Publications

temporal and spatial variation in anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in swedish moose (alces alces).	the occurrence of anaplasma phagocytophilum was investigated in spleen and serum samples from swedish moose (alces alces) in southern sweden (island and mainland). samples were analysed for presence of a. phagocytophilum dna by real-time pcr (n = 263), and for anaplasma antibodies with elisa serology (n = 234). all serum samples had antibodies against a. phagocytophilum. the mean dna-based prevalence was 26·3%, and significant (p < 0·01) temporal, and spatial variation was found. island moose ha ...	2013	24001524
effects of pro12ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 gene on metabolic syndrome risk: a meta-analysis.	associations between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (pparγ2) gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome risk remained controversial and ambiguous. thus, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between pro12ala polymorphism in pparγ2 gene and metabolic syndrome susceptibility.	2014	24012868
prevalence of human papillomavirus in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue. a meta-analysis of observational studies.	the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is controversial, and conflicting results have been published. we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of hpv in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue.	2014	24033121
modeling seasonal behavior changes and disease transmission with application to chronic wasting disease.	behavior and habitat of wildlife animals change seasonally according to environmental conditions. mathematical models need to represent this seasonality to be able to make realistic predictions about the future of a population and the effectiveness of human interventions. managing and modeling disease in wild animal populations requires particular care in that disease transmission dynamics is a critical consideration in the etiology of both human and animal diseases, with different transmission ...	2014	24035840
systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.	a substantial proportion of patients with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (raaa) die outside hospital. the objective of this study was to estimate the total mortality, including prehospital deaths, of patients with raaa.	2013	24037558
interleukin-1α -899 (+4845) c→t polymorphism increases the risk of chronic periodontitis: evidence from a meta-analysis of 23 case-control studies.	many epidemiological studies have indicated that interleukin-1α (il-1α) -899 (+4845) c→t polymorphism increases the risk of chronic periodontitis (cp), whereas some studies have reported opposite results. accordingly, the aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the association of the il-1α -899 (+4845) c→t polymorphism with cp. we searched the pubmed database up to may 1, 2013 and finally obtained 23 case-control studies. after data extraction, we performed meta-analysis using comprehensive ...	2013	24060296
moose body mass variation revisited: disentangling effects of environmental conditions and genetics.	large-scale geographical variation in phenotypic traits within species is often correlated to local environmental conditions and population density. such phenotypic variation has recently been shown to also be influenced by genetic structuring of populations. in ungulates, large-scale geographical variation in phenotypic traits, such as body mass, has been related to environmental conditions and population density, but little is known about the genetic influences. research on the genetic structu ...	2014	24091427
pioglitazone prescription increases risk of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis.	pioglitazone is widely used for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but evidence regarding the association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk is confusing. a systematic search of databases was carried out, and other relevant papers were also identified. then, the analyses were conducted according to the prisma and moose guidelines. after quality assessment, nine datasets from 10 available studies were included on the basis of inclusion criteria. the incidence of ...	2014	24092576
the epidemiology and burden of copd in latin america and the caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis.	abstract background: in the developing world, copd continues to be an under studied, diagnosed and treated disorder. in the present study, we analyzed the prevalence, mortality and resource utilization of copd in latin america and the caribbean (lac) in order to guide future research and public policies.	2014	24111903
moose (alces alces) reacts to high summer temperatures by utilizing thermal shelters in boreal forests - an analysis based on airborne laser scanning of the canopy structure at moose locations.	the adaptation of different species to warming temperatures has been increasingly studied. moose (alces alces) is the largest of the ungulate species occupying the northern latitudes across the globe, and in finland it is the most important game species. it is very well adapted to severe cold temperatures, but has a relatively low tolerance to warm temperatures. previous studies have documented changes in habitat use by moose due to high temperatures. in many of these studies, the used areas hav ...	2014	24115403
consumption of lead-shot cervid meat and blood lead concentrations in a group of adult norwegians.	several recent investigations have reported high concentrations of lead in samples of minced cervid meat. this paper describes findings from a norwegian study performed in 2012 among 147 adults with a wide range of cervid game consumption. the main aim was to assess whether high consumption of lead-shot cervid meat is associated with increased concentration of lead in blood. a second aim was to investigate to what extent factors apart from game consumption explain observed variability in blood l ...	2013	24119336
salt licks do not increase local densities of the deer ked, lipoptena cervi, an abundant ectoparasite of cervids.	the deer ked, lipoptena cervi (diptera: hippoboscidae), is a common ectoparasite of the moose, alces alces (artiodactyla: cervidae). salt licks are widely used to manipulate moose movements to prevent damage to saplings and traffic accidents. they may cause moose to gather in small areas, which could create aggregates of deer ked pupae as the parasite is a short-distance flyer and its dispersion depends on its hosts. we investigated whether the population density of flying deer keds could be inf ...	2014	24131141
