Publications

diversity of 23s rrna genes within individual prokaryotic genomes.	the concept of ribosomal constraints on rrna genes is deduced primarily based on the comparison of consensus rrna sequences between closely related species, but recent advances in whole-genome sequencing allow evaluation of this concept within organisms with multiple rrna operons.	2009	19415112
conjugative plasmid pld-tex-kl promotes growth of host bacterium legionella dumoffii at low temperatures.	legionella (fluoribacter) dumoffii is a resident of various aquatic environments and occasionally causes pneumonia in humans. we found that l. dumoffii strain tex-kl carries a 66-kb circular plasmid. as predicted by the presence of tra genes similar to those of other transferable plasmids, we showed that pld-tex-kl was actually capable of transferring itself to a plasmid-cured derivative of the original strain. unexpectedly, this plasmid-free derivative turned out to be partially defective in te ...	2009	19415237
the ethylene receptor etr2 delays floral transition and affects starch accumulation in rice.	ethylene regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development in dicotyledonous plants; however, its roles in monocotyledonous plants are poorly known. here, we characterized a subfamily ii ethylene receptor, ethylene response2 (etr2), in rice (oryza sativa). the etr2 receptor with a diverged his kinase domain is a ser/thr kinase, but not a his kinase, and can phosphorylate its receiver domain. mutation of the n box of the kinase domain abolished the kinase activity of etr2. overexpression ...	2009	19417056
bacterial intermediate filaments: in vivo assembly, organization, and dynamics of crescentin.	crescentin, which is the founding member of a rapidly growing family of bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, was previously proposed to resemble eukaryotic intermediate filament (if) proteins based on structural prediction and in vitro polymerization properties. here, we demonstrate that crescentin also shares in vivo properties of assembly and dynamics with if proteins by forming stable filamentous structures that continuously incorporate subunits along their length and that grow in a nonpolar fash ...	2009	19417107
arabidopsis harmless to ozone layer protein methylates a glucosinolate breakdown product and functions in resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola.	almost all of the chlorine-containing gas emitted from natural sources is methyl chloride (ch(3)cl), which contributes to the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. tropical and subtropical plants emit substantial amounts of ch(3)cl. a gene involved in ch(3)cl emission from arabidopsis was previously identified and designated harmless to ozone layer (hereafter athol1) based on the mutant phenotype. our previous studies demonstrated that athol1 and its homologs, athol2 and athol3, have s-a ...	2009	19419967
abscisic acid negatively regulates elicitor-induced synthesis of capsidiol in wild tobacco.	in the solanaceae, biotic and abiotic elicitors induce de novo synthesis of sesquiterpenoid stress metabolites known as phytoalexins. because plant hormones play critical roles in the induction of defense-responsive genes, we have explored the effect of abscisic acid (aba) on the synthesis of capsidiol, the major wild tobacco (nicotiana plumbaginifolia) sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin, using wild-type plants versus nonallelic mutants npaba2 and npaba1 that are deficient in aba synthesis. npaba2 and ...	2009	19420326
processing of a dicistronic trna-snorna precursor: combined analysis in vitro and in vivo reveals alternate pathways and coupling to assembly of snornp.	the c/d box small nucleolar rnas (snornas) represent an essential class of small nucleolar rnas that guide 2'-o-rib methylation of ribosomal rnas and other rnas in eukaryotes. in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), >100 c/d snornas have been identified, most of them encoded by polycistronic gene clusters, but little is known on the factors controlling their biogenesis. here, we focus on the identification of factors controlling the processing of trna-snorna dicistronic precursors (pre-tsnorna) s ...	2009	19420328
comparison of the transcriptomes of american chestnut (castanea dentata) and chinese chestnut (castanea mollissima) in response to the chestnut blight infection.	background1471-2229-9-51: american chestnut (castanea dentata) was devastated by an exotic pathogen in the beginning of the twentieth century. this chestnut blight is caused by cryphonectria parasitica, a fungus that infects stem tissues and kills the trees by girdling them. because of the great economic and ecological value of this species, significant efforts have been made over the century to combat this disease, but it wasn't until recently that a focused genomics approach was initiated. pri ...	2009	19426529
a probable aculeacin a acylase from the ralstonia solanacearum gmi1000 is n-acyl-homoserine lactone acylase with quorum-quenching activity.	the infection and virulence functions of diverse plant and animal pathogens that possess quorum sensing systems are regulated by n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) acting as signal molecules. ahl-acylase is a quorum quenching enzyme and degrades ahls by removing the fatty acid side chain from the homoserine lactone ring of ahls. this blocks ahl accumulation and pathogenic phenotypes in quorum sensing bacteria.	2009	19426552
bismuth-thiol incorporation enhances biological activities of liposomal tobramycin against bacterial biofilm and quorum sensing molecules production by pseudomonas aeruginosa.	recurrent pulmonary infection and inflammation are major risk factors for high morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). as such, frequent antibiotic use and drug resistant bacterial strains are main concerns in individuals with cf. bacterial virulence and resistance are influenced by unique cf airways fluid lining and pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing (qs) and biofilm formation. we have developed a novel liposome formulation consist of bismuth-thiol and tobramycin (lipo ...	2009	19429299
a visual reporter system for virus-induced gene silencing in tomato fruit based on anthocyanin accumulation.	virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is a powerful tool for reverse genetics in tomato (solanum lycopersicum). however, the irregular distribution of the effects of vigs hampers the identification and quantification of nonvisual phenotypes. to overcome this limitation, a visually traceable vigs system was developed for fruit, comprising two elements: (1) a transgenic tomato line (del/ros1) expressing antirrhinum majus delila and rosea1 transcription factors under the control of the fruit-specific ...	2009	19429602
overexpression of the transcription factor ap37 in rice improves grain yield under drought conditions.	transcription factors with an apetela2 (ap2) domain have been implicated in various cellular processes involved in plant development and stress responses. of the 139 ap2 genes predicted in rice (oryza sativa), we identified 42 genes in our current study that are induced by one or more stress conditions, including drought, high salinity, low temperature, and abscisic acid. phylogenic analysis of these 42 stress-inducible ap2 genes revealed the presence of six subgroups (i-vi) with distinct signat ...	2009	19429605
