Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| location of tick (acari: ixodidae) attachment sites on humans in north carolina. | the location of tick attachment sites on humans was determined by information provided by respondents to a questionnaire, and by submission of ticks, in counties that have historically had a high incidence of rocky mountain spotted fever in north carolina. information was gathered from may through september in 1989, 1990, and 1991. dermacentor variabilis (say) made up 94% of the collections. most (50%) were taken from the head; a sizable portion was removed from the legs (22%). the epidemiologic ... | 1993 | 8459429 |
| enhancement of tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission by tick salivary gland extracts. | to investigate the role of ticks in tbe virus transmission, salivary gland extract (sge) was derived from partially fed female ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. guinea-pigs were infested with uninfected r. appendiculatus nymphs and inoculated with a mixture of tbe virus and sge or with virus alone. the number of ticks which on average acquired virus from feeding on animals inoculated with tbe virus and sge from partially fed ticks was 4-fold greater ... | 1993 | 8481537 |
| temporal and spatial distribution of ixodes pacificus and dermacentor occidentalis (acari: ixodidae) and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in contra costa county, california. | the seasonal activity and spatial distribution of adult and immature ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls and dermacentor occidentalis marx were determined along trails and on hillsides in two parks in contra costa county, ca. i. pacificus and d. occidentalis adults were most numerous in january and may, respectively. adult ticks were significantly more abundant along heavily vegetated trails than on open grassy hillsides, and on the uphill versus the downhill side of trails. five species of rodents ... | 1993 | 8510115 |
| computer-controlled olfactometer system for studying behavioral responses of ticks to carbon dioxide. | an olfactometer system that consisted of a laptop computer, a carbon dioxide analyzer, and an apparatus to control gas flows was designed to study ixodid tick behavioral responses to varying carbon dioxide (co2) concentrations. the system provided a method to regulate and measure stimulatory co2 concentrations (1-99 ppm) above ambient co2 background levels. adult amblyomma americanum (l.) and dermacentor variabilis (say) demonstrated behavioral responses to co2 concentrations as low as 9 ppm abo ... | 1993 | 8510116 |
| ultrastructure of spotted fever rickettsialike microorganisms observed in tissues of dermacentor taiwanensis (acari: ixodidae). | tissues of midguts, malpighian tubules, salivary glands, and ovaries of female dermacentor taiwanensis sugimoto collected in an area endemic for japanese spotted fever were examined with an electron microscope, and the presence of two kinds of rickettsialike microorganisms was confirmed in japan. based on ultrastructural findings, a rod-shaped organism detected in all the tissues is a rickettsia; another, irregularly shaped organism that was found only in the ovary, is a wolbachia. a hemolymph t ... | 1993 | 8510117 |
| adhesion to and invasion of cultured tick (acarina: ixodidae) cells by borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) and maintenance of infectivity. | lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi, interact with cultured tick cells in ways similar to those reported to occur in the vector ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin. spirochete adhesion and penetration were examined using a cell line from embryos of rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann that morphologically resembles tick gut cells, rae25. cocultivation of b. burgdorferi with these cells permitted prolonged maintenance of infectivity for hamsters. borrelial adherence to ... | 1993 | 8510118 |
| babesia canis: evidence for genetic diversity among isolates revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | the genetic diversity of b. canis was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. for this purpose, we identified a babesia canis specific dna probe named ps8. this 1.2 kbp probe can detect as low as 20 pg of b. canis dna. results suggest that the ps8 probe is distributed in multiple copies throughout the genome though is probably not itself internally repetitious, i.e. not structured into blocks of tandem units. this probe reveals discrete hybridizing fragments in b. cani ... | 1995 | 8533020 |
| effect of temperature and humidity on longevity of unfed adults and on oviposition of engorged females of dermacentor reticulatus (ixodidae). | the effect of ambient temperature and relative humidity on longevity of unfed adult ticks and on oviposition of engorged female ticks of dermacentor reticulatus was examined. the 50% mortality time of unfed adult ticks, incubated at 5 degrees c, 10 degrees c, 20 degrees c and 27 degrees c and humidities of 15%, 50% and 100%, increased irrespective of their sex with rising relative humidity and decreasing temperature. it was longest at 5 degrees c and 100% r.h. being 617.8 days and shortest at 27 ... | 1995 | 8541893 |
| occurrence of different genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodid ticks of valais, switzerland. | a total of 825 adult ticks (727 ixodes ricinus, 72 dermacentor marginatus and 26 haemaphysalis punctata) was collected from vegetation in valais (switzerland) in 1987 to 1992. they were examined for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis. b. burgdorferi sensu lato was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay, dark field microscopy and/or culture in 221 out of 727 i. ricinus (30.4%) and none in the other two species. from these 221 infected t ... | 1995 | 8549716 |
| prevalence of ticks infected with francisella tularensis in natural foci of tularemia in western slovakia. | the prevalence of ticks infected with f. tularensis was followed during a systematic surveillance in endemic area of tularemia in western slovakia over the years 1984-93. ticks were collected from vegetation in localities of podunajské biskupice, in the vicinity of the capital of slovakia, bratislava, near the river danube. in total 6033 ticks, mostly adults of dermacentor reticulatus and ixodes ricinus (4994 and 1004, respectively) and 35 nymphs of haemaphysalis concinna, were examined for the ... | 1995 | 8549717 |
| physiological age of ixodid ticks: aspects of its determination and application. | this review analyzes 30 yr of data concerning physiological age of ixodid ticks. the level and state of nutritional reserves in unfed ticks has been proposed as an index of tick physiological age. the dynamics of the use of these substances reflect tick aging. thus, physiological age of ixodid ticks is determined by estimating the irreversible changes caused by natural vital activity in the body of unfed ticks, which inevitably raises the probability of tick death. the 4 age groups used in most ... | 1995 | 8551497 |
| present state of research on ticks (ixodoidea) in the czech republic. | tick research in the czech republic started developing rapidly after world war ii and was directed to the faunistics and taxonomy, biology, ecology and behaviour, physiology and genetics, disease transmission, host-parasite relationships and control. altogether 15 tick species were reported from the territory of the czech republic. most studies in biology, ecology and virus transmission were dedicated to ixodes ricinus, but biology and ecology of dermacentor reticulatus, i. laguri and i. hexagon ... | 1995 | 8553657 |
