Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| ring tests to evaluate the performance of porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays used in north american diagnostic laboratories. | two laboratory studies involving 11 laboratories were undertaken to assess the performance of north american porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays. laboratories received identical submissions containing randomly coded positive and negative control samples, and serially diluted pcv-2-spiked samples. in study 1 and 2, respectively, spiked samples contained measured amounts of pcv-2 virus or dna. all but 1 assay detected dna in the most concentrated spiked sample. ther ... | 2009 | 19337389 |
| retrospective serological survey of porcine circovirus-2 infection in mexico. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is considered a multifactorial emerging disease of which porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) is the necessary infectious cause. however, retrospective studies have shown that pmws is not a new disease and that pcv-2 has been circulating in pig farms for years. most of these studies were performed in europe and asia; only a few were performed in north or south america. a pcv-2 retrospective serological survey was carried out with 659 serum samples collec ... | 2009 | 19337391 |
| jnk and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways contribute to porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | infection with a wide variety of viruses often perturbs host cell signaling pathways including the jun nh(2)-terminal kinase/stress-activated kinase (jnk/sapk) and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/mapk), which are important components of cellular signal transduction pathways. the present study demonstrated for the first time that porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), which is the primary causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, can activa ... | 2009 | 19339353 |
| real-time pcr to detect and analyze virulent ppv loads in artificially challenged sows and their fetuses. | to establish a real-time polymerase chain reaction with sybr green for detection and quantification of porcine parvovirus (ppv) in porcine tissues, two primers specific for the non-structural protein 1 gene were designed. the detection limit of this assay was 3-23 gene copies/reaction, equivalent to 0.001 tcid(50)/ml. the assay was linear over a 10(6) dilution range of template concentrations. other porcine pathogens involved in reproductive disorders (porcine circovirus 2, porcine reproductive ... | 2009 | 19345523 |
| genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 in korean pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome during 2005-2007. | the comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence was conducted with 9 porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strains isolated from pcv2-infected pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and 50 tissue samples obtained from pcv2-infected 50 pigs with pmws during 2005-2007. at amino acid positions 88-89 of the orf2 gene, 50 korean pcv2 had amino acids pr/l consistent with group 1 pcv2, whereas 9 korean pcv2 contained amino acids ki, characteristic of group 2 pcv2. phylogene ... | 2009 | 19346706 |
| pig-major acute phase protein and haptoglobin serum concentrations correlate with pcv2 viremia and the clinical course of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the aim of the present longitudinal study was to assess the evolution of two acute phase proteins (apps), pig-major acute phase protein (pig-map) and haptoglobin (hpt), in serum from pigs that developed postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in comparison to healthy and wasted non-pmws affected pigs. in addition, evidence of infection with other pathogens and its relation with variations in apps concentrations was also assessed. fourteen independent batches of 100-154 pigs were monito ... | 2009 | 19356864 |
| effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination of the dam on pcv2 replication in utero. | the aims of this study were to determine if porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination of the dam is effective in preventing fetal pcv2 infection and reproductive failure. twelve pregnant, pcv2-naïve sows were randomly divided into four groups, with three sows in each group. group 1 sows served as noninoculated, nonvaccinated negative controls, group 2 sows were vaccinated with a commercially available pcv2 vaccine at 28 days of gestation and were not inoculated, group 3 sows were vaccinated a ... | 2009 | 19357312 |
| recombination of two porcine circovirus type 2 strains. | pigs can be concurrently infected with different pcv2 strains. in this study, a cell-culture-adapted pcv2 strain, originating from a pmws-affected pig, was purified by limiting dilution. three different strains were obtained, and one of them was a perfect mosaic of the other two, with recombination breakpoints in orf1 and orf2. incongruence was observed between phylogenetic trees constructed with the whole genome, orf1 and orf2. amplification of orf1 and orf2 from original material, followed by ... | 2009 | 19365602 |
| one dose of a porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) sub-unit vaccine administered to 3-week-old conventional piglets elicits cell-mediated immunity and significantly reduces pcv2 viremia in an experimental model. | the immunogenicity and efficacy generated by one dose of a pcv2 sub-unit vaccine (porcilis pcv) were evaluated in 3-week-old conventional piglets. vaccination induced both humoral and cell-mediated responses against pcv2, which were increased after the challenge with a pcv2 genotype "b" isolate. high levels of maternally derived antibodies (ipma >or= 10 log(2)) at the time of vaccination were found to interfere with the active seroconversion, whereas titres below 8 log(2) allowed the development ... | 2009 | 19379787 |
| application of a protocol for the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in italy. | samples of superficial inguinal and bronchial lymph nodes, ileum, tonsil and lung were taken from three to five pigs on each of 61 farms with a clinical history of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the samples were examined histologically and by immunohistochemistry for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). pmws was diagnosed in two stages: first, an evaluation of the haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections that identified the cases in which the characteristic pcv-2 cytoplasmic inc ... | 2009 | 19395716 |
| development and evaluation of an indirect in situ polymerase chain reaction for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. | taking advantage of the high sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the cell-localizing ability of in situ hybridization (ish), an indirect in situ pcr (ispcr) method was developed for detecting the distribution of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded inguinal lymph nodes obtained from clinically healthy pcv2-carrier pigs and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs. comparisons of the relative sensitivity of indirect ispcr w ... | 2009 | 19414228 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus as a vector: immunogenicity of green fluorescent protein and porcine circovirus type 2 capsid expressed from dedicated subgenomic rnas. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent of prrs, which is characterized by late-term abortions in sows and respiratory disease in young pigs. using an infectious cdna clone of north american prrsv strain p129, the viral genome was engineered to transcribe an additional subgenomic rna initiating between non-structural and structural genes. two unique restriction sites and a copy of the transcription regulatory sequence for orf6 (trs6) were inserted betwe ... | 2009 | 19423145 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica aroa mutant as a live vaccine vehicle for heterologous porcine circovirus type 2 major capsid protein expression. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infections cause important respiratory diseases in the pig industry and are associated with many bacterial, mycoplasmal, and viral complications. in this study, a heterologous pcv2 major capsid protein (mcp) was expressed in the bordetella bronchiseptica aroa mutant strain (bbs-mcp) and used as a live vaccine vehicle. mice and pigs were immunized with live bbs-mcp via the intranasal route. the antibodies against mcp were induced successfully in the serum as deter ... | 2009 | 19428194 |