orf4 of the bacillus cereus sigb gene cluster encodes a general stress-inducible dps-like bacterioferritin.	the function of orf4 in the sigb cluster in bacillus cereus atcc 14579 remains to be explored. amino-acid sequence analysis has revealed that orf4 is homologous with bacterioferritins and dps. in this study, we generated an orf4-null mutant and produced recombinant protein rorf4 to establish the role of orf4. in vitro, the purified rorf4 was found to exist in two distinct forms, a dimeric form and a polymer form, through size exclusion analysis. the latter form exhibited a unique filament struct ...	2009	19429618
hhomp--prediction and classification of outer membrane proteins.	outer membrane proteins (omps) are the transmembrane proteins found in the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and plastids. most prediction methods have focused on analogous features, such as alternating hydrophobicity patterns. here, we start from the observation that almost all beta-barrel omps are related by common ancestry. we identify proteins as omps by detecting their homologous relationships to known omps using sequence similarity. given an input sequence, hhomp buil ...	2009	19429691
isolation and identification of ubiquitin-related proteins from arabidopsis seedlings.	the majority of proteins in eukaryotic cells are modified according to highly regulated mechanisms to fulfill specific functions and to achieve localization, stability, and transport. protein ubiquitination is one of the major post-translational modifications occurring in eukaryotic cells. to obtain the proteomic dataset related to the ubiquitin (ub)-dependent regulatory system in arabidopsis, affinity purification with an anti-ub antibody under native condition was performed. using ms/ms analys ...	2009	19429840
dimerization of the quorum-sensing transcription factor trar enhances resistance to cytoplasmic proteolysis.	trar is a luxr-type quorum-sensing protein encoded by the tumour-inducing plasmid of agrobacterium tumefaciens. trar requires the pheromone n-3-oxooctanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (oohl) for biological activity, and is dimeric both in solution and when bound to dna. dimerization is mediated primarily by two alpha-helices, one in the n-terminal oohl binding domain, and the other in the c-terminal dna binding domain. each of these helices forms a parallel coiled coil with the identical helix of the o ...	2009	19432796
characterization of vitis vinifera npr1 homologs involved in the regulation of pathogenesis-related gene expression.	grapevine protection against diseases needs alternative strategies to the use of phytochemicals, implying a thorough knowledge of innate defense mechanisms. however, signalling pathways and regulatory elements leading to induction of defense responses have yet to be characterized in this species. in order to study defense response signalling to pathogens in vitis vinifera, we took advantage of its recently completed genome sequence to characterize two putative orthologs of npr1, a key player in ...	2009	19432948
pollen grain development is compromised in arabidopsis agp6 agp11 null mutants.	arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are structurally complex plasma membrane and cell wall proteoglycans that are implicated in diverse developmental processes, including plant sexual reproduction. male gametogenesis (pollen grain development) is fundamental to plant sexual reproduction. the role of two abundant, pollen-specific agps, agp6, and agp11, have been investigated here. the pollen specificity of these proteoglycans suggested that they are integral to pollen biogenesis and their strong sequ ...	2009	19433479
snapshots of dynamics in synthesizing n(6)-isopentenyladenosine at the trna anticodon.	bacterial and eukaryotic trnas that decode codons starting with uridine have a hydrophobically hypermodified adenosine at position 37 (a(37)) adjacent to the 3'-end of the anticodon, which is essential for efficient and highly accurate protein translation by the ribosome. however, it remains unclear as to how the corresponding trnas are selected to be modified by alkylation at the correct position of the adenosine base. we have determined a series of crystal structures of bacterial trna isopente ...	2009	19435325
the ngatha distal organ development genes are essential for style specification in arabidopsis.	floral organ identities are specified by a few transcription factors that act as master regulators. subsequently, specification of organ axes programs the distribution of distinct tissue types within the organs that themselves develop unique identities. the c-class, agamous-clade mads box genes are primary promoters of the gynoecium, which is divided into a distal style and a subtending ovary along the apical-basal axis. we show that members of a clade of b3 domain transcription factors, ngatha1 ...	2009	19435933
arabidopsis asa1 is important for jasmonate-mediated regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transport during lateral root formation.	plant roots show an impressive degree of plasticity in adapting their branching patterns to ever-changing growth conditions. an important mechanism underlying this adaptation ability is the interaction between hormonal and developmental signals. here, we analyze the interaction of jasmonate with auxin to regulate lateral root (lr) formation through characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana mutant, jasmonate-induced defective lateral root1 (jdl1/asa1-1). we demonstrate that, whereas exogenous j ...	2009	19435934
dynamic behavior of arabidopsis eif4a-iii, putative core protein of exon junction complex: fast relocation to nucleolus and splicing speckles under hypoxia.	here, we identify the arabidopsis thaliana ortholog of the mammalian dead box helicase, eif4a-iii, the putative anchor protein of exon junction complex (ejc) on mrna. arabidopsis eif4a-iii interacts with an ortholog of the core ejc component, aly/ref, and colocalizes with other ejc components, such as mago, y14, and rnps1, suggesting a similar function in ejc assembly to animal eif4a-iii. a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-eif4a-iii fusion protein showed localization to several subnuclear domains ...	2009	19435936
genome degradation in brucella ovis corresponds with narrowing of its host range and tissue tropism.	brucella ovis is a veterinary pathogen associated with epididymitis in sheep. despite its genetic similarity to the zoonotic pathogens b. abortus, b. melitensis and b. suis, b. ovis does not cause zoonotic disease. genomic analysis of the type strain atcc25840 revealed a high percentage of pseudogenes and increased numbers of transposable elements compared to the zoonotic brucella species, suggesting that genome degradation has occurred concomitant with narrowing of the host range of b. ovis. th ...	2009	19436743
evidence that the linker between the methyltransferase and helicase domains of potato virus x replicase is involved in homologous rna recombination.	recombination in rna viruses, one of the main factors contributing to their genetic variability and evolution, is a widespread phenomenon. in this study, an in vivo assay to characterize rna recombination in potato virus x (pvx), under high selection pressure, was established. agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to express in nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue both a pvx isolate labeled with green fluorescent protein (gfp) containing a coat protein deletion mutation (deltacp) and a transcript enco ...	2009	19439477
agrobacterium in the genomics age.		2009	19439569
evidence for a role of gibberellins in salicylic acid-modulated early plant responses to abiotic stress in arabidopsis seeds.	exogenous application of gibberellic acid (ga(3)) was able to reverse the inhibitory effect of salt, oxidative, and heat stresses in the germination and seedling establishment of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), this effect being accompanied by an increase in salicylic acid (sa) levels, a hormone that in recent years has been implicated in plant responses to abiotic stress. furthermore, this treatment induced an increase in the expression levels of the isochorismate synthase1 and nonexpressor ...	2009	19439570
