Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| characterization of a unique modification of the flagellar rod protein flgg by the campylobacter jejuni lipid a phosphoethanolamine transferase, linking bacterial locomotion and antimicrobial peptide resistance. | gram-negative bacteria assemble complex surface structures which interface with the surrounding environment and are involved in pathogenesis. recent work in campylobacter jejuni identified a gene encoding a novel phosphoethanolamine (petn) transferase cj0256, renamed eptc, that serves a dual role in modifying the flagellar rod protein, flgg, and the lipid a domain of c. jejuni lipooligosaccharide (los) with a petn residue. in this work, we characterize the unique post-translational petn modifi ... | 2011 | 22158617 |
| Identification of components of the host type IA PI 3-kinase pathway that promote internalization of Listeria monocytogenes. | The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes causes food-borne illnesses resulting in gastroenteritis, meningitis, or abortion. Listeria promotes its internalization into some human cells through binding of the bacterial surface protein InlB to the host receptor tyrosine kinase Met. Interaction of InlB with the Met receptor stimulates host signaling pathways that promote cell surface changes driving bacterial uptake. One human signaling protein that plays a critical role in Listeria entry is ty ... | 2011 | 22158742 |
| immune mediated diseases and immune modulation in the neurocritical care unit. | this chapter will review the spectrum of immune-mediated diseases that affect the nervous system and may result in an admission to the neurological intensive care unit. immunomodulatory strategies to treat acute exacerbations of neurological diseases caused by aberrant immune responses are discussed, but strategies for long-term immunosuppression are not presented. the recommendations for therapeutic intervention are based on a synthesis of the literature, and include recommendations by the coch ... | 2011 | 22161307 |
| immune mediated diseases and immune modulation in the neurocritical care unit. | this chapter will review the spectrum of immune-mediated diseases that affect the nervous system and may result in an admission to the neurological intensive care unit. immunomodulatory strategies to treat acute exacerbations of neurological diseases caused by aberrant immune responses are discussed, but strategies for long-term immunosuppression are not presented. the recommendations for therapeutic intervention are based on a synthesis of the literature, and include recommendations by the coch ... | 2011 | 22161307 |
| Comparison of molecular typing methods useful for detecting clusters of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates through routine surveillance. | Campylobacter spp. may be responsible for unreported outbreaks of foodborne disease. Detection of these outbreaks is made more difficult by the fact that the appropriate methods for detecting clusters of Campylobacter have not been well defined. We have compared the characteristics of five molecular typing methods on Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates obtained from human and non-human sources during sentinel site surveillance over a three year period. Comparative genomic fingerprinting (C ... | 2011 | 22162562 |
| brain-gut-microbe communication in health and disease. | bidirectional signalling between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain is regulated at neural, hormonal, and immunological levels. this construct is known as the brain-gut axis and is vital for maintaining homeostasis. bacterial colonization of the intestine plays a major role in the post-natal development and maturation of the immune and endocrine systems. these processes are key factors underpinning central nervous system (cns) signaling. recent research advances have seen a tremendous impr ... | 2011 | 22162969 |
| molecular epidemiology of campylobacter isolates from poultry production units in southern ireland. | this study aimed to identify the sources and routes of transmission of campylobacter in intensively reared poultry farms in the republic of ireland. breeder flocks and their corresponding broilers housed in three growing facilities were screened for the presence of campylobacter species from november 2006 through september 2007. all breeder flocks tested positive for campylobacter species (with c. jejuni and c. coli being identified). similarly, all broiler flocks also tested positive for campyl ... | 2011 | 22163024 |
| prospects of nanotechnology in clinical immunodiagnostics. | nanostructured materials are promising compounds that offer new opportunities as sensing platforms for the detection of biomolecules. having micrometer-scale length and nanometer-scale diameters, nanomaterials can be manipulated with current nanofabrication methods, as well as self-assembly techniques, to fabricate nanoscale bio-sensing devices. nanostructured materials possess extraordinary physical, mechanical, electrical, thermal and multifunctional properties. such unique properties advocate ... | 2010 | 22163566 |
| campylobacter populations in wild and domesticated mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | identifying the campylobacter genotypes that colonize farmed and wild ducks will help to assess the proportion of human disease that is potentially attributable to the consumption of duck meat and environmental exposure to duck faeces. comparison of temporally and geographically matched farmed and wild ducks showed that they had different campylobacter populations in terms of: (i) prevalence, (ii) campylobacter species and (iii) diversity of genotypes. furthermore, 92.4% of campylobacter isolate ... | 2011 | 22164198 |
| Phage-based biocontrol strategies to reduce foodborne pathogens in foods. | There has been much recent interest in the use of phages as biocontrol agents of foodborne pathogens in animals used for food production, and in the food products themselves. This interest seems to be driven by consumers' request for more natural foods, as well as the fact that foodborne outbreaks continue to occur, globally, in many foods, some of which (such as fresh produce), lack adequate methods to control any pathogenic contamination present. Also, the many successes with respect to regula ... | 2011 | 22164346 |
| development and validation of a comparative genomic fingerprinting method for high-resolution genotyping of campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis world-wide. the need for molecular subtyping methods with enhanced discrimination in the context of surveillance- and outbreak-based epidemiologic investigations of campylobacter spp. is critical to our understanding of sources and routes of transmission and the development of mitigation strategies to reduce the incidence of campylobacteriosis. we describe the development and validation of a rapid and high-resolution comparative ... | 2011 | 22170908 |
| occurrence of putative virulence genes in arcobacter species isolated from humans and animals. | interest for arcobacters in veterinary and human public health has increased since the first report of the isolation of arcobacters from food of animal origin. since then, studies worldwide have reported the occurrence of arcobacters on food and in food-production animals and have highlighted the possible transmission of especially a. butzleri to the human population. in humans, arcobacters are associated with enteritis and septicemia. to assess their clinical relevance for humans and animals, e ... | 2011 | 22170914 |