| diagnostic dna amplification from individual tick eggs, larvae and nymphs. | the species of single tick eggs, larvae and nymphs was determined by pcr amplification and characterization of the hypervariable, second transcribed spacer (its2) of the multicopy ribosomal rna gene (rdna). engorgement of larvae and nymphs did not preclude species identification. the method is generally applicable for ixodid and argasid ticks and can be used for epidemiological studies requiring the identification of individuals from pre-adult stages. | 1995 | 8556962 |
| hemocytic rickettsia-like organisms in ticks: serologic reactivity with antisera to ehrlichiae and detection of dna of agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis by pcr. | ixodid ticks were collected from connecticut, massachusetts, missouri, pennsylvania, rhode island, and british columbia (canada) during 1991 to 1994 to determine the prevalence of infection with hemocytic (blood cell), rickettsia-like organisms. hemolymph obtained from these ticks was analyzed by direct and indirect fluorescent antibody (fa) staining methods with dog, horse, or human sera containing antibodies to ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia equi, or rickettsia rickettsii. of the 693 nymphal and a ... | 1995 | 8567911 |
| ixodid ticks from panthers and bobcats in florida. | ixodid ticks were present in all 189 samples examined from 53 florida panthers (felis concolor coryi, 104 collections) and 85 bobcats (felis rufus floridana) in florida (usa) between 1974 and 1991. we identified 3,251 ticks from panthers and 918 from bobcats. specimens of dermacentor variabilis, ixodes scapularis, i. affinis, amblyomma maculatum, and a. americanum were present on 49, 39, 17, seven, and two of the 53 florida panthers, respectively, and comprised 36%, 55%, 7%, 1%, and < 1% of the ... | 1995 | 8592378 |
| ticks parasitizing humans in georgia and south carolina. | from 1990 through 1995, 913 ticks removed from 460 human patients in georgia or south carolina were identified and recorded. the majority of these specimens (758, 83.0%) were lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum. one hundred and four (11.4%) american dog ticks dermacentor variabilis, 36 (3.9%) blacklegged ticks ixodes scapularis, 9 (1.0%) gulf coast ticks amblyomma maculatum, and 6 (0.7%) brown dog ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus were also recovered. all active stages (larvae, nymphs, and adults ... | 1996 | 8636862 |
| variabilin, a novel rgd-containing antagonist of glycoprotein iib-iiia and platelet aggregation inhibitor from the hard tick dermacentor variabilis. | a novel inhibitor of human platelet aggregation, named variabilin, was isolated from salivary glands of the hard tick dermacentor variabilis using a combination of gel filtration and high pressure liquid chromatography. variabilin was a potent antagonist of the fibrinogen receptor glycoprotein iib-iiia (gpiib-iiia; alphaiibbeta3) and the vitronectin receptor alphavbeta3. amino acid sequence analysis by edman degradation revealed that it has 47 residues, with a molecular weight of 4968.5. like ma ... | 1996 | 8663513 |
| evaluation of permethrin-impregnated cotton balls as potential nesting material to control ectoparasites of woodrats in california. | the dusky-footed woodrat, neotoma fuscipes baird is a natural reservoir of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner, in california. to investigate the potential of host-targeted insecticide to control the tick vectors of b. burgdorferi, permethrin-impregnated or untreated cotton balls were distributed in metal cylinders as potential nesting material adjacent to 95 woodrat houses in chaparral-covered rangeland. laboratory experiments demonstra ... | 1996 | 8667381 |
| bionomical and ecological characteristic of ticks (acari:ixodida) of significant medical importance on the territory of poland. | among polish ticks species the most common in our country ixodes ricinus has the biggest medical importance. argasidae: argas reflexus, a. polonicus and ixodidae: ixodes trianguliceps, i. hexagonus and dermacentor reticulatus have significant medical meaning. argasidae are nests and burrows dwelling species having multi-host development cycle, they are mainly synanthropic and semisynanthropic, nocturnal active, with the peak seasonal activity in the middle of summer, dwelling semihumid or dry ha ... | 1996 | 8673794 |
| preliminary studies on the effect of anaplasma marginale antibodies ingested by dermacentor andersoni ticks (acari:ixodidae) with their blood meal on infections in salivary glands. | the effect of anaplasma marginale antibodies ingested with the tick blood meal was tested on infected male ticks that were allowed to feed on cattle immunized with the erythrocytic stage of a. marginale. the experiments were done in two trials. trial 1 was done using splenectomized calves (two calves per treated and control groups) while ticks in trial 2 were fed on intact yearling cattle (four cattle per treated and control groups). the cattle were immunized with purified outer membrane protein ... | 1996 | 8674360 |
| establishment of the tick (acari:ixodidae)-borne cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales:anaplasmataceae) in tick cell culture. | anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne rickettsia that causes bovine anaplasmosis worldwide. despite its importance, a. marginale has thus far not been established in a continuous culture system. we have propagated a. marginale continuously for the 1st time in a tick cell line derived from the black-legged tick, ixodes scapularis say, using infected bovine blood as the inoculum. erythrocytic stages invaded the tick cells and multiplied in membrane-lined vacuoles to form colonies typical of those ob ... | 1996 | 8699463 |
| genetic evidence against a morphologically suggestive conspecificity of dermacentor reticulatus and d. marginatus (acari:ixodidae). | international journal for parasitology 25: 1413-1419. dermacentor reticulatus and d. marginatus exhibit overlapping phenotypes. the possibility of conspecificity was investigated on the nucleotide level by comparing dna sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (its 2) of the rdna gene. the inter-specific polymorphism was more than 20-times greater than the intra-specific polymorphism of 3 d. reticulatus strains of different geographic origins. furthermore, the degree of polymorphisms ... | 1995 | 8719952 |
| detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks and rodents by polymerase chain reaction technique in people's republic of china. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for amplification of genomic fragments of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae directly from field samples of ticks, tick ova, tick larvae, tick faeces and organs of wild mice was employed for the first time in p.r. of china. ticks and rodents were collected in beijing and heilongjiang, hainan and hebei provinces. the pcr primers were designed from the dna sequence encoding the 190 k protein of r. rickettsii for a 532 bp long product. seven of ten t ... | 1995 | 8722295 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) in bulloch county, georgia. | an 18-mo study was conducted in bulloch county, georgia, to determine tick species composition, seasonal activity of individual tick species, and host-tick associations. the following 7 methods of tick collection were included: (1) live trapping of potential host animals, (2) checking wild game, (3) drag sampling, (4) carbon dioxide attraction, (5) checking livestock, road kills, nests, and burrows, (6) samples submitted from veterinarians, and (7) ticks collected by local residents and submitte ... | 1996 | 8742526 |
