Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| auto-acetylation on k289 is not essential for hopz1a-mediated plant defense suppression. | the pseudomonas syringae type iii-secreted effector hopz1a is a member of the hopz/yopj superfamily of effectors that triggers immunity in arabidopsis. we have previously shown that hopz1a suppresses both local [effector-triggered immunity (eti)] and systemic immunity [systemic acquired resistance (sar)] triggered by the heterologous effector avrrpt2. hopz1a has been shown to possess acetyltransferase activity, and this activity is essential to trigger immunity in arabidopsis. hopz1a acetyltrans ... | 2015 | 26217317 |
| genome mining and metabolic profiling of the rhizosphere bacterium pseudomonas sp. sh-c52 for antimicrobial compounds. | the plant microbiome represents an enormous untapped resource for discovering novel genes and bioactive compounds. previously, we isolated pseudomonas sp. sh-c52 from the rhizosphere of sugar beet plants grown in a soil suppressive to the fungal pathogen rhizoctonia solani and showed that its antifungal activity is, in part, attributed to the production of the chlorinated 9-amino-acid lipopeptide thanamycin (mendes et al., 2011). to get more insight into its biosynthetic repertoire, the genome o ... | 2015 | 26217324 |
| temperature-dependent expression of virulence genes in fish-pathogenic bacteria. | virulence gene expression in pathogenic bacteria is modulated by environmental parameters. a key factor in this expression is temperature. its effect on virulence gene expression in bacteria infecting warm-blooded hosts is well documented. transcription of virulence genes in these bacteria is induced upon a shift from low environmental to a higher host temperature (37°c). interestingly, host temperatures usually correspond to the optimum for growth of these pathogenic bacteria. on the contrary, ... | 2015 | 26217329 |
| role of proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylate metabolism in plant defense against invading pathogens. | pyrroline-5-carboxylate (p5c) is an intermediate product of both proline biosynthesis and catabolism. recent evidences indicate that proline-p5c metabolism is tightly regulated in plants, especially during pathogen infection and abiotic stress. however, role of p5c and its metabolism in plants has not yet been fully understood. studies indicate that p5c synthesized in mitochondria has a role in both resistance (r)-gene-mediated and non-host resistance against invading pathogens. proline dehydrog ... | 2015 | 26217357 |
| spatial dissection of the arabidopsis thaliana transcriptional response to downy mildew using fluorescence activated cell sorting. | changes in gene expression form a crucial part of the plant response to infection. in the last decade, whole-leaf expression profiling has played a valuable role in identifying genes and processes that contribute to the interactions between the model plant arabidopsis thaliana and a diverse range of pathogens. however, with some pathogens such as downy mildew caused by the biotrophic oomycete pathogen hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (hpa), whole-leaf profiling may fail to capture the complete ara ... | 2015 | 26217372 |
| plant immune receptors mimic pathogen virulence targets. | 2015 | 26219337 | |
| the wheat agc kinase taagc1 is a positive contributor to host resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen rhizoctonia cerealis. | considerable progress has been made in understanding the roles of agc kinases in mammalian systems. however, very little is known about the roles of agc kinases in wheat (triticum aestivum). the necrotrophic fungus rhizoctonia cerealis is the major pathogen of the destructive disease sharp eyespot of wheat. in this study, the wheat agc kinase gene taagc1, responding to r. cerealis infection, was isolated, and its properties and role in wheat defence were characterized. r. cerealis-resistant whea ... | 2015 | 26220083 |
| the vq motif-containing protein family of plant-specific transcriptional regulators. | the vq motif-containing proteins (designated as vq proteins) are a class of plant-specific proteins with a conserved and single short fxxhvqxhtg amino acid sequence motif. vq proteins regulate diverse developmental processes, including responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, seed development, and photomorphogenesis. in this update, we summarize and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the regulation and function of vq proteins and the role of the vq motif in mediating transcriptiona ... | 2015 | 26220951 |
| bacteria in combination with fertilizers promote root and shoot growth of maize in saline-sodic soil. | salinity is the leading abiotic stress hampering maize ( zea mays l.) growth throughout the world, especially in pakistan. during salinity stress, the endogenous ethylene level in plants increases, which retards proper root growth and consequent shoot growth of the plants. however, certain bacteria contain the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase, which converts 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (an immediate precursor of ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants) into ammon ... | 2015 | 26221093 |
| arabidopsis raf-like mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase gene raf43 is required for tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades are critical signaling modules that mediate the transduction of extracellular stimuli into intracellular response. a relatively large number of mapkkks have been identified in a variety of plant genomes but only a few of them have been studied for their biological function. in the present study, we identified an arabidopsis raf-like mapkkk gene raf43 and studied its function in biotic and abiotic stress response using a t-dna insertion mutant raf4 ... | 2015 | 26222830 |
| a critical role of lyst-interacting protein5, a positive regulator of multivesicular body biogenesis, in plant responses to heat and salt stresses. | multivesicular bodies (mvbs) are unique endosomes containing vesicles in the lumen and play critical roles in many cellular processes. we have recently shown that arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) lyst-interacting protein5 (lip5), a positive regulator of the suppressor of k(+) transport growth defect1 (skd1) aaa atpase in mvb biogenesis, is a critical target of the mitogen-activated protein kinases mpk3 and mpk6 and plays an important role in the plant immune system. in this study, we report th ... | 2015 | 26229051 |
| the pepper phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase capepck1 is involved in plant immunity against bacterial and oomycete pathogens. | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a member of the lyase family, is involved in the metabolic pathway of gluconeogenesis in organisms. although the major function of pepck in gluconeogenesis is well established, it is unclear whether this enzyme is involved in plant immunity. here, we isolated and identified the pepper (capsicum annuum) pepck (capepck1) gene from pepper leaves infected with xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (xcv). capepck1 was strongly expressed in pepper leaves during the ... | 2015 | 26233534 |
| comparative secretomics reveals novel virulence-associated factors of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a causative agent of serious human seafood-borne gastroenteritis disease and even death. in this study, for the first time, we obtained the secretomic profiles of seven v. parahaemolyticus strains of clinical and food origins. the strains exhibited various toxic genotypes and phenotypes of antimicrobial susceptibility and heavy metal resistance, five of which were isolated from aquatic products in shanghai, china. fourteen common extracellular proteins were identified ... | 2015 | 26236293 |