| a woman with forearm amyotrophy. | we present the case of a 33-year-old woman with benign sporadic monomelic amyotrophy of the distal part of the arm, called hirayama disease. clinical features included forearm amyotrophy sparing the brachioradialis muscle, cold paresis and causalgia. neck magnetic resonance imaging was normal in neutral and flexion position. electromyography showed denervated patterns in the extensor digitorum communis, and conduction studies ruled out multifocal motor neuropathy. motor evoked potentials were no ... | 2009 | 22171230 |
| Protective effect of probiotics on Salmonella infectivity assessed with combined in vitro gut fermentation-cellular models. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of probiotics with targeted anti-Salmonella activity requires suitable models accounting for both, microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions in gut environments. Here we report the combination of two original in vitro intestinal models closely mimicking the complex in vivo conditions of the large intestine. Effluents from continuous in vitro three-stage fermentation colonic models of Salmonella Typhimurium infection inoculated with immobilized child ... | 2011 | 22171685 |
| campylobacter jejuni infection and its virulence associated genes among children with moderate to severe diarrhea attended at emergency rooms in northeastern brazil. | campylobacter is an important cause of foodborne gastroenteritis. we determined the occurrence of campylobacter sp. - using culture-based methods - and c. jejuni, c. coli and some virulence associated genes (vag) - using pcr - among children aged ≤ 14 years attended at emergency rooms in northeastern brazil because of diarrhea. genomic dna was extracted directly from stool samples collected from 366 children. a survey form regarding clinical parameters was applied to caretakers. c. jejuni was de ... | 2011 | 22174372 |
| survival of campylobacter jejuni in co-culture with acanthamoeba castellanii: role of amoeba-mediated depletion of dissolved oxygen. | campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of infectious diarrhoea worldwide but relatively little is known about its ecology. in this study, we examined its interactions with acanthamoeba castellanii, a protozoan suspected to serve as a reservoir for bacterial pathogens. we observed rapid degradation of intracellular c. jejuni in a. castellanii 5 h post gentamicin treatment at 25°c. conversely, we found that a. castellanii promoted the extracellular growth of c. jejuni in co-cultures at 37°c in aero ... | 2011 | 22176643 |
| Characterization of mono- and mixed-culture Campylobacter jejuni biofilms. | Campylobacter jejuni, one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis, is a thermophilic and microaerophilic bacterium. These characteristics make it a fastidious organism, which limits its ability to survive outside of animal hosts. Nevertheless, C. jejuni can be transmitted to both humans and animals via environmental pathways, especially through contaminated water. Biofilms may play a crucial role in the survival of the bacterium under unfavorable environmental conditions. The goal of ... | 2011 | 22179238 |
| prevalence of selected bacterial and parasitic agents in feces from diarrheic and healthy control cats from northern california. | background: bacterial and parasitic agents are commonly implicated as causes of diarrhea in cats, but there is a paucity of information evaluating epidemiological and prevalence factors associated with most of these organisms in cats. objectives: determine the prevalence of selected enteropathogens in diarrheic and nondiarrheic cats. animals: a total of 219 diarrheic and 54 nondiarrheic cats. methods: prospective study. fresh fecal specimens were submitted for centrifugation flotation, culture, ... | 2011 | 22182203 |
| impaired fitness and transmission of macrolide-resistant campylobacter jejuni in its natural host. | campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans via the food chain and is prevalent in chickens, a natural reservoir for this pathogenic organism. due to the importance of macrolide antibiotics in clinical therapy of human campylobacteriosis, development of macrolide resistance in campylobacter has become a concern for public health. to facilitate the control of macrolide-resistant campylobacter, it is necessary to understand if macrolide resistance affects the fitness an ... | 2011 | 22183170 |
| sequences prior to conserved catalytic motifs of polysialyltransferase st8sia iv are required for substrate recognition. | polysialic acid on the neural cell adhesion molecule (ncam) modulates cell-cell adhesion and signaling, is required for proper brain development, and plays roles in neuronal regeneration and the growth and invasiveness of tumor cells. evidence indicates that ncam polysialylation is highly protein-specific, requiring an initial polysialyltransferase-ncam protein-protein interaction. previous work suggested that a polybasic region located prior to the conserved polysialyltransferase catalytic moti ... | 2011 | 22184126 |
| sequences prior to conserved catalytic motifs of polysialyltransferase st8sia iv are required for substrate recognition. | polysialic acid on the neural cell adhesion molecule (ncam) modulates cell-cell adhesion and signaling, is required for proper brain development, and plays roles in neuronal regeneration and the growth and invasiveness of tumor cells. evidence indicates that ncam polysialylation is highly protein-specific, requiring an initial polysialyltransferase-ncam protein-protein interaction. previous work suggested that a polybasic region located prior to the conserved polysialyltransferase catalytic moti ... | 2011 | 22184126 |
| alkyl hydroperoxide reductase is required for helicobacter cinaedi intestinal colonization and survival under oxidative stress in balb/c and balb/c il10-/- mice. | helicobacter cinaedi, a common human intestinal bacterium, has been implicated in various enteric and systemic diseases in normal and immunocompromised patients. protection against oxidative stress is a crucial component of bacteria-host interactions. alkyl hydroperoxide reductase c (ahpc) is an enzyme responsible for detoxification of peroxides and is important in protection from peroxide-induced stress. h. cinaedi possesses a single ahpc, which was investigated with respect to its role in bact ... | 2011 | 22184416 |
| phenotypic and genotypic methods for typing campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in poultry. | human campylobacteriosis, an infection caused by the bacterium campylobacter, is a major issue in the united states food system, especially for poultry products. according to the center for disease control, campylobacterosis is estimated to affect over 2.4 million people annually. campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are 2 species responsible for the majority of campylobacterosis infections. phenotypic and genotypic typing methods are often used to discriminate between bacteria at the spe ... | 2012 | 22184452 |
| [detection of antibodies to campylobacter jejuni in pediatrics patients with gullain-barré syndrome using different antigen preparations]. | diagnosis of previous c. jejuni infections in gbs patients are mostly based on serological findings. however, there are not consensus what kind of antigen should be used in the serological assays. in our study we used elisa with four different antigen preparations for investigation of specific antibodies to c. jejuni in serum samples obtained from 6 children with gbs. in all patients the high level of iga and igg antibodies to lps were diagnosed. the antibodies in particular classes of immunoglo ... | 2011 | 22184920 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of a campylobacter jejuni clone. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay is a simple, rapid and specific detection method and has been used for detection and identification of different campylobacter species. in this study, we develop a lamp assay specific for detection of a particular clone (clone sa) of campylobacter jejuni, associated with the vast majority of recent sheep abortions in the u.s. using a set of specific primers for c. jejuni ia3902 (a clone sa isolate) and genomic dna or boiled cell extract as temp ... | 2011 | 22188995 |