| a self-medicating applicator for control of ticks on deer. | a self-medicating applicator for killing ticks on deer and domestic ungulates by passive transfer of acaricides during feeding is described. the applicator consists of a barrel divided into a food bin (above) and a sealed self-contained acaricide reservoir (below) with a vertical, centrally-located ceramic column that extends from the reservoir into the food bin. acaricide is drawn up the column from the sealed reservoir by absorption. animals attracted to the food in the device acquire the acar ... | 1996 | 8744707 |
| discriminating between ixodes ticks by means of mitochondrial dna sequences. | ticks of the genus ixodes have recently assumed prominence because they frequently serve as vectors of important zoonoses, including lyme disease and babesiosis. the morphological characteristics that have been used in their identification often are ambiguous and are useful solely at a particular stage of development. here we report the dna sequence of the mitochondrially encoded 16s rrna gene of nine different ixodes ticks and an outgroup from another genus, dermacentor. the sequences readily d ... | 1995 | 8747292 |
| [the subspecies specificity of babesia canis]. | the large babesia species of dogs, babesia canis, is transmitted by different ticks. dermacentor reticulatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus and haemaphysalis leachi are the known main vectors. four b. canis isolates of different geographic origin were investigated for their transmission specificity and pathogenicity in infection trials. r. sanguineus ticks exclusively transmitted the babesia isolate from egypt. d. reticulatus was the vector for isolates from hungary and france. transmission of an sou ... | 1996 | 8765536 |
| [dermacentor ticks in france and germany. molecular biological differences in species, ecology and epidemiological implications]. | dermacentor reticulatus and d. marginatus, two ixodid tick species occurring in france and germany, exhibit morphologically overlapping phenotypes. the results of sequence analyses of the hypervariable rdna gene region its 2 do not support conspecifidity. as in france, d. reticulatus has to be characterized as an epidemiologically effective vector of babesia canis in germany as well, with the endemic area being located at kehl/offenburg/lahr/emmendingen/freiburg in breisgau. ecological investiga ... | 1996 | 8767177 |
| risk of human exposure to vector ticks (acari: ixodidae) in a heavily used recreational area in northern california. | the risk of humans encountering vector ticks along hiking trails or in picnic grounds in a lyme disease-endemic area was evaluated in a multipurpose recreational area (tilden regional park) in the populous san francisco bay region of california. four hillside hiking trails (two high-use, two low-use) were sampled by dragging and walking through low vegetation biweekly for one year; four heavily used picnic areas were sampled concurrently by dragging. adults of three human-biting ticks were enume ... | 1996 | 8780455 |
| ticks of domestic animals in the macedonia region of greece. | a study was carried out on ticks of domestic animals in the macedonia region of greece. during 1983-1986, 11,620 tick specimens, belonging to 18 species and subspecies, were collected from cattle, sheep, goats and dogs, in 64 localities throughout macedonia. rhipicephalus bursa, the most common tick, and hyalomma marginatum marginatum occurred in all bioclimatic zones, as well as the two one-host ticks, boophilus annulatus and h. detritum scupense, which were present in fewer localities. r. tura ... | 1996 | 8792578 |
| antibody against an anaplasma marginale msp5 epitope common to tick and erythrocyte stages identifies persistently infected cattle. | a protein epitope of major surface protein 5 (msp5), defined by monoclonal antibody (mab) anaf16c1, is conserved among anaplasma species (e. s. visser, t. c. mcguire, g. h. palmer, w. c. davis, v. shkap, e. pipano, and d. p. knowles, jr., infect. immun. 60:5139-5144, 1992) and is expressed in the salivary glands of infected ticks. a competitive inhibition elisa (celisa) for the detection of bovine anti-msp5 antibodies was developed by using purified recombinant msp5 fusion protein and mab anaf16 ... | 1996 | 8862589 |
| interspecific differences between small mammals as hosts of immature dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) and a model for detection of high risk areas of rocky mountain spotted fever. | fourteen species of small mammals were captured from july 1990 through august 1991 in tennessee, from which 1,217 immature dermacentor variabilis and 1 ixodes dentatus were collected. mammal species were given scores of importance (ts) as hosts to immature d. variabilis based on mean intensity and prevalence. the rice rat ranked the highest, with a ts = 5, followed by the golden mouse ts = 4, white-footed mouse ts = 3, pine vole ts = 2, cotton rat ts = 1, with the norway rat, house mouse, and sh ... | 1996 | 8885876 |
| frequent isolation of francisella tularensis from dermacentor reticulatus ticks in an enzootic focus of tularaemia. | a total of 924 questing dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius), 504 ixodes ricinus (l.), sixty haemaphysalis concinna koch and 718 mosquitoes (aedes spp.) were examined in a floodplain forest ecosystem during the 1994-95 outbreak of tularaemia in south moravia, czech republic. francisella tularensis was not isolated from h.concinna ticks or aedes spp. mosquitoes, whereas twenty-one isolates were recovered from the other haematophagous arthropods. dermacentor reticulatus revealed a significantly hig ... | 1996 | 8887334 |
| clinical and laboratory evidence of the importance of the tick d. marginatus as a vector of b. burgdorferi in some areas of sporadic lyme disease in bulgaria. | 56 adult ticks d. marginatus and 38 adult ticks h. punctata were sampled by the flagging method, transferred to the laboratory, dissected and tested for infection with lyme disease spirochetes. 3 (7.9%) of the adult h. punctata and 2 (3.57%) of the adult d. marginatus were infected with b. burgdorferi (bb). this report also presents the case of a patient, who developed lyme disease symptoms after he had been bitten by a d. marginatus tick. the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by serological test ... | 1996 | 8905312 |
| ectoparasites (acari, mallophaga, anoplura, diptera) of white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus, from southern florida. | during a 7-yr period (1984-1990), 300 white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmermann), from 7 localities in collier, dade, and monroe counties in southern florida were examined for ectoparasites. eight species were identified: 4 ticks [ixodes scapularis say, i. affinis neumann, amblyomma maculatum (koch), and dermacentor variabilis (say)], 1 chigger mite [eutrombicula splendens (ewing)], 1 ked (lipoptena mazamae rondani), 1 chewing louse [tricholipeurus lipeuroides (megnin)], and 1 suckin ... | 1996 | 8906911 |
| [use of indirect immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks]. | material samples from 40 ticks, including 30 ixodes ricinus and 10 dermacentor reticulatus ticks were tested for presence of borrelia burgdorferi infection with indirect immunofluorescence assay (if) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). sensitivity of pcr in terms of minimum detectable number of in vitro cultivated spirochetes was a reproducible amplification when 50 spirochetes were added to the pcr mixture. the assay sensitivity was lower for b. burgdorferi in ticks and it was estimated on min ... | 1996 | 8927733 |
