Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| development and evaluation of an efficient 3'-noncoding region based sars coronavirus (sars-cov) rt-pcr assay for detection of sars-cov infections. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) epidemic originating from china in 2002 was caused by a previously uncharacterized coronavirus that could be identified by specific rt-pcr amplification. efforts to control future sars outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of sars-cov infected patients. a real-time fluorogenic rt-pcr assay based on the 3'-noncoding region (3'-ncr) of sars-cov genome was developed as a quantitative sars diagnostic tool. the ideal amplification effic ... | 2004 | 15234807 |
| development and characterisation of neutralising monoclonal antibody to the sars-coronavirus. | there is a global need to elucidate protective antigens expressed by the sars-coronavirus (sars-cov). monoclonal antibody reagents that recognise specific antigens on sars-cov are needed urgently. in this report, the development and immunochemical characterisation of a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the sars-cov is presented, based upon their specificity, binding requirements, and biological activity. initial screening by elisa, using highly purified virus as the coating an ... | 2004 | 15234813 |
| [protective effect of specific antibody in serum of convalescent patient with sars]. | to investigate inhibitory effect of serum severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) -specific antibodies from convalescent patients after half an year of onset on sars-cov-mediated cytopathic response. | 2004 | 15238177 |
| old bugs and new: classical and emerging pathogens--relevance to dental practice. | 2004 | 15239585 | |
| longitudinal profile of immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in patients with pneumonia due to the sars coronavirus. | by using a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and serum specimens serially collected (from day 0 to day 240 after symptom onset) from patients with pneumonia due to sars-cov, we analyzed the longitudinal profiles of immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies against the sars-cov nucleocapsid protein in patients with pneumonia due to sars-cov. for igg, the median optical density at 450 nm ( ... | 2004 | 15242938 |
| evaluation and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunochromatographic test for serological diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. | a newly developed severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was further validated to confirm cutoff values and evaluate its diagnostic performance with clinical samples. in parallel, an immunochromatographic test was also evaluated. a total of 227 clinical serum specimens collected from sars patients were used in the study, together with 385 samples from healthy donors. by use of an immunofluorescent (if) test as the "gold standard", both the eli ... | 2004 | 15242944 |
| kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus-specific antibodies in 271 laboratory-confirmed cases of sars. | the sensitivities and specificities of an immunofluorescence assay and an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) were compared for 148 laboratory-confirmed sars cases. the appearance and persistence of sars-cov-specific antibodies were assessed, with immunoglobulin g detected in 59% of samples collected within 14 days and persisting for 60 to 95 days after the onset of illness. | 2004 | 15242960 |
| detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in sars patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we report the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) nucleocapsid protein. the assay was carried out with hyperimmune polyclonal nucleocapsid-specific antibodies from guinea pigs and rabbits immunized with recombinant his(6)-tagged sars cov nucleocapsid protein. the assay was used for the detection of sars cov nucleocapsid protein in nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal samples collected fro ... | 2004 | 15243033 |
| detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in sars patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we report the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) nucleocapsid protein. the assay was carried out with hyperimmune polyclonal nucleocapsid-specific antibodies from guinea pigs and rabbits immunized with recombinant his(6)-tagged sars cov nucleocapsid protein. the assay was used for the detection of sars cov nucleocapsid protein in nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal samples collected fro ... | 2004 | 15243033 |
| discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replication-specific multiplex reverse transcription-pcr. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is the causative agent of the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. veroe6 cells, fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were the only cells known to be susceptible to sars-cov. we developed a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay to analyze the susceptibility of cells derived from a variety of tissues and species to sars-cov. additionally, productive infection was determined ... | 2004 | 15243082 |
| discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replication-specific multiplex reverse transcription-pcr. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is the causative agent of the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. veroe6 cells, fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were the only cells known to be susceptible to sars-cov. we developed a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay to analyze the susceptibility of cells derived from a variety of tissues and species to sars-cov. additionally, productive infection was determined ... | 2004 | 15243082 |
