Publications

synthetic protein scaffolds based on peptide motifs and cognate adaptor domains for improving metabolic productivity.	the efficiency of many cellular processes relies on the defined interaction among different proteins within the same metabolic or signaling pathway. consequently, a spatial colocalization of functionally interacting proteins has frequently emerged during evolution. this concept has been adapted within the synthetic biology community for the purpose of creating artificial scaffolds. a recent advancement of this concept is the use of peptide motifs and their cognate adaptor domains. sh2, sh3, gbd, ...	2015	26636078
the extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli factor rqli constrains the genotoxic effects of the recq-like helicase rqlh.	extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli colonize the human gut and can spread to other body sites to induce diseases such as urinary tract infections, sepsis, and meningitis. a complete understanding of the infection process is hindered by both the inherent genetic diversity of e. coli and the large number of unstudied genes. here, we focus on the uncharacterized gene rqli, which our lab recently uncovered in a tn-seq screen for bacterial genes required within a zebrafish model of infection. ...	2015	26636713
cytoplasmic copz-like protein and periplasmic rusticyanin and acop proteins as possible copper resistance determinants in acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans atcc 23270.	acidophilic organisms, such as acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, possess high-level resistance to copper and other metals. a. ferrooxidans contains canonical copper resistance determinants present in other bacteria, such as copa atpases and rnd efflux pumps, but these components do not entirely explain its high metal tolerance. the aim of this study was to find other possible copper resistance determinants in this bacterium. transcriptional expression of a. ferrooxidans genes coding for a cytoplas ...	2016	26637599
involvement of agrobacterium tumefaciens galacturonate tripartite atp-independent periplasmic (trap) transporter gaapqm in virulence gene expression.	monosaccharides capable of serving as nutrients for the soil bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens are also inducers of the vir regulon present in the tumor-inducing (ti) plasmid of this plant pathogen. one such monosaccharide is galacturonate, the predominant monomer of pectin found in plant cell walls. this ligand is recognized by the periplasmic sugar binding protein chve, which interacts with the vira histidine kinase that controls vir gene expression. although chve is also a member of the chv ...	2016	26637603
the pathogenicity factor hrpf interacts with hrpa and hrpg to modulate type iii secretion system (t3ss) function and t3ss expression in pseudomonas syringae pv. averrhoi.	to ensure the optimal infectivity on contact with host cells, pathogenic pseudomonas syringae has evolved a complex mechanism to control the expression and construction of the functional type iii secretion system (t3ss) that serves as a dominant pathogenicity factor. in this study, we showed that the hrpf gene of p. syringae pv. averrhoi, which is located upstream of hrpg, encodes a t3ss-dependent secreted/translocated protein. mutation of hrpf leads to the loss of bacterial ability on elicitati ...	2016	26638129
[pathogenic miko,- and microflora of fraxinus excelsior in podolya ukraine].	the article summarizes our research results of pathogenic myco- and microflora, as well as harmful entomofauna on european ash. it is shown that the most common and harmful diseaseis tuberculosis (its causal agent--bacteria pseudomonas syringae pv.savastanoi (smith 1908), which affects trunks, branches, twigs and buds of european ash. it describes a number of pathogens and representatives mikofitozov malicious entomofauna that by virtue of its activities significantly weaken the growth, developm ...	2015	26638486
classification and taxonomy of vegetable macergens.	macergens are bacteria capable of releasing pectic enzymes (pectolytic bacteria). these enzymatic actions result in the separation of plant tissues leading to total plant destruction. this can be attributed to soft rot diseases in vegetables. these macergens primarily belong to the genus erwinia and to a range of opportunistic pathogens namely: the xanthomonas spp., pseudomonas spp., clostridium spp., cytophaga spp., and bacillus spp. they consist of taxa that displayed considerable heterogeneit ...	2015	26640465
genomic tools in pea breeding programs: status and perspectives.	pea (pisum sativum l.) is an annual cool-season legume and one of the oldest domesticated crops. dry pea seeds contain 22-25% protein, complex starch and fiber constituents, and a rich array of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals which make them a valuable source for human consumption and livestock feed. dry pea ranks third to common bean and chickpea as the most widely grown pulse in the world with more than 11 million tons produced in 2013. pea breeding has achieved great success since the ...	2015	26640470
structural insight into how bacteria prevent interference between multiple divergent type iv secretion systems.	prokaryotes use type iv secretion systems (t4sss) to translocate substrates (e.g., nucleoprotein, dna, and protein) and/or elaborate surface structures (i.e., pili or adhesins). bacterial genomes may encode multiple t4sss, e.g., there are three functionally divergent t4sss in some bartonella species (vir, vbh, and trw). in a unique case, most rickettsial species encode a t4ss (rvh) enriched with gene duplication. within single genomes, the evolutionary and functional implications of cross-system ...	2015	26646013
microrna expression profile during aphid feeding in chrysanthemum (chrysanthemum morifolium).	micrornas (mirnas) are important regulators of gene expression, affecting many biological processes. as yet, their roles in the response of chrysanthemum to aphid feeding have not been explored. here, the identity and abundance of mirnas induced by aphid infestation have been obtained using high-throughput illumina sequencing platform. three leaf small rna libraries were generated, one from plants infested with the aphid macrosiphoniella sanbourni (library a), one from plants with mock puncture ...	2015	26650759
novel components of leaf bacterial communities of field-grown tomato plants and their potential for plant growth promotion and biocontrol of tomato diseases.	this work aimed to characterize potentially endophytic culturable bacteria from leaves of cultivated tomato and analyze their potential for growth promotion and biocontrol of diseases caused by botrytis cinerea and pseudomonas syringae. bacteria were obtained from inner tissues of surface-disinfected tomato leaves of field-grown plants. analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences identified bacterial isolates related to exiguobacterium aurantiacum (isolates bt3 and mt8), exiguobacterium spp. (isolate gt ...	2016	26654914
diguanylate cyclases adra and stm1987 regulate salmonella enterica exopolysaccharide production during plant colonization in an environment-dependent manner.	increasing evidence indicates that despite exposure to harsh environmental stresses, salmonella enterica successfully persists on plants, utilizing fresh produce as a vector to animal hosts. among the important s. enterica plant colonization factors are those involved in biofilm formation. s. enterica biofilm formation is controlled by the signaling molecule cyclic di-gmp and represents a sessile lifestyle on surfaces that protects the bacterium from environmental factors. thus, the transition f ...	2016	26655751