| [ticks as a reservoir of borrelia burgdorferi and coxiella burnetii on polish terrain]. | the aim of performed studies was to recognize the distribution of coxiella burnetii and borrelia burgdorferi infected ticks in poland. the 1580 ticks infesting animals and humans were collected in different parts of the country. they belonged to ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and argas reflexus species. presence of b burgdorferi and c. burnetii dna in ticks has been sought with polymerase chain reaction test (pcr). b. burgdorferi bacteria have been detected in 12 i. ricinus ticks (0.77% ... | 1996 | 8927734 |
| developmental studies of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales:anaplasmataceae) in male dermacentor andersoni (acari:ixodidae) infected as adults by using nonradioactive in situ hybridization and microscopy. | the development of anaplasma marginale theiler was studied in ticks using a nonradioactive in situ hybridization method developed in our laboratory. male rocky mountain wood ticks, dermacentor andersoni stiles, were infected intrastadially by allowing them to feed for 7 d on an infected calf (acquisition feeding). the ticks were then removed and held in a humidity chamber for 5 d before being fed on a 2nd susceptible call for 10 d (transmission feeding). two groups of 10 ticks were collected dai ... | 1996 | 8961639 |
| [parasitic arthropods of bison bonasus from the białowieza primeval forest]. | during the period 1991-1993, 61 bisons from the białowieza primaeval forest were examined. 8 species of ectoparasites were noted: bovicola sedecimdecembrii, lipoptena cervi, dermacentor reticulatus, ixodes ricinus, ixodes persulcatus, chorioptes bovis, psoroptes ovis, demodex bisonianus. the most frequent incidence noted was d. bisonianus, prevalence 52%, followed b. sedecimdecembrii--28%, i. ricinus--12% and l. cervi 8%. | 1996 | 8967085 |
| the supercooling ability of ticks (acari, ixodoidea). | the supercooling capacity of nine laboratory-held species of ticks originating from different geographical areas, as well as five field-collected species from germany, was investigated. all but one tick species showed mean supercooling points between about -17 and -23 degrees c, suggesting that the capacity to supercool to temperatures of < or = -17 degrees c might be an inherent property of many tick species unrelated to their geographic origin. photoperiod did not influence the mean supercooli ... | 1996 | 8981761 |
| [the use of the methods of geometrical morphometry in the systematics of ixodid ticks (ixodidae)]. | it is shown that morphological characters, such as a form of gnathosoma, usually considered as qualitative one, may be properly analyzed on a quantitative basis by means of the geometrical morphometric methods. in particular, an extraction of relative warps (rw) from a shape variation using tpsrw computer program makes it possible to run standard statistical procedures over matrices of rw values. this approach is demonstrated by the analysis of gnathosoma shape differences in 4 ixodes species an ... | 1996 | 8999414 |
| preliminary studies on virus and spirochete accumulation in the cement plug of ixodid ticks. | we provide evidence that tick-borne encephalitis virus and borrelia burgdorferi s.l. are accumulated in the cement plug in the host skin within the first few hours after tick attachment. extirpation of the tick without the cement plug, even very soon after the attachment, did not prevent the transmission by ixodes ricinus, ixodes persulcatus or dermacentor reticulatus to mice. this was within 1 hour in the case of the tbe virus and after 20-22 h of attachment, in the case of borrelia and i. pers ... | 1996 | 9004495 |
| genotypic identification of three new strains of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated in china. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis were used to characterize the genotypic diversity of three isolates of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae isolated from ticks in china. a primer pair designed from dna sequence encoding 190 k protein antigen of r. rickettsii and genomic dnas obtained from the isolates were used in pcr. the pcr products were cleaved with restriction endonucleases psti and rsai, and the digestion patterns w ... | 1996 | 9014012 |
| tick-raccoon associations and the potential for lyme disease spirochete transmission in the coastal plain of north carolina. | raccoons (procyon lotor) were live-trapped and examined for ticks from july 1990 to july 1993 in the coastal plain of north carolina on marine corps base, camp lejeune, north carolina (usa). five species of ixodid ticks were found on 351 (78%) of 449 raccoons. amblyomma americanum was the most abundant tick found on raccoons. dermacentor variabilis, ixodes texanus, and ixodes scapularis were frequently collected, while ixodes cookei were rarely collected from raccoons. tick burdens were not affe ... | 1997 | 9027688 |
| the distribution of dermacentor hunteri and anaplasma sp. in desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis). | the ixodid tick dermacentor hunteri has been collected intermittently this century, primarily from desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis). anaplasma spp. are intraerythrocytic rickettsial parasites of ungulates and are vectored in the western united states by ticks of the genus dermacentor. we tested the hypotheses that d. hunteri would be found infesting all populations of desert bighorn, and that all infested populations would be seropositive for anaplasma sp. dermacentor hunteri was found on ... | 1997 | 9057693 |
| unsuccessful rubidium marking of american dog tick (acari:ixodidae) adults. | in an effort to determine if dermacentor variabilis (say) adults could be marked with rubidium (rb), unfed nymphs were placed on laboratory mice and the mice subsequently injected with rubidium chloride (rbcl). nymphal feeding duration was not affected by the presence of rb in their hosts. d. variabilis adults (24-48 h old) that had fed as nymphs on rbcl-injected hosts contained approximately 13 parts per billion (ppb) of rb, and adults that had fed as nymphs on control mice contained approximat ... | 1997 | 9086707 |
| rickettsia peacockii sp. nov., a new species infecting wood ticks, dermacentor andersoni, in western montana. | rickettsia peacockii, a new species of spotted fever group rickettsiae, was identified from rocky mountain wood ticks (dermacentor andersoni) collected in the sapphire mountain range on the eastern side of bitterroot valley, montana. dna from r. peacockii skalkahot (t = type strain) in naturally infected tick tissue was amplified by a pcr assay with primer sets derived from eubacterial 16s ribosomal dna (rdna), rickettsial citrate synthase, and 190-kda surface antigen (rompa) genes. partial 16s ... | 1997 | 9103635 |
| vector competence of ixodes scapularis, i. spinipalpis, and dermacentor andersoni (acari:ixodidae) in transmitting borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease. | this report describes the vector competence of 3 ixodid tick species, ixodes scapularis (say), i. spinipalpis (nuttall), and dermacentor andersoni (stiles), for borrelia burgdorferi in colorado. the study was based on preliminary field work performed in 6 colorado counties, where rodents and ticks were collected and assayed for the presence of b. burgdorferi. four of the 6 counties produced 52 rodent and 39 i. spinipalpis isolates of b. burgdorferi. two b. burgdorferi isolates were tested under ... | 1997 | 9103755 |
| detection of colorado tick fever virus by using reverse transcriptase pcr and application of the technique in laboratory diagnosis. | colorado tick fever (ctf) virus elicits an acute illness in humans, producing nonspecific flu-like symptoms and a biphasic fever in approximately 50% of patients. the disease is transmitted by the adult rocky mountain wood tick (dermacentor andersoni), and therefore incidence is limited by the habitat and life cycle of that vector. the early symptoms of infection are difficult to distinguish from those of several other agents, especially rickettsia rickettsii. serologic testing is usually unable ... | 1997 | 9114408 |