| identification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by simultaneous multigene dna sequencing. | the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak resulted in calls for an accurate diagnostic test that can be used not only for routine testing but also for generating nucleotide sequences to monitor the epidemic. although the identity of the sars coronavirus (sars-cov) genome was confirmed by dna sequencing, it is impractical to sequence the entire 29-kb sars-cov genome on a routine basis. therefore, alternative assay methods such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pcr ha ... | 2004 | 15243096 |
| association of human-leukocyte-antigen class i (b*0703) and class ii (drb1*0301) genotypes with susceptibility and resistance to the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a public health concern worldwide. by studying the human leukocyte antigen (hla) types a, b, dr, and dq alleles in 90 chinese patients with serologically confirmed sars infections, we identified a strong association between hla-b*0703 (or, 4.08; 95% ci, 2.03-8.18; p=.00072 [bonferroni-corrected p value, p(c) <.0022]) and -drb1*0301 (or, 0.06; 95%, 0.01-0.47; p=.00008 [after bonferroni correction, p<.0042]) and the development of sars. moreover, the fre ... | 2004 | 15243926 |
| sars. china dumps cdc head, probes lab. | 2004 | 15247446 | |
| an efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory b cells: potent neutralization of sars coronavirus. | passive serotherapy can confer immediate protection against microbial infection, but methods to rapidly generate human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are not yet available. we have developed an improved method for epstein-barr virus transformation of human b cells. we used this method to analyze the memory repertoire of a patient who recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) infection and to isolate monoclonal antibodies specific for different viral proteins, in ... | 2004 | 15247913 |
| potent and selective inhibition of sars coronavirus replication by aurintricarboxylic acid. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (sars) is a coronavirus that instigated regional epidemics in canada and several asian countries in 2003. the newly identified sars coronavirus (sars-cov) can be transmitted among humans and cause severe or even fatal illnesses. as preventive vaccine development takes years to complete and adverse reactions have been reported to some veterinary coronaviral vaccines, anti-viral compounds must be relentlessly pursued. in this study, we analyzed the effec ... | 2004 | 15249217 |
| sars: responding to an unknown virus. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an emerging infection caused by a novel coronavirus which first appeared in southern china at the end of 2002. in early 2003, through a single incident, it spread to hong kong, singapore, canada and vietnam. for busy clinicians in large public hospitals, the response to the virus was initially based on ensuring a high level of protection for staff. however, as the epidemic progressed and more information became available about the virus, procedures ... | 2004 | 15252720 |
| proteomic analysis of sars associated coronavirus using two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectroemtric analysis. | the proteomes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) and its infected vero e6 cells were detected in the present study. the cytosol and nucleus fractions of virus-infected cells as well as the crude virions were analyzed either by one-dimensional electrophoresis followed by esi-ms/ms identification or by shotgun strategy with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-esi-ms/ms. for the first time, all of the four predicted structural proteins of sars-cov were iden ... | 2004 | 15253436 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus phylogeny: toward consensus. | 2004 | 15254158 | |
| hematological findings in sars patients and possible mechanisms (review). | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a new human infectious disease. the causative agent of sars is a novel coronavirus (sars-cov). this report summarizes the hematological findings in sars patients and proposes the possible mechanisms of sars-cov related abnormal hematopoiesis. hematological changes in patients with sars are common and include lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and occasionally leukopenia. a significant decrease was also observed in peripheral cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocyte subse ... | 2004 | 15254784 |
| [relevance of coronaviruses. the sars example]. | the emergence of the new sars coronavirus has shown dramatically the high relevance of human coronavirus infections. this overview presents data of both epidemiological and clinical studies of this new virus infection. moreover, details of research on the pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapy are given. the recent infections in december 2003 clearly document that sars will be a major topic also in 2004. | 2004 | 15254819 |
| [immunological reaction between the peptides from s1 domain of sars coronavirus s-protein and the serum from sars patients]. | to examine the immunological reactions between the peptides of sars coronavirus (sars-cov) s-protein and the serum of sars patients for identifying the sars-cov epitope. | 2004 | 15257904 |