| commentary: the absence of protein y4ys affects negatively the abundance of t3ss mesorhizobium loti secretin, rhcc2, in bacterial membranes. | 2015 | 26236295 | |
| mortal kombat: the story of defense against tal effectors through loss-of-susceptibility. | many plant-pathogenic xanthomonads rely on transcription activator-like (tal) effectors to colonize their host. this particular family of type iii effectors functions as specific plant transcription factors via a programmable dna-binding domain. upon binding to the promoters of plant disease susceptibility genes in a sequence-specific manner, the expression of these host genes is induced. however, plants have evolved specific strategies to counter the action of tal effectors and confer resistanc ... | 2015 | 26236326 |
| turnip vein clearing virus movement protein nuclear activity: do tobamovirus movement proteins play a role in immune response suppression? | plant viruses' cell-to-cell movement requires the function of virally encoded movement proteins (mps). the tobamovirus, tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) has served as the model virus to study the activities of single mps. however, since tmv does not infect the model plant arabidopsis thaliana i have used a related tobamovirus, turnip vein-clearing virus (tvcv). i recently showed that, despite belonging to the same genus, the behavior of the 2 viruses mps differ significantly during infection. most not ... | 2015 | 26237173 |
| functional characterization of pcrk1, a putative protein kinase with a role in immunity. | in arabidopsis, defense signaling is triggered by the perception of conserved molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors (prrs). signal transduction from the prrs requires members of a family of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (rlcks). previously, we described one such rlck, pti compromised receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 1 (pcrk1) that is important for immunity induced by microbe associated molecular patterns (mamps) as well as damage associated molecular patterns (damps). in this s ... | 2015 | 26237268 |
| five xanthomonas type iii effectors suppress cell death induced by components of immunity-associated map kinase cascades. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play a fundamental role in signaling of plant immunity and mediate elicitation of cell death. xanthomonas spp. manipulate plant signaling by using a type iii secretion system to deliver effector proteins into host cells. we examined the ability of 33 xanthomonas effectors to inhibit cell death induced by overexpression of components of mapk cascades in nicotiana benthamiana plants. five effectors inhibited cell death induced by overexpression of m ... | 2015 | 26237448 |
| salt-related myb1 coordinates abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling during salt stress in arabidopsis. | abiotic stresses, such as salinity, cause global yield loss of all major crop plants. factors and mechanisms that can aid in plant breeding for salt stress tolerance are therefore of great importance for food and feed production. here, we identified a myb-like transcription factor, salt-related myb1 (srm1), that negatively affects arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) seed germination under saline conditions by regulating the levels of the stress hormone abscisic acid (aba). accordingly, several ab ... | 2015 | 26243618 |
| nh4+ protects tomato plants against pseudomonas syringae by activation of systemic acquired acclimation. | nh4 (+) nutrition provokes mild toxicity by enhancing h2o2 accumulation, which acts as a signal activating systemic acquired acclimation (saa). until now, induced resistance mechanisms in response to an abiotic stimulus and related to saa were only reported for exposure to a subsequent abiotic stress. herein, the first evidence is provided that this acclimation to an abiotic stimulus induces resistance to later pathogen infection, since nh4 (+) nutrition (n-nh4 (+))-induced resistance (nh4 (+)-i ... | 2015 | 26246613 |
| anti-toxoplasma activity of 2-(naphthalene-2-γlthiol)-1h indole. | this study was undertaken to evaluate the viability, infectivity and immunity of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites exposed to 2-(naphthalene-2-ylthio)-1h-indole. | 2015 | 26246814 |
| plasmodesmata: a signaling hub at the cellular boundary. | effective intercellular communication is crucial for the survival of plants. because plant cells are encased in rigid cell walls, direct cell-to-cell exchange of cytoplasmic content is only possible through plasmodesmata (pd), membrane-lined nanotubes that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. pd are highly dynamic communication channels that can undergo various structural and functional modifications. recent findings in the field suggest that defense signaling pathways are tightly linked to ... | 2015 | 26247123 |
| xanthomonas campestris cell-cell signalling molecule dsf (diffusible signal factor) elicits innate immunity in plants and is suppressed by the exopolysaccharide xanthan. | several secreted and surface-associated conserved microbial molecules are recognized by the host to mount the defence response. one such evolutionarily well-conserved bacterial process is the production of cell-cell signalling molecules which regulate production of multiple virulence functions by a process known as quorum sensing. here it is shown that a bacterial fatty acid cell-cell signalling molecule, dsf (diffusible signal factor), elicits innate immunity in plants. the dsf family of signal ... | 2015 | 26248667 |
| methylated cytokinins from the phytopathogen rhodococcus fascians mimic plant hormone activity. | cytokinins (cks), a class of phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development, are also synthesized by some phytopathogens to disrupt the hormonal balance and to facilitate niche establishment in their hosts. rhodococcus fascians harbors the fasciation (fas) locus, an operon encoding several genes homologous to ck biosynthesis and metabolism. this pathogen causes unique leafy gall symptoms reminiscent of ck overproduction; however, bacterial cks have not been clearly correlated with the ... | 2015 | 26251309 |
| resistance of aerosolized bacterial viruses to relative humidity and temperature. | the use of aerosolized bacteriophages as surrogates for hazardous viruses might simplify and accelerate the discovery of links between viral components and their persistence in the airborne state under diverse environmental conditions. in this study, four structurally distinct lytic phages, ms2 (single-stranded rna [ssrna]), ϕ6 (double-stranded rna [dsrna]), ϕx174 (single-stranded dna [ssdna]), and pr772 (double-stranded dna [dsdna]), were nebulized into a rotating chamber and exposed to various ... | 2015 | 26253683 |
| ornithine transcarbamylase argk plays a dual role for the self-defense of phaseolotoxin producing pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. | pseudomonas syringae is a phytopathogenic bacterium widely spread on terrestrial plants. sulfodiaminophosphinyl tripeptide phaseolotoxins (phts), produced by p. syringae pv. phaseolicola and p. syringae pv. actinidiae, represent a kind of antimetabolic phytotoxins. phts inhibit host cell ornithine transcarbamylase (otcase) activity and induce arginine auxotrophic phenotype. the biosynthesis of pht is temperature dependent, being optically produced at around 18 °c, while blocked above 28 °c. pht ... | 2015 | 26256666 |
