Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| hemagglutinin stalk- and neuraminidase-specific monoclonal antibodies protect against lethal h10n8 influenza virus infection in mice. | between november 2013 and february 2014, china reported three human cases of h10n8 influenza virus infection in the jiangxi province, two of which were fatal. using hybridoma technology, we isolated a panel of h10- and n8-directed monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and further characterized the binding reactivity of these antibodies (via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) to a range of purified virus and recombinant protein substrates. the h10-directed mabs displayed functional hemagglutination inhibi ... | 2015 | 26512088 |
| a pregnant woman with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus pneumonia and ards managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. | we report a case of h7n9 avian influenza pneumonia in a pregnant woman who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo). a 29-year-old, 27 week pregnant woman developed rapidly progressive pneumonia with bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray and was confirmed to have influenza a (h7n9) infection. her condition deteriorated and she developed ards which was managed with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (v-v ecmo) and tre ... | 2015 | 26521517 |
| recombinant hemagglutinin and virus-like particle vaccines for h7n9 influenza virus. | cases of h7n9 human infection were caused by a novel, avian-origin h7n9 influenza a virus that emerged in eastern china in 2013. clusters of human disease were identified in many cities in china, with mortality rates approaching 30%. pandemic concerns were raised, as historically, influenza pandemics were caused by introduction of novel influenza a viruses into immunologically naïve human population. currently, there are no approved human vaccines for h7n9 viruses. recombinant protein vaccine ap ... | 2015 | 26523241 |
| proteomics analysis of cellular proteins co-immunoprecipitated with nucleoprotein of influenza a virus (h7n9). | avian influenza a viruses are serious veterinary pathogens that normally circulate among avian populations, causing substantial economic impacts. some strains of avian influenza a viruses, such as h5n1, h9n2, and recently reported h7n9, have been occasionally found to adapt to humans from other species. in order to replicate efficiently in the new host, influenza viruses have to interact with a variety of host factors. in the present study, h7n9 nucleoprotein was transfected into human hek293t c ... | 2015 | 26528969 |
| preparation of quadri-subtype influenza virus-like particles using bovine immunodeficiency virus gag protein. | influenza vlps comprised of hemagglutinin (ha), neuraminidase (na), and matrix (m1) proteins have been previously used for immunological and virological studies. here we demonstrated that influenza vlps can be made in sf9 cells by using the bovine immunodeficiency virus gag (bgag) protein in place of m1. we showed that bgag can be used to prepare vlps for several influenza subtypes including h1n1 and h10n8. furthermore, by using bgag, we prepared quadri-subtype vlps, which co-expressed within th ... | 2016 | 26529299 |
| experimental infection of peridomestic mammals with emergent h7n9 (a/anhui/1/2013) influenza a virus: implications for biosecurity and wet markets. | during 2013, a novel avian-origin h7n9 influenza a virus (iav) emerged in china and subsequently caused large economic and public health burdens. we experimentally infected three common peridomestic wild mammals with h7n9 (a/anhui/1/2013) iav. striped skunks exhibited the highest burden of disease followed by raccoons and cottontail rabbits. striped skunks also produced the highest levels of viral shedding (up to 10(6.4)pfu/ml nasal flush) followed by cottontail rabbits (up to 10(5.8)pfu/ml nasa ... | 2016 | 26550948 |
| pb2 subunit of avian influenza virus subtype h9n2: a pandemic risk factor. | avian influenza viruses of subtype h9n2 that are found worldwide are occasionally transmitted to humans and pigs. furthermore, by co-circulating with other influenza subtypes, they can generate new viruses with the potential to also cause zoonotic infections, as observed in 1997 with h5n1 or more recently with h7n9 and h10n8 viruses. comparative analysis of the adaptive mutations in polymerases of different viruses indicates that their impact on the phylogenetically related h9n2 and h7n9 polymer ... | 2016 | 26560088 |
| avian influenza a(h7n9) virus and mixed live poultry-animal markets in guangdong province: a perfect storm in the making? | 2015 | 26576340 | |
| rapid genome sequencing and characterization of novel avian-origin influenza a h7n9 virus directly from clinical sample by semiconductor sequencing. | recent outbreaks of severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome have attracted much public interest. rapid and accurate diagnosis of the causative agent is key for an adequate response to suspected outbreaks. | 2015 | 26580409 |
| a modeling study of human infections with avian influenza a h7n9 virus in mainland china. | since february 2013, more than 400 laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian influenza a h7n9 infection have been reported in mainland china. little is known of the dynamics of this novel virus in poultry and human populations, which is essential for developing effective long-term control strategies for this zoonosis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of screening and culling of infected poultry on the evolution of the h7n9 epidemic. | 2015 | 26585941 |
| nosocomial transmission of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in china: epidemiological investigation. | can avian influenza a (h7n9) virus be transmitted between unrelated individuals in a hospital setting? | 2015 | 26586515 |
| nosocomial transmission of avian influenza virus a (h7n9). | 2015 | 26586650 | |
| t cell epitope redundancy: cross-conservation of the tcr face between pathogens and self and its implications for vaccines and autoimmunity. | t cells are extensively trained on 'self' in the thymus and then move to the periphery, where they seek out and destroy infections and regulate immune response to self-antigens. t cell receptors (tcrs) on t cells' surface recognize t cell epitopes, short linear strings of amino acids presented by antigen-presenting cells. some of these epitopes activate t effectors, while others activate regulatory t cells. it was recently discovered that t cell epitopes that are highly conserved on their tcr fa ... | 2016 | 26588466 |
| influenza virus emitted by naturally-infected hosts in a healthcare setting. | the emergence of novel respiratory viruses such as avian influenza a(h7n9) virus and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) highlights the importance of understanding determinants of transmission to healthcare workers (hcws) and the public. | 2015 | 26590688 |
| [a severe h7n9 bird flu virus patient complicated acinetobacter baumannii infection: a syndrome analysis of one case]. | 2015 | 26591373 | |