| persistent infection of sars coronavirus in colonic cells in vitro. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) can produce gastrointestinal symptoms. the intestinal tract is the only extrapulmonary site where viable viruses have been detected. this study examined seven established human intestinal cell lines, dld-1, hct-116, ht-29, lovo, ls-180, sw-480 and sw-620, for their permissiveness to sars-cov infection. the results showed that only lovo cells were permissive to sars-cov infection as evident by positive findings from indirect immunofluoresce ... | 2004 | 15258961 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic effects of small interfering rna targeting sars-coronavirus. | to identify and characterize the sirna duplexes that are effective for inhibition of sars-cov infection and replication in the non-human primate cells. this in vitro study will serve as the foundation for development of novel anti-sars therapeutics. | 2004 | 15259899 |
| development of a safe neutralization assay for sars-cov and characterization of s-glycoprotein. | the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) has been identified as a novel coronavirus sars-cov. similar to other coronaviruses, spike (s)-glycoprotein of the virus interacts with a cellular receptor and mediates membrane fusion to allow viral entry into susceptible target cells. accordingly, s-protein plays an important role in virus infection cycle and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. to begin to understand its biochemical and immunological properties, we ... | 2004 | 15262502 |
| prediction of class i t-cell epitopes: evidence of presence of immunological hot spots inside antigens. | processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex class i antigens to cytotoxic t-lymphocytes is crucial for immune surveillance against intracellular bacteria, parasites, viruses and tumors. identification of antigenic regions on pathogen proteins will play a pivotal role in designer vaccine immunotherapy. we have developed a system that not only identifies high binding t-cell antigenic epitopes, but also class i t-cell antigenic clusters termed immunological hot spots. | 2004 | 15262812 |
| advancements in the battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a newly emerged infectious disease with a significant morbidity and mortality. the major clinical features include persistent fever, chills/rigor, myalgia, malaise, dry cough, headache and dyspnoea. respiratory failure is the major complication of sars and approximately 20% of patients may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilatory support. however, the severity is much milder in infected young children. t ... | 2004 | 15264983 |
| [quantitative detection of sars-cov rna in excreta and oropharyngeal washing fluid from convalescence patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome]. | to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) rna in excreta and oropharyngeal washing fluid (owf) from the convalescence sars patients, and to determine whether convalescence patients carry the sars-cov, and whether having infectivity. | 2004 | 15266825 |
| a comparative study of clinical features and outcomes in young and older adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | to determine the clinical presentation, findings, and outcomes of older adults (> 60) with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and compare these with a control group of younger patients (< or or =60). | 2004 | 15271120 |
| analysis of serum cytokines in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system. although a novel coronavirus has been identified as the causative agent of sars, the pathogenic mechanisms of sars are not understood. in this study, sera were collected from healthy donors, patients with sars, patients with severe sars, and patients with sars in convalescence. the serum concentrations of interleukin-1 (il-1), il-4, il-6, il-8, il-10, tumor growth factor beta (tgf-beta), tumor necr ... | 2004 | 15271897 |
| pulmonary pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome in toronto. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) pandemic in toronto resulted in a large number of autopsies on its victims. we describe the pulmonary pathology of patients who died in the 2003 toronto outbreak. autopsy material from the lungs of 20 patients who died between march and july 2003 were characterized by histology, molecular biology, and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins, thyroid transcription factor-1, cd68, epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human herpes simplex viruses. matc ... | 2005 | 15272286 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and the gdp. part i : epidemiology, virology, pathology and general health issues. | the health profession faces a new challenge with the emergence of a novel viral disease severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), a form of atypical pneumonia caused by a coronavirus termed sars-cov. this highly infectious disease has spread through 32 countries, infecting more than 8,400 patients with over 790 deaths in just over 6 months. over one quarter of those infected were unsuspecting healthcare workers. the major transmission mode of sars-coronavirus appears to be through droplet spread ... | 2004 | 15272339 |
| disease-specific b cell epitopes for serum antibodies from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and serologic detection of sars antibodies by epitope-based peptide antigens. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) has emerged as a highly contagious, sometimes fatal disease. to find disease-specific b cell epitopes, phage-displayed random peptide libraries were panned on serum immunoglobulin (ig) g antibodies from patients with sars. forty-nine immunopositive phage clones that bound specifically to serum from patients with sars were selected. these phageborne peptides had 4 consensus motifs, of which 2 corresponded to amino acid sequences reported for sars-associate ... | 2004 | 15272409 |
| structural organization of the genome of sars-associated coronavirus (strain sod) isolated on the territory of the russian federation. | complete nucleotide cdna sequence (29715 nucleotides) of sars-associated coronavirus (strain sod) isolated for the first time in the territory of the russian federation was determined. phylogenetic analysis revealed maximum similarity between strain sod genome and frankfurt 1 strain genome. three nucleotide substitutions determining two amino acid substitutions were detected. | 2004 | 15273774 |
