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chemical composition of wild fallow deer (dama dama) meat from south africa: a preliminary evaluation.although fallow deer are abundant in south africa, these cervids remain undervalued as a domestic protein source and little information exists on their meat quality. this study aimed to evaluate the proximate and mineral compositions of the meat from wild fallow deer (n = 6 male, n = 6 female) harvested in south africa, as affected by sex and muscle. proximate analyses were conducted on six muscles (longissimus thoracis et lumborum [ltl], biceps femoris [bf], semimembranosus [sm], semitendinosus ...202032392786
fallow deer (dama dama) as a reservoir of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec).shiga toxin-producing escherichia (e.) coli (stec) are responsible for the outbreaks of serious diseases in humans. only a few reports on fallow deer as a reservoir of foodborne pathogens have been published to date. the purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of stec strains in the fallow deer population in poland. in all, 94 fallow deer swabs were tested. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed to detect the virulence profile of stx1, stx2 and eae or aggr genes, to identify ...202032438625
prenatal histomorphological development of the reticulum in fallow deer (dama dama).the histomorphological changes occurring in the dama dama reticulum during prenatal development have been investigated. twenty-five dama dama embryos were used, from the first stages of prenatal life until birth. differentiation of the reticulum was observed at 23% gestation. by 25% gestation the reticular wall comprised three layers: an internal epithelial layer, a middle layer of pluripotential blastemic tissue and an external layer or serosa. primary reticular crests were visible at 38% gesta ...202032441442
cross-sectional study of british wild deer for evidence of schmallenberg virus infection.schmallenberg virus (sbv) is an orthobunyavirus, carried by culicoides biting midges, that causes reproductive problems in adult ruminants when infected during their gestation period. sbv was first detected in ruminants in the uk in 2011/2012 and then again in 2016. the reason behind the 2016 re-emergence of sbv is unknown, but one possibility is that it can be maintained in wildlife, such as deer. sbv has been detected at high seroprevalence in deer in a number of european countries, but only o ...202032447285
bioactive compounds in fermented sausages prepared from beef and fallow deer meat with acid whey addition.the present study examined the effect of the type of meat (beef and fallow deer) and the addition of freeze-dried acid whey on nutritional values and the content of bioactive compounds (peptides, l-carnitine, glutathione, and conjugated linoleic acid (cla)) in uncured fermented sausages. the antioxidant properties of isolated peptides (abts, dpph radical scavenging activity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power) were also evaluated. the results showed that fallow deer sausages had higher peptid ...202032456021
long-term determinants of tuberculosis in the ungulate host community of doñana national park.animal tuberculosis (tb) is endemic in wild boar (sus scrofa), red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama) and cattle in south and central spain. in order to clarify the processes that operate in the medium and long-term, we studied tb at the wildlife-livestock interface in doñana national park for 14 years (2006-2018) in relation to host density, stochastic factors (rainfall) and environmental features (e.g., aggregation points such as waterholes). wild boar showed the highest prevalence ...202032516963
serosurveillance of schmallenberg virus in wild ruminants in spain.schmallenberg disease (sbd) is an emerging vector-borne disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants. a long-term serosurvey was conducted to assess exposure to schmallenberg virus (sbv) in all the wild ruminant species present in mainland spain. between 2010 and 2016, sera from 1,216 animals were tested for antibodies against sbv using a commercial blocking elisa. the overall prevalence of antibodies was 27.1% (95%ci: 24.7-29.7). statistically significant differences among species were obse ...202032530115
pan-american trypanosoma (megatrypanum) trinaperronei n. sp. in the white-tailed deer odocoileus virginianus zimmermann and its deer ked lipoptena mazamae rondani, 1878: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation.the subgenus megatrypanum hoare, 1964 of trypanosoma gruby, 1843 comprises trypanosomes of cervids and bovids from around the world. here, the white-tailed deer odocoileus virginianus (zimmermann) and its ectoparasite, the deer ked lipoptena mazamae rondani, 1878 (hippoboscid fly), were surveyed for trypanosomes in venezuela.202032532317