senescence-induced serotonin biosynthesis and its role in delaying senescence in rice leaves.	serotonin, which is well known as a pineal hormone in mammals, plays a key role in conditions such as mood, eating disorders, and alcoholism. in plants, although serotonin has been suggested to be involved in several physiological roles, including flowering, morphogenesis, and adaptation to environmental changes, its regulation and functional roles are as yet not characterized at the molecular level. in this study, we found that serotonin is greatly accumulated in rice (oryza sativa) leaves unde ...	2009	19439571
functional characterization of the arabidopsis beta-ketoacyl-coenzyme a reductase candidates of the fatty acid elongase.	in plants, very-long-chain fatty acids (vlcfas; >18 carbon) are precursors of sphingolipids, triacylglycerols, cuticular waxes, and suberin. vlcfas are synthesized by a multiprotein membrane-bound fatty acid elongation system that catalyzes four successive enzymatic reactions: condensation, reduction, dehydration, and a second reduction. a bioinformatics survey of the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) genome has revealed two sequences homologous to ybr159w encoding a saccharomyces cerevisiae be ...	2009	19439572
rna interference of lin5 in tomato confirms its role in controlling brix content, uncovers the influence of sugars on the levels of fruit hormones, and demonstrates the importance of sucrose cleavage for normal fruit development and fertility.	it has been previously demonstrated, utilizing intraspecific introgression lines, that lycopersicum invertase5 (lin5), which encodes a cell wall invertase, controls total soluble solids content in tomato (solanum lycopersicum). the physiological role of this protein, however, has not yet been directly studied, since evaluation of data obtained from the introgression lines is complicated by the fact that they additionally harbor many other wild species alleles. to allow a more precise comparison, ...	2009	19439574
stilbene synthase gene transfer caused alterations in the phenylpropanoid metabolism of transgenic strawberry (fragaria x ananassa).	the gene encoding stilbene synthase is frequently used to modify plant secondary metabolism with the aim of producing the self-defence phytoalexin resveratrol. in this study, strawberry (fragaria x ananassa) was transformed with the ns-vitis3 gene encoding stilbene synthase from frost grape (vitis riparia) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s and the floral filament-specific fil1 promoters. changes in leaf metabolites were investigated with uplc-qtof-ms (ultra performance liquid ...	2009	19443619
multiple activities of the plant pathogen type iii effector proteins wtse and avre require wxxxe motifs.	the broadly conserved avre-family of type iii effectors from gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria includes important virulence factors, yet little is known about the mechanisms by which these effectors function inside plant cells to promote disease. we have identified two conserved motifs in avre-family effectors: a wxxxe motif and a putative c-terminal endoplasmic reticulum membrane retention/retrieval signal (ermrs). the wxxxe and ermrs motifs are both required for the virulence activities ...	2009	19445595
the s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase gene ahcy of agrobacterium radiobacter k84 is required for optimal growth, antibiotic production, and biocontrol of crown gall disease.	agrobacterium radiobacter k84 is a commercial agent used worldwide to control crown gall disease caused by pathogenic isolates of a. tumefaciens. more than 2,000 transposon insertion derivatives of strain k84 were screened by a standardized greenhouse bioassay to identify mutants defective in biocontrol. three mutants affected in biocontrol properties were identified. all three mutants displayed normal levels of attachment to tomato seed and root colonization. one of these mutants, m19-164, exhi ...	2009	19445596
a key enzyme of the leloir pathway is involved in pathogenicity of leptosphaeria maculans toward oilseed rape.	agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated random insertional mutagenesis was used to investigate pathogenicity determinants in leptosphaeria maculans. one tagged nonpathogenic mutant, termed m186, is analyzed in detail here. microscopic analyses of infected plant tissues revealed that m186 is specifically blocked at the invasive growth phase after an unaffected initial penetration stage and is unable to switch to the necrotrophic lifestyle. in addition, m186 exhibits an altered cell wall and seems to b ...	2009	19445597
discovery and characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana n-acylphosphatidylethanolamine synthase.	n-acylethanolamines (naes) are lipids involved in several physiological processes in animal and plant cells. in brain, naes are ligands of endocannabinoid receptors, which modulate various signaling pathways. in plant, naes regulate seed germination and root development, and they are involved in plant defense against pathogen attack. this signaling activity is started by an enzyme called n-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (nape) synthase. this catalyzes the n-acylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to ...	2009	19447891
novel toxin-antitoxin system composed of serine protease and aaa-atpase homologues determines the high level of stability and incompatibility of the tumor-inducing plasmid ptic58.	stability of plant tumor-inducing (ti) plasmids differs among strains. a high level of stability prevents basic and applied studies including the development of useful strains. the nopaline type ti plasmid ptic58 significantly reduces the transconjugant efficiency for incoming incompatible plasmids relative to the other type, such as octopine-type plasmids. in this study we identified a region that increases the incompatibility and stability of the plasmid. this region was located on a 4.3-kbp s ...	2009	19447904
analysis of dna binding by a eubacterial zinc finger transcription factor.	the serratia marcescens nucc protein is structurally and functionally homologous to the p2 ogr family of eubacterial zinc finger transcription factors required for late gene expression in p2- and p4-related bacteriophages. these activators exhibit site-specific binding to a conserved dna sequence, tgt-n(3)-r-n(4)-y-n(3)-aca, that is located upstream of nucc-dependent s. marcescens promoters and the late promoters of p2-related phages. in this report we describe the interactions of nucc with the ...	2009	19447913
phosphorylation of sos3-like calcium binding protein8 by sos2 protein kinase stabilizes their protein complex and regulates salt tolerance in arabidopsis.	the salt overly sensitive (sos) pathway plays an important role in the regulation of na+/k+ ion homeostasis and salt tolerance in arabidopsis thaliana. previously, we reported that the calcium binding proteins sos3 and sos3-like calcium binding protein8 (scabp8) nonredundantly activate the protein kinase sos2. here, we show that sos2 phosphorylates scabp8 at its c terminus but does not phosphorylate sos3. in vitro, sos2 phosphorylation of scabp8 was enhanced by the bimolecular interaction of sos ...	2009	19448033
