Publications

enhancement of anti-shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps) response by addition of the cholera toxin b subunit to oral and intranasal proteosome-shigella flexneri 2a lps vaccines.	addition of the cholera toxin b subunit to oral and intranasal proteosome-shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide vaccines improved their immunogenicities. enhancement of anti-o-shigella immunoglobulin a levels was most evident in lung lavages following oral immunization and in lung and intestinal fluids when suboptimal doses were used with either immunization route.	1994	7927807
involvement of escherichia coli dna polymerase ii in response to oxidative damage and adaptive mutation.	dna polymerase ii (pol ii) is regulated as part of the sos response to dna damage in escherichia coli. we examined the participation of pol ii in the response to oxidative damage, adaptive mutation, and recombination. cells lacking pol ii activity (polb delta 1 mutants) exhibited 5- to 10-fold-greater sensitivity to mode 1 killing by h2o2 compared with isogenic polb+ cells. survival decreased by about 15-fold when polb mutants containing defective superoxide dismutase genes, soda and sodb, were ...	1994	7928992
acute inflammation causes epithelial invasion and mucosal destruction in experimental shigellosis.	the gram-negative pathogen shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery, an invasive disease of the human colonic mucosa. a major characteristic of the infectious process is the occurrence of an acute inflammatory reaction of mucosal tissues which is generally consequence of primary invasion and destruction of colonic epithelial cells by the pathogen. confirming in vitro demonstration that s. flexneri is unable to invade the apical pole of colonic cells and that polymorphonuclear (pmn) cells may ...	1994	7931064
effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents on virulence factors of shigella flexneri 2a and escherichia coli o124.	the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of rifampicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and nalidixic acid on the interaction of shigella flexneri 2a and escherichia coli o124 with hela cells was examined. antimicrobial agents altered adhesion, penetration and intracellular multiplication of the bacteria, as well as re-infection of adjacent cells. chloramphenicol increased the virulence of the bacterial strains whereas nalidixic acid, tetracycline and rifampicin diminished it.	1994	7932621
dna rearrangement of the shufflon determines recipient specificity in liquid mating of inci1 plasmid r64.	the shufflon is a unique dna rearrangement found in plasmid r64. r64 shufflon consists of four dna segments, which are flanked and separated by seven 19-bp repeat sequences. site-specific recombination between any inverted repeats results in a complex dna rearrangement where four dna segments invert independently or in groups. the shufflon is a biological switch to select one of the seven c-terminal segments of the pilv gene. to examine the biological significance of the shufflon, r64 derivative ...	1994	7932741
from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreak of shigella flexneri 2a infections on a cruise ship.		1994	7933412
hyper-invasive mutants define a novel pho-regulated invasion pathway in escherichia coli.	we have isolated two transposon insertion mutations of the pst-phou operon which result in the constitutive expression of the phoa gene product, alkaline phosphatase. the two mutations also render escherichia coli invasive towards cultured hep-2 cells and define a novel pho-regulated invasion pathway. the presence of the large 'invasion' plasmid derived from an entero-invasive e. coli (eiec) clinical isolate in these mutants leads to enhanced invasiveness toward cultured hep-2 cells, a phenomeno ...	1993	7934862
molecular cloning of the wild-type and mutant thya gene from shigella flexneri y.	the thya gene which codes for thymidylate synthase has been cloned and sequenced from the wild-type shigella flexneri y strain sh4 and a thya mutant tsf21 after amplifying the gene by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the nucleotide sequence revealed 98% homology to the e. coli k-12 thya gene. the sequence of the wild-type thya gene of shigella flexneri y was identical with that of the thya mutant except that the residue t at position 345 was replaced by residue a in the thya mutant. this change ...	1994	7935051
[the effect of shigellae on delayed hypersensitivity in mice infected by different routes].	the influence of virulent and avirulent shigellae on delayed hypersensitivity in the case of infection by different methods has been examined. it was found that the stimulating effect of avirulent shigellae and suppressive effect of virulent shigellae were displayed after intranasal infection. intraperitoneal and intravenous infection was accompanied by only immunosuppressive influence, which was displayed by the virulent bacteria. the discrimination of t-suppressors by low doses of cyclophospha ...	1994	7952228
lps injected into the pregnant rat late in gestation does not induce fetal endotoxemia.	endotoxin is abortifacient. abortion may be due to maternal, fetal or combined endotoxemia. the present study was performed to evaluate if fetal rat endotoxemia was induced by maternal endotoxemia in late gestation. an intraperitoneal injection of smooth lipopolysaccharide (escherichia coli lps and shigella flexneri lps) or rough lps (rc mutant escherichia coli lps) induced limulus activity in maternal plasma, but not fetal plasma. these results suggest that fetal rat endotoxemia is not induced ...	1994	7953189
extracellular association and cytoplasmic partitioning of the ipab and ipac invasins of s. flexneri.	shigella species cause bacillary dysentery in humans by invading colonic epithelial cells. ipab and ipac, two major invasins of these pathogens, are secreted into the extracellular milieu. we show here that ipab and ipac form a complex in the extracellular medium and that each binds independently to a 17 kda polypeptide, ipgc, in the bacterial cytoplasm. the ipgc polypeptide was found to be necessary for bacterial entry into epithelial cells, to stabilize the otherwise unstable ipab protein, and ...	1994	7954817