| identification of a small-molecule inhibitor of influenza virus via disrupting the subunits interaction of the viral polymerase. | assembly of the heterotrimeric influenza virus polymerase complex from the individual subunits pb1, pa, and pb2 is a prerequisite for viral replication, in which the interaction between the c terminal of pa (pac) and the n-terminal of pb1 (pb1n) may be a desired target for antiviral development. in this study, we compared the feasibility of high throughput screening by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and fluorescence polarization assay. among the two, elisa was demonstrated to own broa ... | 2016 | 26593979 |
| prediction of the next highly pathogenic avian influenza pandemic that can cause illness in humans. | in recent years, avian influenza viruses (aivs) have seriously threatened human health. questions such as: why do aivs infect humans?, how quickly can an aiv become pandemic?, and which virus is the most dangerous? cannot be sufficiently answered using current bioinformatic studies. | 2015 | 26612517 |
| a novel approach for preparation of the antisera reagent for potency determination of inactivated h7n9 influenza vaccines. | the potency of inactivated influenza vaccines is determined using a single-radial immunodiffusion (srid) assay and requires standardized reagents consisting of a reference antigen and an influenza strain-specific antiserum. timely availability of reagents is a critical step in influenza vaccine production, and the need for backup approaches for reagent preparation is an important component of pandemic preparedness. | 2016 | 26616263 |
| live bird exposure among the general public, guangzhou, china, may 2013. | a novel avian-origin influenza a(h7n9) caused a major outbreak in mainland china in early 2013. exposure to live poultry was believed to be the major route of infection. there are limited data on how the general public changes their practices regarding live poultry exposure in response to the early outbreak of this novel influenza and the frequency of population exposure to live poultry in different areas of china. | 2015 | 26623646 |
| pro-inflammatory cytokine dysregulation is associated with novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in primary human macrophages. | since march 2013, more than 500 laboratory-confirmed human h7n9 influenza a virus infection cases have been recorded, with a case fatality rate of more than 30%. clinical research has shown that cytokine and chemokine dysregulation contributes to the pathogenicity of the h7n9 virus. here, we investigated cytokine profiles in primary human macrophages infected with the novel h7n9 virus, using cytokine antibody arrays. the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly tnf-α, were incr ... | 2016 | 26644088 |
| putative suppressing effect of igg fc-conjugated haemagglutinin (ha) stalk of influenza virus h7n9 on the neutralizing immunogenicity of fc-conjugated ha head: implication for rational design of ha-based influenza vaccines. | the emergence of influenza a h7n9 in infection has posed a great threat to public health globally. poor immunogenicity of h7n9 haemagglutinin (ha) is a major obstacle to the development of an effective h7n9 vaccine. here, we found that the vaccine containing the h7ha head conjugated with igg fc (hd-fc) induced strong neutralizing antibody responses and protection against h7n9 infection, whilst the fc-conjugated h7ha stalk (st-fc)-based vaccine could not induce neutralizing antibodies, although t ... | 2016 | 26653217 |
| changes in the length of the neuraminidase stalk region impact h7n9 virulence in mice. | the neuraminidase stalk of the newly emerged h7n9 influenza virus possesses a 5-amino-acid deletion. this study focuses on characterizing the biological functions of h7n9 with varied neuraminidase stalk lengths. results indicate that the 5-amino-acid deletion had no impact on virus infectivity or replication in vitro or in vivo compared to that of a virus with a full-length stalk, but enhanced virulence in mice was observed for h7n9 encoding a 19- to 20-amino-acid deletion, suggesting that n9 st ... | 2015 | 26656694 |
| identification of climate factors related to human infection with avian influenza a h7n9 and h5n1 viruses in china. | human influenza infections display a strongly seasonal pattern. however, whether h7n9 and h5n1 infections correlate with climate factors has not been examined. here, we analyzed 350 cases of h7n9 infection and 47 cases of h5n1 infection. the spatial characteristics of these cases revealed that h5n1 infections mainly occurred in the south, middle, and northwest of china, while the occurrence of h7n9 was concentrated in coastal areas of east and south of china. aside from spatial-temporal characte ... | 2015 | 26656876 |
| development of a high-yield reassortant influenza vaccine virus derived from the a/anhui/1/2013 (h7n9) strain. | in april 2013, the first three fatal cases of human infection with an avian influenza a virus (h7n9) were reported in china. because of a pandemic threat by this virus, we have commenced to develop candidate vaccine viruses (cvvs). three 6:2 genetic reassortant viruses with different hemagglutinin (ha) sequences, niidrg-10, -10.1 and -10.2, were generated by a reverse genetics technique between the high egg-growth master virus, a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1) and a/anhui/1/2013 (h7n9), kindly provided ... | 2016 | 26657023 |
| generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to avian influenza h5n1 hemagglutinin protein. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus has in the past breached the species barrier from infected domestic poultry to humans in close contact. although human-to-human transmission has previously not been reported, hpai h5n1 virus has pandemic potential owing to gain of function mutation(s) and/or genetic reassortment with human influenza a viruses. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been used for diagnosis as well as specific therapeutic candidates in several disease conditions inclu ... | 2015 | 26683184 |
| poultry food products--a source of avian influenza virus transmission to humans? | global human mobility and intercontinental connectivity, expansion of livestock production and encroachment of wildlife habitats by invasive agricultural land use contribute to shape the complexity of influenza epidemiology. the onehealth approach integrates these and further elements into considerations to improve disease control and prevention. food of animal origin for human consumption is another integral aspect; if produced from infected livestock such items may act as vehicles of spread of ... | 2016 | 26686812 |
| avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infection in 2 travelers returning from china to canada, january 2015. | in january 2015, british columbia, canada, reported avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infection in 2 travelers returning from china who sought outpatient care for typical influenza-like illness. there was no further spread, but serosurvey findings showed broad population susceptibility to h7n9 virus. travel history and timely notification are critical to emerging pathogen detection and response. | 2016 | 26689320 |
| risk distribution of human infections with avian influenza h7n9 and h5n1 virus in china. | it has been documented that the epidemiological characteristics of human infections with h7n9 differ significantly between h5n1. however, potential factors that may explain the different spatial distributions remain unexplored. we use boosted regression tree (brt) models to explore the association of agro-ecological, environmental and meteorological variables with the occurrence of human cases of h7n9 and h5n1, and map the probabilities of occurrence of human cases. live poultry markets, density ... | 2015 | 26691585 |