| molecular evidence for zoonotic transmission of an emergent highly pathogenic campylobacter jejuni clone in the united states. | campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen. a highly virulent, tetracycline-resistant c. jejuni clone (named clone sa) has recently emerged in ruminant reservoirs and become the predominant cause of sheep abortion in the u.s. to determine whether clone sa is associated with human disease, we compared the clinical isolates of clone sa from sheep abortions with the human isolates of the pulsenet national campylobacter databases at cdc and fda using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), m ... | 2011 | 22189122 |
| bioinformatic characterization of the 4-toluene sulfonate uptake permease (tsup) family of transmembrane proteins. | the ubiquitous sequence diverse 4-toluene sulfonate uptake permease (tsup) family contains few characterized members and is believed to catalyze the transport of several sulfur-based compounds. prokaryotic members of the tsup family outnumber the eukaryotic members substantially, and in prokaryotes, but not eukaryotes, extensive lateral gene transfer occurred during family evolution. despite unequal representation, homologues from the three taxonomic domains of life share well-conserved motifs. ... | 2012 | 22192777 |
| bioinformatic characterization of the 4-toluene sulfonate uptake permease (tsup) family of transmembrane proteins. | the ubiquitous sequence diverse 4-toluene sulfonate uptake permease (tsup) family contains few characterized members and is believed to catalyze the transport of several sulfur-based compounds. prokaryotic members of the tsup family outnumber the eukaryotic members substantially, and in prokaryotes, but not eukaryotes, extensive lateral gene transfer occurred during family evolution. despite unequal representation, homologues from the three taxonomic domains of life share well-conserved motifs. ... | 2012 | 22192777 |
| cellular response of campylobacter jejuni to trisodium phosphate. | the highly alkaline compound trisodium phosphate (tsp) is used as an intervention to reduce the load of campylobacter on poultry meat in u.s. poultry slaughter plants. the aim of the present study was to investigate the cellular responses of campylobacter jejuni nctc11168 when exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of tsp. pre-exposure of c. jejuni to tsp resulted in a significant increase in heat sensitivity, suggesting that a combined heat and tsp treatment may increase reduction of c. jejuni. a ... | 2011 | 22194296 |
| helicobacter pylori relies primarily on the purine salvage pathway for purine nucleotide biosynthesis. | helicobacter pylori is a chronic colonizer of the gastric epithelium and plays a major role in the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. in its co-evolution with humans, a streamlining of the h. pylori genome has resulted in a significant reduction in metabolic pathways, one being purine nucleotide biosynthesis. bioinformatic analysis revealed that h. pylori lacks the enzymatic machinery for de novo production of inosine monophosphate (imp), the first purine nucleot ... | 2011 | 22194455 |
| bacterial phosphoproteomic analysis reveals the correlation between protein phosphorylation and bacterial pathogenicity. | increasing evidence shows that protein phosphorylation on serine, threonine and tyrosine residues is a major regulatory post-translational modification in the bacteria. this review focuses on the implications of bacterial phosphoproteome in bacterial pathogenicity and highlights recent development of methods in phosphoproteomics and the connectivity of the phosphorylation networks. recent technical developments in the high accuracy mass spectrometry have dramatically transformed proteomics and m ... | 2011 | 22196355 |
| substrate channeling in proline metabolism. | proline metabolism is an important pathway that has relevance in several cellular functions such as redox balance, apoptosis, and cell survival. results from different groups have indicated that substrate channeling of proline metabolic intermediates may be a critical mechanism. one intermediate is pyrroline-5-carboxylate (p5c), which upon hydrolysis opens to glutamic semialdehyde (gsa). recent structural and kinetic evidence indicate substrate channeling of p5c/gsa occurs in the proline catabol ... | 2012 | 22201749 |
| the signaling pathway of campylobacter jejuni-induced cdc42 activation: role of fibronectin, integrin beta1, tyrosine kinases and guanine exchange factor vav2. | abstract: background: host cell invasion by the foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni is considered as one of the primary reasons of gut tissue damage, however, mechanisms and key factors involved in this process are widely unclear. it was reported that small rho gtpases, including cdc42, are activated and play a role during invasion, but the involved signaling cascades remained unknown. here we utilised knockout cell lines derived from fibronectin-/-, integrin-beta1-/-, focal adhesion kinase ... | 2011 | 22204307 |
| the immunological response to parenteral vaccination with recombinant hbsag virus-like particles expressing helicobacter pylori kata epitopes in a murine h. pylori challenge model. | virus-like particles (vlp) based on the small envelope protein of hepatitis b virus (hbsag-s) are immunogenic at the b and t cell level. in this study we inserted overlapping sequences from the carboxy terminus of the helicobacter pylori kata gene into hbsag-s. the hbsag-s-kata fusion proteins were able to assemble into secretion-competent vlps (vlp-kata). the vlp-kata proteins were able to induce kata specific antibodies in immunised mice. the mean total igg antibody titres 41 days post primary ... | 2011 | 22205658 |
| two cases of scrub typhus presenting with guillain-barré syndrome with respiratory failure. | 2011 | 22205852 | |
| fate and survival of campylobacter coli in swine manure at various temperatures. | campylobacter coli is the most common campylobacter species found in pig (95%), but the ability of this bacterium to survive in swine manure as well as the potential for causing human illness are poorly understood. we present here laboratory-scale experiments to investigate the effect of temperature on the survival of c. coli in spiked swine manure samples at temperatures from 4 to 52°c. the survival of c. coli during storage for 30 days was studied by three different methods: bacterial culture ... | 2011 | 22207868 |
| occurrence of the invasion associated marker (iam) in campylobacter jejuni isolated from cattle. | abstract: background: the invasion associated marker (iam) has been detected in the majority of invasive campylobacter jejuni retrieved from humans. furthermore, the detection of iam in c. jejuni isolated from two important hosts, humans and chickens, suggested a role for this marker in c. jejuni's colonization of multiple hosts. however, no data exist regarding the occurrence of this marker in c. jejuni isolated from non-poultry food-animals such as cattle, an increasingly important source for ... | 2011 | 22208406 |