| rapid detection of porcine parvovirus dna by sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a method of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) was employed to develop a rapid and simple detection system for porcine parvovirus (ppv) dna. the amplification could be finished in 45 min under isothermal condition at 62 degrees c by employing a set of four primers targeting vp2 gene of ppv. lamp assay showed higher sensitivity than pcr, with a detection limit of 5 copies of ppv genomic dna per reaction. no cross reactivity was observed from the samples of other related viruses includi ... | 2009 | 19428576 |
| a blocking elisa for the detection of antibodies to psittacine beak and feather disease virus (bfdv). | currently, the only diagnostic test available routinely for the sero-diagnosis of bfdv is the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) assay. this test, whilst useful and applicable to samples from a wide range of psittacine birds, is not an ideal assay; it requires erythrocytes from live animals, virus purified from the feathers of infected birds and polyclonal antibody preparations in order to perform the assay. variations in these reagents make consistency between tests difficult to achieve, undersc ... | 2009 | 19428582 |
| efficacy of different disinfectants in vitro against porcine circovirus type 2. | 2009 | 19429941 | |
| limited susceptibility of three different mouse (mus musculus) lines to porcine circovirus-2 infection and associated lesions. | porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad), a major global problem for pork producers, is characterized microscopically by depletion and histiocytic replacement of follicles in the lymphoid tissues. the objectives of this study were to determine 1) if porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) inoculated mice (mus musculus) can develop pcv-2 associated lymphoid lesions and serve as a model for pcvad, and 2) if differences in pcv-2 host susceptibility exist among mice lines. three groups (n = 48/group) of 4 ... | 2009 | 19436587 |
| the effect of vaccination against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) on the porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) load in porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) affected pigs. | a diagnostic project was initiated across the united states in 2006 to improve the understanding of porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvad) as well as to identify co-factors in pcvad-affected farms. a porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) dna real-time polymerase chain reaction quantitation (qpcr) was established according to a published method and sera from a total of 23pig farms across the united states were examined for viral loads for pcv-2 and analyzed for any possible effects of porcine repr ... | 2009 | 19436588 |
| a quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for beak and feather disease virus. | pcr-based assays for the detection of bfdv dna are in widespread use throughout the world. quantitative real-time pcr assays are extremely sensitive and have the advantages over standard pcr assays that they do not require post-reaction processing to visualise pcr products and can quantify the amount of dna present in a sample. this study describes a quantitative real-time pcr assay for the detection of bfdv dna, using primers designed to amplify a conserved 81 bp fragment of orfv1 and syto9, a ... | 2009 | 19442852 |
| replication of porcine circoviruses. | porcine circoviruses are circular single-stranded dna viruses that infect swine and wild boars. two species of porcine circoviruses exist. porcine circovirus type 1 is non pathogenic contrary to porcine circovirus type 2 which is associated with the disease known as post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. porcine circovirus dna has been shown to replicate by a rolling circle mechanism. other studies have revealed similar mechanisms of rolling-circle replication in plasmids and single-strand ... | 2009 | 19450240 |
| induction of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs from pmws unaffected herds following mingling with pigs from pmws-affected herds. | in this paper we present the results from two experimental studies (i and ii) investigating whether post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) can be induced in pigs from pmws unaffected herds by mingling with pigs from pmws-affected herds and to observe whether transportation and/or mingling of healthy pigs from unaffected herds could induce pmws. the studies comprised pigs from 12 different herds. eight herds had pmws while four were unaffected. all 12 herds were found to be infected w ... | 2009 | 19450937 |
| multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr for inclusive detection of major swine dna and rna viruses in pigs with multiple infections. | multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr were developed to identify nine viruses in pigs with multiple infections. these viruses are: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), suid herpesvirus 1, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), japanese encephalitis virus, porcine rotavirus a (porv-a), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and getah virus. these methods were shown to be high specificity and sensitivity. in the ... | 2009 | 19467264 |
| distribution of antibodies against porcine circovirus type-2 (pcv2) in single site and multi-site farrow-to-finish farms in brazil. | a comparative serologic study was performed in seven single site (ss) farrow-to-finish farms and four multi-site (ms) farrow-to-finish farms, with or without post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in each farm, 30 blood samples were collected for each category of the production cycle: sows, farrowing crate, nursery, grower pigs, and finishing pigs. sera were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to porcine circovirus type-2 (pcv2) via immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. serologic p ... | 2009 | 19467684 |
| individual risk factors for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs: a hierarchical bayesian survival analysis. | risk factors for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) at the pig level were identified using data from a longitudinal study in seven pmws-affected farms in france. in each farm, a representative sample of 120 pigs (180 in one farm) was randomly selected after farrowing and followed from birth to slaughter. individual information included serological status for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus, and porcine parvovirus (ppv) ... | 2009 | 19477031 |
| genetic variation analysis of chinese strains of porcine circovirus type 2. | forty chinese pcv2 strains collected between 2004 and 2008 were sequenced and their genetic variations were analyzed together with nine previous pcv2 isolates. phylogenetic analysis indicated that these chinese pcv2 strains could be divided into four genotypes (pcv-2a, pcv-2b, pcv-2d and pcv-2e), and the genotype pcv-2c defined in denmark was not found. pcv-2d and pcv-2e were two genotypes firstly determined in our study. variation analysis of amino acids of capsid protein revealed that chinese ... | 2009 | 19540280 |