| prevalence and characteristics of hypoxic hepatitis in the largest single-centre cohort of avian influenza a(h7n9) virus-infected patients with severe liver impairment in the intensive care unit. | avian influenza a(h7n9) virus (a(h7n9)) emerged in february 2013. liver impairment of unknown cause is present in 29% of patients with a(h7n9) infection, some of whom experience severe liver injury. hypoxic hepatitis (hh) is a type of acute severe liver injury characterized by an abrupt, massive increase in serum aminotransferases resulting from anoxic centrilobular necrosis of liver cells. in the intensive care unit (icu), the prevalence of hh is ∼1%-2%. here, we report a 1.8% (2/112) incidence ... | 2016 | 26733380 |
| species difference in anp32a underlies influenza a virus polymerase host restriction. | influenza pandemics occur unpredictably when zoonotic influenza viruses with novel antigenicity acquire the ability to transmit amongst humans. host range breaches are limited by incompatibilities between avian virus components and the human host. barriers include receptor preference, virion stability and poor activity of the avian virus rna-dependent rna polymerase in human cells. mutants of the heterotrimeric viral polymerase components, particularly pb2 protein, are selected during mammalian ... | 0 | 26738596 |
| the pb1 segment of an influenza a virus h1n1 2009pdm isolate enhances the replication efficiency of specific influenza vaccine strains in cell culture and embryonated eggs. | influenza vaccine strains (ivss) contain the haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genome segments of relevant circulating strains in the genetic background of influenza a/pr/8/1934 virus (pr8). previous work has shown that the nature of the pb1 segment may be a limiting factor for the efficient production of ivss. here, we showed that the pb1 segment (pb1gi) from the 2009 pandemic influenza a virus (iav) a/giessen/06/2009 (gi wt, h1n1pdm) may help to resolve (some of) these limitations. we ... | 2016 | 26743314 |
| a highly immunogenic vaccine against a/h7n9 influenza virus. | since the first case of human infection in march 2013, continued reports of h7n9 cases highlight a potential pandemic threat. highly immunogenic vaccines to this virus are urgently needed to protect vulnerable populations who lack protective immunity. in this study, an egg- and adjuvant-independent adenoviral vector-based, hemagglutinin h7 subtype influenza vaccine (had-h7ha) demonstrated enhanced cell-mediated immunity as well as serum antibody responses in a mouse model. most importantly, this ... | 2016 | 26765287 |
| discovery of influenza a virus sequence pairs and their combinations for simultaneous heterosubtypic targeting that hedge against antiviral resistance. | the multiple circulating human influenza a virus subtypes coupled with the perpetual genomic mutations and segment reassortment events challenge the development of effective therapeutics. the capacity to drug most rnas motivates the investigation on viral rna targets. 123,060 segment sequences from 35,938 strains of the most prevalent subtypes also infecting humans-h1n1, 2009 pandemic h1n1, h3n2, h5n1 and h7n9, were used to identify 1,183 conserved rna target sequences (≥15-mer) in the internal ... | 2016 | 26771381 |
| discovery of highly potent inhibitors targeting the predominant drug-resistant s31n mutant of the influenza a virus m2 proton channel. | with the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h7n9 and h5n1 strains, there is a pressing need to develop direct-acting antivirals (daas) to combat such deadly viruses. the m2-s31n proton channel of the influenza a virus (a/m2) is one of the validated and most conserved proteins encoded by the current circulating influenza a viruses; thus, it represents a high-profile drug target for therapeutic intervention. we recently discovered a series of s31n inhibitors with the general str ... | 2016 | 26771709 |
| high thermostability of the newly emerged influenza a (h7n9) virus. | 2016 | 26777313 | |
| is a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 fragment recombined in pb1 the key for the epidemic of the novel aiv h7n9 in china, 2013? | a novel avian influenza a h7n9 virus that infects humans was identified in china in 2013. this study is the first to comprehensively investigate the characteristics of genomic recombination, rather than reassortment, which has been the subject of investigation in previously reported studies. | 2016 | 26778522 |
| pb2-588 v promotes the mammalian adaptation of h10n8, h7n9 and h9n2 avian influenza viruses. | human infections with avian influenza h7n9 or h10n8 viruses have been reported in china, raising concerns that they might cause human epidemics and pandemics. however, how these viruses adapt to mammalian hosts is unclear. here we show that besides the commonly recognized viral polymerase subunit pb2 residue 627 k, other residues including 87e, 292 v, 340 k, 588 v, 648 v, and 676 m in pb2 also play critical roles in mammalian adaptation of the h10n8 virus. the avian-origin h10n8, h7n9, and h9n2 ... | 2016 | 26782141 |
| the hemagglutinin stem-binding monoclonal antibody vis410 controls influenza virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. | most cases of severe influenza are associated with pulmonary complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), and no antiviral drugs of proven value for treating such complications are currently available. the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting the stem of the influenza virus surface hemagglutinin (ha) is a rapidly developing strategy for the control of viruses of multiple ha subtypes. however, the mechanisms of action of these antibodies are not fully understood, and their ... | 2016 | 26787699 |
| amino acid substitutions that affect receptor binding and stability of the hemagglutinin of influenza a/h7n9 virus. | receptor-binding preference and stability of hemagglutinin have been implicated as crucial determinants of airborne transmission of influenza viruses. here, amino acid substitutions previously identified to affect these traits were tested in the context of an a/h7n9 virus. some combinations of substitutions, most notably g219s and k58i, resulted in relatively high affinity for α2,6-linked sialic acid receptor and acid and temperature stability. thus, the hemagglutinin of the a/h7n9 virus may ado ... | 2016 | 26792744 |
| histopathological findings in a critically ill patient with avian influenza a (h7n9). | to date, data regarding the pulmonary histopathology of human h7n9 disease are scarce. we herein describe a patient with a severe case of avian influenza a (h7n9). a chest computerized tomography (ct) scan showed diffuse ground-glass opacities and consolidation throughout the lungs. a resection of pulmonary bullae in the right middle lobe was performed by video-assisted thoracic surgery (vats) based on the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) supportive technique on the 23(rd) day after th ... | 2015 | 26793388 |