| the spectrum of pathological changes in severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). | to analyse the lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and correlate the findings with the time sequence of the disease. | 2004 | 15279629 |
| antibody responses against sars-coronavirus and its nucleocaspid in sars patients. | sars-cov is the etiologic agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome. an understanding of the antibody responses to the viral components is very important for diagnosis and vaccine development. | 2004 | 15288616 |
| in vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of sars coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds. | effective antiviral agents are urgently needed to combat the possible return of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). commercial antiviral agents and pure chemical compounds extracted from traditional chinese medicinal herbs were screened against 10 clinical isolates of sars coronavirus by neutralisation tests with confirmation by plaque reduction assays. interferon-beta-1a, leukocytic interferon-alpha, ribavirin, lopinavir, rimantadine, baicalin and glycyrrhizin showed antiviral activity. t ... | 2004 | 15288617 |
| a highly unusual palindromic transmembrane helical hairpin formed by sars coronavirus e protein. | the agent responsible for the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak is a previously unidentified coronavirus. while there is a wealth of epidemiological studies, little if any molecular characterization of sars coronavirus (scov) proteins has been carried out. here we describe the molecular characterization of scov e protein, a critical component of the virus responsible for virion envelope morphogenesis. we conclusively show that scov e protein contains an unusually short, pa ... | 2004 | 15288785 |
| sars, emerging infections, and bioterrorism preparedness. | 2004 | 15288816 | |
| the sars coronavirus nucleocapsid protein induces actin reorganization and apoptosis in cos-1 cells in the absence of growth factors. | in march 2003, a novel coronavirus was isolated from patients exhibiting atypical pneumonia, and was subsequently proven to be the causative agent of the disease now referred to as sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome). the complete genome of the sars-cov (sars coronavirus) has since been sequenced. the sars-cov nucleocapsid (sars-cov n) protein shares little homology with other members of the coronavirus family. in the present paper, we show that sars-cov n is capable of inducing apoptosis o ... | 2004 | 15294014 |
| pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | this study was undertaken to evaluate the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). | 2004 | 15295381 |
| recombinant scfv antibodies against e protein and n protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus. | three single chain antibodies (scfv) against the proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) were isolated by phage display from an scfv antibody library. bio-panning was carried out against immobilized purified envelope (e) and nucleocapsid (n) proteins of sars-cov. their binding activity and specificity to e or n protein of sars-cov were characterized by phage-elisa. two of them, b10 and c20, could recognize non-overlapping epitopes of the e protein according to the tw ... | 2004 | 15295646 |
| potent inhibition of sars-associated coronavirus (scov) infection and replication by type i interferons (ifn-alpha/beta) but not by type ii interferon (ifn-gamma). | we sought to investigate the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (scov) activities of type i (alpha and beta) and type ii (gamma) interferons (ifn) in vitro. type i ifns protected cells from cytopathic effects (cpe) induced by scov, and inhibited viral genomic rna replication in frhk-4 cells (measured by quantitative rt-pcr) in a dose-dependent manner. intracellular viral rna copies were reduced 50% by ifn-alpha at a concentration of 25 u/ml and by ifn-beta at a ... | 2004 | 15296649 |
| sars virus in tears? | 2004 | 15298024 | |
| clinical and laboratory features of severe acute respiratory syndrome vis-a-vis onset of fever. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a rapidly progressive disease caused by a novel coronavirus (cov) infection. however, the disease presentation is nonspecific. the aim of this study was to define clearly the presentation, clinical progression, and laboratory data in a group of patients who had sars. | 2004 | 15302738 |
| major genetic marker of nidoviruses encodes a replicative endoribonuclease. | coronaviruses are important pathogens that cause acute respiratory diseases in humans. replication of the approximately 30-kb positive-strand rna genome of coronaviruses and discontinuous synthesis of an extensive set of subgenome-length rnas (transcription) are mediated by the replicase-transcriptase, a barely characterized protein complex that comprises several cellular proteins and up to 16 viral subunits. the coronavirus replicase-transcriptase was recently predicted to contain rna-processin ... | 2004 | 15304651 |
| viral evolution and the emergence of sars coronavirus. | the recent appearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) highlights the continual threat to human health posed by emerging viruses. however, the central processes in the evolution of emerging viruses are unclear, particularly the selection pressures faced by viruses in new host species. we outline some of the key evolutionary genetic aspects of viral emergence. we emphasize that, although the high mutation rates of rna viruses provide them with great adaptability and exp ... | 2004 | 15306390 |