the secretion of the shigella flexneri ipa invasins is activated by epithelial cells and controlled by ipab and ipad.	shigella species are enteropathogens that invade epithelial cells of the human colon. entry into epithelial cells is triggered by the ipab, ipac and ipad proteins which are translocated into the medium through the specific mxi-spa machinery. in vitro, shigella cells secrete only a small fraction of the ipa proteins, the majority of which remains in the cytoplasm. we show here that upon interaction with cultured epithelial cells or in the presence of fetal bovine serum, s.flexneri release pre-syn ...	1994	7957095
shigella flexneri: from in vitro invasion of epithelial cells to infection of the intestinal barrier.		1994	7958310
regulation of surface presentation of icsa, a shigella protein essential to intracellular movement and spread, is growth phase dependent.	after lysing the phagocytic vacuole, shigella spp. accumulate filaments of polymerized actin on their surface at one pole, leading to the formation of actin tails that enable them to move through the cytoplasm. we have recently demonstrated that the shigella protein icsa is located at the pole that is adjacent to the growing end of the actin tail (m. b. goldberg, o. barzu, c. parsot, and p. j. sansonetti, j. bacteriol. 175:2189-2196, 1993). not every bacterium that is observed within the cytopla ...	1994	7960150
mutational analysis of the transcriptional activator virg of agrobacterium tumefaciens.	to find virg proteins with altered properties, the virg gene was mutagenized. random chemical mutagenesis of single-stranded dna containing the agrobacterium tumefaciens virg gene led with high frequency to the inactivation of the gene. sequence analysis showed that 29% of the mutants contained a virg gene with one single-base-pair substitution somewhere in the open reading frame. thirty-nine different mutations that rendered the virg protein inactive were mapped. besides these inactive mutants, ...	1994	7961391
[diarrheal disease in hospitalized patients during the first year of the war].	during the period from april 1992 to april 1993 at the clinic for infectious disease in sarajevo were hospitalized 213 patients. the major causative agents were different kinds of shigella. shigella sonnei with 159 (74.6%) was the most frequent isolated organism, then subsequent shigella species with 38 (23.9%) and shigella flexneri 3 with 23 (14.5%). bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) was manifested as acute gastroenteritis with 60 patients (37.7%). this disease was manifested in the form of acu ...	1994	7967796
measurement of invasion by gentamicin resistance.		1994	7968625
shigella flexneri: isolation of noninvasive mutants of gram-negative pathogens.		1994	7968634
asymptomatic shigella infections in a cohort of mexican children younger than two years of age.	the proportion of shigella infections that occur asymptomatically in young children has not been established. a community-based cohort study of 367 infants was followed prospectively by weekly home visits from january, 1990, through december, 1991. stool samples were collected weekly and when diarrhea occurred and were tested for shigella and other enteropathogens. there were 2925 child months of observation and 65 episodes of shigella infection. there were 3.1 episodes/100 child months during t ...	1994	7970946
the n-terminal domain of virg of agrobacterium tumefaciens: modelling and analysis of mutant phenotypes.	fourteen mutants in the n-terminal domain of virulence factor g (virg) were obtained by random mutagenesis. two mutants showed an altered phenotype, all others were non-functional. all mutants can still be phosphorylated and bind to dna. a 3-d model was built based on the coordinates of chemotaxis protein y (chey). many of the observed phenotypic changes of virg are explained qualitatively. combination of model building and biochemical information leads to the conclusion that the active sites of ...	1994	7971952
[the infectious etiology of acute diarrheal diseases in the republic of cuba, 1991].	this study was carried out in 1991 to learn the behavior of enteropathogenic agents causing acute diarrheal diseases in cuba. 30 children, admitted in hospitals or seen in outpatient services for acute diarrheal diseases, were selected in each province taking into account that they had not received antibiotic or chemotherapy treatments in the previous 72 hours. feces samples were taken from all patients for virological, bacteriological, and parasitological studies, and results were sent to the p ...	1993	7984819
polymicrobial and recurrent bacteremia with shigella in a patient with aids.	shigella gastroenteritis is uncommon among hiv seropositive patients and may be complicated in some patients by bacteremia; s. flexneri being the most frequently detected serogroup. while recurrent salmonella bacteremia is common among hiv-seropositive patients, recurrent shigella bacteremia is not. we report here an hiv-seropositive patient with shigella gastroenteritis, polymicrobial bacteremia due to s. flexneri and s. boydii, and recurrent gastroenteritis and bacteremia with s. boydii. relap ...	1994	7984973
serum igg antibody responses to shigella invasion plasmid-coded antigens detected by immunoblot.	serum igg antibody responses to shigella invasion plasmid-coded antigens (ipa) from 58 shigella flexneri, s. sonnei, and s. dysenteriae infected swedish patients were investigated by immunoblot technique. intense responses to most components of ipa (ipas a, b, c, d, and virg-virulence determinant on sali fragment g of the plasmid) were evident in sera from s. flexneri infected patients. the strongest response was to ipa b and the weakest, to ipa d. in contrast, there were weaker responses to ipa ...	1994	7984976
[a rapid specific reaction of the blood phagocytes to bacteria and the new possibilities for its diagnostic determination in infections].	materials on the study of specific reaction of phagocytes, rapidly appearing after the contact of the body with soluble microbial substances, are presented. the study has established that of the reaction-inducing stimulus has a non-antigenic character and it acts directly on phagocytes. the method for the determination of phagocytic reaction by the ratio of the phagocytosis levels in the specific and control objects has been developed, which makes it possible to use a common diagnostic criterion ...	1994	7992518