| h7n9 live attenuated influenza vaccine is highly immunogenic, prevents virus replication, and protects against severe bronchopneumonia in ferrets. | avian influenza viruses continue to cross the species barrier, and if such viruses become transmissible among humans, it would pose a great threat to public health. since its emergence in china in 2013, h7n9 has caused considerable morbidity and mortality. in the absence of a universal influenza vaccine, preparedness includes development of subtype-specific vaccines. in this study, we developed and evaluated in ferrets an intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) against h7n9 based on ... | 2016 | 26796670 |
| highly sensitive visual detection of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus based on the enzyme-induced metallization. | development of convenient but sensitive method for influenza detection is highly important in immediate and effective clinical treatment. in this study, an ultrasensitive colorimetric approach combining the advantages of the convenience of the enzyme-induced metallization and the high specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of influenza virus a (h7n9 as model) has been developed. two rounds of amplification are utilized to enhance the detection sensitivity. the amplifi ... | 2016 | 26797249 |
| platform technology to generate broadly cross-reactive antibodies to α-helical epitopes in hemagglutinin proteins from influenza a viruses. | we have utilized a de novo designed two-stranded α-helical coiled-coil template to display conserved α-helical epitopes from the stem region of hemagglutinin (ha) glycoproteins of influenza a. the immunogens have all the surface-exposed residues of the native α-helix in the native ha protein of interest displayed on the surface of the two-stranded α-helical coiled-coil template. this template when used as an immunogen elicits polyclonal antibodies which bind to the α-helix in the native protein. ... | 2016 | 26799790 |
| a new perspective on c-reactive protein in h7n9 infections. | the avian influenza h7n9 virus can cause cytokine overproduction and result in severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. many studies have focused on hypercytokinemia during avian influenza infection. this study examined the association between c-reactive protein (crp) and cytokines. | 2016 | 26809124 |
| a case report demonstrating the utility of next generation sequencing in analyzing serial samples from the lung following an infection with influenza a (h7n9) virus. | bacterial pneumonia is a well-recognized sequela of patient suffering from influenza, and a key factor, with cytokine dysregulation, that contribute to severe disease and mortality. | 2016 | 26826577 |
| severe infection with avian influenza a virus is associated with delayed immune recovery in survivors. | human infection with avian influenza a virus (h7n9) is a concern because of the mortality rate. previously, we characterized immunological responses during active infection with it and reported evidence of impaired antigen-presenting capability, particularly in severely affected individuals. here we describe an investigation of immunological responses during a 1-year follow-up of survivors of h7n9 infection. survivors of h7n9 infection were classified as having had mild (n = 42) or severe infect ... | 2016 | 26844470 |
| genomic signatures for avian h7n9 viruses adapting to humans. | an avian influenza a h7n9 virus emerged in march 2013 and caused a remarkable number of human fatalities. genome variability in these viruses may provide insights into host adaptability. we scanned over 140 genomes of the h7n9 viruses isolated from humans and identified 104 positions that exhibited seven or more amino acid substitutions. approximately half of these substitutions were identified in the influenza ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex. although pb2 627k of the avian virus promotes replic ... | 2016 | 26845764 |
| glycosylation of residue 141 of subtype h7 influenza a hemagglutinin (ha) affects ha-pseudovirus infectivity and sensitivity to site a neutralizing antibodies. | human infections with h7 subtype influenza virus have been reported, including an h7n7 outbreak in netherlands in 2003 and h7n9 infections in china in 2013. previously, we reported murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize the antigenic site a of h7 hemagglutinin (ha). to better understand protective immunity of h7 vaccines and vaccine candidate selection, we used these mabs to assess the antigenic relatedness among two h7 ha isolated from past human infections and determine residues th ... | 2016 | 26862918 |
| efficacy of oseltamivir-peramivir combination therapy compared to oseltamivir monotherapy for influenza a (h7n9) infection: a retrospective study. | since the novel h7n9 avian influenza outbreak occurred in china in 2013, neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) such as oseltamivir and peramivir have been used as first-line drugs to treat the influenza virus infection. this study aimed to compare the efficacy of oseltamivir-peramivir combination therapy versus oseltamivir monotherapy. | 2015 | 26864456 |
| association between the severity of influenza a(h7n9) virus infections and length of the incubation period. | in early 2013, a novel avian-origin influenza a(h7n9) virus emerged in china, and has caused sporadic human infections. the incubation period is the delay from infection until onset of symptoms, and varies from person to person. few previous studies have examined whether the duration of the incubation period correlates with subsequent disease severity. | 2016 | 26885816 |
| differences in the epidemiology and virology of mild, severe and fatal human infections with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus. | a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus caused 5-10 % mild and 30.5 % fatal human infections as of december 10, 2015. in order to investigate the reason for the higher rate of fatal outcome of this infection, this study compared the molecular epidemiology and virology of avian influenza a (h7n9) viruses from mild (n = 14), severe (n = 50) and fatal (n = 35) cases, as well as from non-human hosts (n = 73). the epidemiological results showed that the average age of the people in the mild, severe an ... | 2016 | 26887968 |
| reassortment of avian influenza a/h6n6 viruses from live poultry markets in guangdong, china. | since early 2013, h7n9-subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) has caused human infection in eastern china. to evaluate aiv contamination and the public risk of infection, we systematically implemented environmental sampling from live poultry markets in guangdong province. through real-time polymerase chain reaction assays and next-generation sequencing, we generated full nucleotide sequences of all 10 h6n6 aivs isolated during sampling. focusing on sequence analyses of hemagglutinin genes of the 10 ... | 2016 | 26903958 |
| phylogenetic and pathotypic characterization of newcastle disease viruses circulating in south china and transmission in different birds. | although newcastle disease virus (ndv) with high pathogenicity has frequently been isolated in poultry in china since 1948, the mode of its transmission among avian species remains largely unknown. given that various wild bird species have been implicated as sources of transmission, in this study we genotypically and pathotypically characterized 23 ndv isolates collected from chickens, ducks, and pigeons in live bird markets (lbms) in south china as part of an h7n9 surveillance program during de ... | 2016 | 26903997 |