| camalexin contributes to the partial resistance of arabidopsis thaliana to the biotrophic soilborne protist plasmodiophora brassicae. | camalexin has been reported to play defensive functions against several pathogens in arabidopsis. in this study, we investigated the possible role of camalexin accumulation in two arabidopsis genotypes with different levels of basal resistance to the compatible eh strain of the clubroot agent plasmodiophora brassicae. camalexin biosynthesis was induced in infected roots of both col-0 (susceptible) and bur-0 (partially resistant) accessions during the secondary phase of infection. however, the le ... | 2015 | 26257750 |
| structural basis of jaz repression of myc transcription factors in jasmonate signalling. | the plant hormone jasmonate plays crucial roles in regulating plant responses to herbivorous insects and microbial pathogens and is an important regulator of plant growth and development. key mediators of jasmonate signalling include myc transcription factors, which are repressed by jasmonate zim-domain (jaz) transcriptional repressors in the resting state. in the presence of active jasmonate, jaz proteins function as jasmonate co-receptors by forming a hormone-dependent complex with coi1, the f ... | 2015 | 26258305 |
| probing the biomimetic ice nucleation inhibition activity of poly(vinyl alcohol) and comparison to synthetic and biological polymers. | nature has evolved many elegant solutions to enable life to flourish at low temperatures by either allowing (tolerance) or preventing (avoidance) ice formation. these processes are typically controlled by ice nucleating proteins or antifreeze proteins, which act to either promote nucleation, prevent nucleation or inhibit ice growth depending on the specific need, respectively. these proteins can be expensive and their mechanisms of action are not understood, limiting their translation, especiall ... | 2015 | 26258729 |
| the arabidopsis lectin euls3 is involved in stomatal closure. | plants synthesize carbohydrate binding proteins in response to adverse environmental conditions such as drought, heat, pathogen attack, etc. the arabidopsis euls3 lectin (referred to as aratheuls3, encoded by at2g39050) has recently been linked to the drought stress response. in this study, endogenous binding partners for this protein have been investigated. tandem affinity purifications and mass spectrometry analyses allowed the identification of two putative interacting proteins, embryo-specif ... | 2015 | 26259197 |
| development of a multiple loci variable number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva) to unravel the intra-pathovar structure of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae populations worldwide. | the bacterial canker of kiwifruit by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is an emblematic example of a catastrophic disease of fruit crops. in 2008 a new, extremely virulent form of the pathogen emerged and rapidly devastated many actinidia spp. orchards all over the world. in order to understand differences in populations within this pathovar and to elucidate their diffusion and movements on world scale, it is necessary to be able to quickly and on a routine basis compare new isolates with prev ... | 2015 | 26262683 |
| cilantro microbiome before and after nonselective pre-enrichment for salmonella using 16s rrna and metagenomic sequencing. | salmonella enterica is a common cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the united states and is associated with outbreaks in fresh produce such as cilantro. salmonella culture-based detection methods are complex and time consuming, and improvments to increase detection sensitivity will benefit consumers. in this study, we used 16s rrna sequencing to determine the microbiome of cilantro. we also investigated changes to the microbial community prior to and after a 24-hour nonselective pre-enrichmen ... | 2015 | 26264042 |
| bacterial rotary export atpases are allosterically regulated by the nucleotide second messenger cyclic-di-gmp. | the widespread second messenger molecule cyclic di-gmp (cdg) regulates the transition from motile and virulent lifestyles to sessile, biofilm-forming ones in a wide range of bacteria. many pathogenic and commensal bacterial-host interactions are known to be controlled by cdg signaling. although the biochemistry of cyclic dinucleotide metabolism is well understood, much remains to be discovered about the downstream signaling pathways that induce bacterial responses upon cdg binding. as part of ou ... | 2015 | 26265469 |
| new insights into the biological role of the osmoregulated periplasmic glucans in pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria. | this review emphasizes the biological roles of the osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (opgs). osmoregulated periplasmic glucans occur in almost all α-, β- and γ-proteobacteria. this polymer of glucose is required for full virulence. the roles of the opgs are complex and vary depending on the species. here, we outline the four major roles of the opgs through four different pathogenic and one symbiotic bacterial models (dickeya dadantii, salmonella enterica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, brucella abortus ... | 2015 | 26265506 |
| independent co-option of a tailed bacteriophage into a killing complex in pseudomonas. | competition between microbes is widespread in nature, especially among those that are closely related. to combat competitors, bacteria have evolved numerous protein-based systems (bacteriocins) that kill strains closely related to the producer. in characterizing the bacteriocin complement and killing spectra for the model strain pseudomonas syringae b728a, we discovered that its activity was not linked to any predicted bacteriocin but is derived from a prophage. instead of encoding an active pro ... | 2015 | 26265717 |
| multilayered regulation of ethylene induction plays a positive role in arabidopsis resistance against pseudomonas syringae. | ethylene, a key phytohormone involved in plant-pathogen interaction, plays a positive role in plant resistance against fungal pathogens. however, its function in plant bacterial resistance remains unclear. here, we report a detailed analysis of ethylene induction in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) in response to pseudomonas syringae pv tomato dc3000 (pst). ethylene biosynthesis is highly induced in both pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern (pamp)-triggered immunity and effector-trigg ... | 2015 | 26265775 |
| transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identify a role for chlorophyll catabolism and phytoalexin during medicago nonhost resistance against asian soybean rust. | asian soybean rust (asr) caused by phakopsora pachyrhizi is a devastating foliar disease affecting soybean production worldwide. understanding nonhost resistance against asr may provide an avenue to engineer soybean to confer durable resistance against asr. we characterized a medicago truncatula-asr pathosystem to study molecular mechanisms of nonhost resistance. although urediniospores formed appressoria and penetrated into epidermal cells of m. truncatula, p. pachyrhizi failed to sporulate. tr ... | 2015 | 26267598 |
| tlc-direct bioautography and lc/ms as complementary methods in identification of antibacterial agents in plant tinctures from the asteraceae family. | matricaria recutita l. (chamomile) and achillea millefolium l. (yarrow) are very common herbs growing in meadows, pathways, crop fields, and home gardens. preparations from these plants, e.g., infusions or alcohol extracts, are widely used as remedies. both chamomile and yarrow have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. most microbiological assays used today give information only on activity of whole extracts and do not provide information on the composition an ... | 2015 | 26268962 |