an outbreak of shigellosis in a slum colony of delhi-1990.		1993	8014439
cloning and sequencing of sara of staphylococcus aureus, a gene required for the expression of agr.	to evaluate the effect of a sar mutation on the agr locus, northern (rna) blotting was performed to determine the levels of rnaiii, the agr regulatory molecule, in two isogenic pairs of staphylococcus aureus strains. our results demonstrated that rnaiii was either significantly diminished or absent in both sar mutants compared with the parents. the rnaiii level was partially restored in sar mutants complemented with an intact sar gene (designated sara). additionally, we were able to complement s ...	1994	8021198
a role for h-ns in the thermo-osmotic regulation of virulence gene expression in shigella flexneri.	the role of the hns gene (coding for the curved-dna-binding protein h-ns) in the thermo-osmotic regulation of shigella flexneri virulence gene transcription was investigated. two structural genes, mxic and icsb, which are transcribed divergently on the high-molecular-weight virulence plasmid, were found to be transcriptionally inhibited in cultures grown in a low-osmolarity medium, even at the inducing temperature. this repression was relieved by inactivation of the hns gene, establishing a role ...	1994	8021202
shigellosis in neonates and young infants.	to determine the clinical features and outcome of shigellosis in young infants, we reviewed the hospital records of 159 infants < or = 3 months of age (including 30 neonates) and 159 children 1 to 10 years of age with shigellosis who were admitted to the diarrhoea treatment centre in dacca, bangladesh. infants more commonly had a history of nonbloody diarrhea (82.8% vs 42.7%; p < 0.001), moderate or severe dehydration (59.9% vs 32.1%; p < 0.001), or bacteremia (12.0% vs 5.0%; p = 0.027) and less ...	1994	8021764
immunopathological patterns in the rectal mucosa of patients with shigellosis: expression of hla-dr antigens and t-lymphocyte subsets.	expression of hla-dr antigens and infiltration of t-lymphocyte subsets (cd4, cd8), cell activation marker (cd25), b cells (cd20), macrophages (cd68 and ber-mac 3) and natural killer cells (cd56) in the rectal mucosa of patients with bacillary dysentery and in healthy controls were studied in an effort to interpret the immunopathological changes taking place in the rectal mucosa during the acute phase of shigellosis. the epithelium of the rectal mucosa from 21 of 32 patients was hla-dr+. conventi ...	1994	8024739
[various approaches to treatment of dysentery in children].	the clinical process, etiological pattern and results of antibacterial therapy of dysentery in 1105 children were analyzed by hospital records for the last 25 years. significant changes in the etiology of dysentery were revealed. in the 1960s shigella flexneri prevailed (56.3 per cent) and in the 1970-1990s shigella sonnei prevailed (69.9 to 74.6 per cent) whereas the percentage of newcastle dysentery was low and stable (1.5 to 8.7 per cent). simultaneously, there were changes in antibiotic sens ...	1993	8031196
outpatient studies of the safety and immunogenicity of an auxotrophic escherichia coli k-12-shigella flexneri 2a hybrid vaccine candidate, ecsf2a-2.	a phase ii study was conducted in 244 volunteers at fort ord, ca, to determine the safety and immunogenicity of ecsf2a-2, a live, oral shigella vaccine constructed by transfer of genes from shigella flexneri to escherichia coli k-12. in this placebo-controlled study, four doses of vaccine ranging from 2.3 to 9.0 x 10(8) colony-forming units were given on days 0, 3, 14 and 17. vaccine shedding occurred from 1 to 3 days after each dose. the vaccine was well tolerated at every dose tested. signific ...	1994	8036831
[l-transforming effect of biseptol on cells of shigella sonnei and flexneri].	possible l-transformation of shigella under the action of biseptol on an artificial nutrient medium was investigated. the l-forms were isolated from 6 out of 35 cultures. by the morphological properties the isolates were similar to the l-forms of shigella flexneri induced by furazolidone. the growth of the l-forms proceeded by the pattern of the rapid mass l-conversion of bacteria and was accompanied by the development of resistance to biseptol. it was inhibited by folic acid added to the medium ...	1993	8037576
yscu, a yersinia enterocolitica inner membrane protein involved in yop secretion.	pathogenic yersiniae secrete antihost yop proteins by a recently discovered secretion pathway which is also encountered in several animal and plant pathogens. the components of the export machinery are encoded by the vira (lcra), virb (lcrb), and virc (lcrc) loci of the 70-kb pyv plasmid. in the present paper we describe yscu, the last gene of the virb locus. we determined the dna sequence and mutated the gene on the pyv plasmid. after inactivation of yscu, the mutant strain was unable to secret ...	1994	8045883
vacc, a virulence-associated chromosomal locus of shigella flexneri, is homologous to tgt, a gene encoding trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) of escherichia coli k-12.	the genetic determinants required for invasion of epithelial cells by shigella flexneri and for the subsequent bacterial spreading are encoded by the large virulence plasmid. expression of the virulence genes is under the control of various genes on the large plasmid as well as on the chromosome. we previously identified one of the virulence-associated loci near phobr in the noti-c fragment of the chromosome of s. flexneri 2a ysh6000 and designated the locus vacc. the vacc mutant showed decrease ...	1994	8045893
characterization of endemic shigella flexneri strains in somalia: antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles, and serotype correlation.	one hundred twelve shigella flexneri strain isolated from children with diarrheal disease in somalia in 1983, 1984, 1988, and 1989 were analyzed for serotype, plasmid profile, and genetic location of antimicrobial resistance determinants. the prevalent serotypes were 4 (46% of the isolates), 1b (16%), 2a (16%), 3a (12%), and 6 (8%). each serotype was associated with a characteristic predominant plasmid profile, whereas no specific correlation between antimicrobial resistance patterns and single ...	1994	8051242