| Improvement of Modified Charcoal-Cefoperazone-Deoxycholate Agar by Supplementation with a High Concentration of Polymyxin B for the Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in Chicken Carcass Rinse. | Modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) was improved by supplementation with a high concentration of polymyxin B. The ability of the supplemented medium to isolate Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli from chicken carcass rinse was compared to that of Campy-Cefex agar and mCCDA. Modification of mCCDA with increased polymyxin B yielded significantly (p < 0.05) better isolation rate and selectivity than those achieved on using Campy-Cefex agar and mCCDA. | 2011 | 22210208 |
| energy complexes are apparently associated with the switch-motor complex of bacterial flagella. | recently, the switch-motor complex of bacterial flagella was found to be associated with a number of non-flagellar proteins, which, in spite of not being known as belonging to the chemotaxis system, affect the function of the flagella. the observation that one of these proteins, fumarate reductase, is essentially involved in electron transport under anaerobic conditions raised the question of whether other energy-linked enzymes are associated with the switch-motor complex as well. here, we ident ... | 2011 | 22210351 |
| energy complexes are apparently associated with the switch-motor complex of bacterial flagella. | recently, the switch-motor complex of bacterial flagella was found to be associated with a number of non-flagellar proteins, which, in spite of not being known as belonging to the chemotaxis system, affect the function of the flagella. the observation that one of these proteins, fumarate reductase, is essentially involved in electron transport under anaerobic conditions raised the question of whether other energy-linked enzymes are associated with the switch-motor complex as well. here, we ident ... | 2011 | 22210351 |
| pan-european monitoring of susceptibility to human-use antimicrobial agents in enteric bacteria isolated from healthy food-producing animals. | objectives: to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of escherichia coli, salmonella, campylobacter and enterococcus from cattle, pigs and chickens across the european union (eu) using uniform methodology. methods: intestinal samples (1624) were taken at slaughter across five eu countries. bacteria were isolated in national laboratories, whilst mics were determined in a central laboratory for key antimicrobials used in human medicine. clinical resistance was based on clsi breakpoints and de ... | 2011 | 22210758 |
| leukocyte inflammatory responses provoked by pneumococcal sialidase. | cell surface expression of sialic acid has been reported to decrease during immune cell activation, but the significance and regulation of this phenomenon are still being investigated. the major human bacterial pathogen streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis, often accompanied by strong inflammatory responses. s. pneumoniae expresses a sialidase (nana) that contributes to mucosal colonization, platelet clearance, and blood-brain barrier penetration. using wild-type and ... | 2012 | 22215570 |
| helicobacter pylori versus the host: remodeling of the bacterial outer membrane is required for survival in the gastric mucosa. | modification of bacterial surface structures, such as the lipid a portion of lipopolysaccharide (lps), is used by many pathogenic bacteria to help evade the host innate immune response. helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium capable of chronic colonization of the human stomach, modifies its lipid a by removal of phosphate groups from the 1- and 4'-positions of the lipid a backbone. in this study, we identify the enzyme responsible for dephosphorylation of the lipid a 4'-phosphate group i ... | 2011 | 22216004 |
| identification of surprisingly diverse type iv pili, across a broad range of gram-positive bacteria. | in gram-negative bacteria, type iv pili (tfp) have long been known to play important roles in such diverse biological phenomena as surface adhesion, motility, and dna transfer, with significant consequences for pathogenicity. more recently it became apparent that gram-positive bacteria also express type iv pili; however, little is known about the diversity and abundance of these structures in gram-positives. computational tools for automated identification of type iv pilins are not currently ava ... | 2011 | 22216142 |
| individuals with le(a+b-) blood group have increased susceptibility to symptomatic vibrio cholerae o1 infection. | human genetic factors such as blood group antigens may affect the severity of infectious diseases. presence of specific abo and lewis blood group antigens has been shown previously to be associated with the risk of different enteric infections. the aim of this study was to determine the relationship of the lewis blood group antigens with susceptibility to cholera, as well as severity of disease and immune responses to infection. | 2011 | 22216364 |
| gq1b-seronegative fisher syndrome: clinical features and new serological markers. | igg anti-gq1b antibodies are a powerful serological marker for the diagnosis of fisher syndrome (fs), but little is known regarding serological markers in fs patients that do not have the autoantibodies. the authors analyzed igg antibodies against gangliosides other than gq1b, ganglioside complexes, and ganglioside-like lipo-oligosaccharide (los) of campylobacter jejuni isolates from fs patients. we identified 24 (12%) patients with gq1b-seronegative fs among 207 fs patients who had been referre ... | 2012 | 22218648 |
| investigation of chemical rinses suitable for very small meat plants to reduce pathogens on beef surfaces. | numerous antimicrobial interventions are capable of reducing the prevalence of harmful bacteria on raw meat products. there is a need to identify effective and inexpensive antimicrobial interventions that could, in practice, be used in very small meat plants because of limited financial, space, and labor resources. eight antimicrobial compounds (acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, peroxyacetic acid, acidified sodium chlorite, chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, and aqueous ozone) were app ... | 2012 | 22221350 |
| treatment of raw poultry with nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma to reduce campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica. | nonthermal plasma has been shown to be effective in reducing pathogens on the surface of a range of fresh produce products. the research presented here investigated the effectiveness of nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma on salmonella enterica and campylobacter jejuni inoculated onto the surface of boneless skinless chicken breast and chicken thigh with skin. chicken samples were inoculated with antibiotic-resistant strains of s. enterica and c. jejuni at levels of 10(1) to 10(4) cf ... | 2012 | 22221351 |
| campylobacter, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, verotoxigenic escherichia coli, and escherichia coli prevalence, enumeration, and subtypes on retail chicken breasts with and without skin. | this study examined the prevalence, counts, and subtypes of campylobacter, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec), and e. coli on raw retail chicken breast with the skin on versus the skin off. from january to december 2007, 187 raw skin-on chicken breasts and 131 skin-off chicken breasts were collected from randomly selected retail grocery stores in the region of waterloo, ontario, canada. campylobacter isolates were recovered from a higher proportion of the s ... | 2012 | 22221353 |