| tlc-direct bioautography as a bioassay guided method for investigation of antibacterial compounds in hypericum perforatum l. | fast high-throughput tlc-direct bioautography (db) is an effect-directed analysis method that enables searching for biologically active (e.g., antimicrobial) substances in complex mixtures like plant extracts. the principle of the method is that separation and detection of biological properties of given mixture components is performed directly on a tlc plate. in searching for antibacterial activity, the developed plate is immersed in a bacterial broth, and bacteria grow directly on its layer dur ... | 2015 | 26268984 |
| translational genomics for plant breeding with the genome sequence explosion. | the use of next-generation sequencers and advanced genotyping technologies has propelled the field of plant genomics in model crops and plants and enhanced the discovery of hidden bridges between genotypes and phenotypes. the newly generated reference sequences of unstudied minor plants can be annotated by the knowledge of model plants via translational genomics approaches. here, we reviewed the strategies of translational genomics and suggested perspectives on the current databases of genomic r ... | 2015 | 26269219 |
| translational genomics for plant breeding with the genome sequence explosion. | the use of next-generation sequencers and advanced genotyping technologies has propelled the field of plant genomics in model crops and plants and enhanced the discovery of hidden bridges between genotypes and phenotypes. the newly generated reference sequences of unstudied minor plants can be annotated by the knowledge of model plants via translational genomics approaches. here, we reviewed the strategies of translational genomics and suggested perspectives on the current databases of genomic r ... | 2015 | 26269219 |
| the identification of maize and arabidopsis type i flavone synthases links flavones with hormones and biotic interactions. | flavones are a major group of flavonoids with diverse functions and are extensively distributed in land plants. there are two different classes of flavone synthase (fns) enzymes that catalyze the conversion of the flavanones into flavones. the fnsi class comprises soluble fe(2+)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, and fnsii enzymes are oxygen- and nadph-dependent cytochrome p450 membrane-bound monooxygenases. here, we describe the identification and characterization of fnsi enzymes from maize ... | 2015 | 26269546 |
| posttranslational modifications of the master transcriptional regulator npr1 enable dynamic but tight control of plant immune responses. | npr1, a master regulator of basal and systemic acquired resistance in plants, confers immunity through a transcriptional cascade, which includes transcription activators (e.g., tga3) and repressors (e.g., wrky70), leading to the massive induction of antimicrobial genes. how this single protein orchestrates genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming in response to immune stimulus remains a major question. paradoxically, while npr1 is essential for defense gene induction, its turnover appears to be ... | 2015 | 26269953 |
| an untargeted global metabolomic analysis reveals the biochemical changes underlying basal resistance and priming in solanum lycopersicum, and identifies 1-methyltryptophan as a metabolite involved in plant responses to botrytis cinerea and pseudomonas syringae. | in this study, we have used untargeted global metabolomic analysis to determine and compare the chemical nature of the metabolites altered during the infection of tomato plants (cv. ailsa craig) with botrytis cinerea (bot) or pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst), pathogens that have different invasion mechanisms and lifestyles. we also obtained the metabolome of tomato plants primed using the natural resistance inducer hexanoic acid and then infected with these pathogens. by contrasting ... | 2015 | 26270176 |
| rapid and efficient genome-wide characterization of xanthomonas tal effector genes. | xanthomonas tale transcriptional activators act as virulence or avirulence factors by activating host disease susceptibility or resistance genes. their specificity is determined by a tandem repeat domain. some xanthomonas pathogens contain 10-30 tales per strain. although tales play critical roles in pathogenesis, their studies have so far been limited to a few examples, due to their highly repetitive gene structure and extreme similarity among different members, which constrict sequencing and a ... | 2015 | 26271455 |
| phage φpan70, a putative temperate phage, controls pseudomonas aeruginosa in planktonic, biofilm and burn mouse model assays. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the multi-drug-resistant organisms most frequently isolated worldwide and, because of a shortage of new antibiotics, bacteriophages are considered an alternative for its treatment. previously, p. aeruginosa phages were isolated and best candidates were chosen based on their ability to form clear plaques and their host range. this work aimed to characterize one of those phages, φpan70, preliminarily identified as a good candidate for phage-therapy. we performed in ... | 2015 | 26274971 |
| evolutionary patchwork of an insecticidal toxin shared between plant-associated pseudomonads and the insect pathogens photorhabdus and xenorhabdus. | root-colonizing fluorescent pseudomonads are known for their excellent abilities to protect plants against soil-borne fungal pathogens. some of these bacteria produce an insecticidal toxin (fit) suggesting that they may exploit insect hosts as a secondary niche. however, the ecological relevance of insect toxicity and the mechanisms driving the evolution of toxin production remain puzzling. | 2015 | 26275815 |
| the plant peptidome: an expanding repertoire of structural features and biological functions. | peptides fulfill a plethora of functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses. they act as key components of cell-to-cell communication, interfere with signaling and response pathways, or display antimicrobial activity. strikingly, both the diversity and amount of plant peptides have been largely underestimated. most characterized plant peptides to date acting as small signaling peptides or antimicrobial peptides are derived from nonfunctional precursor proteins. however, evidence ... | 2015 | 26276833 |
| living to die and dying to live: the survival strategy behind leaf senescence. | senescence represents the final developmental act of the leaf, during which the leaf cell is dismantled in a coordinated manner to remobilize nutrients and to secure reproductive success. the process of senescence provides the plant with phenotypic plasticity to help it adapt to adverse environmental conditions. here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the factors and mechanisms that control the onset of senescence. we explain how the competence to senesce is established during leaf developm ... | 2015 | 26276844 |
| biocontrol mechanism by root-associated bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 - a review. | bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum fzb42 is a gram-positive model bacterium for unraveling plant-microbe interactions in bacilli. in addition, fzb42 is used commercially as biofertilizer and biocontrol agent in agriculture. genome analysis of fzb42 revealed that nearly 10% of the fzb42 genome is devoted to synthesizing antimicrobial metabolites and their corresponding immunity genes. however, recent investigations in planta demonstrated that - except surfactin - the amount of such compo ... | 2015 | 26284057 |