biofortification of oilseed brassica juncea with the anti-cancer compound glucoraphanin by suppressing gsl-alk gene family.	glucosinolates are amino acids derived secondary metabolites, invariably present in brassicales, which have huge health and agricultural benefits. sulphoraphane, the breakdown product of glucosinolate glucoraphanin is known to posses anti-cancer properties. aop (2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases) or gsl-alk enzyme catalyzes the conversion of desirable glucoraphanin to deleterious gluconapin and progoitrin, which are present in very high amounts in most of the cultivable brassica species incl ...	2015	26657321
draft genome sequence of the commercial biocontrol strain pantoea agglomerans p10c.	we report here the draft genome sequence of the biocontrol strain pantoea agglomerans p10c, composed of a draft chromosome and two plasmids: the 559-kb large pantoea plasmid 1 (ppag3) and a 182-kb plasmid (ppag1). a genomic island containing pantocin a biosynthesis genes was identified.	2015	26659685
a set of pcrs for rapid identification and characterization of pseudomonas syringae phylogroups.	the aim of this study was to develop a rapid pcr-based method for the specific detection of individual phylogroups of the pseudomonas syringae complex.	2016	26661140
bioactive secondary metabolites produced by the fungal endophytes of conifers.	this is a review of bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from conifer-associated endophytic fungi from 1990-2014. this includes compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity towards human cancer cell lines, and activity against either plant pathogens or plant insect pests. compounds that were originally reported without associated activity were included if other studies ascribed activity to these compounds. compounds were not included if they were ...	2015	26669101
genomic and gene-expression comparisons among phage-resistant type-iv pilus mutants of pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola.	pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (pph) is a significant bacterial pathogen of agricultural crops, and phage φ6 and other members of the dsrna virus family cystoviridae undergo lytic (virulent) infection of pph, using the type iv pilus as the initial site of cellular attachment. despite the popularity of pph/phage φ6 as a model system in evolutionary biology, pph resistance to phage φ6 remains poorly characterized. to investigate differences between phage φ6 resistant pph strains, we examine ...	2015	26670219
pipecolic acid orchestrates plant systemic acquired resistance and defense priming via salicylic acid-dependent and -independent pathways.	we investigated the relationships of the two immune-regulatory plant metabolites, salicylic acid (sa) and pipecolic acid (pip), in the establishment of plant systemic acquired resistance (sar), sar-associated defense priming, and basal immunity. using sa-deficient sid2, pip-deficient ald1, and sid2 ald1 plants deficient in both sa and pip, we show that sa and pip act both independently from each other and synergistically in arabidopsis thaliana basal immunity to pseudomonas syringae. transcripto ...	2015	26672068
pipecolic acid orchestrates plant systemic acquired resistance and defense priming via salicylic acid-dependent and -independent pathways.	we investigated the relationships of the two immune-regulatory plant metabolites, salicylic acid (sa) and pipecolic acid (pip), in the establishment of plant systemic acquired resistance (sar), sar-associated defense priming, and basal immunity. using sa-deficient sid2, pip-deficient ald1, and sid2 ald1 plants deficient in both sa and pip, we show that sa and pip act both independently from each other and synergistically in arabidopsis thaliana basal immunity to pseudomonas syringae. transcripto ...	2015	26672068
phosphorylation and nuclear localization of npr1 in systemic acquired resistance.		2015	26672072
phosphorylation and nuclear localization of npr1 in systemic acquired resistance.		2015	26672072
systemic immunity requires snrk2.8-mediated nuclear import of npr1 in arabidopsis.	in plants, necrotic lesions occur at the site of pathogen infection through the hypersensitive response, which is followed by induction of systemic acquired resistance (sar) in distal tissues. salicylic acid (sa) induces sar by activating nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related genes1 (npr1) through an oligomer-to-monomer reaction. however, sa biosynthesis is elevated only slightly in distal tissues during sar, implying that sa-mediated induction of sar requires additional factors. here, we demonst ...	2015	26672073
functional dissection of a plant argonaute.	rna guided ribonuclease complexes play central role in rna interference. members of the evolutionarily conserved argonaute protein family form the catalytic cores of these complexes. unlike a number of other plant argonautes, the role of ago2 has been obscure until recently. newer data, however, have indicated its involvement in various biotic and abiotic stress responses. despite its suggested importance, there is no detailed characterization of this protein to date. here we report cloning and ...	2015	26673719
functional dissection of a plant argonaute.	rna guided ribonuclease complexes play central role in rna interference. members of the evolutionarily conserved argonaute protein family form the catalytic cores of these complexes. unlike a number of other plant argonautes, the role of ago2 has been obscure until recently. newer data, however, have indicated its involvement in various biotic and abiotic stress responses. despite its suggested importance, there is no detailed characterization of this protein to date. here we report cloning and ...	2015	26673719
heat shock proteins: a review of the molecular chaperones for plant immunity.	as sessile organisms, plants are exposed to persistently changing stresses and have to be able to interpret and respond to them. the stresses, drought, salinity, chemicals, cold and hot temperatures, and various pathogen attacks have interconnected effects on plants, resulting in the disruption of protein homeostasis. maintenance of proteins in their functional native conformations and preventing aggregation of non-native proteins are important for cell survival under stress. heat shock proteins ...	2015	26676169
peptidoglycan perception in plants.		2015	26679352
comparison of four comamonas catabolic plasmids reveals the evolution of pbhb to catabolize haloaromatics.	comamonas plasmids play important roles in shaping the phenotypes of their hosts and the adaptation of these hosts to changing environments, and understanding the evolutionary strategy of these plasmids is thus of great concern. in this study, the sequence of the 119-kb 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile-catabolizing plasmid pbhb from comamonas sp. strain 7d-2 was studied and compared with those of three other comamonas haloaromatic catabolic plasmids. incompatibility group determination based on ...	2016	26682859
genomic analysis of luteimonas abyssi xh031(t): insights into its adaption to the subseafloor environment of south pacific gyre and ecological role in biogeochemical cycle.	luteimonas abyssi xh031(t), which was previously isolated from subseafloor environment of the south pacific gyre (spg), was an aerobic, gram-negative bacterium, and was identified to be a novel species of the genus luteimonas in the family of xanthomonadaceae. the nutrients utilization and metabolic mechanisms of xh031(t) indicate its plasticity. in view of the above characteristics, its genome was sequenced, and an in-depth analysis of the xh031(t) genome was performed to elucidate its adaption ...	2015	26690083