does obesity affect the surgical outcome and complication rates of spinal surgery? a meta-analysis.	as obesity becomes more prevalent, it becomes more common among patients considering orthopaedic surgery, including spinal surgery. however, there is some controversy regarding whether obesity is associated with complications, failed reconstructions, or reoperations after spinal surgery.	2014	24146361
prevalence and geographic distribution of canine and feline blastomycosis in the canadian prairies.	this retrospective study reports patient signalment, method of diagnosis and geographic distribution, and examines trends in prevalence and seasonal distribution of blastomycosis cases submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in saskatchewan over a 21-year period. of the 143 cases that originated from saskatchewan and manitoba 137 were from canine and 6 from feline patients. signalment was similar to that previously reported. all cases originated in southern saskatchewan and manitoba, pri ...	2013	24155475
first reports of pseudorabies and winter ticks (dermacentor albipictus) associated with an emerging feral swine (sus scrofa) population in new hampshire.	the expansion of feral swine (sus scrofa) populations into new geographic regions is of concern not only due to increased range but also because they carry diseases and parasites that pose a threat to humans, livestock, and wildlife into new areas. recently, emerging feral swine populations have been reported in the northeastern us and due to their adaptive nature will likely continue to spread. during 2009-2012, 49 feral swine were removed from three counties in new hampshire. of these, serum s ...	2014	24171577
biomass flow and scavengers use of carcasses after re-colonization of an apex predator.	reestablishment of apex predators influences the availability and distribution of biomass for scavengers and can therefore be an important agent for structuring species communities. we studied how the re-colonization of the scandinavian peninsula by wolves (canis lupus) affected the amount and temporal variation in use of moose (alces alces) carcasses.	2013	24194881
the global epidemiology and contribution of cannabis use and dependence to the global burden of disease: results from the gbd 2010 study.	estimate the prevalence of cannabis dependence and its contribution to the global burden of disease.	2013	24204649
maxillofacial injuries in moose-motor vehicle collisions versus other high-speed motor vehicle collisions.	anecdotal experience has suggested that there is a higher frequency of maxillofacial injuries among motor vehicle collisions involving moose.	2005	24227930
sarcocystis species in red deer revisited: with a re-description of two known species as sarcocystis elongata n. sp. and sarcocystis truncata n. sp. based on mitochondrial cox1 sequences.	in a previous investigation, five sarcocystis species were described from norwegian red deer and believed to be conspecific with species occurring in either reindeer or moose based on sarcocyst morphology and nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal dna unit. the aim of the present study was to characterize numerous isolates of these sarcocyst types at the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (cox1) in order to corroborate or refute previous species designations of sarcocystis ...	2014	24230915
complex patterns of population genetic structure of moose, alces alces, after recent spatial expansion in poland revealed by sex-linked markers.	in recent years, human activity directly and indirectly influenced the demography of moose in poland. the species was close to extinction, and only a few isolated populations survived after the second world war; then, unprecedented demographic and spatial expansions had occurred, possibly generating a very complex pattern of population genetic structure at the present-day margins of the species range in poland. over 370 moose from seven populations were collected from poland, and partial sequenc ...	2013	24244040
fast and efficient dna-based method for winter diet analysis from stools of three cervids: moose, red deer, and roe deer.	effects of cervid browsing on timber production, especially during winter, lead to economic losses in forest management. the aim of this study was to present an efficient dna-based method which allows qualitative assessment of the winter diet from stools of moose (alces alces), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), and red deer (cervus elaphus). the preliminary results of the diet composition of the three cervids from poland were also presented with a special emphasis on moose. the electropherograms o ...	2013	24244041
multivariate study of moose browsing in relation to phenol pattern in pine needles.	extracts of needles from scots pine,pinus sylvestris l., grown on fertile (a) or poor (b) soil, and from lodgepole pine,p. contorta doug. (c), have been analyzed with hplc and uv detection. by application of multivariate analysis, the phenol pattern was shown to vary between species and between habitats. within groups a and b, moose food choice was highly correlated to phenol pattern. concentrations of most of the analyzed compounds were internally correlated. information related to pine growth ...	1992	24253873
(1s,2r,4s,5s)-angelicoidenol-2-o-β-d-glucopyranoside-a moose deterrent compound in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.).	hydrophilic extracts of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) twigs have been investigated for palatability to moose in feeding experiments. the predominant repellent effect was observed from the 2-o-β-d-glucopyranoside of the monoterpene (1s,2r,4s,5s)-angelicoidenol. of other isolated and tested substances, only taxifolin-3'-o-β-d-glucopyranoside had a deterring effect. one fraction-containing mainly aliphatic compounds-also had a strong effect, but the effect was lost after further fractionation. t ...	1992	24254781
umbilical cord coiling: clinical outcomes in an unselected population and systematic review.	this study was conducted to determine the frequency of pre-defined clinical outcomes in relation to umbilical cord coiling indices >90th percentile and <10th percentile in an unselected population of >1,000 women with a singleton pregnancy resulting in livebirth delivering at or near term and to report these findings in the context of a systematic review. placentas of consecutive deliveries from an unselected low-risk population with >15 cm attached umbilical cords were included in the study. cl ...	2014	24259031
decomposing risk: landscape structure and wolf behavior generate different predation patterns in two sympatric ungulates.	recolonizing carnivores can have a large impact on the status of wild ungulates, which have often modified their behavior in the absence of predation. therefore, understanding the dynamics of reestablished predator-prey systems is crucial to predict their potential ecosystem effects. we decomposed the spatial structure of predation by recolonizing wolves (canis lupus) on two sympatric ungulates, moose (alces alces) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus), in scandinavia during a 10-year study. we mon ...	2013	24261051