| cross-reactivity between avian influenza a (h7n9) virus and divergent h7 subtypic- and heterosubtypic influenza a viruses. | the number of human avian h7n9 influenza infections has been increasing in china. understanding their antigenic and serologic relationships is crucial for developing diagnostic tools and vaccines. here, we evaluated the cross-reactivities and neutralizing activities among h7 subtype influenza viruses and between h7n9 and heterosubtype influenza a viruses. we found strong cross-reactivities between h7n9 and divergent h7 subtypic viruses, including h7n2, h7n3, and h7n7. antisera against h7n2, h7n3 ... | 2016 | 26907865 |
| inactivated antigen of the h7n9 influenza virus protects mice from its lethal infection. | the h7n9 influenza virus emerged in february 2013 in china, and underlies over 20% of human mortality in the country. many efforts are being made to develop an effective vaccine against this highly pathogenic virus. we made h7n9 vaccine virus with six internal genes of a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and two surface genes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from a/anhui/1/2013 (h7n9) by reverse genetics, and the h7n9 vaccine antigens were produced in eggs. protective antibodies were induced in mice immunized wi ... | 2016 | 26910526 |
| a novel peptide with potent and broad-spectrum antiviral activities against multiple respiratory viruses. | a safe, potent and broad-spectrum antiviral is urgently needed to combat emerging respiratory viruses. in light of the broad antiviral activity of β-defensins, we tested the antiviral activity of 11 peptides derived from mouse β-defensin-4 and found that a short peptide, p9, exhibited potent and broad-spectrum antiviral effects against multiple respiratory viruses in vitro and in vivo, including influenza a virus h1n1, h3n2, h5n1, h7n7, h7n9, sars-cov and mers-cov. the antiviral activity of p9 w ... | 2016 | 26911565 |
| mammalian pathogenesis and transmission of h7n9 influenza viruses from three waves, 2013-2015. | three waves of human infection with h7n9 influenza viruses have concluded to date, but only viruses within the first wave (isolated between march and september 2013) have been extensively studied in mammalian models. while second- and third-wave viruses remain closely linked phylogenetically and antigenically, even subtle molecular changes can impart critical shifts in mammalian virulence. to determine if h7n9 viruses isolated from humans during 2013 to 2015 have maintained the phenotype first i ... | 2016 | 26912620 |
| sharing experiences from a reference laboratory in the public health response for ebola viral disease, mers-cov and h7n9 influenza virus investigations. | an efficient public health preparedness and response plan for infectious disease management is important in recent times when emerging and exotic diseases that hitherto were not common have surfaced in countries with potential to spread outside borders. stewardship from a reference laboratory is important to take the lead for the laboratory network, to proactively set up disease surveillance, provide referral diagnostic services, on-going training and mentorship and to ensure coordination of an ... | 2016 | 26919957 |
| emergence and development of h7n9 influenza viruses in china. | the occurrence of human infections with avian h7n9 viruses since 2013 demonstrates the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in china. influenza surveillance and phylogenetic analyses showed that these viruses were generated by multiple interspecies transmissions and reassortments among the viruses resident in domestic ducks and the h9n2 viruses enzootic in chickens. a large population of domestic ducks hosting diverse influenza viruses provided the precondition for ... | 2016 | 26922715 |
| immunopotentiation of different adjuvants on humoral and cellular immune responses induced by ha1-2 subunit vaccines of h7n9 influenza in mice. | in spring 2013, human infections with a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus were reported in china. the number of cases has increased with over 200 mortalities reported to date. however, there is currently no vaccine available for the h7 subtype of influenza a virus. virus-specific cellular immune responses play a critical role in virus clearance during influenza infection. in this study, we undertook a side-by-side evaluation of two different adjuvants, salmonella typhimurium flagellin (flic) ... | 2016 | 26930068 |
| adjuvant corticosteroid treatment in adults with influenza a (h7n9) viral pneumonia. | to determine the impact of adjuvant corticosteroids administered to patients hospitalized with influenza a (h7n9) viral pneumonia. | 2016 | 26934144 |
| safety, immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of a northern hemisphere 2013-2014 seasonal trivalent inactivated split influenza virus vaccine, anflu®. | anflu® is a seasonal trivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine manufactured by sinovac biotech co., ltd. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety of anflu® (2013-14 formulation: h1n1, h3n2 and byam) in infants and adults and its immunogenicity and cross-reactivity against mismatched influenza b lineage and avian influenza a(h7n9) viruses (hereafter bvic and h7n9, respectively) in adults. in this phase iv open label trial, infants 6-35 months old (n=61) each received tw ... | 2016 | 26934750 |
| a north american h7n3 influenza virus supports reassortment with 2009 pandemic h1n1 and induces disease in mice without prior adaptation. | reassortment between h5 or h9 subtype avian and mammalian influenza a viruses (iav) can generate a novel virus that causes disease and transmits between mammals. such information is currently not available for h7 subtype viruses. we evaluated the ability of a low-pathogenicity north american avian h7n3 virus (a/shorebird/delaware/22/2006) to reassort with mammalian or avian viruses using a plasmid-based competition assay. in addition to genome segments derived from an avian h7n9 virus, the h7n3 ... | 2016 | 26937034 |
| h7n9 influenza virus neutralizing antibodies that possess few somatic mutations. | avian h7n9 influenza viruses are group 2 influenza a viruses that have been identified as the etiologic agent for a current major outbreak that began in china in 2013 and may pose a pandemic threat. here, we examined the human h7-reactive antibody response in 75 recipients of a monovalent inactivated a/shanghai/02/2013 h7n9 vaccine. after 2 doses of vaccine, the majority of donors had memory b cells that secreted iggs specific for h7 ha, with dominant responses against single ha subtypes, althou ... | 2016 | 26950424 |
| [determination of influenza virus h5n1 and h7n9 using masa technology]. | to set up a new rapid method for the rapid determination of influenza virus h5n1 and h7n9 basing on the multi-analyte suspension array (masa) technology. sequence analysis and design of degenerate primers and specific probes were set in the comparison and analysis of h5, n1, h7 and n9 genes. in combination with masa technology, these primers and probes were used for the determination of samples of h5n1 and h7n9 and other subtypes ( h1n1, ph1n1, h5n2, h3n2 and h9n2). we developed a rapid determin ... | 2015 | 26951004 |