allyl isothiocyanate inhibits actin-dependent intracellular transport in arabidopsis thaliana.	volatile allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) derives from the biodegradation of the glucosinolate sinigrin and has been associated with growth inhibition in several plants, including the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. however, the underlying cellular mechanisms of this feature remain scarcely investigated in plants. in this study, we present evidence of an aitc-induced inhibition of actin-dependent intracellular transport in a. thaliana. a transgenic line of a. thaliana expressing yellow fluorescent ...	2015	26690132
disruption of osexo70a1 causes irregular vascular bundles and perturbs mineral nutrient assimilation in rice.	normal uptake, transportation, and assimilation of primary nutrients are essential to plant growth. tracheary elements (tes) are tissues responsible for the transport of water and minerals and characterized by patterned secondary cell wall (scw) thickening. exocysts are involved in the regulation of scw deposition by mediating the targeted transport of materials and enzymes to specific membrane areas. exo70s are highly duplicated in plants and provide exocysts with functional specificity. in thi ...	2015	26691393
plant adaptation to multiple stresses during submergence and following desubmergence.	plants require water for growth and development, but excessive water negatively affects their productivity and viability. flash floods occasionally result in complete submergence of plants in agricultural and natural ecosystems. when immersed in water, plants encounter multiple stresses including low oxygen, low light, nutrient deficiency, and high risk of infection. as floodwaters subside, submerged plants are abruptly exposed to higher oxygen concentration and greater light intensity, which ca ...	2015	26694376
transcriptional control of glutaredoxin grxc9 expression by a salicylic acid-dependent and npr1-independent pathway in arabidopsis.	salicylic acid (sa) is a key hormone that mediates gene transcriptional reprogramming in the context of the defense response to stress. grxc9, coding for a cc-type glutaredoxin from arabidopsis, is an sa-responsive gene induced early and transiently by an npr1-independent pathway. here, we address the mechanism involved in this sa-dependent pathway, using grxc9 as a model gene. we first established that grxc9 expression is induced by uvb exposure through this pathway, validating its activation i ...	2014	26696694
transcriptional control of glutaredoxin grxc9 expression by a salicylic acid-dependent and npr1-independent pathway in arabidopsis.	salicylic acid (sa) is a key hormone that mediates gene transcriptional reprogramming in the context of the defense response to stress. grxc9, coding for a cc-type glutaredoxin from arabidopsis, is an sa-responsive gene induced early and transiently by an npr1-independent pathway. here, we address the mechanism involved in this sa-dependent pathway, using grxc9 as a model gene. we first established that grxc9 expression is induced by uvb exposure through this pathway, validating its activation i ...	2014	26696694
rice sheath rot: an emerging ubiquitous destructive disease complex.	around one century ago, a rice disease characterized mainly by rotting of sheaths was reported in taiwan. the causal agent was identified as acrocylindrium oryzae, later known as sarocladium oryzae. since then it has become clear that various other organisms can cause similar disease symptoms, including fusarium sp. and fluorescent pseudomonads. these organisms have in common that they produce a range of phytotoxins that induce necrosis in plants. the same agents also cause grain discoloration, ...	2015	26697031
phylogeny of plant calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (ccamks) and functional analyses of tomato ccamk in disease resistance.	calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (ccamk) is a member of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase superfamily and is essential to microbe- plant symbiosis. to date, the distribution of ccamk gene in plants has not yet been completely understood, and its function in plant disease resistance remains unclear. in this study, we systemically identified the ccamk genes in genomes of 44 plant species in phytozome and analyzed the function of tomato ccamk (slccamk) in resistance to vari ...	2015	26697034
ectopic expression in arabidopsis thaliana of an nb-arc encoding putative disease resistance gene from wild chinese vitis pseudoreticulata enhances resistance to phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.	plant resistance proteins mediate pathogen recognition and activate innate immune responses to restrict pathogen proliferation. one common feature of these proteins is an nb-arc domain. in this study, we characterized a gene encoding a protein with an nb-arc domain from wild chinese grapevine vitis pseudoreticulata accession "baihe-35-1," which was identified in a transcriptome analysis of the leaves following inoculation with erysiphe necator (schw.), a causal agent of powdery mildew. transcrip ...	2015	26697041
chitin nanofiber elucidates the elicitor activity of polymeric chitin in plants.	chitin, an n-acetyl-d-glucosamine polymer, is a component of fungal cell walls and a microbe/pathogen-associated molecular pattern that elicits plant defense responses. as polymeric chitin is difficult to handle due to its insolubility in water, many studies on chitin-induced immune responses have used water-soluble low-molecular weight chitin instead. thus, it is unclear if polymeric chitin can induce resistance. here, we examined the elicitor activity of chitin nanofiber (cnf) of submicron thi ...	2015	26697049
comparative genomics of 43 strains of xanthomonas citri pv. citri reveals the evolutionary events giving rise to pathotypes with different host ranges.	the identification of factors involved in the host range definition and evolution is a pivotal challenge in the goal to predict and prevent the emergence of plant bacterial disease. to trace the evolution and find molecular differences between three pathotypes of xanthomonas citri pv. citri that may explain their distinctive host ranges, 42 strains of x. citri pv. citri and one outgroup strain, xanthomonas citri pv. bilvae were sequenced and compared.	2015	26699528
evolutionary rescue and the coexistence of generalist and specialist competitors: an experimental test.	competition for resources is thought to play a critical role in both the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. although numerous laboratory evolution experiments have confirmed that competition can be a key driver of adaptive diversification, few have demonstrated its role in the maintenance of the resulting diversity. we investigate the conditions that favour the origin and maintenance of alternative generalist and specialist resource-use phenotypes within the same population. previously, we ...	2015	26702041
rapid, automated detection of stem canker symptoms in woody perennials using artificial neural network analysis.	pseudomonas syringae can cause stem necrosis and canker in a wide range of woody species including cherry, plum, peach, horse chestnut and ash. the detection and quantification of lesion progression over time in woody tissues is a key trait for breeders to select upon for resistance.	2015	26705407