| influenza as a model system for studying the cross-species transfer and evolution of the sars coronavirus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) moved into humans from a reservoir species and subsequently caused an epidemic in its new host. we know little about the processes that allowed the cross-species transfer of this previously unknown virus. i discuss what we have learned about the movement of viruses into humans from studies of influenza a, both how it crossed from birds to humans and how it subsequently evolved within the human population. starting with a brief review of se ... | 2004 | 15306391 |
| the aetiology of sars: koch's postulates fulfilled. | proof that a newly identified coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) came from a series of studies on experimentally infected cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis). sars-cov-infected macaques developed a disease comparable to sars in humans; the virus was re-isolated from these animals and they developed sars-cov-specific antibodies. this completed the fulfilment of koch's postulates, as modified ... | 2004 | 15306393 |
| the aetiology of sars: koch's postulates fulfilled. | proof that a newly identified coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) came from a series of studies on experimentally infected cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis). sars-cov-infected macaques developed a disease comparable to sars in humans; the virus was re-isolated from these animals and they developed sars-cov-specific antibodies. this completed the fulfilment of koch's postulates, as modified ... | 2004 | 15306393 |
| laboratory diagnosis of sars. | the emergence of new viral infections of man requires the development of robust diagnostic tests that can be applied in the differential diagnosis of acute illness, or to determine past exposure, so as to establish the true burden of disease. since the recognition in april 2003 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), enormous efforts have been applied to develop molecular and serological tests for sars wh ... | 2004 | 15306394 |
| epidemiology, transmission dynamics and control of sars: the 2002-2003 epidemic. | this paper reviews current understanding of the epidemiology, transmission dynamics and control of the aetiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). we present analyses of data on key parameters and distributions and discuss the processes of data capture, analysis and public health policy formulation during the sars epidemic are discussed. the low transmissibility of the virus, combined with the onset of peak infectiousness following the onset of clinical symptoms of disease, t ... | 2004 | 15306395 |
| animal origins of sars coronavirus: possible links with the international trade in small carnivores. | the search for animal host origins of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus has so far remained focused on wildlife markets, restaurants and farms within china. a significant proportion of this wildlife enters china through an expanding regional network of illegal, international wildlife trade. we present the case for extending the search for ancestral coronaviruses and their hosts across international borders into countries such as vietnam and lao people's democratic republic, wh ... | 2004 | 15306396 |
| sequential changes of serum aminotransferase levels in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a newly emerging infectious disease. to describe the hepatic injury caused by this disease, we report the sequential changes of serum transaminase in probable sars patients during a hospital outbreak in southern taiwan. from april to june, 2003, 52 probable sars patients were hospitalized. serial serum aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels were retrospectively analyzed and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was als ... | 2004 | 15306699 |
| value of initial chest radiographs for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | to determine whether the initial chest radiograph is helpful in predicting the clinical outcome of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). | 2004 | 15308434 |
| retroviral vectors pseudotyped with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus s protein. | the worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was shown to be associated with a novel coronavirus (cov) now called sars cov. we report here the generation of sars cov s protein-pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (mlv) vector particles. the wild-type s protein pseudotyped mlv vectors, although at a low efficiency. partial deletion of the cytoplasmic tail of s dramatically increased infectivity of pseudotypes, with titers only two- to threefold lower than those of pseudotypes g ... | 2004 | 15308697 |
| epidemiology of sars: the missing pathogen? | 2004 | 15310809 | |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and the gdp. part ii: implications for gdps. | the transmission modes of sars-coronavirus appear to be through droplet spread, close contact and fomites although air borne transmission has not been ruled out. this clearly places dental personnel at risks as they work in close proximity to their patients employing droplet and aerosol generating procedures. although the principle of universal precautions is widely advocated and followed throughout the dental community, additional precautionary measures - termed standard precaution may be neces ... | 2004 | 15311240 |
| [detection of rna of sars coronavirus in hospital sewage]. | in order to explore the existence of sars coronavirus (co-v) and/or its rna in sewage of hospitals administered sars patients. | 2004 | 15312586 |