chronic wasting disease (cwd) in cervids.in april and may of 2016, norway confirmed two cases of chronic wasting disease (cwd) in a wild reindeer and a wild moose, respectively. in the light of this emerging issue, the european commission requested efsa to recommend surveillance activities and, if necessary, additional animal health risk-based measures to prevent the introduction of the disease and the spread into/within the eu, specifically estonia, finland, iceland, latvia, lithuania, norway, poland and sweden, and considering seven ...201732625260
post-mortem recovery, in vitro maturation and fertilization of fallow deer (dama dama, linnaeus 1758) oocytes collected during reproductive and no reproductive season.habitat degradation leads to small and fragmented populations, lower genetic variability and fertility overtime. assisted reproductive techniques represent important tools to cope with the dramatic loss of biodiversity. fallow deer (dama dama), beyond its high commercial value and wide distribution, may represent the most suitable model to study endangered cervids. in this study, oocytes were recovered post-mortem from fallow deer during the breeding and no breeding seasons and were in vitro mat ...202032654335
competitor densities, habitat, and weather: effects on interspecific interactions between wild deer species.there is a growing interest on the potential interplay between weather, habitat, and interspecific competition on population dynamics of wild herbivores. favorable environmental conditions may buffer the negative effects of competition; conversely, competition may be expected to be stronger under harsh environmental conditions. we investigated relationships between competitor abundance, weather, and habitat cover on density and local distribution of a medium-sized herbivore, the roe deer capreol ...202032654371
stoichiometric variation within and between a terrestrial herbivorous and a semi-aquatic carnivorous mammal.the elemental composition of the mammalian body is widely believed to be more or less constant within and among species, yet reliable comparisons of elemental content are lacking. here, we examine the elemental composition of two mammal species with different diet and provenance: terrestrial herbivorous fallow deer (dama dama) - collected from a single area - and semi-aquatic carnivorous eurasian otter (lutra lutra) - collected from different areas.202032693327
the role of different species of wild ungulates and ixodes ricinus ticks in the circulation of genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum in a forest biotope in north-western poland.the aim of this study was to reveal genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum strains occurring in different species of wild ungulates and in ixodes ricinus ticks to check the role of the examined species in the circulation of the revealed variants in nature. the aim was also to determine if the detected variants of a. phagocytophilum are specific for particular game species as well as to examine their identity with other strains, including pathogenic ones. sequences of the amplified groel h ...202032723651
farmed-raised fallow deer (dama dama l.) carcass characteristics and meat nutritional value.this study analysed carcass features and the chemical composition of semimembranosus (sm) and longissimus thoracis et lumborum (ltl) muscles from farmed-raised fallow deer (dama dama l.) bucks (nā€‰=ā€‰8). mineral contents and fatty acid composition were also determined in the muscles and the fulfilment of the demand for minerals was calculated for adults. dressing percentage was 55.2%, whereas the proportions of round, shoulder and loin were 38.4%, 15.5% and 14.4%, respectively. the highest content ...202032724264
detection of new crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus genotypes in ticks feeding on deer and wild boar, spain.crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is the causative agent of the severe tick-borne, often fatal, zoonotic crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf), which is widely distributed worldwide. the cchfv transmission to humans occurs through tick bite, crushing of engorged ticks or contact with infected host blood. previously, cchfv genotype africa iii was reported in spain. given the emergence of cchf and the role of ticks in pathogen maintenance and transmission, we investigated the presen ...202032738065
wild fallow deer (dama dama) as definitive hosts of fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) in alpine new south wales.to determine the extent to which wild deer are contributing in the transmission of fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) livers from deer shot by hunters, farmers undertaking population control on their farms and vertebrate pest controllers were collected and frozen. the livers were later thawed, sliced and examined for the presence of adult flukes or evidence of past infection. livers from 19 deer were examined (18 fallow [dama dama] and one sambar [rusa unicolor]). seventeen of the fallow deer were ...202032743841