| a novel small-molecule inhibitor of influenza a virus acts by suppressing pa endonuclease activity of the viral polymerase. | the rna-dependent rna polymerase of influenza a virus comprises conserved and independently-folded subdomains with defined functionalities. the n-terminal domain of the pa subunit (pa(n)) harbors the endonuclease function so that it can serve as a desired target for drug discovery. to identify a class of anti-influenza inhibitors that impedes pa(n) endonuclease activity, a screening approach that integrated the fluorescence resonance energy transfer based endonuclease inhibitory assay with the d ... | 2016 | 26956222 |
| seasonality of influenza a(h7n9) virus in china-fitting simple epidemic models to human cases. | three epidemic waves of influenza a(h7n9) (hereafter 'h7n9') human cases have occurred between march 2013 and july 2015 in china. however, the underlying transmission mechanism remains unclear. our main objective is to use mathematical models to study how seasonality, secular changes and environmental transmission play a role in the spread of h7n9 in china. | 2016 | 26963937 |
| an ensemble distance measure of k-mer and natural vector for the phylogenetic analysis of multiple-segmented viruses. | the natural vector combined with hausdorff distance has been successfully applied for classifying and clustering multiple-segmented viruses. additionally, k-mer methods also yield promising results for global genome comparison. it is not known whether combining these two approaches can lead to more accurate results. the author proposes a method of combining the hausdorff distances of the 5-mer counting vectors and natural vectors which achieves the best classification without cutting off any sam ... | 2016 | 26972479 |
| phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity assessment of two strains of avian influenza virus subtype h9n2 isolated from migratory birds: high homology of internal genes with human h10n8 virus. | two human-infecting avian influenza viruses (aivs), h7n9 and h10n8, have emerged in china, which further indicate that the h9n2 subtype of aivs, as an internal gene donor, may have an important role in the generation of new viruses with cross-species transmissibility and pathogenicity. h9n2 viruses that contain such internal genes widely exist in poultry but are rarely reported in migratory birds. in this study, two strains of the h9n2 virus were isolated from fecal samples of migratory birds in ... | 2016 | 26973600 |
| avian influenza viruses, inflammation, and cd8(+) t cell immunity. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) circulate naturally in wild aquatic birds, infect domestic poultry, and are capable of causing sporadic bird-to-human transmissions. aivs capable of infecting humans include a highly pathogenic aiv h5n1, first detected in humans in 1997, and a low pathogenic aiv h7n9, reported in humans in 2013. both h5n1 and h7n9 cause severe influenza disease in humans, manifested by acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, and high mortality rates of 60% and 35% ... | 2016 | 26973644 |
| human h7n9 virus induces a more pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine but an attenuated interferon response in human bronchial epithelial cells when compared with an epidemiologically-linked chicken h7n9 virus. | avian influenza virus h7n9 has jumped species barrier, causing sporadic human infections since 2013. we have previously isolated an h7n9 virus from a patient, and an h7n9 virus from a chicken in a live poultry market where the patient visited during the incubation period. these two viruses were genetically highly similar. this study sought to use a human bronchial epithelial cell line model to infer the virulence of these h7n9 viruses in humans. | 2016 | 26975414 |
| characteristic amino acid changes of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus pa protein enhance a(h7n9) viral polymerase activity. | human coinfection with a novel h7n9 influenza virus and the 2009 pandemic a(h1n1) influenza virus, h1n1pdm09, has recently been reported in china. because reassortment can occur during coinfection, it is necessary to clarify the effects of gene reassortment between these two viruses. among the viral ribonucleoprotein complex (vrnp) genes, only the pa gene of h1n1pdm09 enhances the avian influenza viral polymerase activity. based on a phylogenetic analysis, we show a special evolutionary feature ... | 2016 | 26980671 |
| nosocomial co-transmission of avian influenza a(h7n9) and a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses between 2 patients with hematologic disorders. | a nosocomial cluster induced by co-infections with avian influenza a(h7n9) and a(h1n1)pdm09 (ph1n1) viruses occurred in 2 patients at a hospital in zhejiang province, china, in january 2014. the index case-patient was a 57-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who had been occupationally exposed to poultry. he had co-infection with h7n9 and ph1n1 viruses. a 71-year-old man with polycythemia vera who was in the same ward as the index case-patient for 6 days acquired infection with h7n9 a ... | 2016 | 26982379 |
| the effect of probiotic treatment on patients infected with the h7n9 influenza virus. | a novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus emerged and spread among humans in eastern china in 2013. prophylactic treatment with antibiotics and probiotics for secondary infection is as important as antiviral treatment. this study aims to assess the ability of probiotic treatment to restore internal homeostasis under antibiotic pressure and to reduce/ameliorate the risk of secondary infections resulting from infection with the h7n9 virus. | 2016 | 26987119 |
| comparison of pathogenicities of h7 avian influenza viruses via intranasal and conjunctival inoculation in cynomolgus macaques. | the outbreak of h7n9 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in china has attracted attention to h7 influenza virus infection in humans. since we have shown that the pathogenicity of h1n1 and h5n1 influenza viruses in macaques was almost the same as that in humans, we compared the pathogenicities of h7 avian influenza viruses in cynomolgus macaques via intranasal and conjunctival inoculation, which mimics natural infection in humans. h7n9 virus, as well as h7n7 highly pathogenic avian influenza v ... | 2016 | 26994587 |
| characterization of a novel h3n2 influenza virus isolated from domestic ducks in china. | cases of human infection with a novel h7n9 avian influenza virus (aiv) were first reported in march 2013, which caused 115 deaths within a single year. beyond that, other subtypes of h7 aiv were isolated from poultry in eastern china during the same period, including h7n7 and h7n2 aiv. in the present study, a subtype h3n2 aiv was isolated from ducks from anhui province, china. sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that seven gene segments of this virus showed the highest sequence homology ... | 2016 | 27000112 |
| genetically diverse low pathogenicity avian influenza a virus subtypes co-circulate among poultry in bangladesh. | influenza virus surveillance, poultry outbreak investigations and genomic sequencing were assessed to understand the ecology and evolution of low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) a viruses in bangladesh from 2007 to 2013. we analyzed 506 avian specimens collected from poultry in live bird markets and backyard flocks to identify influenza a viruses. virus isolation-positive specimens (n = 50) were subtyped and their coding-complete genomes were sequenced. the most frequently identified subtyp ... | 2016 | 27010791 |