the pepper gna-related lectin and pan domain protein gene, caglp1, is required for plant cell death and defense signaling during bacterial infection.	carbohydrate-binding proteins, commonly referred to as lectins or agglutinins, function in defense responses to microbial pathogens. pepper (capsicum annuum) gna-related lectin and pan-domain protein gene caglp1 was isolated and functionally characterized from pepper leaves infected with xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (xcv). caglp1 contained an amine-terminus prokaryotic membrane lipoprotein lipid attachment site, a galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gna)-related lectin domain responsible for ...	2015	26706081
mechanistic insights into c-di-gmp-dependent control of the biofilm regulator fleq from pseudomonas aeruginosa.	bacterial biofilm formation during chronic infections confers increased fitness, antibiotic tolerance, and cytotoxicity. in many pathogens, the transition from a planktonic lifestyle to collaborative, sessile biofilms represents a regulated process orchestrated by the intracellular second-messenger c-di-gmp. a main effector for c-di-gmp signaling in the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa is the transcription regulator fleq. fleq is a bacterial enhancer-binding protein (bebp) with a ce ...	2016	26712005
mechanistic insights into c-di-gmp-dependent control of the biofilm regulator fleq from pseudomonas aeruginosa.	bacterial biofilm formation during chronic infections confers increased fitness, antibiotic tolerance, and cytotoxicity. in many pathogens, the transition from a planktonic lifestyle to collaborative, sessile biofilms represents a regulated process orchestrated by the intracellular second-messenger c-di-gmp. a main effector for c-di-gmp signaling in the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa is the transcription regulator fleq. fleq is a bacterial enhancer-binding protein (bebp) with a ce ...	2016	26712005
transcriptional control of quorum sensing and associated metabolic interactions in pseudomonas syringae strain b728a.	pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae cell densities fluctuate regularly during host plant colonization. previously we identified nine genes dependent on the quorum-sensing-associated luxr homolog ahlr during epiphytic and apoplastic stages of host colonization. yet their contributions to host colonization remain obscure, despite ahlr regulon presence within and beyond the p. syringae pan-genome. to elucidate ahir regulon member functions, we characterized their regulation, interactions with each ot ...	2016	26713670
an oomycete crn effector reprograms expression of plant hsp genes by targeting their promoters.	oomycete pathogens produce a large number of crn effectors to manipulate plant immune responses and promote infection. however, their functional mechanisms are largely unknown. here, we identified a phytophthora sojae crn effector pscrn108 which contains a putative dna-binding helix-hairpin-helix (hhh) motif and acts in the plant cell nucleus. silencing of the pscrn108 gene reduced p. sojae virulence to soybean, while expression of the gene in nicotiana benthamiana and arabidopsis thaliana enhan ...	2015	26714171
cucumber necrosis virus recruits cellular heat shock protein 70 homologs at several stages of infection.	rna viruses often depend on host factors for multiplication inside cells due to the constraints of their small genome size and limited coding capacity. one such factor that has been exploited by several plant and animal viruses is heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) family homologs which have been shown to play roles for different viruses in viral rna replication, viral assembly, disassembly, and cell-to-cell movement. using next generation sequence analysis, we reveal that several isoforms of hsp70 a ...	2016	26719261
microrna-induced negative regulation of tlr-5 in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella.	micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous small non-coding rnas that play crucial roles in numerous biological processes. however, the role of mirnas in antibacterial defence in fish has not been fully determined. here, we identified that nine mirnas are differentially expressed in kidney between susceptible and resistant grass carp strains. analysis of spatial and temporal mirna expression patterns suggests that cid-mirn-115 and mir-142a-3p are potential regulators of anti-bacterial activity. overexpre ...	2016	26727169
plant root-microbe communication in shaping root microbiomes.	a growing body of research is highlighting the impacts root-associated microbial communities can have on plant health and development. these impacts can include changes in yield quantity and quality, timing of key developmental stages and tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses. with such a range of effects it is clear that understanding the factors that contribute to a plant-beneficial root microbiome may prove advantageous. increasing demands for food by a growing human population increases t ...	2016	26729479
oleanolic acid induces the type iii secretion system of ralstonia solanacearum.	ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, can naturally infect a wide range of host plants. the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a major virulence determinant in this bacterium. studies have shown that plant-derived compounds are able to inhibit or induce the t3ss in some plant pathogenic bacteria, though no specific t3ss inhibitor or inducer has yet been identified in r. solanacearum. in this study, a total of 50 different compounds were screened and almost half of them (22 ...	2015	26732647
the plastidial retrograde signal methyl erythritol cyclopyrophosphate is a regulator of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid crosstalk.	the exquisite harmony between hormones and their corresponding signaling pathways is central to prioritizing plant responses to simultaneous and/or successive environmental trepidations. the crosstalk between jasmonic acid (ja) and salicylic acid (sa) is an established effective mechanism that optimizes and tailors plant adaptive responses. however, the underlying regulatory modules of this crosstalk are largely unknown. global transcriptomic analyses of mutant plants (ceh1) with elevated levels ...	2016	26733689
gene expression profiling in viable but nonculturable (vbnc) cells of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.	pseudomonas syringae infects diverse crop plants and comprises at least 50 different pathovar strains with different host ranges. more information on the physiological and molecular effects of the host inhibitory environment on the pathogen is needed to develop resistant cultivars. recently, we reported an in vitro model system that mimics the redox pulse associated with the oxidative burst in plant cells inoculated with pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. using this system, we demonstrated that ...	2015	26733964
engineering bacterial surface displayed human norovirus capsid proteins: a novel system to explore interaction between norovirus and ligands.	human noroviruses (hunovs) are major contributors to acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks. many aspects of hunovs are poorly understood due to both the current inability to culture hunovs, and the lack of efficient small animal models. surrogates for hunovs, such as recombinant viral like particles (vlps) expressed in eukaryotic system or p particles expressed in prokaryotic system, have been used for studies in immunology and interaction between the virus and its receptors. however, it ...	2015	26733983