| human isolates of cronobacter sakazakii bind efficiently to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro to induce monolayer permeability and apoptosis. | cronobacter sakazakii (cs) is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in infants. this pathogen has been implicated in the outbreaks of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) with associated rates of high mortality and morbidity. in this study, we compared the abilities of cs strains isolated from human and environmental sources to bind to intestinal epithelial cells and trigger apoptosis. | 2011 | 22221600 |
| human isolates of cronobacter sakazakii bind efficiently to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro to induce monolayer permeability and apoptosis. | cronobacter sakazakii (cs) is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in infants. this pathogen has been implicated in the outbreaks of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) with associated rates of high mortality and morbidity. in this study, we compared the abilities of cs strains isolated from human and environmental sources to bind to intestinal epithelial cells and trigger apoptosis. | 2011 | 22221600 |
| infant rat infection modifies phenotypic properties of an invasive nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | enhancing the virulence trait of a specific bacterium in an animal model is often performed prior to the use of the strain for ex vivo human studies, such as reactivity with complement and antibody, or with phagocytic cells. for example, in streptococcus pneumoniae mouse passage is used to enhance capsule production. while investigating an unusual serum-resistant unencapsulated haemophilus influenzae (r2866), we found that animal passage yielded an isolate (r3392) which had decreased resistance ... | 2011 | 22222846 |
| infant rat infection modifies phenotypic properties of an invasive nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | enhancing the virulence trait of a specific bacterium in an animal model is often performed prior to the use of the strain for ex vivo human studies, such as reactivity with complement and antibody, or with phagocytic cells. for example, in streptococcus pneumoniae mouse passage is used to enhance capsule production. while investigating an unusual serum-resistant unencapsulated haemophilus influenzae (r2866), we found that animal passage yielded an isolate (r3392) which had decreased resistance ... | 2011 | 22222846 |
| brucellosis, presenting with guillain-barré syndrome. | brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by gram-negative bacteria of the genus brucella. involvement of the gastrointestinal, hepatobilliary, and skeletal systems has been reported frequently in the literature. involvement of the nervous system is relatively uncommon and has been reported in only 3%-25% of cases of generalized brucellosis. guillain-barré syndrome is a prototypical postinfectious autoimmune disease. we report a case of guillain-barré syndrome in a 26-year-old woman as an unco ... | 2011 | 22224005 |
| chest neoplasms with infectious etiologies. | a wide spectrum of thoracic tumors have known or suspected viral etiologies. oncogenic viruses can be classified by the type of genomic material they contain. neoplastic conditions found to have viral etiologies include post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, lymphoid granulomatosis, kaposi's sarcoma, castleman's disease, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma, leukemia and lymphomas. viruses involved in these conditions include epstein-barr virus, human h ... | 2011 | 22224176 |
| siglecs and immune regulation. | sialic acid-binding ig-like lectins, or siglecs, vary in their specificity for sialic acid-containing ligands and are mainly expressed by cells of the immune system. many siglecs are inhibitory receptors expressed in innate immune cells that regulate inflammation mediated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (damps and pamps). this family also includes molecules involved in adhesion and phagocytosis and receptors that can associate with the itam-containing dap12 adapto ... | 2012 | 22224769 |
| evaluation of novel agars for the enumeration of campylobacter spp. in poultry retail samples. | the purpose of this study was to examine the performance of novel agars for the identification and enumeration of campylobacter species. the analytical sensitivity and specificity of campylobacter selective agar (casa), brilliance campycount agar (bcca) and campyfoodidagar (cfa) for 84 campylobacter spp. isolates and 50 non-campylobacter spp. isolates from 37 distinct genera were of 100% sensitivity, with a 98% specificity for bcca and cfa, and a 100% specificity for casa. the application of the ... | 2011 | 22226753 |
| analysis of risk factors associated with antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli. | antimicrobial-resistant bacteria represent a major threat to human and animal health. we compared equine fecal samples (n=264) from 138 horses from hospital and nonhospital (livery stable and riding school) premises in north west england to determine the prevalence of escherichia coli, salmonella, and campylobacter and rates of antimicrobial-resistant e. coli strains. campylobacter jejuni was detected only in hospitalized horses (1.1%), and no salmonella was identified. data analysis of the hors ... | 2012 | 22229818 |
| risk and prognosis of campylobacteriosis in relation to polymorphisms of host inflammatory cytokine genes. | the risk of infection with campylobacter jejuni/coli as well as complications may be related to host genetics. we assessed six single-nucleotide polymorphisms in inflammatory cytokine genes in 105 patients with campylobacter jejuni/coli gastroenteritis. the population distribution of the genes was determined in healthy subjects. the patients responded to mailed questionnaires with regard to reactive arthritis (ra) and irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) in six months follow-up. the genotype infg(+ 87 ... | 2012 | 22229864 |
| biology and pathogenesis of acanthamoeba. | acanthamoeba is a free-living protist pathogen, capable of causing a blinding keratitis and fatal granulomatous encephalitis. the factors that contribute to acanthamoeba infections include parasite biology, genetic diversity, environmental spread and host susceptibility, and are highlighted together with potential therapeutic and preventative measures. the use of acanthamoeba in the study of cellular differentiation mechanisms, motility and phagocytosis, bacterial pathogenesis and evolutionary p ... | 2012 | 22229971 |
| functional and genetic characterization of the tap efflux pump in mycobacterium bovis bcg. | efflux pumps extrude a wide variety of chemically unrelated compounds conferring multidrug resistance and participating in numerous physiological processes. mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses many efflux pumps, and their roles in drug resistance and physiology are actively investigated. in this work we found that tap mutant cells showed changes in morphology and a progressive loss of viability upon subcultivation in liquid medium. transcriptome analysis in mycobacterium bovis bcg revealed that ... | 2012 | 22232275 |
| update on celiac disease - etiology, differential diagnosis, drug targets, and management advances. | celiac disease (cd) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to wheat gluten and similar proteins found in rye and barley that affects genetically susceptible persons. this immune-mediated enteropathy is characterized by villous atrophy, intraepithelial lymphocytosis, and crypt hyperplasia. once thought a disease that largely presented with malnourished children, the wide spectrum of disease activity is now better recognized and this has resulted in a shift in the presenting sympt ... | 2011 | 22235174 |