| characterization of the 3a protein of sars-associated coronavirus in infected vero e6 cells and sars patients. | proteomics was used to identify a protein encoded by orf 3a in a sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov). immuno-blotting revealed that interchain disulfide bonds might be formed between this protein and the spike protein. elisa indicated that sera from sars patients have significant positive reactions with synthesized peptides derived from the 3a protein. these results are concordant with that of a spike protein-derived peptide. a tendency exists for co-mutation between the 3a protein and the sp ... | 2004 | 15312778 |
| oligomerization of the sars-cov s glycoprotein: dimerization of the n-terminus and trimerization of the ectodomain. | viral envelope glycoproteins are oligomeric and the quaternary structure is critical for their membrane fusion activity. typically the transmembrane glycoproteins of class i fusion proteins contain the oligomerization domains and the surface glycoproteins (su) are monomeric. however, it has been previously demonstrated [j. biol. chem. 277 (2002) 19727] that the su of a murine hepatitis coronavirus (mhv) forms dimers, the dimerization domain overlaps the receptor-binding domain (rbd) and that thi ... | 2004 | 15313178 |
| a subcutaneously injected uv-inactivated sars coronavirus vaccine elicits systemic humoral immunity in mice. | the recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was caused by a novel coronavirus, sars-cov. it spread rapidly to many countries and developing a sars vaccine is now urgently required. in order to study the immunogenicity of uv-inactivated purified sars-cov virion as a vaccine candidate, we subcutaneously immunized mice with uv-inactivated sars-cov with or without an adjuvant. we chose aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) as an adjuvant, because of its long safety history for human use ... | 2004 | 15314040 |
| infection of cultured intestinal epithelial cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | to identify a model for the study of intestinal pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) we tested the sensitivity of six human intestinal epithelial cell lines to infection with sars coronavirus (sars-cov). in permissive cell lines, effects of sars-cov on cellular gene expression were analysed using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. caco-2 and cl-14 cell lines were found to be highly permissive to sars-cov, due to the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a functiona ... | 2004 | 15316659 |
| a candidate vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome. | 2004 | 15317899 | |
| neutralizing antibodies in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) is the principal etiologic agent of sars. we analyzed serum samples obtained from 623 patients with sars in beijing, to determine whether infection with sars-cov can elicit neutralizing antibodies (nabs). | 2004 | 15319862 |
| direct sequencing of sars-coronavirus s and n genes from clinical specimens shows limited variation. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) emerged, in november 2002, as a novel agent causing severe respiratory illness. to study sequence variation in the sars-cov genome, we determined the nucleic acid sequence of the s and n genes directly from clinical specimens from 10 patients--1 specimen with no matched sars-cov isolate, from 2 patients; multiple specimens from 3 patients; and matched clinical-specimen/cell-culture-isolate pairs from 6 patients. we identified 3 ... | 2004 | 15319863 |
| low stability of nucleocapsid protein in sars virus. | the nucleocapsid protein (n protein) is one of the major virion structural proteins of a newly identified coronavirus, which has been confirmed as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). the major function of n protein is to assemble the rna of coronavirus. in the present study, the gene encoding the n protein was cloned and the protein was expressed, purified, and refolded as shown by (1)h nmr measurement. the maximal trp emission wavelength occurs near 331 nm, suggesti ... | 2004 | 15323569 |
| sars control and psychological effects of quarantine, toronto, canada. | as a transmissible infectious disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was successfully contained globally by instituting widespread quarantine measures. although these measures were successful in terminating the outbreak in all areas of the world, the adverse effects of quarantine have not previously been determined in a systematic manner. in this hypothesis-generating study supported by a convenience sample drawn in close temporal proximity to the period of quarantine, we examined the ... | 2004 | 15324539 |
| detection of sars-associated coronavirus in throat wash and saliva in early diagnosis. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) is thought to be transmitted primarily through dispersal of droplets, but little is known about the load of sars-cov in oral droplets. we examined oral specimens, including throat wash and saliva, and found large amounts of sars-cov rna in both throat wash (9.58 x 10(2) to 5.93 x 10(6) copies/ml) and saliva (7.08 x 10(3) to 6.38 x 10(8) copies/ml) from all specimens of 17 consecutive probable sars case-patients, supporting t ... | 2004 | 15324540 |
| collecting data to assess sars interventions. | with cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) occurring across geographic regions, data collection on the effectiveness of intervention strategies should be standardized to facilitate analysis. we propose a minimum dataset to capture data needed to examine the basic reproduction rate, case status and criteria, symptoms, and outcomes of sars. | 2004 | 15324551 |
| mice susceptible to sars coronavirus. | murine models of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) will greatly advance research on this emerging virus. when balb/c mice were simultaneously inoculated intranasally and orally, replication of sars-cov was found in both lung and intestinal tissue. | 2004 | 15324552 |