| exploratory study on the transcriptional profile of pigs subclinically infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | the aim of this exploratory work was to use a microarray-based approach to study the global transcriptome profile of caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (cdcd) piglets experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). pcv2-inoculated piglets developed a subclinical infection, as confirmed by serology, in situ hybridization and quantitative pcr. total rna from mesenteric lymph nodes and lungs was obtained by duplicate from 2 control and 2 pcv2-inoculated piglets and was hybridized ... | 2009 | 19544206 |
| effect of natural or vaccine-induced porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) immunity on fetal infection after artificial insemination with pcv2 spiked semen. | the objectives of this study were to determine if vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) or previous pcv2 infection of the dam are sufficient to prevent fetal infection when dams are artificially inseminated with pcv2-spiked semen. nine sows (sus domestica) were allocated into three groups of three dams each: the pcv2 naïve negative control group 1 was artificially inseminated with extended pcv2 dna negative semen during estrus, whereas the extended semen used in the vaccinated gro ... | 2009 | 19559470 |
| regulator of g protein signalling 16 is a target for a porcine circovirus type 2 protein. | interaction studies have suggested that the non-structural protein encoded by open reading frame 3 (orf3) of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) binds specifically to a regulator of g protein signalling (rgs) related to human rgs16 (hurgs16). the full-length clone of rgs16 was generated from porcine cells and sequence analysis revealed a close relationship to hurgs16 and murine rgs16. in vitro pull-down experiments verified an interaction between porcine rgs16 (porgs16) and orf3 from pcv2. using gs ... | 2009 | 19570954 |
| diverse circovirus-like genome architectures revealed by environmental metagenomics. | single-stranded dna (ssdna) viruses with circular genomes are the smallest viruses known to infect eukaryotes. the present study identified 10 novel genomes similar to ssdna circoviruses through data-mining of public viral metagenomes. the metagenomic libraries included samples from reclaimed water and three different marine environments (chesapeake bay, british columbia coastal waters and sargasso sea). all the genomes have similarities to the replication (rep) protein of circoviruses; however, ... | 2009 | 19570956 |
| transmission of different variants of pcv2 and viral dynamics in a research facility with pigs mingled from pmws-affected herds and non-affected herds. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) has been identified in most swine-producing countries worldwide. the disease has resulted in significant health challenges and economic damage to the swine industry. the aim of this study was to determine horizontal transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and to examine viral dynamics in pigs in a controlled pmws transmission study. in the study pigs from pmws-affected herds and non-affected herds were permitted to have close contact (s ... | 2009 | 19576705 |
| pathogen exposure in feral swine populations geographically associated with high densities of transitional swine premises and commercial swine production. | surveys for evidence of exposure to pseudorabies virus (prv), brucella suis, swine influenza virus (siv; human-like h1n1, reassortant type h1n1, h1n2-like h1n1 and h3n2), porcine circovirus 2 (pcv 2), and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) in feral swine (sus scrofa) were conducted in areas where feral swine were geographically associated with high densities of transitional swine premises in south carolina and high densities of commercial swine production in north caroli ... | 2009 | 19617481 |
| interferon-mediated enhancement of in vitro replication of porcine circovirus type 2 is influenced by an interferon-stimulated response element in the pcv2 genome. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is an economically important swine pathogen. it has been shown that treatment of pcv2-infected cells with interferon gamma (inf-gamma) or alpha (ifn-alpha) increases pcv2 replication in vitro, and that an interferon-stimulated response element (isre)-like sequence was identified in the pcv2 genome. to determine if the isre is involved in viral response to ifns, several isre mutants of pcv2 were created by serial mutations of the isre sequence. treatment of isre m ... | 2009 | 19631245 |
| immunohistochemical detection of aetiological agents of proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in italian pigs. | proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (pnp) is a form of interstitial pneumonia that occurs in weaning and post-weaning pigs. pnp is characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type ii pneumocytes and coagulative necrosis and granular debris within alveolar spaces. canadian and european studies suggest that the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are the main causes of the disease, but aujezsky's disease virus (adv) and swine inf ... | 2010 | 19631945 |
| development of primer-probe energy transfer real-time pcr for the detection and quantification of porcine circovirus type 2. | a real-time pcr assay, based on primer-probe energy transfer (priproet), was developed to improve the detection and quantification of porcine circovirus type 2 (pvc2). pcv2 is recognised as the essential infectious agent in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and has been associated with other disease syndromes such as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) and porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). since circoviruses commonly occur in the pig populations and ther ... | 2009 | 19635716 |
| porcine circoviruses--small but powerful. | when porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) was isolated more than 40 years ago as a non-pathogenic contaminant of a porcine kidney cell line, enthusiasm and curiosity kept within reasonable limits. virologists became more interested, when a second variant was isolated and termed pcv2, because pcv2 is linked to postweaning multisystemic wasting disease (pmws), a new emerging multifactorial disease in swine. both pcv1 and pcv2 are small and rather simply organized and express only few proteins. therefo ... | 2009 | 19647885 |
| prevalence of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs sired by 13 hungarian landrace boars. | between february 20 and october 31, 2003, 2034 sows were inseminated with semen collected from 13 hungarian landrace boars. altogether 16,013 piglets were born: 13,801 (86.2 per cent) alive, 796 (4.97 per cent) stillborn and 156 (0.97 per cent) mummified. a total of 1260 (7.87 per cent) of the pigs developed signs of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in the groups of sows inseminated with semen from each of the 13 boars, the percentages of farrowings producing piglets with signs ... | 2009 | 19648639 |
| comparative study of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. | in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry with different types of antibody (monoclonal vs. polyclonal, natural vs. synthetic) was compared to detect porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from pigs with experimentally and naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. pcv2 dna and antigen was detected in tissues from both experimentally and naturally infected pigs by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. statistical ... | 2009 | 19652494 |