evaluation of a sumo e2 conjugating enzyme involved in resistance to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in solanum peruvianum, through a tomato mottle virus vigs assay.	clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato. currently, no solanum lycopersicum resistant varieties are commercially available, but some degree of cmm resistance has been identified in solanum peruvianum. previous research showed up-regulation of a sumo e2 conjugating enzyme (scei) transcript in s. peruvianum compared to s. lycopersicum following infection with cmm. in order to test the role of scei in resistance to cmm, a fragment of scei from ...	2015	26734014
comparative transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible tomato lines in response to infection by xanthomonas perforans race t3.	bacterial spot, incited by several xanthomonas sp., is a serious disease in tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.). although genetics of resistance has been widely investigated, the interactions between the pathogen and tomato plants remain unclear. in this study, tanscriptomes of x. perforans race t3 infected tomato lines were compared to those of controls. an average of 7 million reads were generated with approximately 21,526 genes mapped in each sample post-inoculation at 6 h (6 hpi) and 6 days (6 ...	2015	26734053
comparing gene expression profiles between bt and non-bt rice in response to brown planthopper infestation.	bt proteins are the most widely used insecticidal proteins in transgenic crops for improving insect resistance. we previously observed longer nymphal developmental duration and lower fecundity in brown planthopper (bph) fed on bt rice line kmd2, although bt insecticidal protein cry1ab could rarely concentrate in this non-target rice pest. in the present study, we performed microarray analysis in an effort to detect bt-independent variation, which might render bt rice more defensive and/or less n ...	2015	26734057
next-generation sequencing for binary protein-protein interactions.	the yeast two-hybrid (y2h) system exploits host cell genetics in order to display binary protein-protein interactions (ppis) via defined and selectable phenotypes. numerous improvements have been made to this method, adapting the screening principle for diverse applications, including drug discovery and the scale-up for proteome wide interaction screens in human and other organisms. here we discuss a systematic workflow and analysis scheme for screening data generated by y2h and related assays t ...	2015	26734059
overcoming substrate limitations for improved production of ethylene in e. coli.	ethylene is an important industrial compound for the production of a wide variety of plastics and chemicals. at present, ethylene production involves steam cracking of a fossil-based feedstock, representing the highest co2-emitting process in the chemical industry. biological ethylene production can be achieved via expression of a single protein, the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe), found in some bacteria and fungi; it has the potential to provide a sustainable alternative to steam cracking, provi ...	2016	26734073
a quick and robust method for quantification of the hypersensitive response in plants.	one of the most studied defense reactions of plants against microbial pathogens is the hypersensitive response (hr). the hr is a complex multicellular process that involves programmed cell death at the site of infection. a standard method to quantify plant defense and the hr is to measure the release of cellular electrolytes into water after infiltration with pathogenic bacteria. in this type of experiment, the bacteria are typically delivered into the plant tissue through syringe infiltration. ...	2015	26734506
aspartyl protease-mediated cleavage of bag6 is necessary for autophagy and fungal resistance in plants.	the bcl-2-associated athanogene (bag) family is an evolutionarily conserved group of cochaperones that modulate numerous cellular processes. previously we found that arabidopsis thaliana bag6 is required for basal immunity against the fungal phytopathogen botrytis cinerea. however, the mechanisms by which bag6 controls immunity are obscure. here, we address this important question by determining the molecular mechanisms responsible for bag6-mediated basal resistance. we show that arabidopsis bag ...	2016	26739014
nuclear function of subclass i actin-depolymerizing factor contributes to susceptibility in arabidopsis to an adapted powdery mildew fungus.	actin-depolymerizing factors (adfs) are conserved proteins that function in regulating the structure and dynamics of actin microfilaments in eukaryotes. in this study, we present evidence that arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) subclass i adfs, particularly adf4, functions as a susceptibility factor for an adapted powdery mildew fungus. the null mutant of adf4 significantly increased resistance against the adapted powdery mildew fungus golovinomyces orontii. the degree of resistance was further ...	2016	26747284
grp-3 and kapp, encoding interactors of wak1, negatively affect defense responses induced by oligogalacturonides and local response to wounding.	conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) and damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) act as danger signals to activate the plant immune response. these molecules are recognized by surface receptors that are referred to as pattern recognition receptors. oligogalacturonides (ogs), damps released from the plant cell wall homogalacturonan, have also been proposed to act as local signals in the response to wounding. the arabidopsis wall-associated kinase 1 (wak1), a receptor of og ...	2016	26748394
network-based comparative analysis of arabidopsis immune responses to golovinomyces orontii and botrytis cinerea infections.	a comprehensive exploration of common and specific plant responses to biotrophs and necrotrophs is necessary for a better understanding of plant immunity. here, we compared the arabidopsis defense responses evoked by the biotrophic fungus golovinomyces orontii and the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea through integrative network analysis. two time-course transcriptional datasets were integrated with an arabidopsis protein-protein interaction (ppi) network to construct a g. orontii conditional ...	2016	26750561
leucine zipper motif in rrs1 is crucial for the regulation of arabidopsis dual resistance protein complex rps4/rrs1.	arabidopsis thaliana leucine-rich repeat-containing (nlr) proteins rps4 and rrs1, known as dual resistance proteins, confer resistance to multiple pathogen isolates, such as the bacterial pathogens pseudomonas syringae and ralstonia solanacearum and the fungal pathogen colletotrichum higginsianum. rps4 is a typical toll/interleukin 1 receptor (tir)-type nlr, whereas rrs1 is an atypical tir-nlr that contains a leucine zipper (lz) motif and a c-terminal wrky domain. rps4 and rrs1 are localised nea ...	2016	26750751
rutin-mediated priming of plant resistance to three bacterial pathogens initiating the early sa signal pathway.	flavonoids are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and have many diverse functions, including uv protection, auxin transport inhibition, allelopathy, flower coloring and insect resistance. here we show that rutin, a proud member of the flavonoid family, could be functional as an activator to improve plant disease resistances. three plant species pretreated with 2 mm rutin were found to enhance resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, ralstonia solanacearum, and pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato st ...	2016	26751786