| some factors affecting infestation of white-tailed deer by blacklegged ticks and winter ticks (acari:ixodidae) in southeastern missouri. | a total of 5,669 ticks of 4 species was collected from 515 hunter killed, white-tailed deer. odocoileus virginianus (zimmerman), in southeastern missouri from 1993 through 1995. the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say) (4 adults), the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.) (57 adults, 2 nymphs), the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis (say) (3,120 adults), and the winter tick, dermacentor albipictus (packard) (2.059 adults, 436 nymphs, 1 larva) were collected. patterns of adult d. ... | 1997 | 9151505 |
| ectoparasite fauna of the eastern woodrat, neotoma floridana: composition, origin, and comparison with ectoparasite faunas of western woodrat species. | we collected ectoparasites from eastern woodrats, neotoma floridana, from 3 sites in the southeastern united states: coastal south carolina, southeast georgia, and south-central georgia. twelve ectoparasite species were recovered from 47 woodrats in south carolina (5 ticks, 5 mites, 2 fleas), 13 from 35 woodrats in south-central georgia (1 tick, 10 mites, 2 fleas), and 4 from a small host sample (7) in southeast georgia (2 ticks, 1 mite, 1 flea). new state records are established for the listrop ... | 1997 | 9194815 |
| assay for phenoloxidase activity in amblyomma americanum, dermacentor variabilis, and ixodes scapularis. | phenoloxidase activity in amblyomma americanum, dermacentor variabilis, and ixodes scapularis was assayed. no phenoloxidase activity was detected compared to high activity through time in larvae of the greater wax moth (galleria mellonella). we conclude that activated prophenoloxidase does not act as an opsonin in ixodid ticks tested to date. | 1997 | 9194851 |
| epidemiological aspects of the brazilian spotted fever: seasonal activity of ticks collected in an endemic area in são paulo, brazil. | ticks were collected from vegetation and animals at monthly intervals during one year (1993-1994) in an endemic area of brazilian spotted fever in the country of pedreira, state of são paulo. six species of ticks were identified amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma cooperi, amblyomma triste, anocentor nitens, rhipicephalus sanguineus and boophilus microplus. only the first species was sufficiently numerous to permit a quantitative study with seasonal activity, although the distribution and source of ... | 1997 | 9197151 |
| a winter outbreak of anaplasmosis in a nonendemic area of oklahoma: a possible role for dermacentor albipictus. | 1997 | 9211245 | |
| ability of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi to infect rodents and three species of human-biting ticks (blacklegged tick, american dog tick, lone star tick) (acari:ixodidae). | the infectivity of a diverse collection of borrelia burgdorferi strains from north america for mice was determined as a prelude to vector competence experiments with the 3 primary human-biting tick species in the eastern united states (ixodes scapularis say, dermacentor variabilis (say), amblyomma americanum (l.)]. of the 34 b. burgdorferi strains inoculated into mice, 29 were infectious; the exceptions were 5 isolates from texas. vector competence experiments were conducted with 2 strains from ... | 1997 | 9220680 |
| ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup rickettsiae in ixodid ticks from california collected in 1995 and 1996. | a total of 1,246 ixodid ticks collected in 1995 and 1996 from seven california counties were examined for the presence of ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup rickettsiae by using a nested pcr technique. of 1,112 adult ixodes pacificus cooley and kohls ticks tested, nine pools, each containing five ticks, were positive (minimum percentage of ticks harboring detectable ehrlichiae, 0.8%). positive ticks were limited to four of the seven counties (sonoma, el dorado, santa cruz, and orange). in santa ... | 1997 | 9230373 |
| the etiological agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, in ticks (acari:ixodidae) from eastern poland. | in 1994, 4204 out of 4656 ixodes ricinus collected both from vegetation in three different areas and from hunter-killed deer and wild boar in the białystok province (eastern poland) were examined individually for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi s.i. detection of spirochetes was carried out by the routine indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) using polyclonal antibody (anti-b. burgdorferi, strain 1 b 29). b. burgdorferi spirochetes were evident in 349 (8.8%) nymphal and adult i. ricinus co ... | 1997 | 9241805 |
| helminths and arthropods of black and white rhinoceroses in southern africa. | helminths and arthropods were collected and quantified from two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis bicornis) and one white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum), and ticks from an additional four black and two white rhinoceroses in southern africa. the helminths of a black rhinoceros from the republic of south africa and one from namibia were quantitatively measured and recorded for each compartment of the alimentary tract. probstmayria vivipara was the most abundant parasite in each animal. a rece ... | 1997 | 9249695 |
| pyrenean bears. | 1997 | 9284809 | |
| characterization of an endosymbiont infecting wood ticks, dermacentor andersoni, as a member of the genus francisella. | a microorganism (dermacantor andersoni symbiont [das]) infecting rocky mountain wood ticks (d. andersoni) collected in the bitterroot mountains of western montana was characterized as an endosymbiont belonging to the genus francisella. previously described as wolbachia like, the organism's dna was amplified from both naturally infected tick ovarial tissues and vero cell cultures by pcr assay with primer sets derived from eubacterial 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) and francisella membrane protein genes ... | 1997 | 9327558 |
| rickettsiae-infected ticks in an endemic area of spotted fever in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | a study on tick-borne rickettsiosis was developed in the county of santa cruz do escalvado, state of minas gerais, brazil, where a clinical case of the disease, confirmed by necropsy, had been reported. of the 1,254 ticks collected, 1,061 belonged to the amblyomma genus, 57 to the rhipicephalus sanguineus species, 81 to boophilus microplus, and 46 to anocentor nitens. the hemolymph test associated with giménez staining showed that 18 of the 221 a. cajennense specimens, 1 of the 16 r. sanguineus, ... | 1997 | 9361740 |
| evidence for the reproductive isolation of dermacentor marginatus and dermacentor reticulatus (acari: ixodidae) ticks based on cross-breeding, morphology and molecular studies. | the species status of dermacentor marginatus and dermacentor reticulatus was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (sem) examination of adult ticks, cross-breeding experiments and molecular biological analysis of eggs derived from transspecific pairings. the sem investigations including the morphometric quantification of phenotypic features resulted in an unequivocal differentiation of adult d. marginatus and d. reticulatus ticks. the cross-breeding experiments demonstrated that irrespective ... | 1997 | 9363622 |