| heterologous expression of full-length capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 in escherichia coli and its potential use for detection of antibodies. | a capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv 2) serves as a diagnostic antigen for the detection of pcv 2-associated disease known as a postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this report, a bacterial expression system was developed for the expression and purification of the full-length pcv 2 capsid (cap) protein from a codon-optimized cap gene. replacement of rare arginine codons located at the 5' end of the cap reading frame with codons optimal for e. coli was found to overcome ... | 2009 | 19664658 |
| the optimized capsid gene of porcine circovirus type 2 expressed in yeast forms virus-like particles and elicits antibody responses in mice fed with recombinant yeast extracts. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated diseases are considered to be the biggest problem for the worldwide swine industry. the pcv2 capsid protein (cap) is an important antigen for development of vaccines. at present, most anti-pcv2 vaccines are produced as injectable formulations. although effective, these vaccines have certain drawbacks, including stress with concomitant immunosuppresion, and involve laborious and time-consuming procedures. in this study, saccharomyces cerevisiae was used ... | 2009 | 19664739 |
| phylogenetic and recombination analysis of genomic sequences of pcv2 isolated in korea. | the complete genomic sequences of 13 pcv2 viruses obtained between 2005 and 2007 were analyzed in order to determine their phylogenetic relationship and identify possible recombination events between pcv2a and pcv2b. twelve pcv2b viruses and one pcv2a virus were identified by phylogenetic analysis. notably, two pcv2b viruses (pf163 and c7201-1) were shown to belong to the 1b subgroup of pcv2b, which had not been previously reported in korea. theses two viruses were also predicted to be possible ... | 2009 | 19693660 |
| differential proteome analysis of host cells infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which is an emerging swine immunosuppressive disease. to uncover cellular protein responses in pcv2-infected pk-15 cells, the comprehensive proteome profiles were analyzed utilizing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) coupled with maldi-tof/tof identification. multiple comparisons of 2-de revealed that the majority of changes in protein expression occurred at 48-96 h after pcv2 i ... | 2009 | 19708719 |
| interference of porcine circovirus type 2 orf2 immunogenicity by orf1 and orf3 mixed dna immunizations in mice. | little is known about the influences of other porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) proteins on the immunogenicity of cap protein. here we constructed plasmids expressing the orf1 (porf1) and orf3 (porf3) of pcv2, and mixed either of them with the plasmid expressing orf2 (porf2) as combined dna vaccines, to compare their immunogenicity and protective efficacy. our data revealed that porf1 reduced the cap-specific cd8(+)cell frequency, and both porf1 and porf3 attenuated the cap-specific th1 and post- ... | 2009 | 19709712 |
| immunogenicity of bacteriophage lambda particles displaying porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) capsid protein epitopes. | phage lambda particles displaying four immunodominant regions of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) capsid protein (ldp-d-cap) was shown to be immunogenic in pigs. the immunodominant regions were fused to the carboxyl-terminal of lambda head protein d. expression of d-cap on lambda display particles was demonstrated by elisa and western blots. pigs receiving ldp-d-cap, without incorporating adjuvant, showed significant anti-pcv2 immune response following the primary vaccination. the ldp-d-cap preparati ... | 2009 | 19712770 |
| evaluation of the safety of four porcine circovirus type 2 tissue homogenate vaccines in a pig bioassay. | ten four-week-old porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) naive piglets were housed individually in a hepa-filtered isolator and were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups. each of the two pigs in groups 1 to 4 received two intramuscular doses of 2 ml of one of four different autogenous tissue homogenate vaccines (thvs) 14 days apart, and the other two pigs received 2 ml of pcv-2 virus or sterile phosphate buffered saline. when the piglets were euthanased 14 days after the second dose, the ... | 2009 | 19717831 |
| influence of husbandry and control measures on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) dynamics within a farrow-to-finish pig farm: a modelling approach. | we assessed, using a modelling approach, the influence of several management practices within a farrow-to-finish farm on the age of pcv-2 infection. the impact of pcv-2 vaccination with different vaccination schemes on infection dynamics, was also tested. a stochastic individual-based model describing the population dynamics in a typical french farrow-to-finish pig farm was built and coupled with an epidemiological model of pcv-2 infection. the parameters of the infectious model were mainly obta ... | 2009 | 19720410 |
| porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) induces a procoagulant state in naturally infected swine and in cultured endothelial cells. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus disease (pcvd). pcvd is an emerging disease that has been reported worldwide, associated with wasting, lymphoid depletion, enteritis, pneumonia, vasculitis, ischemic lesions, and necrotizing dermatitis. although pcvd causes considerable economic losses, the pathogenesis of pcv2 has not been fully understood. the aim of the present work was to study the participation of hemostatic system and of vascular endothelium i ... | 2010 | 19733020 |
| antigen-capture blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a baculovirus recombinant antigen to differentiate transmissible gastroenteritis virus from porcine respiratory coronavirus antibodies. | a new commercially available antigen-capture, blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (antigen-capture b-elisa), based on baculovirus truncated-s recombinant protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and 3 specific monoclonal antibodies, was developed and evaluated by examining a panel of 453 positive porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcov), 31 positive tgev, and 126 negative field sera by using another commercially available differential coronavirus b-elisa as the reference techn ... | 2009 | 19737754 |
| optimal probe size and fixation time for the detection of porcine circovirus-2 dna by in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. | probe size and fixation time for detecting porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) by in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from experimentally infected pigs were optimized. in situ hybridization using a 169-base pair (bp) probe detected significantly fewer pcv-2-positive cells than when using 8 other larger probes (p < 0.05). the difference in hybridization intensity between smaller probes (169 and 225 bp) and larger probes (416, 473, 571, 631, 693, and 753 bp) was statist ... | 2009 | 19737760 |
| systemic toxoplasmosis and concurrent porcine circovirus-2 infection in a pig. | systemic toxoplasmosis and concurrent infection with porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) was diagnosed in a fattening pig. clinical examination of the herd showed that up to 30% of the pigs of this weight group suffered from severe respiratory signs including sneezing and coughing, with a mortality rate of up to 5%. gross necropsy examination revealed severe interstitial pneumonia and generalized lymphadenopathy. on microscopical examination there was necrotizing inflammation of the lung, adrenal gland ... | 2010 | 19740479 |