| analysis of the immunogenicity and bioactivities of a split influenza a/h7n9 vaccine mixed with mf59 adjuvant in balb/c mice. | the h7n9 influenza virus caused significant mortality and morbidity in humans during an outbreak in china in 2013. a recombinant h7n9 influenza seed with hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) gene segments from a/zhejiang/dtid-zju01/2013(h7n9) and six internal protein gene segments from a/puerto rico/8/34(h1n1; pr8) were generated using reverse genetics. we sought to determine the immunogenic, protective properties, and mechanisms of a split avian influenza a/h7n9 vaccine mixed with mf59 adj ... | 2016 | 27013436 |
| two outbreak sources of influenza a (h7n9) viruses have been established in china. | due to enzootic infections in poultry and persistent human infections in china, influenza a (h7n9) virus has remained a public health threat. the yangtze river delta region, which is located in eastern china, is well recognized as the original source for h7n9 outbreaks. based on the evolutionary analysis of h7n9 viruses from all three outbreak waves since 2013, we identified the pearl river delta region as an additional h7n9 outbreak source. h7n9 viruses are repeatedly introduced from these two ... | 2016 | 27030268 |
| the novel h7n9 influenza a virus ns1 induces p53-mediated apoptosis of a549 cells. | h7n9, emerged as an avian influenza virus outbreak in eastern china in early 2013, and represented another major threat to global health. roles of its ns1 protein, an essential viral factor, in regulating apoptosis remain unknown. | 2016 | 27035671 |
| emergency surveillance for novel influenza a(h7n9) virus in domestic poultry, feral pigeons and other wild birds in bhutan. | following the march 2013 outbreak of novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in humans and the subsequent isolation of the virus from chickens, ducks and pigeons in the people's republic of china, concerns were raised that the h7n9 virus would spread beyond china through the poultry value chain linking to a number of bordering countries. for this reason, a rapid emergency surveillance exercise took place in bhutan between may and july 2013 with the objective of determining whether influenza a(h7n9) ... | 2015 | 27044154 |
| dynamic quantification of avian influenza h7n9(a) virus in a human infection during clinical treatment using droplet digital pcr. | this study involved a human infection with avian influenza h7n9(a) virus in zhejiang province, the first one after implementing the closure measures of living poultry markets in china. the clinical symptoms, epidemiological and virological characteristics of the case were described briefly, and as the emphasis, h7n9 virus was detected quantitatively and continuously from the collected samples in 10 different periods of the patient's treatment in order to reveal changes of viral load in patient's ... | 2016 | 27058642 |
| adaptive amino acid substitutions enhance the virulence of a novel human h7n9 influenza virus in mice. | to identify molecular features that confer enhanced h7n9 virulence in mammals, we independently generated three mouse-adapted variants of a/shanghai/2/2013 (h7n9) by serial passage in mice. the mouse lethal doses (mld50) of the mouse-adapted variants were reduced >1000-100000-fold when compared to the parental virus. adapted variants displayed enhanced replication kinetics in vivo, and were capable of replicating in multiple organs. analysis of adapted viral genomes revealed a total of 14 amino ... | 2016 | 27066703 |
| characterization of influenza vaccine hemagglutinin complexes by cryo-electron microscopy and image analyses reveals structural polymorphisms. | influenza virus afflicts millions of people worldwide on an annual basis. there is an ever-present risk that animal viruses will cross the species barrier to cause epidemics and pandemics resulting in great morbidity and mortality. zoonosis outbreaks, such as the h7n9 outbreak, underscore the need to better understand the molecular organization of viral immunogens, such as recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) proteins, used in influenza virus subunit vaccines in order to optimize vacci ... | 2016 | 27074939 |
| multiple natural substitutions in avian influenza a virus pb2 facilitate efficient replication in human cells. | a strong restriction of the avian influenza a virus polymerase in mammalian cells generally limits viral host-range switching. although substitutions like e627k in the pb2 polymerase subunit can facilitate polymerase activity to allow replication in mammals, many human h5n1 and h7n9 viruses lack this adaptive substitution. here, several previously unknown, naturally occurring, adaptive substitutions in pb2 were identified by bioinformatics, and their enhancing activity was verified using in vitr ... | 2016 | 27076644 |
| avian influenza viruses that cause highly virulent infections in humans exhibit distinct replicative properties in contrast to human h1n1 viruses. | avian influenza viruses present an emerging epidemiological concern as some strains of h5n1 avian influenza can cause severe infections in humans with lethality rates of up to 60%. these have been in circulation since 1997 and recently a novel h7n9-subtyped virus has been causing epizootics in china with lethality rates around 20%. to better understand the replication kinetics of these viruses, we combined several extensive viral kinetics experiments with mathematical modelling of in vitro infec ... | 2016 | 27080193 |
| broadly-reactive neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies directed against the h7 influenza virus hemagglutinin reveal divergent mechanisms of protection. | in the early spring of 2013, chinese health authorities reported several cases of h7n9 influenza virus infections in humans. since then the virus has established itself at the human-animal interface in eastern china and continues to cause several hundred infections annually. in order to characterize the antibody response to the h7n9 virus we generated several mouse monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin of the a/shanghai/1/13 (h7n9) virus. of particular note are two monoclonal antibodie ... | 2016 | 27081859 |
| hemagglutinin amino acids related to receptor specificity could affect the protection efficacy of h5n1 and h7n9 avian influenza virus vaccines in mice. | the continuous and sporadic human transmission of highly pathogenic avian h5n1 and h7n9 influenza viruses illustrates the urgent need for efficacious vaccines. however, all tested vaccines for the h5n1 and h7n9 viruses appear to be poorly immunogenic in mammals. in this study, a series of vaccines was produced using reverse genetic techniques that possess ha and na genes from the h5n1 virus in the genetic background of the high-yield strain a/pr/8/34 (h1n1). meanwhile, a group of h7n9 vlp vaccin ... | 2016 | 27083426 |