| pesticide use by licensed applicators for the control of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in connecticut. | to assess the use of insecticides for tick control by commercial applicators in connecticut, a questionnaire was mailed to 897 individuals and businesses with ornamental and turf pesticide applicator licenses. in total, 348 completed surveys were returned (38.8%). the majority of the respondents considered themselves lawn care (41.1%), landscape (31.3%) or tree care (12.6%) providers. tick control services were offered by 16.4% (n = 57) of the respondents, all of whom apply insecticides for tick ... | 1997 | 9379461 |
| clinical and neurophysiological features of tick paralysis. | the clinical and neurophysiological findings in six australian children with generalized tick paralysis are described. paralysis is usually caused by the mature female of the species ixodes holocyclus. it most frequently occurs in the spring and summer months but can be seen at any time of year. children aged 1-5 years are most commonly affected. the tick is usually found in the scalp, often behind the ear. the typical presentation is a prodrome followed by the development of an unsteady gait, a ... | 1997 | 9397015 |
| spatial distribution and seasonality of ticks (acarina: ixodidae) in a protected area in the northern apennines. | infestation of small rodents by ixodid ticks and frequency of host-seeking ticks collected by dragging were studied at orecchiella natural park (northern apennines) in 1994 and 1995. levels of infestation of apodemus spp. by immature dermacentor marginatus were higher in beech wood (5.1 larvae and 1.3 nymphs per mouse) than in oak-chestnut wood and in coniferous wood. larval d. marginatus peaked in mid summer, whereas nymphs peaked in late summer. host-seeking haemaphysalis punctata were mostly ... | 1997 | 9419846 |
| [a focus of dermacentor reticulatus kept by red and fallow deer in animal husbandry (kosewo, poland)]. | focus of dermacentor reticulatus has been found on the area of fenced cervides farm. very frequent occurrence of d. reticulatus on plants of red and fallow deer pens indicates that these animals in farm conditions are good hosts of adult forms of this tick. on pens of red deer the number of ticks caught on plants was considerable greater than on pens of fallow deer. however, proportion of males in spring and autumn populations of ticks caught on fallow deer pens was considerable greater than on ... | 1997 | 9424941 |
| mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae), in contrast to ticks (acari: ixodidae), do not carry francisella tularensis in a natural focus of tularemia in the czech republic. | in total, 9,167 mosquitoes (aedes spp.) and 1,987 ixodid ticks--1,423 dermacentor reticulatus (f.), 504 ixodes ricinus (l.), and 60 haemaphysalis concinna koch--were examined in an active enzootic focus (floodplain forest-meadow ecosystem) of tularemia in south moravia. czech republic. although no f. tularensis was detected in mosquitoes or h. concinna, 30 isolates were recovered from d. reticulatus (infection rate, 2.1%) and 1 isolate from i. ricinus (infection rate, 0.2%). ixodid ticks, especi ... | 1997 | 9439120 |
| [the ixodid ticks of stavropol' and its environs]. | 1997 | 9445995 | |
| prevalence of francisella tularensis in dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected in adjacent areas of the czech and austrian republics. | a total of 1098 host-seeking adult dermacentor reticulatus ticks were examined in an active enzootic focus (floodplain meadow and forest ecosystem) of tularemia along the lower reaches of the thaya (dyje) river in south moravia (czech republic) and adjacent austria during the spring of 1996. twenty-five isolates of francisella tularensis were recovered (i.e., the overall minimum infection rate was 2.3%). the prevalence rate varied between 0.6% and 3.5% among four localities examined (two in mora ... | 1997 | 9457420 |
| [endemic risk of babesia canis by dermacentor reticulatus in germany. an epidemiologic study]. | during the period of january 1995 to january 1997, babesia canis infections were diagnosed in 127 dogs, 65 of them had stayed in foreign countries where dermacentor reticulatus is endemic, namely france, austria and hungary, or in the area offenburg/kehl/freiburg i. breisgau (germany). two dogs being positive for babesia never had left germany before and had not been in the region offenburg/kehl/freiburg i. breisgau. concurrent tick infestations were reported for all of the 67 dogs. for 10 dogs ... | 1997 | 9459834 |
| evolution of repellent tolerances in representative arthropods. | eight commercial insect repellents were tested against ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae), dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae), aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), and xenopsylla cheopis (siphonaptera: pulicidae). patterns of tolerance to the test materials were distinctive for each test species. levels of tolerance were coded as character state 0 (sensitive), 1 (intermediate), or 2 (tolerant) and mapped on a cladogram reflecting the accepted classification of the test species. charact ... | 1997 | 9474558 |
| 18s rrna gene sequences and phylogenetic relationships of european hard-tick species (acari: ixodidae). | the complete 18s rrna gene sequences of the following six european hard-tick species were obtained by direct pcr cycle sequencing and silver-staining methods: rhipicephalus pusillus, boophilus annulatus, dermacentor marginatus, hyalomma lusitanicum, haemaphysalis punctata, and ixodes ricinus. differences observed in the sequence alignment of these six species together with the 18s rrna gene sequences of 13 other hard-tick species demonstrate that this gene is a good marker for supraspecific diff ... | 1998 | 9491423 |
| babesiosis in china. | the importance of babesiosis in livestock in china is discussed and mainly focused on bovine and equine babesiosis. babesiosis is still one of the most important diseases affecting livestock and has caused great economic loss. nine species of babesia have been recognized in livestock: b. bigemina, b. bovis, b. major, b. motasi, b. ovis, b. perroncitoi, b. trautmanni, b. equi (theileria equi), b. caballi. the distribution of babesia follows the distribution of the tick vectors. the main vectors o ... | 1997 | 9512738 |
| distribution of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochaete dna in british ticks (argasidae and ixodidae) since the 19th century, assessed by pcr. | the distribution of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the lyme borreliosis agent, was surveyed in british ticks in the collection of the natural history museum, london. alcohol-preserved specimens of eight species of ticks known to attack humans were studied: ixodes ricinus, i. hexagonus, i. uriae, i. trianguliceps, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus sanguineus and argas vespertilionis. the sample comprised all life stages and originated from a wide range of host speci ... | 1998 | 9513944 |
| investigation of haematophagous arthropods for borreliae--summarized data, 1988-1996. | blood-sucking arthropods, collected in south moravia, czech republic, were examined by darkfield microscopy for borreliae from 1988 to 1996. among host-seeking ixodid ticks (8481 ixodes ricinus (l.), 372 dermacentor reticulatus (fabr.), 167 haemaphysalis concinna koch), borreliae were only observed in adult (23.2%), nymphal (17.2%) and larval (6.3%) i. ricinus. the prevalence of borreliae in i. ricinus did not vary considerably among habitats except for lower values in agroecosystems, xerothermi ... | 1998 | 9516997 |
| tick-borne diseases of sheep and goats caused by babesia, theileria or anaplasma spp. | a review is given on the babesia, theileria, and anaplasma species infecting sheep and goats. b. ovis is the most important disease agent. it is transmitted by rhipicephalus bursa, r. turanicus, hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, and probably by r. evertsi evertsi b. ovis is widely spread in southern europe, the middle east, and central asia. its geographical distribution in south and east asia and in africa is widely unknown. b. motasi obviously represents several nosodemes in separate regions. it ... | 1997 | 9530692 |