| occurrence and tissue distribution of porcine circovirus type 2 identified by immunohistochemistry in danish finishing pigs at slaughter. | infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) may be subclinical or lead to the development of porcine circovirus disease (pcvd), which includes the entities of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). pcv2 infection and pmws occur in the early post-weaning period and are also recognized in finishing pigs of 12-19 weeks of age. the aim of the present study was to assess the role of pcv2 infection in disease of finishing pigs. accord ... | 2010 | 19744669 |
| genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs in republic of korea. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, 38 pcv2 cases obtained from different pig farms with different health conditions in republic of korea were sequenced and analyzed. phylogenetic analysis showed that our cases had a greater variation and the existence of two pcv2 groups with at least four subgroups (1a, 1c, 2d, and 2e). most cases obtained from pmws-affected herds were in group 1, whereas cases with no clin ... | 2010 | 19744683 |
| detection of a novel porcine boca-like virus in the background of porcine circovirus type 2 induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) has been found to be the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). however, pcv-2 is a ubiquitous virus in the swine population and a majority of pigs infected with pcv-2 do not develop the disease. different factors such as age, maintenance, the genetics of pcv-2, other pathogens, etc. have been suggested to contribute to the development of pmws. however, so far no proven connection between any of these factors and the disease develo ... | 2009 | 19748534 |
| novel circular dna viruses in stool samples of wild-living chimpanzees. | viral particles in stool samples from wild-living chimpanzees were analysed using random pcr amplification and sequencing. sequences encoding proteins distantly related to the replicase protein of single-stranded circular dna viruses were identified. inverse pcr was used to amplify and sequence multiple small circular dna viral genomes. the viral genomes were related in size and genome organization to vertebrate circoviruses and plant geminiviruses but with a different location for the stem-loop ... | 2010 | 19759238 |
| porcine parvovirus- and porcine circovirus 2-associated reproductive failure and neonatal mortality in crossbred indian pigs. | the objective of this study was to detect the presence of porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in a farm showing reproductive failure and increased mortality in neonatal piglets by histopathological examination, polymerase chain reaction, and demonstration of viral antigen and nucleic acid. out of 594 piglets farrowed by 70 first-parity gilts, nine (1.51%) mummified fetuses, 13 (2.19%) stillborn, and 572 (96.3%) live-born piglets were recorded. the average litter size at birt ... | 2010 | 19763866 |
| airborne porcine circovirus in canadian swine confinement buildings. | porcine circovirus type 2 has been linked to many diseases, such as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and can be found in most commercial swine confinement buildings around the world. although the exact role of the virus in the appearance of disease in animals is not fully understood, the mechanisms responsible for the transmission of the virus are currently believed to happen mostly by contact. nevertheless, the possibility of airborne transmission cannot be rejected. this study invest ... | 2010 | 19773132 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine circovirus-associated disease. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) belongs to the viral family circoviridae and to the genus circovirus. circoviruses are small, single-stranded nonenveloped dna viruses that have an unsegmented circular genome. pcv2 is the primary causative agent of several syndromes collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). many of the syndromes associated with pcvad are a result of coinfection with pcv2 virus and other agents such as mycoplasma and porcine reproductive and respiratory ... | 2009 | 19780932 |
| frequent detection of highly diverse variants of cardiovirus, cosavirus, bocavirus, and circovirus in sewage samples collected in the united states. | untreated sewage samples from 12 cities in the united states were screened for the presence of recently characterized rna and dna viruses found at high prevalence in the stool specimens of south asian children. genetic variants of human cosaviruses and cardioviruses in the picornaviridae family and of dna circoviruses and human bocaviruses were detected, expanding the known genetic diversity and geographic range of these newly identified viruses. all four virus groups were detected in sewage sam ... | 2009 | 19794058 |
| a genetically engineered chimeric vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) improves clinical, pathological and virological outcomes in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome affected farms. | the present study describes the effects of a commercially available genetically engineered chimeric vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on clinical, pathological and virological features in three multi-site farms suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the vaccine product was able to reduce clinical signs, pcv2 viral load in lymphoid organs and/or sera, and overall mortality in nurseries and fattening units. this is the first time in which is shown that a p ... | 2009 | 19800439 |
| insights into the evolutionary history of an emerging livestock pathogen: porcine circovirus 2. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is the primary etiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), one of the most economically important emerging swine diseases worldwide. virulent pcv2 was first identified following nearly simultaneous outbreaks of pmws in north america and europe in the 1990s and has since achieved global distribution. however, the processes responsible for the emergence and spread of pcv2 remain poorly understood. here, phylogenetic and cophylogenetic inferen ... | 2009 | 19812157 |
| time course differential gene expression in response to porcine circovirus type 2 subclinical infection. | this study was aimed at characterizing the potential differences in gene expression in piglets inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the essential causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. seven-day-old caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were distributed into two groups: control (n = 8) and pigs inoculated with 10(5.2) tcid(50) of the burgos pcv2 isolate (n = 16). one control and three inoculated pigs were necropsied on days 1, 2, 5, and 8 post-infecti ... | 2010 | 19825344 |
| the open reading frame 3 (orf3) of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is dispensable for virus infection but evidence of reduced pathogenicity is limited in pigs infected by an orf3-null pcv2 mutant. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvad) in pigs. the open reading frame (orf) 3 of pcv2 reportedly induces apoptosis and is associated with pcv2 pathogenicity. in this study, we first created an orf3-null pcv2 mutant (mupcv2) by site-directed mutagenesis and demonstrated that the dimerized plasmid dna of mupcv2 clone is infectious when injected intramuscularly (i.m.) into pigs. subsequently, by using a well-characterized p ... | 2010 | 19852989 |
| cytokine mrna expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from piglets experimentally co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) significantly impact the swine industry worldwide. co-infections with these viruses are common and several lines of evidence suggest that both prrsv and pcv2 modify host immune responses that facilitate infection. this study examined cytokine mrna expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from piglets experimentally co-infected with prrsv and pcv2 to define the influence of co ... | 2010 | 19854008 |