| recombinant probiotic expressing listeria adhesion protein attenuates listeria monocytogenes virulence in vitro. | listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular foodborne pathogen, infects immunocompromised hosts. the primary route of transmission is through contaminated food. in the gastrointestinal tract, it traverses the epithelial barrier through intracellular or paracellular routes. strategies to prevent l. monocytogenes entry can potentially minimize infection in high-risk populations. listeria adhesion protein (lap) aids l. monocytogenes in crossing epithelial barriers via the paracellular route. the use o ... | 2012 | 22235279 |
| first comprehensive evaluation of the m.i.c. evaluator device compared to etest and clsi reference dilution methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical strains of anaerobes and other fastidious bacterial species. | the new m.i.c. evaluator strip uses test methodology and the recording of results that are similar to those of etest. for this first assessment, 102 clinical strains of anaerobic bacteria from 12 genera and 155 strains from 7 genera and 8 species of fastidious bacteria were tested by m.i.c. evaluator, etest, and agar dilution or broth microdilution as a reference standard. ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, imipenem, levofloxacin, metronida ... | 2012 | 22238439 |
| multilocus sequence typing of total-genome-sequenced bacteria. | accurate strain identification is essential for anyone working with bacteria. for many species, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) is considered the "gold standard" of typing, but it is traditionally performed in an expensive and time-consuming manner. as the costs of whole-genome sequencing (wgs) continue to decline, it becomes increasingly available to scientists and routine diagnostic laboratories. currently, the cost is below that of traditional mlst. the new challenges will be how to extract ... | 2012 | 22238442 |
| retention of campylobacter (campylobacterales: campylobacteraceae) in the house fly (diptera: muscidae). | the house fly (musca domestica l.) may transmit campylobacter to broiler flocks. we assessed the retention time of house flies for campylobacter jejuni at five temperatures and three doses. flies were inoculated individually at their proboscis with 1.6 x 10(7) cfu (colony forming units) of c. jejuni and incubated at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees c. furthermore, a dose experiment was conducted at 25 degrees c where individual flies were inoculated in three series: 6.5 x 10(6), 6.0 x 10(4), and 8 ... | 2011 | 22238880 |
| characterization of outer membrane vesicles from brucella melitensis and protection induced in mice. | the outer membrane vesicles (omvs) from smooth b. melitensis 16 m and a derived rough mutant, vtrm1 strain, were purified and characterized with respect to protein content and induction of immune responses in mice. proteomic analysis showed 29 proteins present in omvs from b. melitensis 16 m; some of them are well-known brucella immunogens such as sod, groes, omp31, omp25, omp19, bp26, and omp16. omvs from a rough vtrm1 induced significantly higher expression of il-12, tnfα, and ifnγ genes in bo ... | 2011 | 22242036 |
| characterization of outer membrane vesicles from brucella melitensis and protection induced in mice. | the outer membrane vesicles (omvs) from smooth b. melitensis 16 m and a derived rough mutant, vtrm1 strain, were purified and characterized with respect to protein content and induction of immune responses in mice. proteomic analysis showed 29 proteins present in omvs from b. melitensis 16 m; some of them are well-known brucella immunogens such as sod, groes, omp31, omp25, omp19, bp26, and omp16. omvs from a rough vtrm1 induced significantly higher expression of il-12, tnfα, and ifnγ genes in bo ... | 2011 | 22242036 |
| crystal structure of jlpa, a surface-exposed lipoprotein adhesin of campylobacter jejuni. | the campylobacter jejuni jlpa protein is a surface-exposed lipoprotein that was discovered as an adhesin promoting interaction with host epithelium cells, an early critical step in the pathogenesis of c. jejuni disease. increasing evidence ascertained that jlpa is antigenic, indicating a role of jlpa in immune response during the infectious process. here, we report the crystal structure of jlpa at 2.7å resolution, revealing a catcher's mitt shaped unclosed half β-barrel. although the apparent ar ... | 2012 | 22245776 |
| electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry in proteomics. | mass spectrometry has rapidly evolved to become the platform of choice for proteomic analysis. while cid remains the major fragmentation method for peptide sequencing, electron transfer dissociation (etd) is emerging as a complementary method for the characterization of peptides and post-translational modifications (ptms). here, we review the evolution of etd and some of its newer applications including characterization of ptms, non-tryptic peptides and intact proteins. we will also discuss some ... | 2012 | 22246976 |
| occurrence and persistence of bacterial pathogens and indicator organisms in beach sand along the california coast. | this report documents the presence of fecal indicators and bacterial pathogens in sand at 53 california marine beaches using both culture-dependent and -independent (pcr and quantitative pcr [qpcr]) methods. fecal indicator bacteria were widespread in california beach sand, with escherichia coli and enterococci detected at 68% and 94% of the beaches surveyed, respectively. somatic coliphages and a bacteroidales human-specific fecal marker were detected at 43% and 13% of the beaches, respectively ... | 2012 | 22247142 |
| o-antigen and core carbohydrate of vibrio fischeri lipopolysaccharide: composition and analysis of their role in euprymna scolopes light organ colonization. | vibrio fischeri exists in a symbiotic relationship with the hawaiian bobtail squid, euprymna scolopes, where the squid provides a home for the bacteria, and the bacteria in turn provide camouflage that helps protect the squid from night-time predators. like other gram-negative organisms, v. fischeri expresses lipopolysaccharide (lps) on its cell surface. the structure of the o-antigen and the core components of the lps and their possible role in colonization of the squid have not previously been ... | 2012 | 22247546 |
| membrane-tethered muc1 mucin is phosphorylated by epidermal growth factor receptor in airway epithelial cells and associates with tlr5 to inhibit recruitment of myd88. | muc1 is a membrane-tethered mucin glycoprotein expressed on the apical surface of mucosal epithelial cells. previous in vivo and in vitro studies established that muc1 counterregulates airway inflammation by suppressing tlr signaling. in this article, we elucidate the mechanism by which muc1 inhibits tlr5 signaling. overexpression of muc1 in hek293 cells dramatically reduced pseudomonas aeruginosa-stimulated il-8 expression and decreased the activation of nf-κb and mapk compared with cells not e ... | 2012 | 22250084 |
| elucidation of colonization time and prevalence of thermophilic campylobacter species during turkey rearing using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | two turkey flocks (male and female) and the environment of their house were investigated for the presence of thermophilic campylobacter. sample dna was extracted directly from fecal material and environmental samples. bacterial identification was done using a modified campylobacter species specific multiplex pcr. the times needed for colonization and prevalence in male and female turkeys were determined independently. all environmental samples collected before restocking were negative in the pcr ... | 2012 | 22252360 |