| ticks and tick-borne diseases as a constraint to sheep and goat production in italy. selected features. | the paper reviews basic information on small ruminant production in italy and on the tick species commonly found on them. a total of 13 ixodidae species have been reported to parasitise sheep in the country. the tick species were belonging to five genera: ixodes (two species), haemaphysalis (four species), dermacentor (one species), rhipicephalus (three species) and hyalomma (three species). the same species, with the exception of haemaphysalis inermis and hyalomma detritum have been reported al ... | 1997 | 9530693 |
| tick-borne diseases of sheep and goats and their related vectors in iran. | haemoparasitic diseases have long been considered as a major problem to efficient sheep and goats production in iran. theileriosis due to theileria hirci and babesiosis due to babesia ovis and b. motasi are the most pathogenic protozoa. b. crassa, anaplasma ovis and eperythrozoon ovis are usually non-pathogenic and do not cause any apparent problem. the major tick genera found on sheep and goats are hyalomma, rhipicephalus, haemaphysalis, ixodes and rarely dermacentor distributed in all part of ... | 1997 | 9530694 |
| [imported arthropod-borne parasites and parasitic arthropods in dogs. species spectrum and epidemiologic analysis of the cases diagnosed in 1995/96]. | between january 1995 and december 1996 nonendemic or only regionally occurring arthropodborne parasites including ehrlichiae and parasitic arthropods in germany were detected in 484 dogs, whereby at least 15 species were involved. listed in decreasing order, leishmania infections occurred most frequently, followed by infections/infestations with babesia canis, ehrlichia canis, rhipicephalus sanguineus, dirofilaria immitis and dermacentor reticulatus. the other species, namely babesia gibsoni, tr ... | 1998 | 9531673 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi from ticks (acari) in hebei province, china. | from may 1992 to august 1993, 1,196 ticks were collected by flagging vegetation and from domestic animals in chengde, zhangjiakou, shijiazhuang, and handan districts of hebei province. of those ticks collected, 954 were haemaphysalis japonicum warburton and h. longicornis neumann, 205 were ixodes persulcatus schulze, and 37 were dermacentor silvarum olenev. four strains of borrelia burgdorferi were isolated from 135 i. persulcatus collected in weichang and zhuolu counties. three of 574 haemaphys ... | 1998 | 9538567 |
| [ultrastructural features of histopathologic changes at the site of attachment of the larva of the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis to the body of the host]. | this article continues the series of electronic microscopical investigations of tick attachment and host's inflammatory reaction in the attachment site. in all this works we used larvae of different ixodid ticks but the same species of the host (white mouse), ixodid species having different type of attachment. dermacentor marginatus (amosova, 1989a) is characterized by the superficial penetration of mouth parts, the abundance of cement around them and on the surface of the host's skin, the mouth ... | 1997 | 9541934 |
| experimental transmission of ehrlichia canis (rickettsiales: ehrlichieae) by dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae). | four trials were conducted in which laboratory-reared dermacentor variabilis nymphs were exposed to ehrlichia canis by feeding on experimentally infected dogs as soon as classical morulae were detected in peripheral blood monocytes. after molting 25, 50 or 90 adult tick pairs were permitted to feed on 7 ehrlichia-naive dogs. transmission occurred in trials 1 (1/1 dog), 3 (1/1 dog) and 4 (2/2 dogs) but not in trial 2 (0/3 dogs), with 4 of 7 dogs becoming infected. successful transstadial transmis ... | 1998 | 9561712 |
| optimal sampling and spatial distribution of ixodes pacificus, dermacentor occidentalis and dermacentor variabilis ticks (acari: ixodidae). | a common method for sampling tick populations is flagging, which is a method of dragging a white cloth over a plant substrate for a fixed distance along a transect. flagging over rough physical surfaces or using long subtransect lengths could lead to the underestimation of tick densities. using estimates of the drop-off rates of adult ixodes pacificus in flag sampling, optimal sampling schemes (the length and number of subtransects) were examined using the relationships between the tick drop-off ... | 1998 | 9588010 |
| transmission of tick-borne bunyaviruses by cofeeding ixodid ticks. | palma and bhanja bunyaviruses replicated in dermacentor marginatus, d. reticulatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, r. appendiculatus and ixodes ricinus ticks after parenteral inoculation and appropriate incubation and feeding. palma virus was transmitted to d. marginatus and d. reticulatus males, d. reticulatus and r. sanguineus females, and r. appendiculatus nymphs while cofeeding with infected ticks on laboratory mice. bhanja virus was transmitted to d. marginatus males and r. appendiculatus nymphs ... | 1997 | 9607090 |
| dna sequence variation in dermacentor hunteri and estimated phylogenies of dermacentor spp. (acari: ixodidae) in the new world. | the genus dermacentor is represented by 12 species in the new world. we sequenced a 300-bp portion of the mitochondrial 16s ribosomal dna gene for 28 individual ticks representing 9 of these species and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships. maximum parsimony, distance (neighbor-joining), and maximum likelihood were all used to resolve tree topologies. eleven specimens of dermacentor hunteri bishopp representing populations across the tick's entire geographic range showed negligible genetic ... | 1998 | 9615547 |
| rickettsial pathogens and their arthropod vectors. | rickettsial diseases, important causes of illness and death worldwide, exist primarily in endemic and enzootic foci that occasionally give rise to sporadic or seasonal outbreaks. rickettsial pathogens are highly specialized for obligate intracellular survival in both the vertebrate host and the invertebrate vector. while studies often focus primarily on the vertebrate host, the arthropod vector is often more important in the natural maintenance of the pathogen. consequently, coevolution of ricke ... | 1998 | 9621188 |
| detection of rickettsia sibirica in ticks and small mammals collected in three different regions of china. | the primers rr 190.70p and rr 190.602n were used to detect spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in ticks and small mammals collected in three different regions of china. the obtained results indicated that specific dna fragments of sfg rickettsiae were amplified from dermacentor silvarum, d. sinicus, d. auratus, haemaphysalis concinna, h. wellingtoni, h. yeni, apodemus agrarius, microtus fortis. clethrionomys rufocanus, ondatra zibethica, rattus flavipectus an ... | 1998 | 9645245 |
| mitochondrial 16s rdna sequences and phylogenetic relationships of species of rhipicephalus and other tick genera among metastriata (acari: ixodidae). | the mitochondrial 16s rrna gene sequences of the following eight european metastriata tick species were obtained by direct polymerase-chain-reaction cycle sequencing and silver-staining methods: rhipicephalus bursa, r. pusillus, r. sanguineus, r. turanicus, boophilus annulatus, dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis punctata, and hyalomma lusitanicum. this mitochondrial gene seems to be a good marker for the establishment of genetic relationships among closely related tick species, but it does no ... | 1998 | 9660138 |