| sars coronavirus detection. | we developed a set of three real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays that amplify three different regions of the sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov), can be run in parallel or in a single tube, and can detect <10 genome equivalents of sars-cov. the assays consider all currently available sars-cov sequences and are optimized for two prominent real-time pcr platforms. | 2004 | 15324554 |
| human sars-coronavirus rna-dependent rna polymerase: activity determinants and nucleoside analogue inhibitors. | 2004 | 15326590 | |
| the 17th international conference on antiviral research. | the focus of the 17th international conference on antiviral research was the discovery and development of antiviral agents (chemistry, biology, animal models and clinical trial results) against a variety of human infectious agents including hiv, herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, respiratory viruses and emerging/re-emerging pathogens. the meeting included the symposium 'clinical update on antiviral drugs', plenary sessions dedicated to each of the individual classes of infectious agents, a sympo ... | 2004 | 15330752 |
| ace2 gene polymorphisms do not affect outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome. | 2004 | 15331509 | |
| identification and characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicase proteins. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) encodes proteins required for rna transcription and genome replication as large polyproteins that are proteolytically processed by virus-encoded proteinases to produce mature replicase proteins. in this report, we generated antibodies against sars-cov predicted replicase protein and used the antibodies to identify and characterize 12 of the 16 predicted mature replicase proteins (nsp1, nsp2, nsp3, nsp4, nsp5, nsp8, nsp9, nsp12, nsp13, ... | 2004 | 15331731 |
| transporting patient with suspected sars. | 2004 | 15338533 | |
| psychosocial impact of sars. | 2004 | 15338536 | |
| emerging infections: what have we learned from sars? | 2004 | 15338569 | |
| [distribution and timing of antibody to sars-cov in sars cases of transmission chain or non-transmission chain]. | to find out the timing of serologic responses after illness onset and distribution of igg antibody to sars-cov in sars cases of transmission chain or non-transmission chain. | 2004 | 15340494 |
| [studies on igg antibodies of sars patients]. | to investigate the significance of detecting specific serum igg antibodies in clinical diagnosis of sars as well as affecting factors. | 2004 | 15340527 |
| [anti-sars virus activities of different recombinant human interferons in cell culture system]. | to study the anti-sars virus activities of different recombinant human interferons on the cell culture system. | 2003 | 15340558 |
| [development of the cdna chip for sars virus and a primary study on the possible molecular mechanism of interferon alpha2b inhibiting the sars virus replication]. | to study the molecular mechanism of interferon alpha2b(ifnalpha2b) inhibiting the sars virus replication. sars-associated coronavirus (sars virus) cdna chip was developed and applied to detect the virus rna transcription levels in the interferon-treated and untreated cell cultures, and the mechanism of anti-sars virus activity of interferon alpha2b in cell culture system was explored. | 2003 | 15340559 |
| [isolation and identification of sars virus in guangdong province]. | to isolate and identify pathogen of atypical pneumonia in guangdong. | 2003 | 15340560 |
| [clinical pathology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome]. | to explore the pathological features and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) to provide evidence for the clinical treatment and prevention of sars. | 2003 | 15340561 |
| [predictors associated with clinical deterioration in sars patients]. | to study the predictive factors associated with clinical deterioration in sars patients. | 2003 | 15340562 |
| crystal structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein fusion core. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is a newly emergent virus responsible for a recent outbreak of an atypical pneumonia. the coronavirus spike protein, an enveloped glycoprotein essential for viral entry, belongs to the class i fusion proteins and is characterized by the presence of two heptad repeat (hr) regions, hr1 and hr2. these two regions are understood to form a fusion-active conformation similar to those of other typical viral fusion proteins. this hairpin structure likely jux ... | 2004 | 15345712 |
| mutational dynamics of the sars coronavirus in cell culture and human populations isolated in 2003. | the sars coronavirus is the etiologic agent for the epidemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome. the recent emergence of this new pathogen, the careful tracing of its transmission patterns, and the ability to propagate in culture allows the exploration of the mutational dynamics of the sars-cov in human populations. | 2004 | 15347429 |
| emergency medical services utilization during an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and the incidence of sars-associated coronavirus infection among emergency medical technicians. | this was a study to evaluate the utilization of emergency medical services (ems) systems during the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), and to assess the incidence of infection among emergency medical technicians (emts). | 2004 | 15347538 |