| identification of gene networks and pathways associated with guillain-barré syndrome. | the underlying change of gene network expression of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) remains elusive. we sought to identify gbs-associated gene networks and signaling pathways by analyzing the transcriptional profile of leukocytes in the patients with gbs. | 2012 | 22253732 |
| detection and quantification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli using real-time multiplex pcr. | aims: we describe a real-time multiplex pcr (qmpcr) assay to identify and discriminate between isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. methods and results: two novel sets of primers and hydrolysis probes were designed to amplify the unique dna sequences within the hipo, ccon and cadf genes that are specific to c. jejuni and c. coli. by using the designed optimized qmpcr assay conditions, the amplification efficiency is in range from 108 to 116%. these qmpcr assays are highly s ... | 2012 | 22256961 |
| molecular detection of campylobacter jejuni as a cause of culture-negative spondylodiscitis. | spondylodiscitis caused by campylobacter species is a rare disease which is most often caused by campylobacter fetus. we report a case of culture-negative spondylodiscitis and a psoas abscess due to campylobacter jejuni in a 68-year-old woman, as revealed by 16s rrna gene and campylobacter-specific pcrs from biopsied tissue. | 2012 | 22259199 |
| use of amplified-fragment length polymorphism to study the ecology of campylobacter jejuni in environmental water and to predict multi-locus sequence typing clonal complexes. | we determined the genetic variability among water isolates of campylobacter jejuni using aflp and mlst. across a highly diverse collection of isolates, aflp clusters did not correlate with mlst clonal complexes, suggesting that alfp is not reliable for deciphering population genetic relationships and may be problematic for larger epidemiologic analyses. | 2012 | 22267674 |
| antagonistic activity of lactobacillus acidophilus atcc 4356 on the growth and adhesion/invasion characteristics of human campylobacter jejuni. | the aim of this research was to determine the potential probiotic activity of lactobacillus acidophilus atcc 4356 against several human campylobacter jejuni isolates. the ability to inhibit the pathogen's growth was evaluated by co-culture experiments as well as by antimicrobial assays with cell-free culture supernatant (cfcs), while interference with adhesion/invasion to intestinal caco-2 cells was studied by exclusion, competition, and displacement tests. in the co-culture experiments l. acido ... | 2012 | 22271268 |
| antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter spp. isolated from ontario sheep flocks and associations between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. | the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (amr) in faecal campylobacter spp. from lambs and adult sheep and associations between antimicrobial use (amu) and amr. a total of 275 faecal samples collected during initial and final visits from 51 sheep flocks, including one feedlot, across southern ontario were tested for the presence of campylobacter spp. campylobacter jejuni was detected in 52% (143/275) of the faecal samples, campylobacter coli in 7% ... | 2012 | 22273455 |
| exploiting the campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation system for glycoengineering vaccines and diagnostic tools directed against brucellosis. | immune responses directed towards surface polysaccharides conjugated to proteins are effective in preventing colonization and infection of bacterial pathogens. presently, the production of these conjugate vaccines requires intricate synthetic chemistry for obtaining, activating, and attaching the polysaccharides to protein carriers. glycoproteins generated by engineering bacterial glycosylation machineries have been proposed to be a viable alternative to traditional conjugation methods. | 2012 | 22276812 |
| the occurrence of chlamydia spp. in pigs with and without clinical disease. | within the genera chlamydia, the development of refined diagnostic techniques has allowed the identification of four species that are capable of infecting pigs. the epidemiology, clinical, and zoonotic impacts of these species are however largely unknown. the study aimed to investigate the presence of chlamydia spp. in the intestines of growing pigs and in conjunctival swabs from finisher pigs, and relate the findings to clinical signs. | 2012 | 22280482 |
| the genome and proteome of a campylobacter coli bacteriophage vb_ccom-ibb_35 reveal unusual features. | campylobacter is the leading cause of foodborne diseases worldwide. bacteriophages (phages) are naturally occurring predators of bacteria, ubiquitous in the environment, with high host specificity and thus considered an appealing option to control bacterial pathogens. nevertheless for an effective use of phages as antimicrobial agents, it is important to understand phage biology which renders crucial the analysis of phage genomes and proteomes. the lack of sequence data from campylobacter phages ... | 2012 | 22284308 |
| guillain-barré syndrome associated with acute hepatitis e infection. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is a neurological emergency that warrants prompt diagnosis and treatment. occasionally, the clinical, laboratory and electrophysiological features are neither typical nor diagnostic. it requires a high index of suspicion and clinical judgement for early diagnosis and commencement of treatment in those scenarios. some pathogens are potential triggers of this serious neurological disease, including: campylobacter jejuni, mycoplasma pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus. alth ... | 2012 | 22285113 |
| prevalence, antibiotic resistance and rapd typing of campylobacter species isolated from ducks, their rearing and processing environments in penang, malaysia. | we report for the first time on the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and rapd types of campylobacter species in ducks and duck related environmental samples in malaysia. samples were examined by enrichment in bolton broth followed by plating onto modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mccda) and/or plating directly onto mccda. a total of 643 samples were screened, and the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in samples from different sources ranged from 0% to 85%. the method of isolation ... | 2012 | 22285201 |
| functional cloning and characterization of antibiotic resistance genes from the chicken gut microbiome. | culture-independent sampling in conjunction with a functional cloning approach identified diverse antibiotic resistance genes for different classes of antibiotics in gut microbiomes from both conventionally raised and free-range chickens. many of the genes are phylogenetically distant from known resistance genes. two unique genes that conferred ampicillin and spectinomycin resistance were also functional in campylobacter, a distant relative of the escherichia coli host used to generate the genom ... | 2012 | 22286984 |
| transcriptional and posttranscriptional events control copper-responsive expression of a rhodobacter capsulatus multicopper oxidase. | the copper-regulated rhodobacter capsulatus cuto (multicopper oxidase) gene confers copper tolerance and is carried in the tricistronic orf635-cuto-cutr operon. transcription of cuto strictly depends on the promoter upstream of orf635, as demonstrated by lacz reporter fusions to nested promoter fragments. remarkably, orf635 expression was not affected by copper availability, whereas cuto and cutr were expressed only in the presence of copper. differential regulation was abolished by site-directe ... | 2012 | 22287514 |