structure-function relationship of a novel pr-5 protein with antimicrobial activity from soy hulls.	an alkaline isoform of the pr-5 protein (designated gmolpc) has been purified from soybean hulls and identified by maldi-tof/tof-ms. gmolpc effectively inhibited in vitro the growth of phytophthora soja spore and pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea. the antimicrobial activity of gmolpc should be mainly ascribed to its high binding affinity with vesicles composed of dppg, (1,3)-β-d-glucans, and weak endo-(1,3)-β-d-glucanase activity. from the 3d models, predicted by the homology modeling, gmolpc con ...	2016	26753535
bacterial transcription as a target for antibacterial drug development.	transcription, the first step of gene expression, is carried out by the enzyme rna polymerase (rnap) and is regulated through interaction with a series of protein transcription factors. rnap and its associated transcription factors are highly conserved across the bacterial domain and represent excellent targets for broad-spectrum antibacterial agent discovery. despite the numerous antibiotics on the market, there are only two series currently approved that target transcription. the determination ...	2016	26764017
mapping the function of phytopathogen effectors.	pseudomonas syringae secretes effectors from its type iii secretion system to infect plants. in this issue of cell host & microbe, guo et al. (2016) determine that the t3ss effector, hope1, targets calmodulin and the microtubule-associated protein map65-1 to subvert plant immunity.	2016	26764591
a bacterial effector co-opts calmodulin to target the plant microtubule network.	the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae depends on effector proteins secreted by its type iii secretion system for the pathogenesis of plants. the majority of these effector proteins are known suppressors of immunity, but their plant targets remain elusive. using arabidopsis thaliana as a model host, we report that the hope1 effector uses the host calcium sensor, calmodulin (cam), as a co-factor to target the microtubule-associated protein 65 (map65), an important component of the microtubul ...	2016	26764598
an effector of the irish potato famine pathogen antagonizes a host autophagy cargo receptor.	plants use autophagy to safeguard against infectious diseases. however, how plant pathogens interfere with autophagy-related processes is unknown. here, we show that pexrd54, an effector from the irish potato famine pathogen phytophthora infestans, binds host autophagy protein atg8cl to stimulate autophagosome formation. pexrd54 depletes the autophagy cargo receptor joka2 out of atg8cl complexes and interferes with joka2's positive effect on pathogen defense. thus, a plant pathogen effector has ...	2016	26765567
a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay and sample preparation procedure for sensitive detection of xanthomonas fragariae in strawberry.	xanthomonas fragariae is a bacterium that causes angular leaf spot of strawberry. asymptomatic infection is common and contributes to the difficulties in disease management. the aim of this study was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay as an efficient method for detection of asymptomatic infections of x. fragariae. in addition, a new method of sample preparation was developed that allows sampling of a larger amount of plant tissue, hence increasing the detection rate ...	2016	26766068
detection and characterization of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum in kiwifruit in spain.	bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is currently the major threat to its commercial production worldwide. in 2011, the most virulent type (psa3) was detected for the first time in northwest-spain, in the province of pontevedra. in 2013 surveys, leaves and flower buds with mild symptoms were observed in actinidia deliciosa 'hayward' vines in an orchard at the province of a coruña, suggesting the presence of p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (psaf).	2015	26768357
the mechanistic targets of antifungal agents: an overview.	pathogenic fungi are a major causative group for opportunistic infections (ois). aids patients and other immunocompromised individuals are at risk for ois, which if not treated appropriately, contribute to the mortality associated with their conditions. several studies have indicated that the majority of hiv-positive patients contract fungal infections throughout the course of their disease. similar observations have been made regarding the increased frequency of bone marrow and organ transplant ...	2016	26776224
exploiting quorum sensing interfering strategies in gram-negative bacteria for the enhancement of environmental applications.	quorum sensing (qs) is a widespread intercellular form of communication to coordinate physiological processes and cooperative activities of bacteria at the population level, and it depends on the production, secretion, and detection of small diffusible autoinducers, such as acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls), auto-inducing oligo-peptides (aips) and autoinducer 2. in this review, the function of qs autoinducers of gram-negative bacteria in different aspects of wastewater treatment systems is examine ...	2015	26779175
exploiting quorum sensing interfering strategies in gram-negative bacteria for the enhancement of environmental applications.	quorum sensing (qs) is a widespread intercellular form of communication to coordinate physiological processes and cooperative activities of bacteria at the population level, and it depends on the production, secretion, and detection of small diffusible autoinducers, such as acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls), auto-inducing oligo-peptides (aips) and autoinducer 2. in this review, the function of qs autoinducers of gram-negative bacteria in different aspects of wastewater treatment systems is examine ...	2015	26779175
ternary wd40 repeat-containing protein complexes: evolution, composition and roles in plant immunity.	plants, like mammals, rely on their innate immune system to perceive and discriminate among the majority of their microbial pathogens. unlike mammals, plants respond to this molecular dialog by unleashing a complex chemical arsenal of defense metabolites to resist or evade pathogen infection. in basal or non-host resistance, plants utilize signal transduction pathways to detect "non-self," "damaged-self," and "altered-self"- associated molecular patterns and translate these "danger" signals into ...	2015	26779203
ternary wd40 repeat-containing protein complexes: evolution, composition and roles in plant immunity.	plants, like mammals, rely on their innate immune system to perceive and discriminate among the majority of their microbial pathogens. unlike mammals, plants respond to this molecular dialog by unleashing a complex chemical arsenal of defense metabolites to resist or evade pathogen infection. in basal or non-host resistance, plants utilize signal transduction pathways to detect "non-self," "damaged-self," and "altered-self"- associated molecular patterns and translate these "danger" signals into ...	2015	26779203