| bioterrorism: is it a real threat? | the geneva protocol of 1925 commits the signatory nations to refraining from the use of biological weapons. however, the terrorist assaults of september 2001 and, subsequently, the anthrax-containing letters are cause for great concerns: new threats to the security of nations are expected, as terrorist organizations seem to increasingly explore novel ways of spreading terror. in this context, naturally emerging diseases such as sars, monkeypox or west nile fever assume new importance because it ... | 2005 | 15349775 |
| determination of sars-coronavirus by a microfluidic chip system. | we have developed a new experimental system based on a microfluidic chip to determine severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov). the system includes a laser-induced fluorescence microfluidic chip analyzer, a glass microchip for both polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and capillary electrophoresis, a chip thermal cycler based on dual peltier thermoelectric elements, a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) sars diagnostic kit, and a dna electrophoretic sizing kit. th ... | 2004 | 15349945 |
| a universal microarray for detection of sars coronavirus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is caused by the sars coronavirus (sars-cov). there are many point mutations among sars-cov genome sequences. previous studies suggested that the mutations are correlated closely with the sars epidemic. it was found that the bases of six nucleotide positions (nt9404, nt9479, nt19838, nt21721, nt22222 and nt27827) with high-mutation rate have an important relationship with the sars epidemic. for viral detection as well as genotyping, a universal microarray ... | 2004 | 15350733 |
| inactivation of the coronavirus that induces severe acute respiratory syndrome, sars-cov. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a life-threatening disease caused by a novel coronavirus termed sars-cov. due to the severity of this disease, the world health organization (who) recommends that manipulation of active viral cultures of sars-cov be performed in containment laboratories at biosafety level 3 (bsl3). the virus was inactivated by ultraviolet light (uv) at 254 nm, heat treatment of 65 degrees c or greater, alkaline (ph > 12) or acidic (ph < 3) conditions, formalin and glut ... | 2004 | 15350737 |
| importance of akt signaling pathway for apoptosis in sars-cov-infected vero e6 cells. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an acute respiratory tract infectious disease that is associated with a new coronavirus (sars-cov). our recent study indicated that sars-cov infection induces activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathway and the p38 mapk inhibitor partially inhibited its cytopathic effect in vero e6 cells. the results of the present study indicated that before cell death, akt, which is an inhibitor of apoptosis, was also activated in ... | 2004 | 15351204 |
| characterization of protein-protein interactions between the nucleocapsid protein and membrane protein of the sars coronavirus. | the human coronavirus, associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars-cov), was identified and molecularly characterized in 2003. sequence analysis of the virus indicates that there is only 20% amino acid (aa) identity with known coronaviruses. previous studies indicate that protein-protein interactions amongst various coronavirus proteins are critical for viral assembly. yet, little sequence homology between the newly identified sars-cov and those previously studied coronaviruses sugge ... | 2004 | 15351485 |
| in vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine. | we report on chloroquine, a 4-amino-quinoline, as an effective inhibitor of the replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) in vitro. chloroquine is a clinically approved drug effective against malaria. we tested chloroquine phosphate for its antiviral potential against sars-cov-induced cytopathicity in vero e6 cell culture. results indicate that the ic50 of chloroquine for antiviral activity (8.8 +/- 1.2 microm) was significantly lower than its cytostatic activit ... | 2004 | 15351731 |
| emerging infectious disease issues in international adoptions: severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), avian influenza and measles. | new emerging infections over the last few years demonstrate the potential for the introduction of epidemic illness through global migration. the increasing number of children adopted internationally (>20,000 in 2003, from the united states state department) provides a unique situation for the spread of emerging infections through the combination of international travel by parents through areas where such infections may be contracted and the nature of the living conditions for many of the orphans ... | 2004 | 15353957 |
| a review of viral gastroenteritis. | since kapakian first identified a virus in the stool of a patient with diarrhoea in 1972, many viruses have been described that cause diarrhoea directly or indirectly. it is now appreciated that viruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal illness worldwide. although bacteria and other pathogens cause significant numbers of gastroenteritis, it is the viruses that are dealt with in this review. the viruses responsible will be discussed individually. | 2004 | 15353966 |
| [a novel coronavirus---sars virus]. | 2003 | 15354324 | |
| mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (sars-cov) pulmonary infection of mice. | we describe a model of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (sars-cov) infection in c57bl/6 mice. a clinical isolate of the virus introduced intranasally replicated transiently to high levels in the lungs of these mice, with a peak on day 3 and clearance by day 9 postinfection. viral rna localized to bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium. expression of mrna for angiotensin converting enzyme 2, the sars-cov receptor, was detected in the lung following infection. the virus induced producti ... | 2004 | 15356152 |