| p5cdh affects the pathways contributing to pro synthesis after prodh activation by biotic and abiotic stress conditions. | plants facing adverse conditions usually alter proline (pro) metabolism, generating changes that help restore the cellular homeostasis. these organisms synthesize pro from glutamate (glu) or ornithine (orn) by two-step reactions that share δ(1) pyrroline-5-carboxylate (p5c) as intermediate. in the catabolic process, pro is converted back to glu using a different pathway that involves pro dehydrogenase (prodh), p5c dehydrogenase (p5cdh), and p5c as intermediate. little is known about the coordina ... | 2015 | 26284090 |
| the battle in the apoplast: further insights into the roles of proteases and their inhibitors in plant-pathogen interactions. | upon host penetration, fungal pathogens secrete a plethora of effectors to promote disease, including proteases that degrade plant antimicrobial proteins, and protease inhibitors (pis) that inhibit plant proteases with antimicrobial activity. conversely, plants secrete proteases and pis to protect themselves against pathogens or to mediate recognition of pathogen proteases and pis, which leads to induction of defense responses. many examples of proteases and pis mediating effector-triggered immu ... | 2015 | 26284100 |
| the xanthomonas effector xopj triggers a conditional hypersensitive response upon treatment of n. benthamiana leaves with salicylic acid. | xopj is a xanthomonas type iii effector protein that promotes bacterial virulence on susceptible pepper plants through the inhibition of the host cell proteasome and a resultant suppression of salicylic acid (sa) - dependent defense responses. we show here that nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently expressing xopj display hypersensitive response (hr) -like symptoms when exogenously treated with sa. this apparent avirulence function of xopj was further dependent on effector myristoylation as w ... | 2015 | 26284106 |
| reinvigorating natural product combinatorial biosynthesis with synthetic biology. | natural products continue to play a pivotal role in drug-discovery efforts and in the understanding if human health. the ability to extend nature's chemistry through combinatorial biosynthesis--altering functional groups, regiochemistry and scaffold backbones through the manipulation of biosynthetic enzymes--offers unique opportunities to create natural product analogs. incorporating emerging synthetic biology techniques has the potential to further accelerate the refinement of combinatorial bio ... | 2015 | 26284672 |
| contribution of the non-effector members of the hrpl regulon, iaal and mate, to the virulence of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 in tomato plants. | the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) is widely distributed among plant-associated bacteria. certain strains of the pseudomonas syringae complex can further metabolize iaa into a less biologically active amino acid conjugate, 3-indole-acetyl-ε-l-lysine, through the action of the iaal gene. in p. syringae and pseudomonas savastanoi strains, the iaal gene is found in synteny with an upstream gene, here called mate, encoding a putative mate family transporter. in p. syringae pv. tomato (pto) ... | 2015 | 26285820 |
| assessing the genetic diversity of cu resistance in mine tailings through high-throughput recovery of full-length copa genes. | characterizing the genetic diversity of microbial copper (cu) resistance at the community level remains challenging, mainly due to the polymorphism of the core functional gene copa. in this study, a local blastn method using a copa database built in this study was developed to recover full-length putative copa sequences from an assembled tailings metagenome; these sequences were then screened for potentially functioning copa using conserved metal-binding motifs, inferred by evolutionary trace an ... | 2015 | 26286020 |
| site-directed mutagenesis shows the significance of interactions with phospholipids and the g-protein osychf1 for the physiological functions of the rice gtpase-activating protein 1 (osgap1). | the c2 domain is one of the most diverse phospholipid-binding domains mediating cellular signaling. one group of c2-domain proteins are plant-specific and are characterized by their small sizes and simple structures. we have previously reported that a member of this group, osgap1, is able to alleviate salt stress and stimulate defense responses, and bind to both phospholipids and an unconventional g-protein, osychf1. here we solved the crystal structure of osgap1 to a resolution of 1.63 å. using ... | 2015 | 26286751 |
| antimicrobial resistance of pseudomonas spp. isolated from wastewater and wastewater-impacted marine coastal zone. | in this study, species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of cultivated pseudomonas spp. were studied in influent (inf), effluent (eff), and marine outfall (mout) of wastewater treatment plant (wwtp). the susceptibility was tested against 8 antimicrobial classes, active against pseudomonas spp.: aminoglycosides, carbapenems, broad-spectrum cephalosporins from the 3rd and 4th generation, extended-spectrum penicillins, as well as their combination with the β-lactamase inhibitors, monoba ... | 2015 | 26286796 |
| disease resistance gene analogs (rgas) in plants. | plants have developed effective mechanisms to recognize and respond to infections caused by pathogens. plant resistance gene analogs (rgas), as resistance (r) gene candidates, have conserved domains and motifs that play specific roles in pathogens' resistance. well-known rgas are nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeats, receptor like kinases, and receptor like proteins. others include pentatricopeptide repeats and apoplastic peroxidases. rgas can be detected using bioinformatics tools based ... | 2015 | 26287177 |
| current and prospective methods for plant disease detection. | food losses due to crop infections from pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi are persistent issues in agriculture for centuries across the globe. in order to minimize the disease induced damage in crops during growth, harvest and postharvest processing, as well as to maximize productivity and ensure agricultural sustainability, advanced disease detection and prevention in crops are imperative. this paper reviews the direct and indirect disease identification methods currently used in ag ... | 2015 | 26287253 |
| assembly and analysis of differential transcriptome responses of hevea brasiliensis on interaction with microcyclus ulei. | natural rubber (hevea brasiliensis) is a tropical tree used commercially for the production of latex, from which 40,000 products are generated. the fungus microcyclus ulei infects this tree, causing south american leaf blight (salb) disease. this disease causes developmental delays and significant crop losses, thereby decreasing the production of latex. currently several groups are working on obtaining clones of rubber tree with durable resistance to salb through the use of extensive molecular b ... | 2015 | 26287380 |
| candidate resistant genes of sand pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) to alternaria alternata revealed by transcriptome sequencing. | pear black spot (pbs) disease, which is caused by alternaria alternata (aa), is one of the most serious diseases affecting sand pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) cultivation worldwide. to investigate the defense mechanisms of sand pear in response to aa, the transcriptome of a sand pear germplasm with differential resistance to aa was analyzed using illumina paired-end sequencing. four libraries derived from pbs-resistant and pbs-susceptible sand pear leaves were characterized through inoculation or ... | 2015 | 26292286 |