constitutive expression of the virulence genes improves the efficiency of plant transformation by agrobacterium.	inducible virulence (vir) genes of the agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing (ti) plasmid are under control of a two-component regulatory system. in response to environmental factors (phenolic compounds, sugars, ph) vira protein phosphorylates virg, which in turn interacts with the promoters of other vir genes, causing induction. a mutation of virg, virgn54d (which codes for a asn-54-->asp amino acid change in the product), causes constitutive expression of other vir genes independent of vira ...	1994	8052627
detailed structural characterization of lipid a: electrospray ionization coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.	previous studies have defined specific functional relationships within monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) preparations. to extend this understanding to all contributing entities, mla samples have been structurally characterized using electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation (cid), and tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms). mla profiles of salmonella minnesota re595 have been compared with shigella flexneri for sample type and component distribution. in excess of 20 individual structures comp ...	1994	8053569
a mutation in the receiver domain of the agrobacterium tumefaciens transcriptional regulator virg increases its affinity for operator dna.	we fused the wild-type agrobacterium tumefaciens virg gene and the constitutive virgn54d allele to the male gene of escherichia coli, and studied the binding of mbp-virg fusions to the autoregulated virg promoter. mbp-virgn54d protein bound this promoter with 10-fold higher affinity than mbp-virg, and bound to vir box i with eightfold higher affinity than to vir box iii. disruption of vir box iii did not alter the affinity for vir box i, suggesting a lack of cooperativity between these sites. we ...	1994	8057837
deregulation of temperature-dependent transcription of the invasion regulatory gene, virb, in shigella by rho mutation.	expression of the virb gene, the transcriptional regulator for the invasion genes encoded by the large plasmid of shigella flexneri, is temperature-regulated. virb transcription is under the control of virf and h-ns, which act as positive and negative regulators, respectively, and is highly responsive to changes in dna superhelicity. to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the thermoregulation of virb transcription, a mutant which expressed an invasion phenotype at both 30 deg ...	1994	8057851
molecular characterization of intact, but cryptic, flagellin genes in the genus shigella.	flagellin genes (flic) were detected in two species of the genus shigella. the flicsf gene cloned from shigella flexneri produced normal-type flagella in an escherichia coli delta flic strain while the flicss genes from two shigella sonnei strains produced curly-type flagella and their expression is repressible by salmonella flja repressor. the flicsf gene (1650 bp) shared high similarity with the e. coli flice gene not only in the 5' and 3' constant sequences but also in the upstream and downst ...	1994	8057852
[the role of secondary immunodeficiencies in the development of a protracted course of acute dysentery].	an opinion on the expediency of working out criteria for dividing acute dysentery patients into risk groups, depending on the development of immune deficiency, has been put forward. the results of the study of some characteristics of t-cell immunity system in 228 acute dysentery patients in relation to their clinical state are presented. measurements of total active t lymphocytes, t helpers and t suppressors have been made. disturbances in the immunity characteristics under study, more pronounce ...	1993	8059562
[a morphological evaluation of the protective properties of noninvasive recombinant strains of shigella].	in 2-3 weeks after the oral immunization of rabbits, made in one or two administrations, with attenuated two-marker s. dysenteriae 1 strain vs-12 and recombinant s. dysenteriae vs-12/s. sonnei nr-18 and s. flexneri y433/s. sonnei nr-18 pronounced immunological reaction developed in the mucous membrane of the small intestine: blast transformation follicles of peyer's patches, an increase in the number of lymphoblasts and plasmocytes in the cupolae of follicles and in intestinal villi, and an incr ...	1993	8059565
identification and characterization of a salmonella typhimurium oxygen-regulated gene required for bacterial internalization.	growth of salmonella typhimurium in a low-oxygen environment induces the ability of these bacteria to enter mammalian cells. we have carried out a search for invasion genes that are expressed under low-oxygen conditions by using tn5laczy transcriptional fusions. several noninvasive oxygen-regulated laczy insertion strains have been identified. the invasion defect in one of these noninvasive s. typhimurium strains, bj66, has been complemented by introduction of a cosmid (pbdj125) from an s. typhi ...	1994	8063389
[the characteristics of the antibiotic therapy of acute dysentery in an immunodeficiency body state in children with leukopenia].	course of the disease and some indices of immunity were studied in 100 children with sonne's and flexner's dysentery. parameters of immunity in 32 children (the 1st group) were normal. 68 patients (the 2-nd group) had secondary immune deficiency and leukopenia. recovery of immunodeficient children in use of antibiotics and prodigiosan was slowed down by 5.2 days as compared to that of children without immunodeficiency. antibiotics used in combination with lysozyme in patients of the 1st group re ...	1994	8067000
[a morphological evaluation of the harmlessness of noninvasive recombinant shigella strains].	the interaction of shigella recombinant strains (with attenuating chromosomal mutations, with transposon-neutralized plasmid gene mutations, the hybrids of both strains), incapable of inducing keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs, with cells hep-2 and enterocytes in the ligated loop of the small intestine of rabbits was studied. these strains retained, to varying extent, pronounced adhesiveness, but practically lost their invasiveness (though in peyer's patches the translocation of bacteria by m- ...	1993	8067094
