Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| rabies and post-exposure prophylaxis in thai children. | thailand is an endemic area for rabies, with approximately 300 human deaths reported annually. more than half of the rabies patients are children under 14 years of age. this paper reports clinical data of paediatric rabies cases occurring from 1980 to 1986, and the protective efficacies of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv) and purified vero cell rabies vaccine (pvrv) in children exposed to rabid animals. the analysis of 120 medical records revealed that rabies in children had incubation p ... | 1989 | 2751769 |
| enhanced antibody response to rabies virus in patients with neurologic complications following brain tissue-derived rabies vaccination. | sera from 26 patients with major neurologic complications, 19 patients with minor complications and 23 patients with no complications induced by semple rabies vaccine were assayed for neutralizing antibody to rabies virus. seroconversion to the protective level (greater than or equal to 0.5 iu/ml) was found in 21 of 22 patients (95%) with major complications, and in 7 of 19 (37%) with minor complications, occurring during the first 14 days of vaccination. this was in contrast to 42% (5/12) seroc ... | 1989 | 2751770 |
| use of mouse anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies in postexposure treatment of rabies. | immunization of mice and hamsters with a cocktail of mouse mabs specific for rabies virus nucleocapsid protein and glycoprotein protected animals not only when challenged with a lethal dose of rabies virus after immunization, but also in post-exposure situations. hamsters treated with the mab cocktail 3 h after virus inoculation were completely protected from lethal rabies virus infection, and 80% of the animals survived when the mab cocktail was given 36 h after virus challenge. the potential u ... | 1989 | 2760222 |
| [chronic infection of cultured cells by rabies viruses]. | the culture of the continuous cellular line bhk 21 c13 was infected in the routine way by rabies virus, a kind of fixed cvs virus. through 100 passages, the virus was (parallely) isolated and titrated in white mice and in the cellular culture by the technique of fluorescent tfa-a antibodies. in respect to mice, infectiveness of cells was less marked, while through further passages infectiveness of cells increased, while the titre in mice decreased. in the course of 100 passages, a repeat infecti ... | 1989 | 2761478 |
| [abortive and recurrent rabies in dogs intracerebrally infected with the rabies street virus]. | in the experiments on dogs inoculated intracerebrally with the "paralytic rabies" variant of the "yak" strain of street rabies virus we observed spontaneous recovery of 1 out of 5 sick animals. rabies in this dog was verified by three isolations of the virus from the saliva during the disease and by an increase of antibody titres in the time course of to 6776. in another experiment, among 7 dogs developing rabies after intracerebral inoculation with the "convulsive rabies" variant of the virus o ... | 1989 | 2763514 |
| complete cloning and molecular organization of a rabies-related virus, mokola virus. | mokola virus is a rabies-related virus responsible for both animal and human encephalitis cases in africa. we report here the construction of a genomic library containing overlapping cdna clones encompassing the entire genome. five overlapping clones were sufficient to cover the genome (about 12 kb in size). mokola virus was shown to share the same genomic organization as the rabies virus genome and also identical transcription signals. cdna probes characterized six different transcripts by nort ... | 1989 | 2769229 |
| regional distribution of rabies viral antigen in central nervous system of human encephalitic and paralytic rabies. | we studied the distribution of rabies viral antigen in the brain and spinal cord of 7 patients with rabies by immunohistochemical techniques. four patients presented with encephalitis, the remaining 3 had paralysis. neither the rabies viral antigen distribution nor inflammation paralleled clinical presentations. patients who had survival times of 7 days or less (4/7) had a greater amount of antigen-positive neurons in brainstem and spinal cord regardless of the clinical type. neuroglial cells we ... | 1989 | 2769305 |
| detection of rabies virus rna in the central nervous system of experimentally infected mice using in situ hybridization with rna probes. | rabies virus is usually demonstrated in human or animal tissues using antigen-detection or viral isolation techniques. rabies virus rna can be demonstrated in paraffin-embedded tissues using in situ hybridization. negative (-) sense 35s- and 3h-labeled rna probes, specific for rabies virus nucleocapsid protein mrna, were used for the detection of rabies virus rna in the nervous system of mice experimentally infected with fixed and street strains of rabies virus. in situ hybridization signals wer ... | 1989 | 2778026 |