| fleq coordinates flagellum-dependent and -independent motilities in pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. | motility plays an essential role in bacterial fitness and colonization in the plant environment, since it favors nutrient acquisition and avoidance of toxic substances, successful competition with other microorganisms, the ability to locate the preferred hosts, access to optimal sites within them, and dispersal in the environment during the course of transmission. in this work, we have observed that the mutation of the flagellar master regulatory gene, fleq, alters bacterial surface motility and ... | 2015 | 26296726 |
| substrate-guided optimization of the syringolins yields potent proteasome inhibitors with activity against leukemia cell lines. | natural products that inhibit the proteasome have been fruitful starting points for the development of drug candidates. those of the syringolin family have been underexploited in this context. using the published model for substrate mimicry by the syringolins and knowledge about the substrate preferences of the proteolytic subunits of the human proteasome, we have designed, synthesized, and evaluated syringolin analogs. as some of our analogs inhibit the activity of the proteasome with second-or ... | 2015 | 26296913 |
| optimal level of purple acid phosphatase5 is required for maintaining complete resistance to pseudomonas syringae. | plants possess an exceedingly complex innate immune system to defend against most pathogens. however, a relative proportion of the pathogens overcome host's innate immunity and impair plant growth and productivity. we previously showed that mutation in purple acid phosphatase (pap5) lead to enhanced susceptibility of arabidopsis to the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst dc3000). here, we report that an optimal level of pap5 is crucial for mounting complete basal resis ... | 2015 | 26300891 |
| using the pathogen-host interactions database (phi-base) to investigate plant pathogen genomes and genes implicated in virulence. | new pathogen-host interaction mechanisms can be revealed by integrating mutant phenotype data with genetic information. phi-base is a multi-species manually curated database combining peer-reviewed published phenotype data from plant and animal pathogens and gene/protein information in a single database. | 2015 | 26300902 |
| genome-wide identification of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) histone modification gene families and their expression analysis during the fruit development and fruit-blue mold infection process. | in eukaryotes, histone acetylation and methylation have been known to be involved in regulating diverse developmental processes and plant defense. these histone modification events are controlled by a series of histone modification gene families. to date, there is no study regarding genome-wide characterization of histone modification related genes in citrus species. based on the two recent sequenced sweet orange genome databases, a total of 136 cshms (citrus sinensis histone modification genes) ... | 2015 | 26300904 |
| metabolic footprint of epiphytic bacteria on arabidopsis thaliana leaves. | the phyllosphere, which is defined as the parts of terrestrial plants above the ground, is a large habitat for different microorganisms that show a high extent of adaption to their environment. a number of hypotheses were generated by culture-independent functional genomics studies to explain the competitiveness of specialized bacteria in the phyllosphere. in contrast, in situ data at the metabolome level as a function of bacterial colonization are lacking. here, we aimed to obtain new insights ... | 2016 | 26305156 |
| profile of xinnian dong. | 2015 | 26305971 | |
| the potato nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (nlr) immune receptor rx1 is a pathogen-dependent dna-deforming protein. | plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (nlr) proteins enable cells to respond to pathogen attack. several nlrs act in the nucleus; however, conserved nuclear targets that support their role in immunity are unknown. previously, we noted a structural homology between the nucleotide-binding domain of nlrs and dna replication origin-binding cdc6/orc1 proteins. here we show that the nb-arc (nucleotide-binding, apaf-1, r-proteins, and ced-4) domain of the rx1 nlr of potato binds nucleic acids. r ... | 2015 | 26306038 |
| the proteome of the outer membrane vesicles of an antarctic bacterium pseudomonas syringae lz4w. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) of gram-negative bacteria are released during all growth phases and play an important role in bacterial physiology. they consist of lipids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides and other molecules. the omvs of the antarctic bacterium pseudomonas syringae lz 4w were isolated and identified their proteins. the mass spectral data set deposited with pride, accession number pxd 000221 is presented in this report. the proteins identified from the omvs of p. syringae lz4w, data ... | 2015 | 26306312 |
| suppression of different classes of somatic mutations in arabidopsis by vir gene-expressing agrobacterium strains. | agrobacterium infection, which is widely used to generate transgenic plants, is often accompanied by t-dna-linked mutations and transpositions in flowering plants. it is not known if agrobacterium infection also affects the rates of point mutations, somatic homologous recombinations (shr) and frame-shift mutations (fsm). we examined the effects of agrobacterium infection on five types of somatic mutations using a set of mutation detector lines of arabidopsis thaliana. to verify the effect of sec ... | 2015 | 26307100 |
| antibacterial activity of caffeine against plant pathogenic bacteria. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of a plant secondary metabolite - caffeine. caffeine is present in over 100 plant species. antibacterial activity of caffeine was examined against the following plant-pathogenic bacteria: ralstonia solanacearum (rsol), clavibacter michiganesis subsp. sepedonicus (cms), dickeya solani (dsol), pectobacterium atrosepticum (pba), pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc), pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst), ... | 2015 | 26307771 |
| the arabidopsis immune regulator srfr1 dampens defences against herbivory by spodoptera exigua and parasitism by heterodera schachtii. | plants have developed diverse mechanisms to fine tune defence responses to different types of enemy. cross-regulation between signalling pathways may allow the prioritization of one response over another. previously, we identified suppressor of rps4-rld1 (srfr1) as a negative regulator of enhanced disease susceptibility1 (eds1)-dependent effector-triggered immunity against the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000 expressing avrrps4. the use of multiple stresses is a p ... | 2016 | 26310916 |
| genome-wide identification and validation of reference genes in infected tomato leaves for quantitative rt-pcr analyses. | the gram-negative bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (xcv) causes bacterial spot disease of pepper and tomato by direct translocation of type iii effector proteins into the plant cell cytosol. once in the plant cell the effectors interfere with host cell processes and manipulate the plant transcriptome. quantitative rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) is usually the method of choice to analyze transcriptional changes of selected plant genes. reliable results depend, however, on measuring stably expre ... | 2015 | 26313760 |