| porcine ulcerative dermatitis syndrome in sows: a form of vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus? | severe ulcerative lesions were observed in the skin of two sows in a herd of 540 hybrid sows. annular to polycyclic, severe crusting dermal ulcerations were found on the abdomen and flanks; moderate lesions were also found at the base of the tail and on the perineum. the lesions were histologically characterised as cell-poor interface dermatitis and folliculitis, basal cell vacuolisation, vesicle formation at the dermal-epidermal junction and serocellular crusts. a subepidermal mild to moderate ... | 2009 | 19855113 |
| efficacy of different protocols of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in a farm affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | in order to control growing problems associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) several vaccines for piglets or sows were introduced recently. an objective of the study was to compare an efficacy of three different vaccination protocols in the herd with acute postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) outbreak affecting 3-month-old pigs. all of three applied protocols, namely vaccination of sows, piglets or sows and piglets with circovac proved to be efficacious in controlling of pm ... | 2010 | 19910048 |
| development and validation of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of prrsv. | to establish a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method for rapid detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), four primers specific to six regions of the n gene were designed. after amplification in an isothermal water bath for 1 h, samples containing prrsv generated the expected ladder-like products while porcine parvovirus, porcine circovirus, classic swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus, and swine testis cells generated no pr ... | 2010 | 19911264 |
| a study on the severity and relevance of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in dutch fattening pigs with respiratory diseases. | this study was set up to get more insights in the severity and relevance of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infections in dutch fattening farms in an endemic pcv2-situation with no clinical signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in part a of the study, in total 29 commercial fattening farms with varying percentages of pneumonia and pleurisy at slaughter were examined. blood samples were collected at random by cross-sectional sampling; 10 in the age of 10-12 weeks, 10 at th ... | 2010 | 19913367 |
| comparison of the effectiveness of passive (dam) versus active (piglet) immunization against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and impact of passively derived pcv2 vaccine-induced immunity on vaccination. | the objectives of this study were (1) to compare the efficacy of two different pcv2 vaccination protocols (colostrum-derived immunity versus piglet vaccination) in a conventional pcv2 growing pig challenge model and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of vaccinating piglets with the same vaccine used in the dams. two different commercially available vaccines (vac1; vac2) were used in the same experiment. seventy-eight piglets born to vaccinated or non-vaccinated sows were divided into 8 groups. a propo ... | 2010 | 19913369 |
| differential effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination on pcv2 genotypes at japanese pig farms. | infection of pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes a variety of disorders collectively referred to as porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvads). pcv2 isolates can be classified into two major types: pcv2a and pcv2b. in the present study, effects of vaccination on antibody titers in sera, pcv2 viremia, and shedding of pcv2 in feces were studied on japanese commercial pig farms where vaccination of piglets against pcv2 was performed using commercially available vaccines. the effe ... | 2010 | 19915335 |
| multiply-primed rolling-circle amplification (mprca) of pcv2 genomes: applications on detection, sequencing and virus isolation. | multiply-primed rolling-circle amplification (mprca) was used to amplify porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genomes isolated from tissues of pigs with signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). two of the amplified pcv2 genomes were cloned in prokaryotic plasmids and sequenced. both were nearly identical (1767 nt) except for one silent substitution in the region coding for the capsid protein (orf2). in addition, they showed high nucleotide sequence similarity with pcv2 isolates f ... | 2010 | 19917510 |
| development and evaluation of rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). | a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and a set of primers designed based on the e2 gene reference sequences of the csfv. the assay was optimized to amplify csfv rna by incubation at 63 degrees c for 50 min. the rt-lamp amplification products had a ladder-like appearance when electrophoresed on an agarose gel. the rt-lamp assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional rt-pcr, ... | 2010 | 19931578 |
| recombinant prrsv expressing porcine circovirus sequence reveals novel aspect of transcriptional control of porcine arterivirus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) expresses its genes via a set of nested subgenomic (sg) mrnas. such discontinuous transcription is unique yet poorly understood for arterivirus. the utilization of transcription-regulating sequence (trs) remains a puzzle, as many trs-like sequences exist in viral genome, yet only six or seven sg mrnas were transcribed in arterivirus infected cells. to investigate the transcriptional control of the porcine arterivirus, a recombinant prrs ... | 2010 | 19951727 |
| [cloning and analysis of the complete genomes of pigeon circovirus from zhejiang province]. | pigeon circovrius (picv) is a member of circovirus, which is usually regarded as an immunosuppression agent. there were reports that pigeons infected by picv showed symptoms of lethargy, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory distress, etc. in this study, we established a pcr method for the detection of picv dna. samples from 5 different farms in zhejiang province were examined and samples from a farm in hangzhou were positive. furthermore, the genomic segments of 2 strains of picv were am ... | 2009 | 19954112 |
| detection of truncated circular dna species in escherichia coli with a pcv2-containing plasmid with a single pcv2 origin of replication. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a small circular single-stranded dna virus that causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. cloning of the pcv2 genome in a plasmid allows the construction of infectious clones. our objective was to clone single pcv2 genomes from an isolate containing a mixture of strains, in a plasmid in order to obtain pure pcv2 strains. | 2010 | 19955818 |
| laboratory reporting accuracy of polymerase chain reaction testing for psittacine beak and feather disease virus. | diagnostic assays that use polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods are increasingly available to veterinarians. psittacine beak and feather disease virus (family circoviridae, genus circovirus) is a pathogen of clinical importance for which pcr assays have been developed. several laboratories offer this diagnostic assay in the united states; however, there is little information on the sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy of these assays. in this study, known positive (n = 10) and negative (n = ... | 2009 | 19999762 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 orf3 protein competes with p53 in binding to pirh2 and mediates the deregulation of p53 homeostasis. | the orf3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes apoptosis in virus-infected cells and is not essential for virus replication. the orf3 protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the pcv2 infection in mouse models and spf piglets. the orf3 protein interacts with the porcine homologue of pirh2 (ppirh2), a p53-induced ubiquitin-protein e3 ligase, which regulates p53 ubiquitination. here, we present our study analyzing the details of the molecular interaction between these th ... | 2010 | 20004925 |