cis-element- and transcriptome-based screening of root hair-specific genes and their functional characterization in arabidopsis.	understanding the cellular differentiation of multicellular organisms requires the characterization of genes whose expression is modulated in a cell type-specific manner. the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) root hair cell is one model for studying cellular differentiation. in this study, root hair cell-specific genes were screened by a series of in silico and experimental filtration procedures. this process included genome-wide screening for genes with a root hair-specific cis-element in thei ...	2009	19448035
recognition of avrbs3-like proteins is mediated by specific binding to promoters of matching pepper bs3 alleles.	the pepper (capsicum annuum) bacterial spot (bs) resistance gene bs3 and its allelic variant bs3-e mediate recognition of the xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria type iii effector protein avrbs3 and its deletion derivative avrbs3deltarep16. recognition specificity resides in the bs3 and bs3-e promoters and is determined by a defined promoter region, the upa (for up-regulated by avrbs3) box. using site-directed mutagenesis, we defined the exact boundaries of the upa(avrbs3) box of the bs3 promo ...	2009	19448036
bacterial diversity analysis of larvae and adult midgut microflora using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods in lab-reared and field-collected anopheles stephensi-an asian malarial vector.	mosquitoes are intermediate hosts for numerous disease causing organisms. vector control is one of the most investigated strategy for the suppression of mosquito-borne diseases. anopheles stephensi is one of the vectors of malaria parasite plasmodium vivax. the parasite undergoes major developmental and maturation steps within the mosquito midgut and little is known about anopheles-associated midgut microbiota. identification and characterization of the mosquito midgut flora is likely to contrib ...	2009	19450290
chromophore structure of cyanobacterial phytochrome cph1 in the pr state: reconciling structural and spectroscopic data by qm/mm calculations.	a quantum mechanics (qm)/molecular mechanics (mm) hybrid method was applied to the pr state of the cyanobacterial phytochrome cph1 to calculate the raman spectra of the bound pcb cofactor. two qm/mm models were derived from the atomic coordinates of the crystal structure. the models differed in the protonation site of his(260) in the chromophore-binding pocket such that either the delta-nitrogen (m-hsd) or the epsilon-nitrogen (m-hse) carried a hydrogen. the optimized structures of the two model ...	2009	19450486
application of tilling and ecotilling as reverse genetic approaches to elucidate the function of genes in plants and animals.	with the fairly recent advent of inexpensive, rapid sequencing technologies that continue to improve sequencing efficiency and accuracy, many species of animals, plants, and microbes have annotated genomic information publicly available. the focus on genomics has thus been shifting from the collection of whole sequenced genomes to the study of functional genomics. reverse genetic approaches have been used for many years to advance from sequence data to the resulting phenotype in an effort to ded ...	2008	19452039
a launch vector for the production of vaccine antigens in plants.	historically, most vaccines have been based on killed or live-attenuated infectious agents. although very successful at immunizing populations against disease, both approaches raise safety concerns and often have limited production capacity. this has resulted in increased emphasis on the development of subunit vaccines. several recombinant systems have been considered for subunit vaccine manufacture, including plants, which offer advantages both in cost and in scale of production. we have develo ...	2007	19453476
a plant-produced influenza subunit vaccine protects ferrets against virus challenge.	influenza a viruses are of major concern for public health, causing worldwide epidemics associated with high morbidity and mortality. vaccines are critical for protection against influenza, but given the recent emergence of new strains with pandemic potential, and some limitations of the current production systems, there is a need for new approaches for vaccine development.	2008	19453491
the role of respiratory burst oxidase homologues in elicitor-induced stomatal closure and hypersensitive response in nicotiana benthamiana.	active oxygen species (aos) are central components of the defence reactions of plants against pathogens. plant respiratory burst oxidase homologues (rboh) of gp91(phox), a plasma membrane protein of the neutrophil nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase, play a prominent role in aos production. the role of two rboh from nicotiana benthamiana, nbrboha and nbrbohb that encode plant nadph oxidase in the process of elicitor-induced stomatal closure and hypersensitive cell death i ...	2009	19454596
association genetics reveals three novel avirulence genes from the rice blast fungal pathogen magnaporthe oryzae.	to subvert rice (oryza sativa) host defenses, the devastating ascomycete fungus pathogen magnaporthe oryzae produces a battery of effector molecules, including some with avirulence (avr) activity, which are recognized by host resistance (r) proteins resulting in rapid and effective activation of innate immunity. to isolate novel avirulence genes from m. oryzae, we examined dna polymorphisms of secreted protein genes predicted from the genome sequence of isolate 70-15 and looked for an associatio ...	2009	19454732
gibberellin modulates anther development in rice via the transcriptional regulation of gamyb.	gibberellins (gas) play important roles in regulating reproductive development, especially anther development. our previous studies revealed that the myb transcriptional factor gamyb, an important component of ga signaling in cereal aleurone cells, is also important for anther development. here, we examined the physiological functions of ga during anther development through phenotypic analyses of rice (oryza sativa) ga-deficient, ga-insensitive, and gamyb mutants. the mutants exhibited common de ...	2009	19454733
the fast technique: a simplified agrobacterium-based transformation method for transient gene expression analysis in seedlings of arabidopsis and other plant species.	abstract:	2009	19457242
iron translocation into and out of listeria innocua dps and size distribution of the protein-enclosed nanomineral are modulated by the electrostatic gradient at the 3-fold "ferritin-like" pores.	elucidating pore function at the 3-fold channels of 12-subunit, microbial dps proteins is important in understanding their role in the management of iron/hydrogen peroxide. the dps pores are called "ferritin-like" because of the structural resemblance to the 3-fold channels of 24-subunit ferritins used for iron entry and exit to and from the protein cage. in ferritins, negatively charged residues lining the pores generate a negative electrostatic gradient that guides iron ions toward the ferroxi ...	2009	19457858
inefficient double-strand dna break repair is associated with increased fasciation in arabidopsis brca2 mutants.	brca2 is a breast tumour susceptibility factor with functions in maintaining genome stability through ensuring efficient double-strand dna break (dsb) repair via homologous recombination. although best known in vertebrates, fungi, and higher plants also possess brca2-like genes. to investigate the role of arabidopsis brca2 genes in dna repair in somatic cells, transposon insertion mutants of the atbrca2a and atbrca2b genes were identified and characterized. atbrca2a-1 and atbrca2b-1 mutant plant ...	2009	19457980