[an immunoenzyme method for determining iga antibodies to lipopolysaccharide in secretions in the diagnosis of shigellosis].	iga antibodies to s. sonnei and s. flexneri lipopolysaccharides (lps) in secretions, as well as escherichia coli lps in coprofiltrates of children with acute diarrhea, were determined with the use of enzyme immunoassay (eia). in adult patients with dysentery serum and salivary anti-lps antibodies were assayed. the results of eia showed that children aged up to 18 months had an elevated level of lps of the causative agent in their coprofiltrates. the specificity of this assay permitted its use fo ...	1993	8067099
[a mathematical model of the seasonal morbidity of shigellosis].	a new epidemiologically significant mathematical model for the prognosis of seasonal morbidity in dysentery caused by s. flexneri and s. sonnei has been developed. this model may be used for solving problems on the epidemiology of shigella infections. in this model quantitative ratios are determined by means of the system of nonlinear integral-differential equations in partial derivatives of the first order with edge conditions of the integral type. this model makes it possible to make multiple ...	1993	8067113
[the optimization of the technology for culturing vaccinal strains of shigella flexneri].	the drainage-filling cultivation process for three shigella flexneri vaccine strains in small-capacity fermenters has been developed. the study has shown that after hydroxylamine treatment the yield of the antigenic component, calculated per 1000 million microbial cells, is tenfold higher in comparison with the traditional method.	1993	8067146
[the therapeutic efficacy of sodium nucleinate and monoribonucleotides based on keratoconjunctival test data].	the possibility of using sodium nucleinate for the treatment of acute dysentery has been confirmed in experiments on guinea pigs with the use of the keratoconjunctival test as an experimental model. the capacity of sodium nucleinate to enhance the antibiotic sensitivity of shigellae isolated from infected eyes to kanamycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol has been established. the effect produced by individual ribonucleotides contained in sodium nucleinate have been studied and found to be diff ...	1993	8067149
epidemiology of shigella infections in two ethnic groups in a geographic region in southern israel.	the epidemiology of shigellosis in the jewish and bedouin populations that coexist in the same geographic region in southern israel and share the same medical facilities but live separately under different socioeconomic conditions was examined in a retrospective, culture-based study. the average annual attack rate for the four-year period 1989-1992 was 368/100,000 inhabitants. the average annual attack rate among the jews, who enjoy western socioeconomic conditions, was 413/100,000 and the disea ...	1994	8070448
outbreak of shigella flexneri 2a infections on a cruise ship.		1994	8072477
[bacterial dysentery in 1992].		1994	8073150
[the microbiological aspects of using enterosorbents in acute intestinal infections].	we observed 60 patients with acute flexner's dysentery and salmonellosis. complex treatment included enterosorbents; enterosgel, activated carbon and polyfepan. the results showed that co-administration of enterosgel as compared to that of activated carbon and polyfepan resulted in more vigorous elimination of pathogens. in patients with acute dysentery enterosgel when used at the background of nitroflurane therapy potentiated the latter. enterosorbents improved also body resistance in enteric i ...	1993	8079486
[the seasonality of flexner dysentery among preschoolers].		1993	8079549
[the role of the water factor of transmission in the spread of viral hepatitis a and dysentery under the conditions in an industrial city].		1993	8079557
[l-forms of the dysentery bacteria in models of shigella and non-shigella infections].		1993	8079561
[an analysis of infectious morbidity on the province level of the epidemiological health service (exemplified by shigellosis)].		1993	8079564
molecular and cellular mechanisms of tissue invasion by shigella flexneri.	shigella flexneri, a member of the family of enterobacteriaceae, causes bacillary dysentery by invading the human colonic mucosa and provoking a very intense inflammation. recent in vitro data allow us to integrate different phenomena into a model of the infectious process during shigellosis. in vivo, bacteria appear to enter the submucosa via the m cells, specialized cells that cover the follicular structures of the intestinal mucosa. once inside the submucosa, shigellae encounter resident tiss ...	1994	8080171
protection against invasion of the mouse pulmonary epithelium by a monoclonal iga directed against shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide.		1994	8080209
immunogenicity of two types of shigella flexneri 2a o-specific polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates.		1994	8080210
dot-elisa for seroepidemiological study of exposure to shigella flexneri.	a seroepidemiological study for determining serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharides (lps) of shigella flexneri using dot--elisa was carried out in krabi province, thailand, from january 1989 to december 1990. from 363 serum samples obtained from cord blood and from venous blood of the healthy persons aged from 6 months to over 50 years, 56% and 22%, respectively, were found to be positive for specific igg and igm antibodies to s. flexneri lps. the igg prevalence was initially detected at 3-4 yea ...	1993	8080607
inhibition of agrobacterium tumefaciens oncogenicity by the osa gene of psa.	the incw plasmid psa originally derived from shigella flexneri completely inhibits the tumor-inducing ability of agrobacterium tumefaciens when it is resident in this organism. oncogenic inhibition is mediated through the expression of the osa gene on psa. this gene is part of a 3.1-kb dna segment of psa that contains four open reading frames revealed by sequencing. specific deletions and tncat insertions within this segment localized the oncogenic inhibitory activity to the last open reading fr ...	1994	8083162