| development of a non-radioactive dna probe and in situ hybridization for detection of anaplasma marginale in ticks and cattle. | a non-radioactive dna probe was developed for detection of anaplasma marginale in ticks and cattle. the probe was labeled with digoxigenin 11-dutp by polymerase chain reaction. the probe was tested on bovine blood and was found to be a sensitive and specific detection method for a. marginale in cattle. the dna probe was then adapted for in situ hybridization (ish) of a. marginale in dermacentor andersoni and d. variabilis ticks infected either as nymphs or adults. one-half of each tick was studi ... | 1998 | 9668458 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes as a potential biological control method for ticks. | entomopathogenic nematodes have been used for biological control of certain insect pests. in these studies the nematodes were tested as a possible biological control agent for engorged female ticks. five species of infective juveniles (ijs) were tested initially for their ability to penetrate and kill ticks, including steinernema glaseri (sg), s. riobravus (sr), s. carpocapsae (dt), s. feltiae (sf) and heterorhabiditis bacteriophora (hp88). infective juveniles (ijs) of srs and sfs appeared to be ... | 1998 | 9668486 |
| distribution, abundance, and seasonal activities of ticks collected from rodents and vegetation in south carolina. | ixodid ticks were collected from live-trapped rodents and by flagging vegetation at sites in the piedmont, sandhills, coastal plain, and coastal zone of south carolina from may 1994 through december 1995. a total of 1,514 ticks was recovered from 237 live-trapped rodents. host-attached species included ixodes minor neumann (n = 818), dermacentor variabilis (say) (n = 346), amblyomma maculatum koch (n = 209), ixodes affinis neumann (n = 89), and ixodes scapularis say (n = 52). species of questing ... | 1998 | 9673934 |
| control of bacterial infections in the hard tick dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae): evidence for the existence of antimicrobial proteins in tick hemolymph. | the ability of hard ticks to prevent infection by bacteria was investigated. during a 72-h period, virtually all dermacentor variabilis females survived inoculation with bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, and staphyloccocus aureus but few survived infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa. the hemocyte population increased to peak abundance at 48 h to approximately 6 times that of the uninfected controls. in contrast, the soluble hemolymph protein content decreased inversely as the hemocytes incre ... | 1998 | 9701927 |
| characterization of an immunosuppressant protein from dermacentor andersoni (acari: ixodidae) salivary glands. | a 36-kda soluble protein was found in the salivary glands of female dermacentor andersoni (stiles) ticks that suppressed the in vitro proliferative response of murine splenocytes to concanavalin a (con a). incubating the purified protein with splenocytes reduced the incorporation of thymidine into the dna of proliferating t-lymphocytes by more than 90% compared with cells exposed to con a and buffer alone. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the immunosuppressant protein was determined to be n ... | 1998 | 9701936 |
| interaction of entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernematidae) with selected species of ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae). | entomopathogenic nematodes, currently used for biological control of various insect pests, were tested for their ability to penetrate and kill replete females of several species of ticks including dermacentor variabilis (say), rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille), amblyomma maculatum koch, and a. cajennense (f.). these species were found to be susceptible to the entomopathogenic nematodes, steinernema feltiae (filipjev) or s. riobravus (cabanillas & poinar), shown in previous studies in our labo ... | 1998 | 9701938 |
| antibody to a cdna-derived calreticulin protein from amblyomma americanum as a biomarker of tick exposure in humans. | the antibody responses of human and animal hosts were studied to determine the utility of antibody against recombinant tick calreticulin (rtc), a cdna-derived protein isolated from salivary glands of amblyomma americanum l., as a biologic marker of tick exposure. rabbits fed upon by either a. americanum or dermacentor variabilis say developed significant anti-rtc antibody responses, as measured by both elisa and immunoblot assay. in contrast, gerbils exposed to aedes aegypti did not develop anti ... | 1998 | 9715947 |
| morphology and development of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) in cultured ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) cells. | anaplasma marginale theiler, a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of cattle, was recently propagated in a continuous tick cell line, ide8, derived from embryonic ixodes scapularis say. cell monolayers were infected briefly with a high multiplicity of infection to synchronize rickettsial development and allow for description of the invasion, development, and release of a. marginale from the cultured cells. sequential samples were collected, fixed, and processed for examination with light and electro ... | 1998 | 9775610 |
| kinetics and cross-species comparisons of host antibody responses to lone star ticks and american dog ticks (acari: ixodidae). | understanding of the animal antibody response to tick salivary gland proteins is necessary to identify candidate antibodies that may have use as species- and feeding-duration-specific biomarkers of tick exposure in humans. the kinetics of the humoral immune response of rabbits to challenge feeding by 2 tick species [amblyomma americanum (l.) and dermacentor variabilis (say)] was characterized by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot. western blot analysis revealed that rabbits pr ... | 1998 | 9775620 |
| geographic distribution of ticks (acari: ixodidae) in michigan, with emphasis on ixodes scapularis and borrelia burgdorferi. | a 12-yr (1985-1996) passive survey in michigan based upon tick submissions from citizens yielded 4,755 ticks of 21 species, 16 of which were probably indigenous in the state. three species of dermacentor [most common, d. variabilis say and d. albipictus (packard)]; 2 species of amblyomma [most common, a. americanum (l.)]; and 12 species of ixodes (most common, i. cookei packard and i. scapularis say), as well as haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), rhipicephalus sanguineus latreille, and th ... | 1998 | 9775623 |
| recognition of the tick genus anocentor schulze, 1937 (acari: ixodidae) by numerical taxonomy. | we report on an evaluation of the systematic position of the tick anocentor nitens (neumann), examining particularly whether anocentor should be regarded as a subgenus of dermacentor or as a separate genus. twelve species of ixodidae were analyzed phenetically by using 24 characters of adult ticks. a phenogram indicated 3 clusters, with anocentor more closely related to rhipicephalus than to dermacentor. the results of this study endorse the validity of the monotypic genus anocentor. | 1998 | 9775625 |
| ehrlichia chaffeensis in missouri ticks. | a nested polymerase chain reaction specific for ehrlichia chaffeensis was used to attempt to amplify dna from extracts of 100 individual ticks collected from 13 counties in central missouri. seventeen of 59 amblyomma americanum and six of 41 dermacentor variabilis ticks exhibited the characteristic 389-basepair product. this supports the hypothesis that these tick species may be vectors of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. | 1998 | 9790445 |