cdkb1;1 forms a functional complex with cyca2;3 to suppress endocycle onset.	the mitosis-to-endocycle transition requires the controlled inactivation of m phase-associated cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) activity. previously, the b-type cdkb1;1 was identified as an important negative regulator of endocycle onset. here, we demonstrate that cdkb1;1 copurifies and associates with the a2-type cyclin cyca2;3. coexpression of cyca2;3 with cdkb1;1 triggered ectopic cell divisions and inhibited endoreduplication. moreover, the enhanced endoreduplication phenotype observed after ov ...	2009	19458112
host and pathogen factors controlling the rice-xanthomonas oryzae interaction.		2009	19458115
pseudo-outbreak of rhizobium radiobacter infection resulting from laboratory contamination of saline solution.	we report a pseudo-outbreak of rhizobium radiobacter infections resulting from contamination by a saline dispenser in the microbiology laboratory. isolates from clinical specimens had identical antimicrobial susceptibilities and electrophoretic fingerprints. the episode resolved with autoclaving of the dispenser. this demonstrates the importance of timely, thorough investigation of unusual organisms, particularly when they appear as a cluster.	2009	19458174
suppressed expression of retrograde-regulated male sterility restores pollen fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile rice plants.	conflict/reconciliation between mitochondria and nuclei in plants is manifested by the fate of pollen (viable or nonviable) in the cytoplasmic male sterility (cms)/fertility restoration (rf) system. through positional cloning, we identified a nuclear candidate gene, retrograde-regulated male sterility (rms) for rf17, a fertility restorer gene for chinese wild rice (cw)-type cms in rice (oryza sativa l.). rna interference-mediated gene silencing of rms restored fertility to a cms plant, whereas i ...	2009	19458265
quorum-sensing signal production by agrobacterium vitis strains and their tumor-inducing and tartrate-catabolic plasmids.	agrobacterium vitis strains, their tumor-inducing (pti) and tartrate utilization (ptr) plasmid transconjugants and grapevine tumors were analyzed for the presence of n-acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls). all wild-type a. vitis strains produced long-chain signals. pcr analysis of the a. vitis long-chain ahl synthase gene, avsi, showed the predicted amplicon. agrobacterium tumefaciens ubapf2 harboring various a. vitis pti plasmids produced n-(3-oxo-octanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone encoded also by ptis ...	2009	19459947
geminiviruses: a tale of a plasmid becoming a virus.	geminiviruses (family geminiviridae) are small single-stranded (ss) dna viruses infecting plants. their virion morphology is unique in the known viral world - two incomplete t = 1 icosahedra are joined together to form twinned particles. geminiviruses utilize a rolling-circle mode to replicate their genomes. a limited sequence similarity between the three conserved motifs of the rolling-circle replication initiation proteins (rcr reps) of geminiviruses and plasmids of gram-positive bacteria allo ...	2009	19460138
rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae 3841, deficient in 27-hydroxyoctacosanoate-modified lipopolysaccharide, is impaired in desiccation tolerance, biofilm formation and motility.	the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of the gram-negative legume symbiont rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae 3,841 contains several unique modifications, including the addition of a 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid (27ohc28 : 0), also termed the very long chain fatty acid (vlcfa), attached at the 2' position of lipid a. a transposon mutant that lacks expression of two putative 3-oxo-acyl [acyl-carrier protein] synthase ii genes, fabf1 and fabf2, from the vlcfa biosynthetic cluster, was isolated and charac ...	2009	19460825
identification of the chloroplast adenosine-to-inosine trna editing enzyme.	plastids (chloroplasts) of higher plants exhibit two types of conversional rna editing: cytidine-to-uridine editing in mrnas and adenosine-to-inosine editing in at least one plastid genome-encoded trna, the trna-arg(acg). the enzymes catalyzing rna editing reactions in plastids are unknown. here we report the identification of the a-to-i trna editing enzyme from chloroplasts of the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. the protein (attada) has an unusual structure in that it harbors a large n-termin ...	2009	19460869
antityrosinase and antimicrobial activities of trans-cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.	tyrosinase (ec 1.14.18.1) is a key enzyme in pigment biosynthesis of organisms. trans-cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, a derivative of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, was synthesized as an inhibitor of tyrosinase. the inhibitory effects of this compound on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were investigated. the results showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone could potently inhibit both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity of tyrosinase. for monophenolase activity, trans ...	2009	19462982
replication and conjugative mobilization of broad host-range incq plasmids.	the incq plasmids have a broader host-range than any other known replicating element in bacteria. studies on the replication and conjugative mobilization of these plasmids, which have mostly been focused on the nearly identical rsf1010 and r1162, are summarized with a view to understanding how this broad host-range is achieved. several significant features of incq plasmids emerge from these studies: (1) initiation of replication, involving dnaa-independent activation of the origin and a dedicate ...	2009	19465049
characterization of a gene cluster involved in 4-chlorocatechol degradation by pseudomonas reinekei mt1.	pseudomonas reinekei mt1 has previously been reported to degrade 4- and 5-chlorosalicylate by a pathway with 4-chlorocatechol, 3-chloromuconate, 4-chloromuconolactone, and maleylacetate as intermediates, and a gene cluster channeling various salicylates into an intradiol cleavage route has been reported. we now report that during growth on 5-chlorosalicylate, besides a novel (chloro)catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, c12o(ccaa), a novel (chloro)muconate cycloisomerase, mci(ccab), which showed features no ...	2009	19465655
overexpression of citrus junos mitochondrial citrate synthase gene in nicotiana benthamiana confers aluminum tolerance.	aluminum (al) toxicity is one of the major factors that limit plant growth in acid soils. al-induced release of organic acids into rhizosphere from the root apex has been identified as a major al-tolerance mechanism in many plant species. in this study, al tolerance of yuzu (citrus junos sieb. ex tanaka) was tested on the basis of root elongation and the results demonstrated that yuzu was al tolerant compared with other plant species. exposure to al triggered the exudation of citrate from the yu ...	2009	19466450
rolc strawberry plant adaptability, productivity, and tolerance to soil-borne disease and mycorrhizal interactions.	the potential to improve strawberry cultivation was assessed regarding the use the rolc genes from agrobacterium rhizogenes that can confer higher levels of free cytokinins. strawberry (cv. calypso) rolc lines were produced by genetic transformation of agrobacterium tumefaciens. yield and fruit quality of the control and transgenic lines were measured under open-field conditions. the effects of the transgenic rolc lines depended on gene copy number: rolc lines with one (line a) or two gene (line ...	2009	19466576
