
development and evaluation of a genus-specific, probe-based, internal-process-controlled real-time pcr assay for sensitive and specific detection of blastocystis spp.	blastocystis is a common intestinal parasite of unsettled clinical significance, which is not easily detected by standard parasitological methods. the genus comprises at least 13 subtypes (sts) (which likely represent separate species), 9 of which have been found in humans. recent data indicate that at least one of the subtypes is associated with intestinal disease. a quantitative taqman 5' nuclease real-time pcr (taqman pcr) including an internal process control (ipc) was developed for the dete ...	2012	22422846
zinc sequestration by the neutrophil protein calprotectin enhances salmonella growth in the inflamed gut.	neutrophils are innate immune cells that counter pathogens by many mechanisms, including release of antimicrobial proteins such as calprotectin to inhibit bacterial growth. calprotectin sequesters essential micronutrient metals such as zinc, thereby limiting their availability to microbes, a process termed nutritional immunity. we find that while calprotectin is induced by neutrophils during infection with the gut pathogen salmonella typhimurium, calprotectin-mediated metal sequestration does no ...	2012	22423963
gene expression profile of campylobacter jejuni-induced gbs in bama miniature pigs.	our aim was to investigate the in vivo gene expression pattern of the guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) with dna microarrays and bioinformatics tools. oral-infusion model animals mimicking human infection of gbs were analyzed. tissue samples and body fluids were collected to perform antibody tests and biopsy assays. gene-expression microarray was conducted with nerve tissues and gbs-related genes were elucidated via bioinformatics tools. model animals showed typical symptoms of gbs in that mild demy ...	2012	22427118
cytoplasmic ph response to acid stress in individual cells of escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis observed by fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy.	the ability of escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis to regulate their cytoplasmic ph is well studied in cell suspensions but is poorly understood in individual adherent cells and biofilms. we observed the cytoplasmic ph of individual cells using ratiometric phluorin. a standard curve equating the fluorescence ratio with ph was obtained by perfusion at a range of external ph 5.0 to 9.0, with uncouplers that collapse the transmembrane ph difference. adherent cells were acid stressed by switching ...	2012	22427503
inherited variation in pattern recognition receptors and cancer: dangerous liaisons?	the group of pattern recognition receptors includes families of toll-like receptors, nod-like receptors, c-type lectin receptors, and rig-i-like receptors. they are key sensors for a number of infectious agents, some of which are carcinogenic, and they launch an immune response against them. inherited structural variation in genes encoding these receptors and proteins of their signaling pathways may affect their function, modulating cancer risk and features of cancer progression. relevant malign ...	2012	22427729
developing an anti-campylobacter jejuni vaccine.	the proteomics era allows for the definition of biological organisms at the protein level, offering new opportunities for delimiting the self- and non-self boundaries between microbes and the human host. here, we apply proteomics to design a vaccine against the major pathogenic factor of campylobacter jejuni, i.e. cytolethal distending toxin (cdt). we used the scientific rationale that only peptide sequences not represented in the host proteome have the potential to evoke powerful, non-cross-rea ...	2012	22428568
chronic toxoplasma infection modifies the structure and the risk of host behavior.	the intracellular parasite toxoplasma has an indirect life cycle, in which felids are the definitive host. it has been suggested that this parasite developed mechanisms for enhancing its transmission rate to felids by inducing behavioral modifications in the intermediate rodent host. for example, toxoplasma-infected rodents display a reduction in the innate fear of predator odor. however, animals with toxoplasma infection acquired in the wild are more often caught in traps, suggesting that there ...	2012	22431975
phase variable genes of campylobacter jejuni exhibit high mutation rates and specific mutational patterns but mutability is not the major determinant of population structure during host colonization.	phase variation of surface structures occurs in diverse bacterial species due to stochastic, high frequency, reversible mutations. multiple genes of campylobacter jejuni are subject to phase variable gene expression due to mutations in polyc/g tracts. a modal length of nine repeats was detected for polyc/g tracts within c. jejuni genomes. switching rates for these tracts were measured using chromosomally-located reporter constructs and high rates were observed for cj1139 (g8) and cj0031 (g9). al ...	2012	22434884
pathogenetic importance and therapeutic implications of nf-κb in lymphoid malignancies.	derangement of the nuclear factor κb (nf-κb) pathway initiates and/or sustains many types of human cancer. b-cell malignancies are particularly affected by oncogenic mutations, translocations, and copy number alterations affecting key components the nf-κb pathway, most likely owing to the pervasive role of this pathway in normal b cells. these genetic aberrations cause tumors to be 'addicted' to nf-κb, which can be exploited therapeutically. since each subtype of lymphoid cancer utilizes differe ...	2012	22435566
microarray-based method for screening of immunogenic proteins from bacteria.	detection of immunogenic proteins remains an important task for life sciences as it nourishes the understanding of pathogenicity, illuminates new potential vaccine candidates and broadens the spectrum of biomarkers applicable in diagnostic tools. traditionally, immunoscreenings of expression libraries via polyclonal sera on nitrocellulose membranes or screenings of whole proteome lysates in 2-d gel electrophoresis are performed. however, these methods feature some rather inconvenient disadvantag ...	2012	22436172
high expression hampers horizontal gene transfer.	horizontal gene transfer (hgt), the movement of genetic material from one species to another, is a common phenomenon in prokaryotic evolution. although the rate of hgt is known to vary among genes, our understanding of the cause of this variation, currently summarized by two rules, is far from complete. the first rule states that informational genes, which are involved in dna replication, transcription, and translation, have lower transferabilities than operational genes. the second rule asserts ...	2012	22436996
evaluation and comparison of native and recombinant lipl21 protein-based elisas for diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis.	a 21-kda leptospiral lipoprotein (lipl21) was evaluated for its diagnostic potential to detect bovine leptospirosis by elisa. both native lipl21 (nlipl21) and recombinant lipl21 (rlipl21) proteins were tested and compared regarding diagnostic efficiency, and no statistically significant difference was observed. the sensitivity of rlipl21 elisa for 62 microscopic agglutination test (mat) positive sera was 100% and the specificity with 378 mat negative sera was 97.09%. thus, rlipl21 protein-based ...	2012	22437542
structures of helicobacter pylori shikimate kinase reveal a selective inhibitor-induced-fit mechanism.	shikimate kinase (sk), which catalyzes the specific phosphorylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of shikimic acid in the presence of atp, is the enzyme in the fifth step of the shikimate pathway for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. this pathway is present in bacteria, fungi, and plants but absent in mammals and therefore represents an attractive target pathway for the development of new antimicrobial agents, herbicides, and antiparasitic agents. here we investigated the detailed structure-activi ...	2012	22438938
catalytic mechanism of perosamine n-acetyltransferase revealed by high-resolution x-ray crystallographic studies and kinetic analyses.	n-acetylperosamine is an unusual dideoxysugar found in the o-antigens of some gram-negative bacteria, including the pathogenic escherichia coli strain o157:h7. the last step in its biosynthesis is catalyzed by perb, an n-acetyltransferase belonging to the left-handed β-helix superfamily of proteins. here we describe a combined structural and functional investigation of perb from caulobacter crescentus. for this study, three structures were determined to 1.0 å resolution or better: the enzyme in ...	2012	22443398