| multiple diverse circoviruses infect farm animals and are commonly found in human and chimpanzee feces. | circoviruses are known to infect birds and pigs and can cause a wide range of severe symptoms with significant economic impact. using viral metagenomics, we identified circovirus-like dna sequences and characterized 15 circular viral dna genomes in stool samples from humans in pakistan, nigeria, tunisia, and the united states and from wild chimpanzees. distinct genomic features and phylogenetic analysis indicate that some viral genomes were part of a previously unrecognized genus in the circovir ... | 2010 | 20007276 |
| dietary aluminosilicate supplement enhances immune activity in mice and reinforces clearance of porcine circovirus type 2 in experimentally infected pigs. | aluminosilicate is the major component of clay minerals such as zeolite, bentonite and clinoptilolite. the minerals possess a number of beneficial activities, especially in regulating the immune system. the aims of the present study were to evaluate immune enhancing effects of dietary aluminosilicate supplement (das) in mice, and to demonstrate clearance effects of das against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in experimentally infected pigs as an initial step towards the development of an antibi ... | 2010 | 20022715 |
| replication efficiency of rolling-circle replicon-based plasmids derived from porcine circovirus 2 in eukaryotic cells. | in this study, a method was developed to measure replication rates of rolling-circle replicon-based plasmids in eukaryotic cells. this method is based on the discriminative quantitation of mboi-resistant, non-replicated input plasmids and dpni-resistant, replicated plasmids. to do so, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) replicon-based plasmids were constructed. these plasmids contained the pcv2 origin of replication, the pcv2 rep promoter and the pcv2 rep gene. the results show that the replication ... | 2010 | 20026194 |
| cellular adaptive immune response against porcine circovirus type 2 in subclinically infected pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a dominant causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), a multifactorial disease complex with putative immunosuppressive characteristics. little is known about adaptive pcv2-specific immune responses in infected pigs. therefore, the t and b cell responses following pcv2 infection in 3-week old spf piglets infected with pcv2 or pcv2 plus porcine parvovirus (ppv) were studied. | 2009 | 20028550 |
| [biological character of porcine circovirus type 2 with site mutation at interferon stimulation reaction element (isre) like region in rep gene promoter]. | to explore the biological function of the interferon stimulation reaction element (isre) like motif ctgaaaacgaaaga within porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) rep promoter. | 2009 | 20030061 |
| first report of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in cuba. | to obtain information about the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection status of pigs in cuba and the probable association of pcv2 with other porcine viruses, tissue samples collected from ill pigs were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr analysis showed that 67.7% of the samples (23/34) from seven swine herds of six different geographic regions were detected to be positive for pcv2. ten of the 23 pcv2 positive samples (43.5%) shown a concurrent infection with porcine pa ... | 2010 | 20031180 |
| genetic analysis of beak and feather disease virus derived from a cockatiel (nymphicus hollandicus) in japan. | psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd), which is caused by beak and feather disease virus (bfdv), has been reported in a wide range of psittacine species, except the cockatiel (nymphicus hollandicus), in which pbfd has rarely been reported. we detected bfdv from a case of pbfd in a cockatiel in the present study. the virus was designated co-ja. the whole genome sequence of co-ja had from 86 to 98% homology with bfdvs in psittacine species. co-ja clustered with isolates derived from other coc ... | 2010 | 20035119 |
| genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strains isolated between 2001 and 2009: genotype pcv2b predominate in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome occurrences in eastern china. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in the present study, we obtained sequences of 31 pcv2 isolates from different farms of 11 provinces of eastern china and analyzed the genetic characterization of 136 eastern china-derivate pcv2 isolated during 2001-2009. the results showed that these pcv2 isolates could be divided into two groups, pcv2b (108 of 1a/1b, 19 of 1c) and pcv2a (1 of 2a, 2 of 2d, 6 of 2e). among the ... | 2010 | 20043196 |
| prevalence of infection with porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in an integrated swine production system experiencing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of infection with porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) through a longitudinal study in an integrated swine production system (7 farms) experiencing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). risk factors for pcv-2 infection and for pcv-2 and prrsv coinfection were also evaluated. fifteen sows from each herd and 4 non-cross-fostered piglets from each sow were randomly selecte ... | 2009 | 20046634 |
| immunity conferred by an experimental vaccine based on the recombinant pcv2 cap protein expressed in trichoplusia ni-larvae. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination has been recently included as a measure to control postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in the field. aiming to obtain a more affordable vaccine to be extensively implemented in the field, a highly efficient non-fermentative expression platform based on trichoplusia ni (t. ni) larvae was used to produce a baculovirus-derived recombinant pcv2 cap protein (rcap) for vaccine purposes. vaccination of pigs with rcap induced solid protection ag ... | 2010 | 20056179 |
| vascular lesions in pigs experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 serogroup b. | vasculitis is a hallmark lesion of the severe form of systemic porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). in 2 experimental studies with porcine circovirus type 2 serogroup b (pcv2b), 2 pigs developed fatal pcvad with acute vasculitis, and 5 related pigs developed chronic lymphohistiocytic and plasmacytic peri- and endarteritis. five of these pigs (1 with acute vasculitis and 4 with chronic vasculitis) had also been inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv1) or bvdv1-like vir ... | 2010 | 20080495 |
| subcellular immunolocalization of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in lymph nodes from pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is one of the most significant porcine diseases worldwide. the causative agent is porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the smallest virus known to infect animals. data related to the structural and ultrastructural aspects of this infectious disease are sparse and there is little knowledge of the subcellular localization of pcv2 and its replication in the tissues of pigs naturally affected by pmws. the present study describes the cellular localizati ... | 2010 | 20096850 |