overexpression of a weed (solanum americanum) proteinase inhibitor in transgenic tobacco results in increased glandular trichome density and enhanced resistance to helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura.	in this study we produced transgenic tobacco plants by overexpressing a serine proteinase inhibitor gene, sapin2a, from the american black nightshade solanum americanum under the control of the camv 35s promoter using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. sapin2a was properly transcribed and translated as indicated by northern blot and western blot analyses. functional integrity of sapin2a in transgenic plants was confirmed by proteinase inhibitory activity assay. bioassays for inse ...	2009	19468345
osysl18 is a rice iron(iii)-deoxymugineic acid transporter specifically expressed in reproductive organs and phloem of lamina joints.	iron uptake and translocation in plants are important processes for both plant and human nutrition, whereas relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms of iron transport within the plant body. several reports have shown that yellow stripe 1 (ys1) and ys1-like (ysl) transporters mediate metal-phytosiderophore uptake and/or metal-nicotianamine translocation. among the 18 ysl genes in rice (osysls), osysl18 is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 679 amino acids containing 13 putative ...	2009	19468840
systems level analysis of two-component signal transduction systems in erwinia amylovora: role in virulence, regulation of amylovoran biosynthesis and swarming motility.	two-component signal transduction systems (tcsts), consisting of a histidine kinase (hk) and a response regulator (rr), represent a major paradigm for signal transduction in prokaryotes. tcsts play critical roles in sensing and responding to environmental conditions, and in bacterial pathogenesis. most tcsts in erwinia amylovora have either not been identified or have not yet been studied.	2009	19470164
dwarf27, an iron-containing protein required for the biosynthesis of strigolactones, regulates rice tiller bud outgrowth.	tillering in rice (oryza sativa) is one of the most important agronomic traits that determine grain yields. previous studies on rice tillering mutants have shown that the outgrowth of tiller buds in rice is regulated by a carotenoid-derived max/rms/d (more axillary branching) pathway, which may be conserved in higher plants. strigolactones, a group of terpenoid lactones, have been recently identified as products of the max/rms/d pathway that inhibits axillary bud outgrowth. we report here the mo ...	2009	19470589
remorin, a solanaceae protein resident in membrane rafts and plasmodesmata, impairs potato virus x movement.	remorins (rems) are proteins of unknown function specific to vascular plants. we have used imaging and biochemical approaches and in situ labeling to demonstrate that rem clusters at plasmodesmata and in approximately 70-nm membrane domains, similar to lipid rafts, in the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane. from a manipulation of rem levels in transgenic tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants, we show that potato virus x (pvx) movement is inversely related to rem accumulation. we show that r ...	2009	19470590
inactivation of thioredoxin-like gene alters oxidative stress resistance and reduces cytochrome c oxidase activity in agrobacterium tumefaciens.	thioredoxin-like protein (tlpa) is a membrane-anchored periplasmic protein that contains a thioredoxin domain at its c-terminus. an agrobacterium tumefaciens mutant lacking functional tlpa shows increased sensitivity to a superoxide generator, increased resistance to h2o2, and reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity. whereas the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including total superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalases, are unaltered, high expression of periplasmic sod partially restores the superoxid ...	2009	19473258
biofilm forming abilities of salmonella are correlated with persistence in fish meal- and feed factories.	feed contaminated with salmonella spp. constitutes a risk of salmonella infections in animals, and subsequently in the consumers of animal products. salmonella are occasionally isolated from the feed factory environment and some clones of salmonella persist in the factory environment for several years. one hypothesis is that biofilm formation facilitates persistence by protecting bacteria against environmental stress, e.g. disinfection. the aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm formin ...	2009	19473515
the fractionated orthology of bs2 and rx/gpa2 supports shared synteny of disease resistance in the solanaceae.	comparative genomics provides a powerful tool for the identification of genes that encode traits shared between crop plants and model organisms. pathogen resistance conferred by plant r genes of the nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich-repeat (nb-lrr) class is one such trait with great agricultural importance that occupies a critical position in understanding fundamental processes of pathogen detection and coevolution. the proposed rapid rearrangement of r genes in genome evolution would make compara ...	2009	19474202
fine-tuning of the cytoplasmic ca2+ concentration is essential for pollen tube growth.	pollen tube growth is crucial for the delivery of sperm cells to the ovule during flowering plant reproduction. previous in vitro imaging of lilium longiflorum and nicotiana tabacum has shown that growing pollen tubes exhibit a tip-focused ca(2+) concentration ([ca(2+)]) gradient and regular oscillations of the cytosolic [ca(2+)] ([ca(2+)](cyt)) in the tip region. whether this [ca(2+)] gradient and/or [ca(2+)](cyt) oscillations are present as the tube grows through the stigma (in vivo condition) ...	2009	19474213
fitness of escherichia coli during urinary tract infection requires gluconeogenesis and the tca cycle.	microbial pathogenesis studies traditionally encompass dissection of virulence properties such as the bacterium's ability to elaborate toxins, adhere to and invade host cells, cause tissue damage, or otherwise disrupt normal host immune and cellular functions. in contrast, bacterial metabolism during infection has only been recently appreciated to contribute to persistence as much as their virulence properties. in this study, we used comparative proteomics to investigate the expression of uropat ...	2009	19478872
comparative genomic characterization of francisella tularensis strains belonging to low and high virulence subspecies.	tularemia is a geographically widespread, severely debilitating, and occasionally lethal disease in humans. it is caused by infection by a gram-negative bacterium, francisella tularensis. in order to better understand its potency as an etiological agent as well as its potential as a biological weapon, we have completed draft assemblies and report the first complete genomic characterization of five strains belonging to the following different francisella subspecies (subsp.): the f. tularensis sub ...	2009	19478886
in vivo reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in leaves of nicotiana tabacum l. transformed with plastin-gfp. correlation with light-activated chloroplast responses.	the actin cytoskeleton is involved in the responses of plants to environmental signals. actin bundles play the role of tracks in chloroplast movements activated by light. chloroplasts redistribute in response to blue light in the mesophyll cells of nicotiana tabacum. the aim of this work was to study the relationship between chloroplast responses and the organization of actin cytoskeleton in living tobacco cells. chloroplast movements were measured photometrically as changes in light transmissio ...	2009	19480655