interleukin 1 is released by murine macrophages during apoptosis induced by shigella flexneri.	peritoneal macrophages undergoing apoptosis induced by shigella flexneri infection release the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (il-1), but not il-6 or tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha). wild type shigella causes a very fast and significant release of il-1 from prestimulated peritoneal macrophages, before the cell's integrity is compromised. both il-1 alpha and il-1 beta are released, il-1 beta in its mature processed form. il-1 is released from presynthesized cytoplasmic pools. these r ...	1994	8083373
shigella flexneri transformants expressing type 1 (mannose-specific) fimbriae bind to, activate, and are killed by phagocytic cells.	shigella flexneri m90t (invasive) and bs176 (noninvasive) are typical nonfimbriated organisms that do not bind to or activate phagocytic cells. we demonstrate that s. flexneri m90tp and bs176p, obtained by transformation of the strains named above with the cluster of genes encoding type 1 (mannose-specific) fimbriae of escherichia coli, express the functional fimbriae, as shown by electron microscopy, by binding of antifimbria antibodies and by yeast cell aggregation. the transformants, but not ...	1993	8097492
cadherin expression is required for the spread of shigella flexneri between epithelial cells.	shigella flexneri, a gram-negative pathogen, invades the human colonic epithelium. after entering epithelial cells, bacteria escape into the cytoplasm, move intracellularly, and pass from cell to cell. the bacterium diverts actin and associated actin-binding proteins to generate a cytoskeleton-based motor that pushes forward the bacterium. as the moving bacterium reaches the inner face of the host-cell cytoplasmic membrane, a protrusion forms that allows passage of this bacterium into a neighbor ...	1994	8124719
invasiveness of shigella flexneri in poliovirus infected ht-29 cells.	in this paper we report the effect in ht-29 cells of mixed infections with poliovirus type 1 and shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain m90t and derivative strains differing in adhesive as well as invasive properties. ht-29 epithelial intestinal cells derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma are a good model for coinfection studies because they are susceptible both to poliovirus replication and to s. flexneri invasion. the results show that 48 h after infection by poliovirus the invasiveness of wi ...	1994	8127227
acid and base resistance in escherichia coli and shigella flexneri: role of rpos and growth ph.	escherichia coli k-12 strains and shigella flexneri grown to stationary phase can survive several hours at ph 2 to 3, which is considerably lower than the acid limit for growth (about ph 4.5). a 1.3-kb fragment cloned from s. flexneri conferred acid resistance on acid-sensitive e. coli hb101; sequence data identified the fragment as a homolog of rpos, the growth phase-dependent sigma factor sigma 38. the clone also conferred acid resistance on s. flexneri rpos::tn10 but not on salmonella typhimu ...	1994	8132468
a chromosome map of shigella flexneri with the loci related to pathogenicity.		1994	8133848
blind, deaf and mute after a status epilepticus caused by hyperpyrexia from shigellosis--a case report with a four-year follow-up.	a nearly four-year-old boy awoke blind, deaf and mute from a coma of five days duration after a status epilepticus caused by hyperpyrexia from shigellosis. the authors give a detailed report of the recovery. visual and auditory functions recovered within six months after the onset but expressive language difficulties remained. following a discussion of the underlying mechanisms producing the cerebral damage, the hypothesis of a type of "disconnection syndrome" is put forward to explain the persi ...	1993	8133983
[neonatal shigellosis].	neonatal shigellosis is rare and is usually encountered in unsanitary countries. it is occasionally responsible for manifestations of bacteremia such as septic shock and rash.	1993	8135614
identification and characterization of a chromosomal virulence gene, vacj, required for intercellular spreading of shigella flexneri.	intercellular spreading of shigellae is a prerequisite for shigellosis, although the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon are still largely obscure. to elucidate some of these mechanisms, we performed random tn10 insertion mutagenesis in shigella flexneri ysh6000t and found a chromosomal locus in the noti-j segment responsible for bacterial spreading. the locus affected in the mutant, designated vacj, was neither involved in the invasion of epithelial cells nor in intracellular movemen ...	1994	8145644
a new class of proteins regulating gene expression in enterobacteria.	ymoa and hha are highly similar bacterial proteins downregulating gene expression in yersinia enterocolitica and escherichia coli, respectively. the phenotype of ymoa mutants evokes that of mutants affected in some histone-like proteins. this paper describes complementation of a ymoa mutation in y. enterocolitica by the hha gene from e. coli. we show that ymoa and hha are not only very similar proteins but that they are functionally interchangeable. genetic experiments indicate that hha can also ...	1994	8145648
in vivo r-plasmid transfer in a patient with a mixed infection of shigella dysentery.	transfer of shigella r-plasmids in vivo has seldom been demonstrated. strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri type 5b were isolated from a bulgarian traveller who visited vietnam and developed dysentery, which was treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smz) for a short time. both species of shigellae are unusual in bulgaria where strains of s. sonnei predominate. both shigella strains were multiresistant to the same antimicrobial agents. each strain contained a 48-k ...	1994	8149999
nucleotide sequence of the rhamnose biosynthetic operon of shigella flexneri 2a and role of lipopolysaccharide in virulence.	n1308, a chromosomal tn5 mutant of shigella flexneri 2a, was described previously as a lipopolysaccharide (lps) mutant with a short o side chain. n1308 formed foci, but not plaques, in llc-mk2 cell monolayers and was negative in the serény test. in this study, the wild-type locus inactivated in n1308 was cloned and further defined by means of complementation analysis. a 4.3-kb bsteii-xhoi fragment of s. flexneri 2a ysh6200 dna was sufficient to restore both normal lps and virulence phenotype to ...	1994	8157605