two-gene expression ratio as predictor for breast cancer treated with tamoxifen: evidence from meta-analysis.	a hoxb13-to-il17br expression ratio was previously identified to predict a clinical outcome of breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. a large number of studies were addressed to confirm its function as a predictor of breast cancer outcome treated with tamoxifen. however, conflicting results were got. in this study, a systematic search of databases was carried out, and other relevant papers were also identified. then, the analyses were conducted according to the prisma and moose ...	2014	24264313
impact of cesarean section on placental transfusion and iron-related hematological indices in term neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	evidence suggests that cesarean section is likely associated with a reduced placental transfusion and poor hematological status in neonates. however, clinical studies have reported somewhat inconsistent results. we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether cesarean section affects placental transfusion and iron-related hematological indices. pubmed, web of science, sciencedirect, and ovid databases were searched for relevant studies published before april 9, 2013. mean d ...	2014	24290868
novel hepatitis e like virus found in swedish moose.	a novel virus was detected in a sample collected from a swedish moose (alces alces). the virus was suggested as a member of the hepeviridae family, although it was found to be highly divergent from the known four genotypes (gt1-4) of hepatitis e virus (hev). moose are regularly hunted for consumption in the whole of scandinavia. thus, the finding of this virus may be important from several aspects: (a) as a new diverged hev in a new animal species, and (b) potential unexplored hev transmission p ...	2014	24296469
effects of inbreeding on fitness-related traits in a small isolated moose population.	inbreeding can affect fitness-related traits at different life history stages and may interact with environmental variation to induce even larger effects. we used genetic parentage assignment based on 22 microsatellite loci to determine a 25 year long pedigree for a newly established island population of moose with 20-40 reproducing individuals annually. we used the pedigree to calculate individual inbreeding coefficients and examined for effects of individual inbreeding (f) and heterozygosity o ...	2013	24324873
seasonal foraging ecology of non-migratory cougars in a system with migrating prey.	we tested for seasonal differences in cougar (puma concolor) foraging behaviors in the southern yellowstone ecosystem, a multi-prey system in which ungulate prey migrate, and cougars do not. we recorded 411 winter prey and 239 summer prey killed by 28 female and 10 male cougars, and an additional 37 prey items by unmarked cougars. deer composed 42.4% of summer cougar diets but only 7.2% of winter diets. males and females, however, selected different proportions of different prey; male cougars se ...	2013	24349498
detection of eastern equine encephalitis virus antibodies in moose (alces americana), maine, 2010.	moose sera were collected from harvested animals during the 2010 hunting season in maine. of the 145 serum samples screened by plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt), 16 (11%) had antibodies to eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev). positive samples were collected from aroostook county (n=13), somerset county (n=2), and piscataquis county (n=1) in northern and central maine. preliminary mosquito surveillance revealed the presence of enzootic and bridge vectors mosquitoes, including culis ...	2014	24359417
biomarkers of gluten sensitivity in patients with non-affective psychosis: a meta-analysis.	dohan first proposed that there may be an association between gluten sensitivity and schizophrenia in the 1950s. since then, this association has been measured using several different serum biomarkers of gluten sensitivity. at this point, it is unclear which serum biomarkers of gluten sensitivity are elevated in patients with schizophrenia. however, evidence suggests that the immune response in this group is different from the immune response to gluten found in patients with celiac disease.	2014	24368154
minimally invasive therapy for gynaecological symptoms related to a niche in the caesarean scar: a systematic review.	various therapies are currently used to treat symptoms related to the niche (an anechoic area) in the caesarean scar, in particular to treat abnormal uterine bleeding (aub).	2014	24373589
[a standardization study of meta-analyses on nephropathy published in chinese journals].	to evaluate the standardization of meta-analyses on nephropathy published in chinese journals.	2013	24378060
first report of taenia arctos (cestoda: taeniidae) from grizzly (ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears (ursus americanus) in north america.	the cestode taenia arctos was found at necropsy in the small intestine of a grizzly (ursus arctos horribilis) and a black bear (ursus americanus) from kananaskis country in southwestern alberta, canada. the autolysis of the tapeworm specimens precluded detailed morphological characterization of the parasites but molecular analysis based on mitochondrial dna cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene confirmed their identity as t. arctos. this is the first report of t. arctos from definitive hosts in no ...	2014	24382413
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibezo-p-dioxin exposure and prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.	to perform a meta-analysis of cohort studies and evaluate the association between exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and prostate cancer quantitatively.	2014	24461260
cause-specific mortality risk in alcohol use disorder treatment patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	alcohol use disorders (aud) are highly disabling. recent studies reported much higher relative risks for all-cause mortality in aud patients compared with earlier studies. systematic evidence regarding cause-specific mortality among aud patients has been unavailable to date.	2014	24513684