pleiotropic effects of the twin-arginine translocation system on biofilm formation, colonization, and virulence in vibrio cholerae.	the twin-arginine translocation (tat) system serves to translocate folded proteins, including periplasmic enzymes that bind redox cofactors in bacteria. the tat system is also a determinant of virulence in some pathogenic bacteria, related to pleiotropic effects including growth, motility, and the secretion of some virulent factors. the contribution of the tat pathway to vibrio cholerae has not been explored. here we investigated the functionality of the tat system in v. cholerae, the etiologic ...	2009	19480715
enzymatic assay of d-glucuronate using uronate dehydrogenase.	d-glucuronate is a key metabolite in the process of detoxification of xenobiotics and in a recently constructed synthetic pathway to produce d-glucaric acid, a "top value-added chemical" from biomass. a simple and specific assay of d-glucuronate would be useful for studying these processes, but existing assays are either time-consuming or nonspecific. using uronate dehydrogenase cloned from agrobacterium tumefaciens, we developed an assay for d-glucuronate with a detection limit of 5 microm. thi ...	2009	19481054
rna binding by the brome mosaic virus capsid protein and the regulation of viral rna accumulation.	viral capsid proteins (cps) can regulate gene expression and encapsulate viral rnas. low-level expression of the brome mosaic virus (bmv) cp was found to stimulate viral rna accumulation, while higher levels inhibited translation and bmv rna replication. regulation of translation acts through an rna element named the b box, which is also critical for the replicase assembly. the bmv cp has also been shown to preferentially bind to an rna element named slc that contains the core promoter for genom ...	2009	19481091
the transcription factor abi4 is a regulator of mitochondrial retrograde expression of alternative oxidase1a.	plant cells integrate signals from external sources and from organelles to regulate gene expression, referred to as anterograde and retrograde signaling, respectively. functional characterization of the promoter of alternative oxidase1a (aox1a) from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), a marker for mitochondrial retrograde response, was carried out by testing the ability of the aox1a promoter to drive expression of the reporter gene gus. this approach identified a strong repressor element, design ...	2009	19482916
negative regulation of systemic acquired resistance by replication factor c subunit3 in arabidopsis.	systemic acquired resistance (sar) is a plant immune response induced by local necrotizing pathogen infections. expression of sar in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) plants correlates with accumulation of salicylic acid (sa) and up-regulation of pathogenesis-related (pr) genes. sa is an essential and sufficient signal for sar. in a genetic screen to search for negative regulators of pr gene expression and sar, we found a new mutant that is hypersensitive to sa and exhibits enhanced induction o ...	2009	19482917
the role of annexin 1 in drought stress in arabidopsis.	annexins act as targets of calcium signals in eukaryotic cells, and recent results suggest that they play an important role in plant stress responses. we found that in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), annat1 (for annexin 1) mrna levels were up-regulated in leaves by most of the stress treatments applied. plants overexpressing annat1 protein were more drought tolerant and knockout plants were more drought sensitive than ecotype columbia plants. we also observed that hydrogen peroxide accumulat ...	2009	19482919
agrobacterium tumefaciens virc2 enhances t-dna transfer and virulence through its c-terminal ribbon-helix-helix dna-binding fold.	agrobacterium tumefaciens virc2 stimulates processing of single-stranded t-dna that is translocated into plants to induce tumor formation, but how virc2 functions is unclear. here, we report the 1.7-a x-ray crystal structure of its trypsin-resistant c-terminal domain, virc2(82-202), which reveals a form of the ribbon-helix-helix (rhh) dna-binding fold contained within a single polypeptide chain. dna-binding assays and mutagenesis indicate that virc2 uses this rhh fold to bind double-stranded dna ...	2009	19482939
signals, regulatory networks, and materials that build and break bacterial biofilms.	biofilms are communities of microorganisms that live attached to surfaces. biofilm formation has received much attention in the last decade, as it has become clear that virtually all types of bacteria can form biofilms and that this may be the preferred mode of bacterial existence in nature. our current understanding of biofilm formation is based on numerous studies of myriad bacterial species. here, we review a portion of this large body of work including the environmental signals and signaling ...	2009	19487730
conserved threonine residues within the a-loop of the receptor nik differentially regulate the kinase function required for antiviral signaling.	nsp-interacting kinase (nik1) is a receptor-like kinase identified as a virulence target of the begomovirus nuclear shuttle protein (nsp). we found that nik1 undergoes a stepwise pattern of phosphorylation within its activation-loop domain (a-loop) with distinct roles for different threonine residues. mutations at thr-474 or thr-468 impaired autophosphorylation and were defective for kinase activation. in contrast, a mutation at thr-469 did not impact autophosphorylation and increased substrate ...	2009	19492062
identification and expression analysis of wrky transcription factor genes in canola (brassica napus l.) in response to fungal pathogens and hormone treatments.	members of plant wrky transcription factor families are widely implicated in defense responses and various other physiological processes. for canola (brassica napus l.), no wrky genes have been described in detail. because of the economic importance of this crop, and its evolutionary relationship to arabidopsis thaliana, we sought to characterize a subset of canola wrky genes in the context of pathogen and hormone responses.	2009	19493335
comprehensive comparative-genomic analysis of type 2 toxin-antitoxin systems and related mobile stress response systems in prokaryotes.	the prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin systems (tas, also referred to as ta loci) are widespread, mobile two-gene modules that can be viewed as selfish genetic elements because they evolved mechanisms to become addictive for replicons and cells in which they reside, but also possess "normal" cellular functions in various forms of stress response and management of prokaryotic population. several distinct tas of type 1, where the toxin is a protein and the antitoxin is an antisense rna, and numerous, unr ...	2009	19493340
activation of beta-glucan synthases by wall-bound purple acid phosphatase in tobacco cells.	wall-bound purple acid phosphatases have been shown to be potentially involved in the regulation of plant cell growth. the aim of this work was to further investigate the function of one of these phosphatases in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), ntpap12, using transgenic cells overexpressing the enzyme. the transgenic cells exhibited a higher level of phosphatase activity in their walls. the corresponding protoplasts regenerating a cell wall exhibited a higher rate of beta-glucan synthesis and cellul ...	2009	19493971
autoinducer-2-based chemical communication in bacteria: complexities of interspecies signaling.	cell-cell communication in bacteria, called quorum sensing, relies on production, release, and detection of signaling molecules, termed autoinducers. communication enables populations of cells to synchronize gene expression and therefore behave as a group in a manner akin to cells in multicellular organisms. most quorum-sensing systems allow communication within an individual species of bacteria. however, one autoinducer, called ai-2, is produced and recognized by many different bacterial specie ...	2009	19494577