[molecular and cellular mechanisms of invasion of the intestinal barrier by shigella flexneri].		1993	8159469
cleavage of the shigella surface protein icsa (virg): intention or accident?		1994	8162437
immune responses in vietnamese children after a single dose of the auxotrophic, live shigella flexneri y vaccine strain sfl124.	the live, auxotrophic shigella flexneri vaccine strain sfl124 was given in a single dose of 10(7), 10(8) or 10(9) colony forming units (cfu), respectively, to each of three groups of 10 vietnamese children aged 9-14 years. the vaccine was well tolerated by all the children without any severe side effects such as diarrhoea or fever being observed. mild symptoms were reported by five children. only five children were found by culture to excrete sfl124 but, by pcr, 28 of 30 children were found to e ...	1994	8163828
the lcrb (yscn/u) gene cluster of yersinia pseudotuberculosis is involved in yop secretion and shows high homology to the spa gene clusters of shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium.	virulent bacteria of the genus yersinia secrete a number of virulence determinants called yops. these proteins lack typical signal sequences and are not posttranslationally processed. two gene loci have been identified as being involved in the specific yop secretion system (g. cornelis, p. 231-265, in c. e. hormache, c. w. penn, and c. j. smythe, ed., molecular biology of bacterial infection, 1992; s. c. straley, g. v. plano, e. skrzypek, p. l. haddix, and k. a. fields, mol. microbiol. 8:1005-10 ...	1994	8169210
characterization of a 3-dehydroquinase gene from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with homology to the eukaryotic genes qa-2 and qute.	a gene was cloned from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain 4074 by complementation of an arod strain of escherichia coli. the e. coli gene arod codes for a 3-dehydroquinase enzyme of type i, active in the aromatic biosynthesis pathway. the a. pleuropneumoniae gene, termed aroq, displays no base or amino acid sequence homology to arod of e. coli. it is instead homologous to the qute and qa-2 genes, respectively of aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa. these genes code for 3-dehydroquinas ...	1994	8170389
characterization of the dtdp-rhamnose biosynthetic genes encoded in the rfb locus of shigella flexneri.	the nucleotide sequence of the proximal half of the rfb region of shigella flexneri has been determined, and the genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of dtdp-rhamnose have been identified. these genes show strong homology to the rfb genes encoding dtdp-rhamnose biosynthesis in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (strain lt2) and s. enterica serovar anatum (strain m32) (jiang et al., 1991; wang et al., 1992). an open reading frame upstream of rfbb was also identified which enco ...	1994	8170390
molecular mechanisms of cell and tissue invasion by shigella flexneri.		1993	8173793
unipolar localization and atpase activity of icsa, a shigella flexneri protein involved in intracellular movement.		1993	8173795
the ipab gene of shigella flexneri and macrophage-programmed cell death.		1993	8173796
infection, diarrhea, and dysentery caused by shigella species and campylobacter jejuni among guatemalan rural children.	to examine the factors that may influence the outcome of infections by shigella spp. and campylobacter jejuni we followed for 24 consecutive months 321 rural guatemala children 0 to 35 months old. home visits were made to determine child morbidity patterns with emphasis on diarrhea and dysentery. fecal samples for microbiologic studies were obtained from the participants when they were ill and during healthy periods. shigella spp. were isolated from 9.8 and 4.0% of ill and healthy children, resp ...	1994	8177630
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and endotoxin induced uveitis.	suprofen eye drop was instilled into one eye of 10 pigmented rabbits and then anterior uveitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin of shigella flexneri serotype 1a to evaluate the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on endotoxin induced uveitis. the pupillary diameters were measured, and aqueous cell and flare gradings were recorded in 20 eyes of 10 rabbits for one week at an interval of 12 hours for the first 24 hours and then every 24 hours for a week. a differenc ...	1993	8189632
differential scanning calorimetry investigations on lps and free lipids a of the bacterial cell wall.	differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) was used to investigate the thermal stability and behaviour of the lipopolysaccharides (lps) of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and their lipid portion. dsc curves of lps show thermal features between 200 and 129 degrees c (depolymerization) and between -13 and -36 degrees c (cooling phase transition). both effects were related to the relative strength of the linkage types in the o-chain structure and to their capacity for intermolecular hydro ...	1993	8190999
[vaccination against the enterobacteriaceae responsible for enteric infections].	development of vaccines against enterobacterial species responsible for enteric infections sounds like an unrealistic project. on the other hand, based on our growing understanding of the pathogenesis of infections caused by the major species (i.e. salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) and on our better characterization of the immunological parameters of mucosal protection, it is likely that a limited number of vaccines controlling dise ...	1993	8193944
ipab mediates macrophage apoptosis induced by shigella flexneri.	shigella flexneri kills macrophages through apoptosis, involving the induction of host cell dna fragmentation and characteristic morphological changes. shigella can only cause damage if it escapes from the phagolysosome into the cytoplasm. the s. flexneri cytotoxic genes have been localized to the ipa operon of shigella's virulence plasmid. ipab, c and d deletion mutants are not invasive and therefore not cytotoxic. in order to distinguish genes involved in the escape from the phagolysosome as d ...	1994	8196540