| siglecs as sensors of self in innate and adaptive immune responses. | siglecs are expressed on most white blood cells of the immune system and are known to modulate the activity of cell signaling receptors via regulatory motifs in their cytoplasmic domains. this immunoglobulin subfamily of coreceptors recognize sialic acid containing glycans as ligands, which are found on glycoproteins and glycolipids of all mammalian cells. by virtue of their ability to recognize this common structural element, siglecs are increasingly recognized for their ability to help immune ... | 2012 | 22288608 |
| conserved signal peptide recognition systems across the prokaryotic domains. | the twin-arginine translocation (tat) pathway is a protein targeting system found in bacteria, archaea, and chloroplasts. proteins are directed to the tat translocase by n-terminal signal peptides containing srrxflk "twin-arginine" amino acid motifs. the key feature of the tat system is its ability to transport fully folded proteins across ionically sealed membranes. for this reason the tat pathway has evolved for the assembly of extracytoplasmic redox enzymes that must bind cofactors, and so fo ... | 2012 | 22289056 |
| imaging the glycome in living systems. | the glycome, the full complement of glycans that cells produce, is an attractive target for molecular imaging. imaging of the glycome in living systems has recently been enabled via bioorthogonal chemical reporter-based approaches. in this chapter, we describe two approaches to introduce bioorthogonal chemical reporters (tags) onto cell surface fucosylated glycans and glycans bearing lacnac disaccharides, respectively. the tagged glycans can then be conjugated to imaging probes via bioorthogonal ... | 2012 | 22289465 |
| novel functions for glycosyltransferases jhp0562 and galt in lewis antigen synthesis and variation in helicobacter pylori. | lewis (le) antigens are fucosylated oligosaccharides present in the helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. expression of these antigens is believed to be important for h. pylori colonization, since le antigens also are expressed on the gastric epithelia in humans. a galactosyltransferase encoded by β-(1,3)galt is essential for production of type 1 (le(a) and le(b)) antigens. the upstream gene jhp0562, which is present in many but not all h. pylori strains, is homologous to β-(1,3)galt but is of ... | 2012 | 22290141 |
| unique iron coordination in iron-chelating molecule vibriobactin helps vibrio cholerae evade mammalian siderocalin-mediated immune response. | iron is essential for the survival of almost all bacteria. vibrio cholerae acquires iron through the secretion of a catecholate siderophore called vibriobactin. at present, how vibriobactin chelates ferric ion remains controversial. in addition, the mechanisms underlying the recognition of ferric vibriobactin by the siderophore transport system and its delivery into the cytoplasm specifically have not been clarified. in this study, we report the high-resolution structures of the ferric vibriobac ... | 2012 | 22291019 |
| essential oils in food preservation: mode of action, synergies, and interactions with food matrix components. | essential oils are aromatic and volatile liquids extracted from plants. the chemicals in essential oils are secondary metabolites, which play an important role in plant defense as they often possess antimicrobial properties. the interest in essential oils and their application in food preservation has been amplified in recent years by an increasingly negative consumer perception of synthetic preservatives. furthermore, food-borne diseases are a growing public health problem worldwide, calling fo ... | 2012 | 22291693 |
| whole genome sequences of three treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue strains: yaws and syphilis treponemes differ in less than 0.2% of the genome sequence. | the yaws treponemes, treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue (tpe) strains, are closely related to syphilis causing strains of treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum (tpa). both yaws and syphilis are distinguished on the basis of epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms, and several genetic signatures of the corresponding causative agents. | 2012 | 22292095 |
| development and comparison of a real-time pcr assay for detection of dichelobacter nodosus with culturing and conventional pcr: harmonisation between three laboratories. | ovine footrot is a contagious disease with worldwide occurrence in sheep. the main causative agent is the fastidious bacterium dichelobacter nodosus. in scandinavia, footrot was first diagnosed in sweden in 2004 and later also in norway and denmark. clinical examination of sheep feet is fundamental to diagnosis of footrot, but d. nodosus should also be detected to confirm the diagnosis. pcr-based detection using conventional pcr has been used at our institutes, but the method was laborious and t ... | 2012 | 22293440 |
| environmental pathways to autoimmune diseases: the cases of primary biliary cirrhosis and multiple sclerosis. | the pathways leading to autoimmunity remain enigmatic despite numerous lines of experimental inquiry and epidemiological evidence. the mechanisms leading to the initiation and perpetuation of specific diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) or multiple sclerosis (ms) remain largely enigmatic, although it is established that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental stimulation is required. the growing number of genome-wide association studies and the largely incomplete c ... | 2011 | 22295019 |
| mathematical modeling and comparison of protein size distribution in different plant, animal, fungal and microbial species reveals a negative correlation between protein size and protein number, thus providing insight into the evolution of proteomes. | the sizes of proteins are relevant to their biochemical structure and for their biological function. the statistical distribution of protein lengths across a diverse set of taxa can provide hints about the evolution of proteomes. | 2012 | 22296664 |
| lipooligosaccharide locus classes are associated with certain campylobacter jejuni multilocus sequence types. | the lipooligosaccharide (los) locus class was determined using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 335 finnish campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans, poultry and bovines with known multilocus sequence types. the results revealed an association between clonal complexes/sequence types (sts) and los locus classes. based on these results, we further predicted the los locus classes distribution among the sts of 209 additional c. jejuni strains from finnish human domestically acquired infec ... | 2012 | 22298242 |
| a review of antibiotic use in food animals: perspective, policy, and potential. | antibiotic use plays a major role in the emerging public health crisis of antibiotic resistance. although the majority of antibiotic use occurs in agricultural settings, relatively little attention has been paid to how antibiotic use in farm animals contributes to the overall problem of antibiotic resistance. the aim of this review is to summarize literature on the role of antibiotics in the development of resistance and its risk to human health. we searched multiple databases to identify major ... | 2012 | 22298919 |
| antibiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. | irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 10-20%. ibs can be associated with severe gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel function. although the causes of ibs remain undefined, recent research has increasingly suggested roles for gut flora in ibs. these roles involve postinfectious ibs, which can occur after a single episode of acute gastroenteritis, and small intestinal bac ... | 2011 | 22298980 |