invasion rate of deer ked depends on spatiotemporal variation in host density.	invasive parasites are of great global concern. understanding the factors influencing the spread of invading pest species is a first step in developing effective countermeasures. growing empirical evidence suggests that spread rates are essentially influenced by spatiotemporal dynamics of host-parasite interactions, yet approaches modelling spread rate have typically assumed static environmental conditions. we analysed invasion history of the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) in finland with a diffusio ...	2014	24521661
surveillance for echinococcus canadensis genotypes in canadian ungulates.	the geographic and host distribution, prevalence and genotypes of echinococcus canadensis in wild ungulates in canada are described to better understand the significance for wildlife and public health. we observed e. canadensis in 10.5% (11/105) of wild elk (wapiti; cervus canadensis) in riding mountain national park, manitoba, examined at necropsy, over two consecutive years (2010-2011). molecular characterization of hydatid cyst material from these elk, as well as three other intermediate wild ...	2013	24533321
mercury in aquatic forage of large herbivores: impact of environmental conditions, assessment of health threats, and implications for transfer across ecosystem compartments.	mercury (hg) is a leading contaminant across u.s. water bodies, warranting concern for wildlife species that depend upon food from aquatic systems. the risk of hg toxicity to large herbivores is little understood, even though some large herbivores consume aquatic vascular plants (macrophytes) that may hyper-accumulate hg. we investigated whether total hg and methylmercury (mehg) in aquatic forage may be of concern to moose (alces alces) and beaver (castor canadensis) by measuring total hg and me ...	2014	24534700
morphological and molecular characteristics of four sarcocystis spp. in canadian moose (alces alces), including sarcocystis taeniata n. sp.	individual sarcocysts were isolated from fresh or alcohol-fixed muscle samples of two moose from alberta, canada, and examined by light (lm) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) and molecular methods, comprising polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing of the complete18s rrna gene and the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (cox1). by lm, four sarcocyst types were recognized, and the sequencing results showed that each type represented a distinct species, i.e. sarco ...	2014	24535735
cesarean section and placental disorders in subsequent pregnancies--a meta-analysis.	despite an increase in the number of cesarean deliveries conducted worldwide, meta-analyses on the long-term effect of cesarean section (cs) on subsequent placental disorders are sparse.	2014	24566357
crown-rump length discordance and adverse perinatal outcome in twin pregnancies: systematic review and meta-analysis.	the aim of this systematic review was to explore the relationship between crown-rump length (crl) discordance detected at 11-14 weeks of gestation and adverse outcome in twin pregnancy and to assess its predictive accuracy.	2014	24585501
intra- and interspecific differences in diet quality and composition in a large herbivore community.	species diversity in large herbivore communities is often explained by niche segregation allowed by differences in body mass and digestive morphophysiological features. based on large number of gut samples in fall and winter, we analysed the temporal dynamics of diet composition, quality and interspecific overlap of 4 coexisting mountain herbivores. we tested whether the relative consumption of grass and browse differed among species of different rumen types (moose-type and intermediate-type), w ...	2014	24586233
high-throughput dna sequencing of the ruminal bacteria from moose (alces alces) in vermont, alaska, and norway.	in the present study, the rumen bacteria of moose (alces alces) from three distinct geographic locations were investigated. moose are large, browsing ruminants in the deer family, which subsist on fibrous, woody browse, and aquatic plants. subspecies exist which are distinguished by differing body and antler size, and these are somewhat geographically isolated. seventeen rumen samples were collected from moose in vermont, alaska, and norway, and bacterial 16s ribosomal rna genes were sequenced u ...	2014	24595908
potential role of soil properties in the spread of cwd in western canada.	chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a horizontally transmissible prion disease of free ranging deer, elk and moose. recent experimental transmission studies indicate caribou are also susceptible to the disease. cwd is present in southeast alberta and southern saskatchewan. this cwd-endemic region is expanding, threatening manitoba and areas of northern alberta and saskatchewan, home to caribou. soil can serve as a stable reservoir for infectious prion proteins; prions bound to soil particles remain ...	2016	24618673
where wolves kill moose: the influence of prey life history dynamics on the landscape ecology of predation.	the landscape ecology of predation is well studied and known to be influenced by habitat heterogeneity. little attention has been given to how the influence of habitat heterogeneity on the landscape ecology of predation might be modulated by life history dynamics of prey in mammalian systems. we demonstrate how life history dynamics of moose (alces alces) contribute to landscape patterns in predation by wolves (canis lupus) in isle royale national park, lake superior, usa. we use pattern analysi ...	2014	24622241
congruence between preferred and actual place of death according to the presence of malignant or non-malignant disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	achieving congruence between preferred and actual place of death is increasingly being used as a quantifiable indicator of the effectiveness of palliative care services. current secular trends indicate a reversal of the institutionalisation of death, but this has been more pronounced in patients with malignant disease. as such, this study was conducted to evaluate whether the preservation of autonomy has been addressed equitably for cancer and non-cancer populations.	2013	24644562
benefits of migration in relation to nutritional condition and predation risk in a partially migratory moose population.	the costs and benefits of alternative migratory strategies are often framed in the context of top-down and bottom-up effects on individual fitness. this occurs because migration is considered a costly behavioral strategy that presumably confers explicit benefits to migrants in the form of either decreased predation risk (predation risk avoidance hypothesis) or increased nutrition (forage maturation hypothesis). to test these hypotheses, we studied a partially migratory moose (alces alces) popula ...	2014	24649661
detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in moose (alces alces): the first report in europe.	neospora caninum dubey, carpenter, speer, topper et uggla, 1988 is a protozoan parasite originally reported as a major cause of bovine abortions worldwide. it is documented that the parasite is widely spread among non-carnivorous cervids. the purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of n. caninum in moose (alces alces linnaeus). blood samples collected in 2010 and 2012 in the northeastern poland were tested for antibodies to n. caninum by agglutination test (nat), a commercial ...	2014	24684051
gamma-glutamyltransferase predicts increased risk of mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between gamma-glutamyltransferase (ggt) and mortality through a comprehensive analysis of existing evidence. pubmed, embase, chinese biomedical literature, and science citation index databases were electronically searched. studies were included if the study design was prospective and included reference and at-risk levels of ggt at baseline and mortality as a separate outcome. the quality of the studies included was assessed on the basis of ne ...	2014	24684379
meta-analysis of protocolized goal-directed hemodynamic optimization for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock in the emergency department.	to perform a meta-analysis identifying studies instituting protocolized hemodynamic optimization in the emergency department (ed) for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.	2014	24696750
neurobehavioral consequences of chronic intrauterine opioid exposure in infants and preschool children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	it is assumed within the accumulated literature that children born of pregnant opioid dependent mothers have impaired neurobehavioral function as a consequence of chronic intrauterine opioid use.	2014	24708875
mineral licks: motivational factors for visitation and accompanying disease risk at communal use sites of elk and deer.	free-ranging cervids acquire most of their essential minerals through forage consumption, though occasionally seek other sources to account for seasonal mineral deficiencies. mineral sources occur as natural geological deposits (i.e., licks) or as anthropogenic mineral supplements. in both scenarios, these sources commonly serve as focal sites for visitation. we monitored 11 licks in rocky mountain national park, north-central colorado, using trail cameras to quantify daily visitation indices (d ...	2014	24711146
partial migration and transient coexistence of migrants and residents in animal populations.	partial migration, whereby a proportion of the population migrates, is common across the animal kingdom. much of the focus in the literature has been on trying to explain the underlying mechanisms for the coexistence of migrants and residents. in addition, there has been an increasing number of reports on the prevalence and frequency of partially migratory populations. one possible explanation for the occurrence of partial migration, which has received no attention in the literature, is that of ...	2014	24722396
reproductive characteristics in female swedish moose (alces alces), with emphasis on puberty, timing of oestrus, and mating.	the moose (alces alces) is an intensively managed keystone species in fennoscandia. several aspects of reproduction in moose have not been fully elucidated, including puberty, timing of mating and oestrus, and the length of the oestrus period. these aspects are relevant for an adaptive management of moose with respect to harvest, population size, demography and environmental conditions. therefore, an investigation of female moose reproduction was conducted during the moose-hunting period in sout ...	2014	24735953
origin of dermacentor albipictus (acari: ixodidae) on elk in the yukon, canada.	winter ticks (dermacentor albipictus) on elk (cervus elaphus canadensis) have recently increased in numbers in the yukon, canada, potentially posing risks to other indigenous host species in the region. to evaluate the regional source of winter ticks in the yukon, we sequenced one nuclear (its-2) and two mitochondrial (16srrna and coi) genes, and genotyped 14 microsatellite loci from 483 winter tick specimens collected across north america. we analyzed genetic variation across the geographic and ...	2014	24779459
blinded by prisma: are systematic reviewers focusing on prisma and ignoring other guidelines?	prisma guidelines have been developed to improve the reporting of systematic reviews (srs). other reporting guidelines and techniques to assess methodological quality of srs have been developed. we aimed to assess the frequency of the use of reporting and other guidelines in srs to assess whether prisma is being used inappropriately as a substitute for other relevant guidelines.	2014	24788774
integrated bayesian species delimitation and morphological diagnostics of chorioptic mange mites (acariformes: psoroptidae: chorioptes).	the external morphology of adult and immature stages of mange mites of the genus chorioptes was investigated with the aid of light and scanning electron microscopy. a molecular phylogeny of this genus was inferred based on six genes (18s, 28s rdna, ef1-α, srp54, hsp70, and co1). the validity of four species (ch. bovis, ch. panda, ch. texanus, and ch. sweatmani sp. nov. described from the moose from sweden, finland, and russia) was confirmed based on morphology and a bayesian species delimitation ...	2014	24820039
cardiovascular medication utilization and adherence among adults living in rural and urban areas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	rural residents face numerous barriers to healthcare access and studies suggest poorer health outcomes for rural patients. therefore we undertook a systematic review to determine if cardiovascular medication utilization and adherence patterns differ for rural versus urban patients.	2014	24888355
additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system anomalies: a systematic review of the literature.	to analyze literature on the additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (mri) in assessing central nervous system (cns) anomalies suspected by ultrasound.	2014	24890732
molecular detection of bartonella spp. in deer ked pupae, adult keds and moose blood in finland.	the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) is a haematophagous ectoparasite of cervids that harbours haemotrophic bartonella. a prerequisite for the vector competence of the deer ked is the vertical transmission of the pathogen from the mother to its progeny and transstadial transmission from pupa to winged adult. we screened 1154 pupae and 59 pools of winged adult deer keds from different areas in finland for bartonella dna using pcr. altogether 13 pupa samples and one winged adult deer ked were positive f ...	2015	24901607