| selection of method is crucial for the diagnosis of porcine circovirus type 2 associated reproductive failures. | during a 2-month period a newly repopulated danish pig herd experienced an increase in numbers of stillborn and mummies, caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) associated reproductive failure. based on recordings of data over time, the progression of the clinical outbreak was studied and the diagnostic value of different techniques was evaluated. foetal hearts (38 cases and 13 controls) were examined by immunohistochemistry (ihc) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detectio ... | 2010 | 20097019 |
| emergence of a new type of porcine circovirus in swine (pcv): a type 1 and type 2 pcv recombinant. | in late september 2008, tissue samples from piglets experiencing an acute outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) were submitted to the veterinary diagnostic service of the university of montreal. several diagnostic assays were performed including a multiplex real-time quantitative pcr assay (mrtqpcr) for the detection and differentiation of porcine circovirus (pcv) type 2a and 2b genotypes in the lung and lymph nodes. the pig samples were found to be positive for pcv2a ... | 2010 | 20097492 |
| genotypic shift of porcine circovirus type 2 from pcv-2a to pcv-2b in spain from 1985 to 2008. | changes in porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) genotypes were evaluated before, during and after outbreaks of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in (1) a retrospective study using pig sera collected in spain from 1985 to 2008 and (2) a longitudinal study using pig sera collected from two farms in spain over periods of 7 and 14 years. in both studies, there was a rapid genotypic shift from pcv-2a to pcv-2b that was related to the peak of pmws epizootics in spain and the appearance o ... | 2011 | 20106683 |
| a unique isolate of beak and feather disease virus isolated from budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) in south africa. | beak and feather disease virus (bfdv), the causative agent of psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) infects psittaciformes worldwide. we provide an annotated sequence record of three full-length unique genomes of bfdv isolates from budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) from a breeding farm in south africa. the isolates share >99% nucleotide sequence identity with each other and approximately 96% nucleotide sequence identity to two recent isolates (melopsittacus undulatus) from thailand but ... | 2010 | 20127375 |
| bone marrow depletion with haemorrhagic diathesis in calves in germany: characterization of the disease and preliminary investigations on its aetiology. | since 2007 a new fatal haemorrhagic diathesis in calves has been observed in all areas of germany. analysis of 56 cases submitted for necropsy allowed its characterization. calves fell ill within the first month of life independent of breed and sex. only single or a few animals per herd were affected. petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages in many organs and tissues, particularly in skin, subcutis and gastrointestinal tract, were major findings in all animals. microscopically a severe depletion o ... | 2010 | 20135908 |
| detection and genotyping of porcine circovirus in naturally infected pigs by oligo-microarray. | a rapid and reliable method for the identification of porcine circovirus (pcv) genotypes based on oligonucleotide microarray hybridization has been developed. the genotype-specific oligonucleotides (22-30 mer) immobilized on the surface of glass slides were selected to bind to the multiple target sites within the replication gene that are conserved among individual pcv genotypes. cy5-labeled dna targets were amplified in a pcr with primers common to both genotypes. the identification of pcv geno ... | 2010 | 20137797 |
| lux real-time pcr assay for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2. | light upon extension real-time pcr (lux real-time pcr) assay was developed for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the primers flanking a 114 bp fragment were selected from orf1. the optimized assay could detect 20 viral copies of pbluescript sk+ plasmid containing inserted pcv2 dna. the dynamic range of quantitative analysis covered a 7-order interval ranging from 20 to 2 x 10(8) genome equivalents per assay with the best results in the range from 2 x 10(2) to 2 x 10(7) viral cop ... | 2010 | 20138916 |
| colostral transmission of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2): reproduction of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs fed milk from pcv-2-infected sows with post-natal porcine parvovirus infection or immunostimulation. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was reproduced in pigs fed colostrum and milk from porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2)-infected sows and infected post-natally with porcine parvovirus (ppv) or immunostimulated. pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally with either pcv-2 (n=5) or pcv-2-free pk-15 cell lysates (control, n=10) 3 weeks before the expected farrowing date. newborn piglets from five of the control sows were introduced to pcv-2-infected sows (n=6 for each sow) and allowed to ... | 2010 | 20147521 |
| characterization and epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies recognizing n-terminus of rep of porcine circovirus type 2. | two genotypes of porcine circovirus (pcv) have been described, the non-pathogenic pcv1 and the pathogenic pcv2 in pigs. pcv-orf1 encodes rep and rep' proteins which have identical n-terminal sequence (repn) within each pcv strain, but repn has only 88% similarity between pcv1 and pcv2. purified repn of pcv2 was used as an immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs). 11 mabs were screened out and established, and they were divided into two groups according to western blot and ifa results. o ... | 2010 | 20152863 |
| pmws in pigs in iceland. | 2010 | 20154323 | |
| infection of cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 and swine influenza virus. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and swine influenza virus (siv) are important pathogens for porcine respiratory disease complex, which is economically significant worldwide. the pathogenesis of pcv2-siv coinfection is unknown. in this study, we focused on establishing a challenge model for pcv2 to determine whether siv influences pcv2 replication and increases the severity of pcv2-associated disease. cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated intratracheally with cell culture medi ... | 2010 | 20158948 |
| prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 in piglets after weaning on a commercial pig farm in japan. | to investigate the transition in concentration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and antibody for these viruses in serum, serum samples were collected from 29 pigs on weaning day and at 7, 14, 21, 28, 53, 84, and 120 days after weaning. the concentration of circulated prrsv and pcv2 in serum was measured by real-time rt-pcr and real-time pcr, respectively. the specific antibody for prrsv and pcv2 was measured using elisa. prrsv wa ... | 2010 | 20163685 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infection and re-inoculation with homologous or heterologous strains: virological, serological, pathological and clinical effects in growing pigs. | long-term pcv2 infection and/or concurrent infection with genotypes pcv2a and pcv2b may play a role in the development of clinical porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). to evaluate this premise, 24 11-week-old specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: negative controls, a single inoculation with pcv2a, single inoculation followed by re-inoculation with a homologous pcv2a strain, or repeated inoculations with heterologous strains (pcv2a, pcv2b). pigs ... | 2010 | 20167193 |