the effect of barley and lysine supplementation on the longissimus lumborum meat quality of pasture-raised fallow deer (dama dama).the chemical characteristics (proximate composition, amino acids, and fatty acids) and sensory quality of the longissimus lumborum (ll) muscle of 45 farmed male fallow deer were investigated. the animals were divided into three separate groups (n = 15 per treatment): pasture-fed (p), pasture-fed and supplemented with barley (b), and pasture-fed and supplemented with barley and lysine (bl). differences were observed in ll moisture and the intramuscular fat contents, the latter being almost two-fo ...202032911635
distribution of pestivirus exposure in wild ruminants in spain.a large-scale study was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibodies against pestivirus species in wild ruminants and describe their spatial variation in mainland spain. serum samples of 1,874 wild ruminants from different regions of this country were collected between the years 2000 and 2017. a total of 6.6% (123/1,874) animals showed antibodies against pestivirus by both blocking elisa (belisa) and virus neutralization tests (vnt). the prevalence of antibodies against pestiviruses was ...202032920992
the scale-dependent effectiveness of wildlife management: a case study on british deer.impacts of herbivory by wild ungulates represent a significant issue world-wide. to be effective, management of populations and impacts needs to be coordinated above the site scale, yet little research has investigated the appropriate spatial scale over which management should be integrated to be fully effective. in consideration of reduction of impacts in deciduous or mixed woodland habitats, we tested scale-specific management effectiveness in a lowland area of uk where moderate- to high-densi ...202032947117
sampling scale and season influence the observed relationship between the density of deer and questing ixodes ricinus nymphs.the relationship between environmentally transmitted tick parasites, ixodes spp., and their main reproductive host, deer, is generally thought to be positive. however, measuring host abundance and density directly can be challenging and indirect methods are often used. the observed relationship between the parasite and host may be affected by sampling scale and season, which could lead to different inferences being made. here, we aimed to test the effect of sampling scale and season on the relat ...202032993763
wildlife ungulate rescue and emergency services in the pisa area (tuscany, italy): evaluation of a 9-years period (2010-2018).background: we analyzed the clinical data of wildlife ungulates admitted for emergency care to the veterinary teaching hospital (vth), department of veterinary medicine, university of pisa over a 9-years period. methods: clinical data of all the wildlife ungulates admitted to the vth were recorded. blood samples were also taken from the animals for hematological and biochemical analysis. an assessment of ecto- and endoparasites was carried out, diagnostic imaging assessment was performed, and th ...202033033722
investigation of johne's disease in tasmanian fallow deer (dama dama).in 2012 when many sheep flocks in northern-central tasmania were experiencing a high prevalence of ovine johne's disease, 34 wild adult fallow deer shot on or near infected properties were negative to microscopic mptb lesions of the ileo-caecal valve, terminal ileum and ileo-caecal lymph nodes. this study demonstrated 95% confidence of detecting johne's disease in this fallow deer population if ā‰„10% of animals were shedding mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in their faeces, or if ā‰„21% ...202033063317
a survey of shared pathogens at the domestic-wild ruminants' interface in doñana national park (spain).a cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate shared pathogens that can be transmitted by close or non-close contact at the domestic-wild ruminants' interface. during summer-autumn 2015, a total of 138 cattle and 203 wild ruminants (red deer, cervus elaphus, and fallow deer, dama dama) were sampled in doñana national park (dnp, south-western spain), a mediterranean ecosystem well known for the interaction network occurring in the ungulate host community. pestiviruses, bovine respiratory sy ...202133900033
long-term determinants of the seroprevalence of the bluetongue virus in deer species in southern spain.bluetongue is a vector-borne disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants, with a major socioeconomic impact. endemic circulation of the bluetongue virus serotype 4 (btv-4) and btv-1 have occurred in spain since 2004 and 2007, respectively. however, epidemiological studies have seldom been approached from a long-term perspective in wild ruminants. a total of 881 deer (red deer and fallow deer) were necropsied from 2005 to 2018 as part of the dnp health-monitoring program. serum samples were tes ...202134280654
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