neurodevelopmental delay with critical congenital heart disease is mainly from prenatal injury not infant cardiac surgery: current evidence based on a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging.	no consensus has been reached regarding whether brain injury related to congenital heart disease (chd) is caused by infant cardiac surgery and/or prenatal injury resulting from the chd. we performed this meta-analysis to identify the likely cause of neurodevelopmental delay in chd patients.	2015	24913334
density-dependent habitat selection and partitioning between two sympatric ungulates.	theory on density-dependent habitat selection predicts that as population density of a species increases, use of higher quality (primary) habitat by individuals declines while use of lower quality (secondary) habitat rises. habitat partitioning is often considered the primary mechanism for coexistence between similar species, but how this process evolves with changes in population density remains to be empirically tested for free-ranging ungulates. we used resource-selection functions to quantif ...	2014	24913777
outcomes after corrective surgery for congenital dextro-transposition of the great arteries using the arterial switch technique: a protocol for a scoping systematic review.	dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-tga) is a life-threatening congenital health defect that requires rapid surgery. the most widely used approach is the arterial switch operation (aso) developed by jatene in the 1970s. the first set of children who received this intervention are now adults. the objective of this scoping review of the literature was to document the short-term (less than 1 year), medium-term (1-20 years) and long-term (more than 20 years) outcomes in children who underw ...	2014	24919640
changing motivations during migration: linking movement speed to reproductive status in a migratory large mammal.	a challenge in animal ecology is to link animal movement to demography. in general, reproducing and non-reproducing animals may show different movement patterns. dramatic changes in reproductive status, such as the loss of an offspring during the course of migration, might also affect movement. studies linking movement speed to reproductive status require individual monitoring of life-history events and hence are rare. here, we link movement data from 98 gps-collared female moose (alces alces) t ...	2014	24942710
reproductive failure in moose (alces alces) due to embryonic mortality and unfertilized oocytes.	knowledge on reproductive success is vital for successful management of large ungulates and is often measured by means of observing surviving offspring. in harvested ungulates, postmortem investigations of reproductive organs are used to estimate reproductive potential by obtaining ovulation rates and fetus numbers. however, there are differences in numbers of offspring observed, fetal/embryo counts, and ovulation rates. we hypothesize that the discrepancy between estimated reproductive potentia ...	2014	24954927
detection of chronic wasting disease in the lymph nodes of free-ranging cervids by real-time quaking-induced conversion.	chronic wasting disease (cwd), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of deer, elk, and moose, is the only prion disease affecting free-ranging animals. since the disease was first identified in northern colorado and southern wyoming in 1967, new epidemic foci of the disease have been identified in 20 additional states, as well as two canadian provinces and the republic of south korea. identification of cwd-affected animals currently requires postmortem analysis of brain or lymphoid tissues u ...	2014	24958799
design and validation of four new primers for next-generation sequencing to target the 18s rrna genes of gastrointestinal ciliate protozoa.	four new primers and one published primer were used to pcr amplify hypervariable regions within the protozoal 18s rrna gene to determine which primer pair provided the best identification and statistical analysis. pcr amplicons of 394 to 498 bases were generated from three primer sets, sequenced using roche 454 pyrosequencing with titanium, and analyzed using the blast database (ncbi) and mothur version 1.29. the protozoal diversity of rumen contents from moose in alaska was assessed. in the pre ...	2014	24973070
effects of transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells in chronic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	the debate on the effects and outcome of olfactory ensheathing cell (oec) transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury (sci) has remained unresolved for nearly 20 years. this study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oec transplantation in chronic sci patients.	2015	25001890
surveys on coxiella burnetii infections in swedish cattle, sheep, goats and moose.	q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium coxiella burnetii. prevalence data in ruminant species are important to support risk assessments regarding public and animal health. the aim was to investigate the presence of or exposure to c. burnetii in cattle, sheep, goats and moose, and to compare two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). national surveys of antibodies against c. burnetii were performed for dairy cattle (n=1537), dairy goats (n=58) and sheep (n=518). bovine sample ...	2014	25007979
testing the risk of predation hypothesis: the influence of recolonizing wolves on habitat use by moose.	considered as absent throughout scandinavia for >100 years, wolves (canis lupus) have recently naturally recolonized south-central sweden. this recolonization has provided an opportunity to study behavioral responses of moose (alces alces) to wolves. we used satellite telemetry locations from collared moose and wolves to determine whether moose habitat use was affected by predation risk based on wolf use distributions. moose habitat use was influenced by reproductive status and time of day and s ...	2014	25015119
herbivores influence the growth, reproduction, and morphology of a widespread arctic willow.	shrubs have expanded in arctic ecosystems over the past century, resulting in significant changes to albedo, ecosystem function, and plant community composition. willow and rock ptarmigan (lagopus lagopus, l. muta) and moose (alces alces) extensively browse arctic shrubs, and may influence their architecture, growth, and reproduction. furthermore, these herbivores may alter forage plants in such a way as to increase the quantity and accessibility of their own food source. we estimated the effect ...	2014	25047582