transcriptome analysis of brassica rapa near-isogenic lines carrying clubroot-resistant and -susceptible alleles in response to plasmodiophora brassicae during early infection.	although plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the most common pathogens worldwide, the causal agent of clubroot disease in brassica crops, resistance mechanisms to it are still only poorly understood. to study the early defense response induced by p. brassicae infection, a global transcriptome profiling of the roots of two near-isogenic lines (nils) of clubroot-resistant (cr bjn3-2) and clubroot-susceptible (bjn3-2) chinese cabbage (brassica rapa) was performed by rna-seq. among the 42,730 unique ...	2015	26779217
transcriptome analysis of brassica rapa near-isogenic lines carrying clubroot-resistant and -susceptible alleles in response to plasmodiophora brassicae during early infection.	although plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the most common pathogens worldwide, the causal agent of clubroot disease in brassica crops, resistance mechanisms to it are still only poorly understood. to study the early defense response induced by p. brassicae infection, a global transcriptome profiling of the roots of two near-isogenic lines (nils) of clubroot-resistant (cr bjn3-2) and clubroot-susceptible (bjn3-2) chinese cabbage (brassica rapa) was performed by rna-seq. among the 42,730 unique ...	2015	26779217
supramolecular structure and functional analysis of the type iii secretion system in pseudomonas fluorescens 2p24.	the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of plant and animal bacterial pathogens directs the secretion and injection of proteins into host cells. some homologous genes of t3ss were found also in non-pathogenic bacteria, but the organization of its machinery and basic function are still unknown. in this study, we identified a t3ss gene cluster from the plant growth-promoting pseudomonas fluorescens 2p24 and isolated the corresponding t3ss apparatus. the t3ss gene cluster of strain 2p24 is similar org ...	2015	26779224
supramolecular structure and functional analysis of the type iii secretion system in pseudomonas fluorescens 2p24.	the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of plant and animal bacterial pathogens directs the secretion and injection of proteins into host cells. some homologous genes of t3ss were found also in non-pathogenic bacteria, but the organization of its machinery and basic function are still unknown. in this study, we identified a t3ss gene cluster from the plant growth-promoting pseudomonas fluorescens 2p24 and isolated the corresponding t3ss apparatus. the t3ss gene cluster of strain 2p24 is similar org ...	2015	26779224
plant ribosomal proteins, rpl12 and rpl19, play a role in nonhost disease resistance against bacterial pathogens.	characterizing the molecular mechanism involved in nonhost disease resistance is important to understand the adaptations of plant-pathogen interactions. in this study, virus-induced gene silencing (vigs)-based forward genetics screen was utilized to identify genes involved in nonhost resistance in nicotiana benthamiana. genes encoding ribosomal proteins, rpl12 and rpl19, were identified in the screening. these genes when silenced in n. benthamiana caused a delay in nonhost bacteria induced hyper ...	2015	26779226
plant ribosomal proteins, rpl12 and rpl19, play a role in nonhost disease resistance against bacterial pathogens.	characterizing the molecular mechanism involved in nonhost disease resistance is important to understand the adaptations of plant-pathogen interactions. in this study, virus-induced gene silencing (vigs)-based forward genetics screen was utilized to identify genes involved in nonhost resistance in nicotiana benthamiana. genes encoding ribosomal proteins, rpl12 and rpl19, were identified in the screening. these genes when silenced in n. benthamiana caused a delay in nonhost bacteria induced hyper ...	2015	26779226
pseudomonas fluorescens and trichoderma asperellum enhance expression of gα subunits of the pea heterotrimeric g-protein during erysiphe pisi infection.	we investigated the transcript accumulation patterns of all three subunits of heterotrimeric g-proteins (gα1 and 2, gβ, and gγ) in pea under stimulation of two soil-inhabiting rhizosphere microbes pseudomonas fluorescens okc and trichoderma asperellum t42. the microbes were either applied individually or co-inoculated and the transcript accumulation patterns were also investigated after challenging the same plants with a fungal biotrophic pathogen erysiphe pisi. we observed that mostly the trans ...	2015	26779236
pseudomonas fluorescens and trichoderma asperellum enhance expression of gα subunits of the pea heterotrimeric g-protein during erysiphe pisi infection.	we investigated the transcript accumulation patterns of all three subunits of heterotrimeric g-proteins (gα1 and 2, gβ, and gγ) in pea under stimulation of two soil-inhabiting rhizosphere microbes pseudomonas fluorescens okc and trichoderma asperellum t42. the microbes were either applied individually or co-inoculated and the transcript accumulation patterns were also investigated after challenging the same plants with a fungal biotrophic pathogen erysiphe pisi. we observed that mostly the trans ...	2015	26779236
temporal and spatial resolution of activated plant defense responses in leaves of nicotiana benthamiana infected with dickeya dadantii.	the necrotrophic bacteria dickeya dadantii is the causal agent of soft-rot disease in a broad range of hosts. the model plant nicotiana benthamiana, commonly used as experimental host for a very broad range of plant pathogens, is susceptible to infection by d. dadantii. the inoculation with d. dadantii at high dose seems to overcome the plant defense capacity, inducing maceration and death of the tissue, although restricted to the infiltrated area. by contrast, the output of the defense response ...	2015	26779238
temporal and spatial resolution of activated plant defense responses in leaves of nicotiana benthamiana infected with dickeya dadantii.	the necrotrophic bacteria dickeya dadantii is the causal agent of soft-rot disease in a broad range of hosts. the model plant nicotiana benthamiana, commonly used as experimental host for a very broad range of plant pathogens, is susceptible to infection by d. dadantii. the inoculation with d. dadantii at high dose seems to overcome the plant defense capacity, inducing maceration and death of the tissue, although restricted to the infiltrated area. by contrast, the output of the defense response ...	2015	26779238
shigella ipah family effectors as a versatile model for studying pathogenic bacteria.	shigella spp. are highly adapted human pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis). via the type iii secretion system (t3ss), shigella deliver a subset of virulence proteins (effectors) that are responsible for pathogenesis, with functions including pyroptosis, invasion of the epithelial cells, intracellular survival, and evasion of host immune responses. intriguingly, t3ss effector activity and strategies are not unique to shigella, but are shared by many other bacterial pathogens, i ...	2015	26779450
shigella ipah family effectors as a versatile model for studying pathogenic bacteria.	shigella spp. are highly adapted human pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis). via the type iii secretion system (t3ss), shigella deliver a subset of virulence proteins (effectors) that are responsible for pathogenesis, with functions including pyroptosis, invasion of the epithelial cells, intracellular survival, and evasion of host immune responses. intriguingly, t3ss effector activity and strategies are not unique to shigella, but are shared by many other bacterial pathogens, i ...	2015	26779450