| bioinformatics analysis of the complete genome sequence of the mango tree pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae umaf0158 reveals traits relevant to virulence and epiphytic lifestyle. | the genome sequence of more than 100 pseudomonas syringae strains has been sequenced to date; however only few of them have been fully assembled, including p. syringae pv. syringae b728a. different strains of pv. syringae cause different diseases and have different host specificities; so, umaf0158 is a p. syringae pv. syringae strain related to b728a but instead of being a bean pathogen it causes apical necrosis of mango trees, and the two strains belong to different phylotypes of pv.syringae an ... | 2015 | 26313942 |
| cellular signaling pathways and posttranslational modifications mediated by nematode effector proteins. | plant-parasitic cyst and root-knot nematodes synthesize and secrete a suite of effector proteins into infected host cells and tissues. these effectors are the major virulence determinants mediating the transformation of normal root cells into specialized feeding structures. compelling evidence indicates that these effectors directly hijack or manipulate refined host physiological processes to promote the successful parasitism of host plants. here, we provide an update on recent progress in eluci ... | 2015 | 26315856 |
| host cell-catalyzed s-palmitoylation mediates golgi targeting of the legionella ubiquitin ligase gobx. | the facultative intracellular pathogen legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of legionnaires disease, infects and replicates within human alveolar macrophages. l. pneumophila delivers almost 300 effector proteins into the besieged host cell that alter signaling cascades and create conditions that favor intracellular bacterial survival. in order for the effectors to accomplish their intracellular mission, their activity needs to be specifically directed toward the correct host cell protein ... | 2015 | 26316537 |
| the activation of phytophthora effector avr3b by plant cyclophilin is required for the nudix hydrolase activity of avr3b. | plant pathogens secrete an arsenal of effector proteins to impair host immunity. some effectors possess enzymatic activities that can modify their host targets. previously, we demonstrated that a phytophthora sojae rxlr effector avr3b acts as a nudix hydrolase when expressed in planta; and this enzymatic activity is required for full virulence of p. sojae strain p6497 in soybean (glycine max). interestingly, recombinant avr3b produced by e. coli does not have the hydrolase activity unless it was ... | 2015 | 26317500 |
| the ring e3 ligase keep on going modulates jasmonate zim-domain12 stability. | jasmonate (ja) signaling in plants is mediated by the jasmonate zim-domain (jaz) proteins that repress the activity of several transcription factors regulating ja-inducible gene expression. the hormone ja-isoleucine triggers the interaction of jaz repressor proteins with the f-box protein coronatine insensitive1 (coi1), part of an s-phase kinase-associated protein1/cullin1/f-box protein coi1 (scf(coi1)) e3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and their degradation by the 26s proteasome. in arabidopsis (ara ... | 2015 | 26320228 |
| differential function of arabidopsis serk family receptor-like kinases in stomatal patterning. | plants use cell-surface-resident receptor-like kinases (rlks) to sense diverse extrinsic and intrinsic cues and elicit distinct biological responses. in arabidopsis, erecta family rlks recognize epidermal patterning factors (epfs) to specify stomatal patterning. however, little is known about the molecular link between erecta activation and intracellular signaling. we report here that the somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (serk) family rlks regulate stomatal patterning downstream of epf liga ... | 2015 | 26320950 |
| apoplastic interactions between plants and plant root intruders. | numerous pathogenic or parasitic organisms attack plant roots to obtain nutrients, and the apoplast including the plant cell wall is where the plant cell meets such organisms. root parasitic angiosperms and nematodes are two distinct types of plant root parasites but share some common features in their strategies for breaking into plant roots. striga and orobanche are obligate root parasitic angiosperms that cause devastating agricultural problems worldwide. parasitic plants form an invasion org ... | 2015 | 26322059 |
| transcriptional profiling unravels potential metabolic activities of the olive leaf non-glandular trichome. | the olive leaf trichomes are multicellular peltate hairs densely distributed mainly at the lower leaf epidermis. although, non-glandular, they have gained much attention since they significantly contribute to abiotic and biotic stress tolerance of olive leaves. the exact mechanisms by which olive trichomes achieve these goals are not fully understood. they could act as mechanical barrier but they also accumulate high amounts of flavonoids among other secondary metabolites. however, little is cur ... | 2015 | 26322070 |
| systemic above- and belowground cross talk: hormone-based responses triggered by heterodera schachtii and shoot herbivores in arabidopsis thaliana. | above- and belowground plant parts are simultaneously attacked by different pests and pathogens. the host mediates these interactions and physiologically reacts, e.g. with local and systemic alterations of endogenous hormone levels coupled with coordinated transcriptional changes. this in turn affects attractiveness and susceptibility of the plant to subsequent attackers. here, the model plant arabidopsis thaliana is used to study stress hormone-based systemic responses triggered by simultaneous ... | 2015 | 26324462 |
| the identification of genes important in pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola plant colonisation using in vitro screening of transposon libraries. | the bacterial plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (pph) colonises the surface of common bean plants before moving into the interior of plant tissue, via wounds and stomata. in the intercellular spaces the pathogen proliferates in the apoplastic fluid and forms microcolonies (biofilms) around plant cells. if the pathogen can suppress the plant's natural resistance response, it will cause halo blight disease. the process of resistance suppression is fairly well understood, but the ... | 2015 | 26325299 |
| large scale transcriptome analysis reveals interplay between development of forest trees and a beneficial mycorrhiza helper bacterium. | pedunculate oak, quercus robur is an abundant forest tree species that hosts a large and diverse community of beneficial ectomycorrhizal fungi (emfs), whereby ectomycorrhiza (em) formation is stimulated by mycorrhiza helper bacteria such as streptomyces sp. ach 505. oaks typically grow rhythmically, with alternating root flushes (rfs) and shoot flushes (sfs). we explored the poorly understood mechanisms by which oaks integrate signals induced by their beneficial microbes and endogenous rhythmic ... | 2015 | 26328611 |
| conserved biosynthetic pathways for phosalacine, bialaphos and newly discovered phosphonic acid natural products. | natural products containing phosphonic or phosphinic acid functionalities often display potent biological activities with applications in medicine and agriculture. the herbicide phosphinothricin-tripeptide (ptt) was the first phosphinate natural product discovered, yet despite numerous studies, questions remain surrounding key transformations required for its biosynthesis. in particular, the enzymology required to convert phosphonoformate to carboxyphosphonoenolpyruvate and the mechanisms underl ... | 2015 | 26328935 |