hepeviridae: an expanding family of vertebrate viruses.	the hepatitis e virus (hev) was first identified in 1990, although hepatitis e-like diseases in humans have been recorded for a long time dating back to the 18th century. the hev genotypes 1-4 have been subsequently detected in human hepatitis e cases with different geographical distribution and different modes of transmission. genotypes 3 and 4 have been identified in parallel in pigs, wild boars and other animal species and their zoonotic potential has been confirmed. until 2010, these genotyp ...	2014	25050488
ungulate saliva inhibits a grass-endophyte mutualism.	fungal endophytes modify plant-herbivore interactions by producing toxic alkaloids that deter herbivory. however, studies have neglected the direct effects herbivores may have on endophytes. antifungal properties and signalling effectors in herbivore saliva suggest that evolutionary pressures may select for animals that mitigate the effects of endophyte-produced alkaloids. here, we tested whether saliva of moose (alces alces) and european reindeer (rangifer tarandus) reduced hyphal elongation an ...	2014	25055816
predator-dependent functional response in wolves: from food limitation to surplus killing.	the functional response of a predator describes the change in per capita kill rate to changes in prey density. this response can be influenced by predator densities, giving a predator-dependent functional response. in social carnivores which defend a territory, kill rates also depend on the individual energetic requirements of group members and their contribution to the kill rate. this study aims to provide empirical data for the functional response of wolves canis lupus to the highly managed mo ...	2015	25109601
improvement of arterial oxygenation in free-ranging moose (alces alces) immobilized with etorphine-acepromazine-xylazine.	the effect of intranasal oxygen and/or early reversal of xylazine with atipamezole on arterial oxygenation in free-ranging moose (alces alces) immobilized with etorphine-acepromazine-xylazine with a cross-sectional clinical study on 33 adult moose was evaluated.	2014	25124367
routes for early enteral nutrition after esophagectomy. a systematic review.	early enteral feeding following surgery can be given orally, via a jejunostomy or via a nasojejunal tube. however, the best feeding route following esophagectomy is unclear.	2015	25131601
the relationship between perfectionism and coping strategies in drug-dependent men.	the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perfectionism and coping strategies in drug-dependent men. this study is a descriptive correlational study.	2014	25140217
prevalence of cannabis lifetime use in iranian high school and college students: a systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regression.	cannabis is the most widely used substance in the world. this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cannabis lifetime use (clu) in high school and college students of iran and also to determine factors related to changes in prevalence. a systematic review of literature on cannabis use in iran was conducted according to moose guideline. domestic scientific databases, pubmed/medline, isi web of knowledge, and google scholar, relevant reference lists, and relevant journals were searched up to a ...	2015	25147097
aortic arch atheroma and the risk of stroke: a meta-analysis.	epidemiological studies have suggested that aortic atheroma may play a role in cerebral embolization; however, no meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between aortic atheroma and risk of stroke. the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the presence of aortic atheroma and risk of stroke.	2014	25154372
pregnancy outcomes of induced labor in women with previous cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	to systematically review the literature about maternal and neonatal outcomes following induction of labor (iol) and spontaneous labor (sl) in women with previous cesarean section (pcs).	2015	25178187
environmental contaminant concentrations in canada goose (branta canadensis) muscle: probabilistic risk assessment for human consumers.	the issue of food insecurity affects millions of people in the united states every year. often these people rely on soup kitchens, food banks, and shelters for proper meals, and these organizations often depend on donations to meet needs. one of the most limited food resources is meat. to help alleviate this problem, the u.s. department of agriculture wildlife services donates more than 60 tons of wild game (deer, moose, feral hogs, goats, geese, and ducks) to a variety of charitable organizatio ...	2014	25198860
prevalence and diversity among anaplasma phagocytophilum strains originating from ixodes ricinus ticks from northwest norway.	the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum causes great concern for livestock farmers. tick-borne fever is a widespread disease in norway, and antibodies have been produced amongst sheep, roe deer, red deer, and moose. the main vector ixodes ricinus is found along the norwegian coastline as far north as the arctic circle. a total number of 1804 i. ricinus ticks were collected and the prevalence of the pathogen was determined by species-specific qpcr. the overall infection rate varied from ...	2014	25215241
perinatal outcomes of twin anemia-polycythemia sequence: a systematic review.	to analyze outcomes of monochorionic twins with twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (taps).	2014	25222165
life stage-related differences in fatty acid composition of an obligate ectoparasite, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi)-influence of blood meals and gender.	metamorphosis and diet often influence fatty acid (fa) signatures (fas) of insects. we investigated fas in a hematophagous ectoparasite, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi). deer keds shed their wings upon attachment on the host and, thus, the fas of an individual blood-fed imago/pupa in the fur of its host can be traced back to the blood fa profile of a single moose (alces alces). host blood and different life stages of deer keds were investigated for fa by gas chromatography. the fas of life stages ...	2015	25223709
salvage combination antifungal therapy for acute invasive aspergillosis may improve outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	a meta-analysis was performed to compare mold-active triazoles or lipid amphotericin b plus an echinocandin to non-echinocandin monotherapy for acute invasive aspergillosis (ia).	2014	25240416
prevalence of low back pain in latin america: a systematic literature review.	chronic low back pain is considered as a high-impact condition that affects the working population of latin america, with long reaching social and economic repercussions. its true frequency is unknown due to the absence of well-designed clinical trials that use standardized definitions and criteria.	2014	25247896