| bioinformatics studies of influenza a hemagglutinin sequence data indicate recombination-like events leading to segment exchanges. | the influenza genome is highly variable due primarily to two mechanisms: antigenic drift and antigenic shift. a third mechanism for genetic change, known as copy choice or template switching, can arise during replication when, if two viral strains infect a cell, a part of a gene from the second viral strain can be copied into the growing progeny of a gene of the first viral strain as replacement leading to a new variety of the virus. this template switching between the same genes of the two stra ... | 2016 | 27083561 |
| hemagglutinin of influenza a virus binds specifically to cell surface nucleolin and plays a role in virus internalization. | the hemagglutinin (ha) protein of influenza a virus initiates cell entry by binding to sialic acids on target cells. in the current study, we demonstrated that in addition to sialic acids, influenza a/puerto rico/8/34 h1n1 (pr8) virus ha specifically binds to cell surface nucleolin (ncl). the interaction between ha and ncl was initially revealed with virus overlay protein binding assay (vopba) and subsequently verified with co-immunoprecipitation. importantly, inhibiting cell surface ncl with nc ... | 2016 | 27085069 |
| the replication of bangladeshi h9n2 avian influenza viruses carrying genes from h7n3 in mammals. | h9n2 avian influenza viruses are continuously monitored by the world health organization because they are endemic; they continually reassort with h5n1, h7n9 and h10n8 viruses; and they periodically cause human infections. we characterized h9n2 influenza viruses carrying internal genes from highly pathogenic h7n3 viruses, which were isolated from chickens or quail from live-bird markets in bangladesh between 2010 and 2013. all of the h9n2 viruses used in this study carried mammalian host-specific ... | 2016 | 27094903 |
| influenza virus hemagglutinin glycoproteins with different n-glycan patterns activate dendritic cells in vitro. | influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) n-glycans play important regulatory roles in the control of virus virulence, antigenicity, receptor-binding specificity, and viral escape from the immune response. considered essential for controlling innate and adaptive immune responses against influenza virus infections, dendritic cells (dcs) trigger proinflammatory and adaptive immune responses in hosts. in this study, we engineered chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell lines expressing recombinant ha from pandem ... | 2016 | 27099319 |
| residues in the pb2 and pa genes contribute to the pathogenicity of avian h7n3 influenza a virus in dba/2 mice. | replication and transmission of avian influenza virus in humans poses a pandemic threat. the molecular determinants that facilitate this process are not well understood. we used dba/2 mice to identify viral factors that mediate the difference in pathogenesis between a virulent (h7n3) and a non-virulent (h7n9) avian influenza virus from north america. in vitro and in vivo characterization of reassortant viruses identified the pb2 and pa polymerase genes as major determinants of h7n3 pathogenesis. ... | 2016 | 27105450 |
| rig-i ligand enhances the immunogenicity of recombinant h7ha protein. | avian h7n9 influenza virus infection with fatal outcomes continues to pose a pandemic threat and highly immunogenic vaccines are urgently needed. in this report we show that baculovirus-derived recombinant h7 hemagglutinin protein, when delivered with rig-i ligand, induced enhanced antibody and t cell responses and conferred protection against lethal challenge with a homologous h7n9 virus. these findings indicate the potential utility of rig-i ligands as vaccine adjuvants to increase the immunog ... | 2017 | 27106062 |
| clinical evaluation of the new high-throughput luminex nxtag respiratory pathogen panel assay for multiplex respiratory pathogen detection. | a broad range of viral and bacterial pathogens can cause acute respiratory tract infection. for rapid detection of a broad respiratory pathogen spectrum, multiplex real-time pcr is ideal. this study evaluated the performance of the new luminex nxtag respiratory pathogen panel (nxtag-rpp) in comparison with the biofire filmarray respiratory panel (fa-rp) or singleplex real-time pcr as reference. a total of 284 clinical respiratory specimens and 3 influenza a/h7n9 viral culture samples were tested ... | 2016 | 27122380 |
| detection and typing of human-infecting influenza viruses in china by using a multiplex dna biochip assay. | rapid identification of the infections of specific subtypes of influenza viruses is critical for patient treatment and pandemic control. here we report the application of multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) coupled with membrane-based dna biochip to the detection and discrimination of the type (a and b) and subtype (human h1n1, human h3n2, avian h5n1 and avian h7n9) of influenza viruses in circulation in china. a multiplex one-step rt-pcr assay was designed to simu ... | 2016 | 27150046 |
| multiple gene mutations identified in patients infected with influenza a (h7n9) virus. | influenza a (h7n9) virus induced high mortality since 2013. it is important to elucidate the potential genetic variations that contribute to virus infection susceptibilities. in order to identify genetic mutations that might increase host susceptibility to infection, we performed exon sequencing and validated the snps by sanger sequencing on 18 h7n9 patients. blood samples were collected from 18 confirmed h7n9 patients. the genomic dna was captured with the agilent sureselect human all exon kit, ... | 2016 | 27156515 |
| microrna regulation of human genes essential for influenza a (h7n9) replication. | influenza a viruses are important pathogens of humans and animals. while seasonal influenza viruses infect humans every year, occasionally animal-origin viruses emerge to cause pandemics with significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates. in march 2013, the public health authorities of china reported three cases of laboratory confirmed human infection with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus, and subsequently there have been many cases reported across south east asia and recently in north americ ... | 2016 | 27166678 |
| genomic characterization of influenza a (h7n9) viruses isolated in shenzhen, southern china, during the second epidemic wave. | there were three epidemic waves of human infection with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in 2013-2014. while many analyses of the genomic origin, evolution, and molecular characteristics of the influenza a (h7n9) virus have been performed using sequences from the first epidemic wave, genomic characterization of the virus from the second epidemic wave has been comparatively less reported. in this study, an in-depth analysis was performed with respect to the genomic characteristics of 11 h7n9 virus ... | 2016 | 27169600 |
| surveillance and response systems for elimination of tropical diseases: summary of a thematic series in infectious diseases of poverty. | the peer-reviewed journal infectious diseases of poverty provides a new platform to engage with, and disseminate in an open-access format, science outside traditional disciplinary boundaries. the current piece reviews a thematic series on surveillance-response systems for elimination of tropical diseases. overall, 22 contributions covering a broad array of diseases are featured - i.e. clonorchiasis, dengue, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (hiv/aids), h ... | 2016 | 27179509 |