| conserved biosynthetic pathways for phosalacine, bialaphos and newly discovered phosphonic acid natural products. | natural products containing phosphonic or phosphinic acid functionalities often display potent biological activities with applications in medicine and agriculture. the herbicide phosphinothricin-tripeptide (ptt) was the first phosphinate natural product discovered, yet despite numerous studies, questions remain surrounding key transformations required for its biosynthesis. in particular, the enzymology required to convert phosphonoformate to carboxyphosphonoenolpyruvate and the mechanisms underl ... | 2015 | 26328935 |
| comparative effectiveness of potential elicitors of plant resistance against spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in four crop plants. | feeding by insect herbivores activates plant signaling pathways, resulting in the enhanced production of secondary metabolites and other resistance-related traits by injured plants. these traits can reduce insect fitness, deter feeding, and attract beneficial insects. organic and inorganic chemicals applied as a foliar spray, seed treatment, or soil drench can activate these plant responses. azelaic acid (aa), benzothiadiazole (bth), gibberellic acid (ga), harpin, and jasmonic acid (ja) are thou ... | 2015 | 26332833 |
| phytophthora infestans rxlr effector avr1 interacts with exocyst component sec5 to manipulate plant immunity. | phytophthora infestans secretes numerous rxlr effectors that modulate host defense and thereby pave the way for successful invasion. here, we show that the rxlr effector avr1 is a virulence factor that promotes colonization and suppresses callose deposition, a hallmark of basal defense. to identify host targets of avr1, we performed yeast two-hybrid screens and selected sec5 as a candidate. sec5 is a subunit of the exocyst, a protein complex that is involved in vesicle trafficking. avr1-like (a- ... | 2015 | 26336092 |
| extracellular polysaccharides from ascomycota and basidiomycota: production conditions, biochemical characteristics, and biological properties. | fungal polysaccharides (pss) are the subject of research in many fields of science and industry. many properties of pss have already been confirmed and the list of postulated functions continues to grow. fungal pss are classified into different groups according to systematic affinity, structure (linear and branched), sugar composition (homo- and heteropolysaccharides), type of bonds between the monomers (β-(1 → 3), β-(1 → 6), and α-(1 → 3)) and their location in the cell (cell wall pss, exopss, ... | 2015 | 26340934 |
| focus on ethylene. | 2015 | 26342109 | |
| molecular insights into cold active polygalacturonase enzyme for its potential application in food processing. | pectin is a complex structural heteropolysaccharide that require numerous pectinolytic enzymes for its complete degradation. polygalacturonase from mesophilic or thermophilic origin are being widely used in fruit and vegetable processing in the recent decades to degrade pectic substances. recently cold active pectinases are finding added advantages over meso and thermophilic counterparts, to use in industrial scale particularly in food processing industry. they facilitate in conservation of seve ... | 2014 | 26344963 |
| molecular insights into cold active polygalacturonase enzyme for its potential application in food processing. | pectin is a complex structural heteropolysaccharide that require numerous pectinolytic enzymes for its complete degradation. polygalacturonase from mesophilic or thermophilic origin are being widely used in fruit and vegetable processing in the recent decades to degrade pectic substances. recently cold active pectinases are finding added advantages over meso and thermophilic counterparts, to use in industrial scale particularly in food processing industry. they facilitate in conservation of seve ... | 2014 | 26344963 |
| identification of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains causing bacterial canker of kiwifruit in the anhui province of china, and determination of their streptomycin sensitivities. | bacterial canker, caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, is one of the most severe diseases of kiwifruit. it has become an international pandemic and threatens the sustainable development of kiwifruit production in all main kiwi-growing regions worldwide. streptomycin has been the major bactericide for the control of kiwifruit canker, especially in anhui province, one of the main kiwifruit production regions in china. however, until now, no studies on the baseline sensitivity to streptom ... | 2015 | 26345745 |
| connecting proline metabolism and signaling pathways in plant senescence. | the amino acid proline has a unique biological role in stress adaptation. proline metabolism is manipulated under stress by multiple and complex regulatory pathways and can profoundly influence cell death and survival in microorganisms, plants, and animals. though the effects of proline are mediated by diverse signaling pathways, a common theme appears to be the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) due to proline oxidation being coupled to the respiratory electron transport chain. conside ... | 2015 | 26347750 |
| impact of hormonal crosstalk on plant resistance and fitness under multi-attacker conditions. | the hormone salicylic acid (sa) generally induces plant defenses against biotrophic pathogens. jasmonic acid (ja) and its oxylipin derivatives together with ethylene (et) are generally important hormonal regulators of induced plant defenses against necrotrophic pathogens, whereas jas together with abscisic acid (aba) are implicated in induced plant defenses against herbivorous insects. hormonal crosstalk between the different plant defense pathways has often been hypothesized to be a cost-saving ... | 2015 | 26347758 |
| the dynamics of apoplast phenolics in tobacco leaves following inoculation with bacteria. | this study demonstrates that the accumulation of apoplastic phenolics is stimulated in planta in response to bacterial inoculation. past studies have shown that levels of extracellular phenolics are elicited in plant cell suspensions in response to bacteria, and that tomato plants infected with viroids showed changes in apoplastic phenolics. the method described here monitored changes in apoplastic phenolics in tobacco leaves following bacterial inoculation of the same tissue. inoculation with a ... | 2015 | 26347765 |
| phytotoxin coronatine enhances heat tolerance via maintaining photosynthetic performance in wheat based on electrophoresis and tof-ms analysis. | coronatine (cor) is a phytotoxin produced by pseudomonas syringae. its structure is similar to jasmonates, which play a number of diverse roles in plant defense. both have the coi1 plant receptor, so coronatine can manipulate plant hormone signaling to access nutrients and counteract defense responses. in addition to the hormone system, coronatine affects plant nitrogenous metabolism and chloroplast ultrastructure. in this study, we first examined a typical nitrogen-losing phenotype, and used th ... | 2015 | 26347991 |
| phytophthora infestans rxlr-wy effector avr3a associates with dynamin-related protein 2 required for endocytosis of the plant pattern recognition receptor fls2. | pathogens utilize effectors to suppress basal plant defense known as pti (pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity). however, our knowledge of pti suppression by filamentous plant pathogens, i.e. fungi and oomycetes, remains fragmentary. previous work revealed that the co-receptor bak1/serk3 contributes to basal immunity against the potato pathogen phytophthora infestans. moreover bak1/serk3 is required for the cell death induced by p. infestans elicitin inf1, a protein with char ... | 2015 | 26348328 |