[the efficacy of quercetin and tocopherol acetate in treating patients with flexner's dysentery].	quercetin and tocopherol were given to 134 patients with flexner's dysentery intramuscularly for 7 days; 154 patients received routine treatment. it was found that quercetin and tocopherol acetate enhanced normalization of clinical indices and restoration of the immune homeostasis. the above drugs are recommended for the complex treatment of dysentery.	1993	8209460
[vaccination against the enterobacteria responsible for enteric infections].	development of vaccines against enterobacterial species responsible for enteric infections sounds like an unrealistic project. on the other hand, based on our growing understanding of the pathogenesis of infections caused by the major species (i.e. salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) and on our better characterization of the immunological parameters of mucosal protection, it is likely that a limited number of vaccines controlling dise ...	1994	8210205
microinjection of hep-2 cells with coxsackie b1 virus rna enhances invasiveness of shigella flexneri only after prestimulation with uv-inactivated virus.	coxsackie b1 virus induces increased susceptibility to invasion by shigella flexneri when hep-2 cells are inoculated with the complete virus. when rna from the same virus was microinjected into cells, virus rna was synthesized and new virus particles were formed, but the transfected rna had no effect on bacterial invasiveness. however, when the cells were prestimulated with uv-inactivated virus, the microinjected rna induced an additional enhancement of bacterial invasiveness. microinjected whol ...	1993	8217113
shigella subversion of the cellular cytoskeleton: a strategy for epithelial colonization.		1993	8225568
the regulatory vira protein of agrobacterium tumefaciens does not function at elevated temperatures.	previous studies have shown that agrobacterium tumefaciens causes tumors on plants only at temperatures below 32 degrees c, and virulence gene expression is specifically inhibited at temperatures above 32 degrees c. we show here that this effect persists even when the vira and virg loci are expressed under the control of a lac promoter whose activity is temperature independent. this finding suggests that one or more steps in the signal transduction process mediated by the vira and virg proteins ...	1993	8226624
a reversible case of klüver-bucy syndrome in association with shigellosis.	the klüver-bucy syndrome is characterized by psychic blindness or visual agnosia, blunted affect, hypermetamorphosis, hyperorality, bulimia, and sexual behavioral alterations. to date, there have been fewer than 10 reported cases of klüver-bucy syndrome in children, most of them irreversible. we describe here a reversible case of the complete klüver-bucy syndrome in a child suffering from shigella encephalopathy.	1993	8228026
a randomized, double-blind study comparing cefixime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of childhood shigellosis.	we compared the clinical and bacteriologic response of 5-day treatment with cefixime, 8 mg/kg per day, with the response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), 10-50 mg/kg per day, the currently recommended therapy. of the assessable children with acute, culture-proven shigellosis, 38 received cefixime and 39 received tmp-smx. pretreatment data on the two study groups were similar. in the first group, all isolates were susceptible to cefixime; in the tmp-smx group, 32 isolates were resistan ...	1993	8229498
comparative efficacy of two- and five-day courses of ceftriaxone for treatment of severe shigellosis in children.	administration of ceftriaxone for 5 days has been shown to be highly efficient in the treatment of severe shigellosis in children. our study, involving 40 children, demonstrated that a 2-day course of ceftriaxone was as beneficial as a 5-day course and constituted effective therapy for children with severe shigellosis.	1993	8229499
induction of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 by outer membrane proteins of shigella in spleen cells and macrophages of mice.	the ability of outer membrane proteins (omp) of shigella flexneri to induce tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and interleukin 6 (il-6) production by spleen cells and macrophages of mice was investigated. treatment of spleen cells with omp resulted in the release of only traces of tnf activity. in contrast, macrophages treated with omp produced moderate levels of tnf. omp was also found to be an inducer of il-6. both spleen cells and macrophages, treated with omp, were found to produce substantial leve ...	1993	8239920
transcription in vitro promoted by the agrobacterium virg protein.	expression of the virulence genes (vir) on the hairy-root-inducing plasmid pria4 is induced by plant signals in agrobacterium cells through a two-component regulatory system, the vira-virg system. we constructed an in vitro transcription system that consisted of the purified virg protein and the agrobacterium rna polymerase holoenzyme. both versions of virg, the non-phosphorylated form and the vira-phosphorylated form, were active but showed different patterns of the ph-dependency for transcript ...	1993	8243632
the chromosomal virulence gene, chve, of agrobacterium tumefaciens is regulated by a lysr family member.	certain plant phenolic compounds and monosaccharides induce the transcription of virulence (vir) genes of agrobacterium tumefaciens through the vira-virg two-component regulatory system. the product of the chromosomal virulence gene chve is homologous to galactose-binding protein of escherichia coli and is required for vir gene induction by sugars. adjacent to, but divergent in transcription from, chve is an open reading frame, now termed gbpr (galactose-binding protein regulator), that is homol ...	1993	8253677
hrpi of erwinia amylovora functions in secretion of harpin and is a member of a new protein family.	hrpi, a 78-kda protein, functions in the secretion of harpin, a proteinaceous elicitor of the hypersensitive response from erwinia amylovora. the predicted amino acid sequence of hrpi is remarkably similar to that of lcrd of yersinia species, the first member of a recently described protein family. other proteins of the family are mixa from shigella flexneri, inva from salmonella typhimurium, flha from caulobacter crescentus, hrpi from pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, hrpo from pseudomonas sol ...	1993	8253684