de novo transcriptome analyses of host-fungal interactions in oil palm (elaeis guineensis jacq.).	basal stem rot (bsr) is a fungal disease in oil palm (elaeis guineensis jacq.) which is caused by hemibiotrophic white rot fungi belonging to the ganoderma genus. molecular responses of oil palm to these pathogens are not well known although this information is crucial to strategize effective measures to eradicate bsr. in order to elucidate the molecular interactions between oil palm and g. boninense and its biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum, we compared the root transcriptomes of untreate ...	2016	26781612
uncovering the transmembrane metal binding site of the novel bacterial major facilitator superfamily-type copper importer ccoa.	uptake and trafficking of metals and their delivery to their respective metalloproteins are important processes. cells need precise control of each step to avoid exposure to excessive metal concentrations and their harmful consequences. copper (cu) is a required micronutrient used as a cofactor in proteins. however, in large amounts, it can induce oxidative damage; hence, cu homeostasis is indispensable for cell survival. biogenesis of respiratory heme-cu oxygen (hco) reductases includes inserti ...	2016	26787831
the pseudomonas syringae type iii effectors avrrpm1 and avrrpt2 promote virulence dependent on the f-box protein coi1.	type iii effectors avrrpm1 and avrrpt2 promote bacterial growth dependent on a coi1-mediated pathway in the absence of the rpm1 and rps2 resistance proteins. the type iii effectors, avrrpm1 and avrrpt2, promote bacterial virulence by suppressing host defense responses. the defense suppressing activities of avrrpm1 and avrrpt2 are best studied in the absence of the resistance proteins rpm1 and rps2, which induce defense responses to them. we tested whether the type iii effectors could modulate a ...	2016	26795143
expression of antimicrobial peptides under control of a camalexin-biosynthetic promoter confers enhanced resistance against pseudomonas syringae.	in arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin biosynthesis is tightly regulated. the camalexin biosynthetic gene cyp71b15/pad3 is highly expressed in response to pathogens and specific abiotic triggers, while constitutive expression is very low. based on this property we expressed artificial antimicrobial peptides under control of the cyp71b15 promoter avoiding potential toxic effects to the plant related to constitutive expression. significant and substantial growth inhibition of pseudomonas syringae was ...	2016	26795461
overexpression of rice wall-associated kinase 25 (oswak25) alters resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens.	wall-associated kinases comprise a sub-family of receptor-like kinases that function in plant growth and stress responses. previous studies have shown that the rice wall-associated kinase, oswak25, interacts with a diverse set of proteins associated with both biotic and abiotic stress responses. here, we show that wounding and bth treatments induce oswak25 transcript expression in rice. we generated oswak25 overexpression lines and show that these lines exhibit a lesion mimic phenotype and enhan ...	2016	26795719
the arabidopsis nadph oxidases rbohd and rbohf display differential expression patterns and contributions during plant immunity.	plant nadph oxidases, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (rbohs), produce reactive oxygen species (ros) that perform a wide range of functions. rbohd and rbohf, two of the 10 rboh genes present in arabidopsis, are pleiotropic and mediate diverse physiological processes including the response to pathogens. we hypothesized that the spatio-temporal control of rbohd and rbohf gene expression might be critical in determining their multiplicity of functions. transgenic arabidopsis plan ...	2016	26798024
regulatory and functional aspects of indolic metabolism in plant systemic acquired resistance.	tryptophan-derived, indolic metabolites possess diverse functions in arabidopsis innate immunity to microbial pathogen infection. here, we investigate the functional role and regulatory characteristics of indolic metabolism in arabidopsis systemic acquired resistance (sar) triggered by the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae. indolic metabolism is broadly activated in both p. syringae-inoculated and distant, non-inoculated leaves. at inoculation sites, camalexin, indol-3-ylmethylamine (i3a), ...	2016	26802249
elucidating the diversity of aquatic microdochium and trichoderma species and their activity against the fish pathogen saprolegnia diclina.	animals and plants are increasingly threatened by emerging fungal and oomycete diseases. amongst oomycetes, saprolegnia species cause population declines in aquatic animals, especially fish and amphibians, resulting in significant perturbation in biodiversity, ecological balance and food security. due to the prohibition of several chemical control agents, novel sustainable measures are required to control saprolegnia infections in aquaculture. previously, fungal community analysis by terminal re ...	2016	26805821
transcriptome sequencing in response to salicylic acid in salvia miltiorrhiza.	salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional chinese herbal medicine, whose quality and yield are often affected by diseases and environmental stresses during its growing season. salicylic acid (sa) plays a significant role in plants responding to biotic and abiotic stresses, but the involved regulatory factors and their signaling mechanisms are largely unknown. in order to identify the genes involved in sa signaling, the rna sequencing (rna-seq) strategy was employed to evaluate the transcriptional pro ...	2016	26808150
bri1-ems-suppressor 1 gain-of-function mutant shows higher susceptibility to necrotrophic fungal infection.	brassinosteroids (brs) are plant-specific steroids that are involved in plant growth and defense responses. however, the exact roles of br in plant defense are unclear. we used the bes1-d gain-of-function mutant to define the underlying relationship between plant growth and defense through br signaling and innate immunity. in bes1-d, further downstream component bes1 transcription factor is stabilized, leading to the activation of br signaling. previous reports on bes1 target genes showed that a ...	2016	26809089
tomato response traits to pathogenic pseudomonas species: does nitrogen limitation matter?	induced chemical defence is a cost-efficient protective strategy, whereby plants induce the biosynthesis of defence-related compounds only in the case of pest attack. plant responses that are pathogen specific lower the cost of defence, compared to constitutive defence. as nitrogen availability (n) in the root zone is one of the levers mediating the concentration of defence-related compounds in plants, we investigated its influence on response traits of tomato to two pathogenic bacteria, growing ...	2016	26810453
photoinhibition and photoinhibition-like damage to the photosynthetic apparatus in tobacco leaves induced by pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci under light and dark conditions.	pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (pst), which is the pathogen responsible for tobacco wildfire disease, has received considerable attention in recent years. the objective of this study was to clarify the responses of photosystem i (psi) and photosystem ii (psii) to pst infection in tobacco leaves.	2016	26811180