characterization of the covalent and noncovalent adducts of agp1 phytochrome assembled with biliverdin and phycocyanobilin by circular dichroism and flash photolysis.	the functional role of the covalent attachment of the bilin chromophores biliverdin (bv) and phycocyanobilin (pcb) was investigated for phytochrome agp1 from agrobacterium tumefaciens using circular dichroism (cd) and transient absorption spectroscopy. covalent and noncovalent adducts with these chromophores were prepared by using wild-type (wt) agp1 (covalent bv and noncovalent pcb binding), mutant c20a in which the covalent bv binding site is eliminated, and mutant v249c in which the covalent ...	2009	19496558
quorum sensing differentially regulates pseudomonas aeruginosa type vi secretion locus i and homologous loci ii and iii, which are required for pathogenesis.	pseudomonas aeruginosa harbours three type vi secretion (t6s) loci. although hsi-i has been partially studied, limited knowledge is available on the homologous loci hsi-ii and hsi-iii. we show that quorum sensing (qs) differentially regulates the expression of genes at all three loci. hsi-i-associated gene expression is suppressed by both the homoserine lactone transcription factor lasr and the 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinoline (haq) transcriptional regulator mvfr. conversely, both hsi-ii and hsi-iii l ...	2009	19497948
an alternative succinate (2-oxoglutarate) transport system in rhizobium tropici is induced in nodules of phaseolus vulgaris.	the rhizobial dcta permease is essential for the development of effective nitrogen-fixing bacteroids, which was correlated with its requirement for growth on c(4)-dicarboxylates. a previously described dcta mutant of rhizobium tropici ciat899, strain ga1 (dcta), however, was unexpectedly still able to grow on succinate as a sole carbon source but less efficiently than ciat899. like other rhizobial dcta mutants, ga1 was unable to grow on fumarate or malate as a carbon source and induced the forma ...	2009	19502401
functional and expression analyses of the cop operon, required for copper resistance in agrobacterium tumefaciens.	the copper resistance determinant coparz, which encodes a cpx-type copper atpase efflux protein, a transcriptional regulator, and a putative intracellular copper chaperone, was functionally characterized for the phytopathogenic bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens. these genes are transcribed as an operon, and their expression is induced in response to increasing copper and silver ion concentrations in a copr-dependent fashion. analysis of the coparz promoter revealed a putative copr binding box ...	2009	19502402
structure-based rational design of a phosphotriesterase.	in silico substrate docking of both stereoisomers of the pesticide chlorfenvinphos (cvp) in the phosphotriesterase from agrobacterium radiobacter identified two residues (f131 and w132) that prevent productive substrate binding and cause stereospecificity. a variant (w131h/f132a) was designed that exhibited ca. 480-fold and 8-fold increases in the rate of z-cvp and e-cvp hydrolysis, respectively, eliminating stereospecificity.	2009	19502439
agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression and silencing: a rapid tool for functional gene assay in potato.	potato is the third most important food crop worldwide. however, genetic and genomic research of potato has lagged behind other major crops due to the autopolyploidy and highly heterozygous nature associated with the potato genome. reliable and technically undemanding techniques are not available for functional gene assays in potato. here we report the development of a transient gene expression and silencing system in potato. gene expression or rnai-based gene silencing constructs were delivered ...	2009	19503835
optimization of the bioprocessing conditions for scale-up of transient production of a heterologous protein in plants using a chemically inducible viral amplicon expression system.	use of transient expression for the rapid, large-scale production of recombinant proteins in plants requires optimization of existing methods to facilitate scale-up of the process. we have demonstrated that the techniques used for agroinfiltration and induction greatly impact transient production levels of heterologous protein. a cucumber mosaic virus inducible viral amplicon (cmviva) expression system was used to transiently produce recombinant alpha-1-antitrypsin (raat) by co-infiltrating harv ...	2009	19504593
ethylene insensitivity conferred by a mutated arabidopsis ethylene receptor gene alters nodulation in transgenic lotus japonicus.	transgenics are used to demonstrate a causal relationship between ethylene insensitivity of a seedling legume plant, the level of ethylene receptor gene expression, lateral root growth and mesorhizobium loti-induced nodule initiation.	2009	19505874
identification of a new rice blast resistance gene, pid3, by genomewide comparison of paired nucleotide-binding site--leucine-rich repeat genes and their pseudogene alleles between the two sequenced rice genomes.	rice blast, caused by magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases. the two major subspecies of asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.), indica and japonica, have shown obvious differences in rice blast resistance, but the genomic basis that underlies the difference is not clear. we performed a genomewide comparison of the major class of resistant gene family, the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (nbs-lrr) gene family, between 93-11 (indica) and nipponbare (japonica) wi ...	2009	19506306
comprehensive resources for tomato functional genomics based on the miniature model tomato micro-tom.	tomato (solanum lycopersicum l., solanaceae) is an excellent model plant for genomic research of solanaceous plants, as well as for studying the development, ripening, and metabolism of fruit. in 2003, the international solanaceae project (sol, www.sgn.cornell.edu ) was initiated by members from more than 30 countries, and the tomato genome-sequencing project is currently underway. genome sequence of tomato obtained by this project will provide a firm foundation for forthcoming genomic studies s ...	2008	19506732
expression of the psmta1 gene in white poplar engineered with the mat system is associated with heavy metal tolerance and protection against 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine mediated-dna damage.	marker-free transgenic white poplar (populus alba l., cv 'villafranca') plants, expressing the psmt (a1) gene from pisum sativum for a metallothionein-like protein, were produced by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. the 35scamv-psmt (a1)-nost cassette was inserted into the ipt-type vector pmat22. the occurrence of the abnormal ipt-shooty phenotype allowed the visual selection of transformants, while the yeast site-specific recombination r/rs system was responsible for the excisi ...	2009	19506883
synthesis and assembly of porphyromonas gingivalis fimbrial protein in potato tissues.	periodontal disease caused by the gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium porphyromonas gingivalis is thought to be initiated by the binding of p. gingivalis fimbrial protein to saliva-coated oral surfaces. to assess whether biologically active fimbrial antigen can be synthesized in edible plants, a cdna fragment encoding the c-terminal binding portion of p. gingivalis fimbrial protein, fima (amino acids 266-337), was cloned behind the mannopine synthase promoter in plant expression vector ppcv70 ...	2009	19507071