workplace suicide prevention: a systematic review of published and unpublished activities.	there are a number of published studies on workplace suicide prevention activities, and an even larger number of activities that are not reported on in academic literature. the aim of this review was to provide a systematic assessment of workplace suicide prevention activities, including short-term training activities, as well as suicide prevention strategies designed for occupational groups at risk of suicide. the search was based on meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (moose ...	2015	25256000
risk for lung cancer in workers exposed to benzidine and/or beta-naphthylamine: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.	risk for lung cancer in workers exposed to benzidine (bz) and/or beta-naphthylamine (bna), which are well-known bladder carcinogens, has been examined in many epidemiological studies, but individual epidemiological studies generally lack the power to examine the association between bz/bna exposure and lung cancer. we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the risk for lung cancer among workers exposed to bz/bna occupationally.	2014	25281283
inflammatory response related scoring systems in assessing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review.	various scoring systems based on assessment of the systemic inflammatory response help assessing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. in the present systematic review we evaluated the validity of four pre-intervention scoring systems: glasgow prognostic score (gps) and its modified version (mgps), platelet lymphocyte ratio (plr), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (nlr), and prognostic nutrition index (pni).	2014	25308357
factors associated with development of gastrointestinal problems in patients with scleroderma: a protocol for a systematic review.	scleroderma affects the gastrointestinal (gi) tract in 90% of all cases. malnutrition, diarrhea, and constipation are some gi complications that can stem from scleroderma, and they contribute considerably to impairment in quality of life. reports of haphazard clusters of high prevalence suggest that environmental exposure is a risk factor for scleroderma. however, it is largely uncertain whether the gi involvement secondary to scleroderma is influenced by these environmental factors. this study ...	2014	25312976
the effect of nasal surgery on continuous positive airway pressure device use and therapeutic treatment pressures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	the relationship between nasal surgery and its effect on continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) device therapeutic treatment pressures and cpap device use has not been previously systematically examined.	2015	25325439
chronic heavy drinking and ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	previous meta-analyses have reported either a protective, neutral or detrimental association from chronic heavy drinking in relation to ischaemic heart disease (ihd). we investigated the potential for systematic error because of study design. using moose guidelines, studies were identified through medline, embase and web of science up to end of march, 2014. epidemiological studies reporting on chronic heavy drinking and ihd risk in population studies and samples of people with alcohol use disord ...	2014	25332827
meta-analysis of gut barrier dysfunction in patients with acute pancreatitis.	the gut is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis but there is discrepancy between individual studies regarding the prevalence of gut barrier dysfunction in patients with acute pancreatitis. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gut barrier dysfunction in acute pancreatitis, the effect of different co-variables, and changes in gut barrier function associated with the use of various therapeutic modalities.	2014	25334028
comment on dissociation between running economy and running performance in elite kenyan distance runners.	mooses and colleagues suggest that running economy alone does not explain superior distance running performance in elite kenyan runners. whilst we agree with the multi-factorial hypothesis for kenyan running success, we do not believe that running economy can be overlooked to the extent that it was based on this particular study. based on the methods used and the range of athletes tested, in this response letter we question whether this study provides any basis for downplaying the influence of r ...	2016	25352492
traditional and cultural approaches to childrearing: preventing early childhood caries in norway house cree nation, manitoba.	infant health and development is linked to a wide range of interventions including maternal nutrition and infant feeding. early childhood caries (ecc) is a chronic condition that affects large proportions of aboriginal children worldwide. the health of a child's mouth is linked to their overall health and wellbeing and can have a significant impact in their day-to-day experiences of eating, playing, and sleeping. the rates of ecc have increased dramatically and communities, parents, and governme ...	2014	25354082
how sedentary are older people? a systematic review of the amount of sedentary behavior.	sedentary behavior (sb), defined as sitting (nonexercising), reclining, and lying down (posture), or by low energy expenditure, is a public health risk independent to physical activity. the objective of this systematic literature review was to synthesize the available evidence on amount of sb reported by and measured in older adults.	2015	25387160
high risk of lead contamination for scavengers in an area with high moose hunting success.	top predators and scavengers are vulnerable to pollutants, particularly those accumulated along the food chain. lead accumulation can induce severe disorders and alter survival both in mammals (including humans) and in birds. a potential source of lead poisoning in wild animals, and especially in scavengers, results from the consumption of ammunition residues in the tissues of big game killed by hunters. for two consecutive years we quantified the level lead exposure in individuals of a sentinel ...	2014	25389754
necropsy findings in 62 opportunistically collected free-ranging moose (alces alces) from minnesota, usa (2003-13).	the minnesota, us moose population has declined dramatically since the 1990s. all 54 carcasses of moose that died of unknown cause or were euthanized by gun shot by tribal or department of natural resources personnel because of perceived signs of illness between 2003 and 2013 and eight carcasses of moose that died from vehicular accidents between 2009 and 2013 were submitted to the minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory and included in our study. the majority of the animals were underweight ...	2015	25390764