| lymphocyte proliferative response to rabies virus antigen. | rabies virus (rv) infection, as well as active immunisation using viral antigen, elicit both humoral and cellular reactions whose protective effects are still unclear. we evaluated both responses in order to find valuable monitoring parameters for the immunisation procedure. three laboratory workers repetitively immunised with booster human diploid cell vaccine against rabies virus, 13 patients from the anti-rabies centre (vaccinated for the first time) and 10 healthy volunteers (not immunised n ... | 1989 | 2779457 |
| interleukin 2 acts as an adjuvant to increase the potency of inactivated rabies virus vaccine. | interleukin 2 (il-2) occupies a central position in the cascade of events involved in the immune response. we were interested in determining whether il-2 could function as an adjuvant to vaccination, to increase the immune response to vaccine immunogens. using the national institutes of health test for rabies vaccine potency, we found that daily systemic administration of il-2 in conjunction with inactivated rabies virus can increase the potency of vaccination in outbred mice at least 25-fold, a ... | 1989 | 2786210 |
| rabies virus-specific t cell hybridomas: identification of class ii mhc-restricted t-cell epitopes using synthetic peptides. | rabies virus-specific t-cell hybridomas were produced from immune mice by somatic cell fusion. cloned t-cell hybridomas were studied for antigen specificity using purified virus, a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing rabies glycoprotein and synthetic peptides containing amino acid sequences of rabies viral antigens. two closely situated t-cell epitopes of rabies glycoprotein, and one of rabies nucleoprotein were identified using synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acid sequences of these ... | 1989 | 2787273 |
| effect of strain differences on the potency testing of rabies vaccines in mice. | antigenic differences between several strains of rabies virus, namely cvs, sad and flury (lep) strains, were studied in cross-challenge experiments or cross-neutralization tests performed on sera of mice immunized with vaccines containing each strain. a typical wild fox virus strain was also included as challenge virus. the strain differences affected the relative potencies of the three vaccines in the european pharmacopoeia mouse protection test for veterinary rabies vaccines, in that higher an ... | 1989 | 2793877 |
| [experimental study of the regularity of t-killer induction as a result of anti-rabies immunization]. | experiments in cba, mice immunized with inactivated unconcentrated cultural rabies vaccine (crv) demonstrated that a clone of t-effectors of memory was formed within 30-37 days after primary immunization which reacted by the secondary type in response to inoculation of subthreshold doses of the rabies antigen. this clone of immunological memory seems to remain in the quiescent state for very long periods (the observation period 406 days). the immune splenocytes from the donors which had been giv ... | 1989 | 2800527 |
| post exposure studies with human diploid cell rabies vaccine and purified chick embryo cell vaccine: comparative serological responses in man. | rabies-neutralising antibody responses to human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine (hdcsv) and purified chick embryo cell vaccine (pcecv) were studied in 125 patients previously exposed to rabid animals having received 3, 5 and 6 doses on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90. antibody response was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) with hdcsv than pcecv in all subjects irrespective of their sex and age group. three doses on day 0, 3, 7 given for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis to class i patients w ... | 1989 | 2803459 |
| immune response to purified chick embryo cell culture rabies vaccine (rabipur) in dog-bite victims. | the immunogenic and protective efficacy of a new, killed and purified rabies virus vaccine prepared in chick embryo fibroblast cell culture, has been evaluated. vaccine was administered on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90 to 29 subjects who were bitten by dogs. persons bitten on the face, neck or hand were also given rabies immunoglobulin. virus neutralizing antibody was measured on serially collected sera. on day 14, all 26 subjects who were tested had developed protective levels of antibody. high l ... | 1989 | 2807425 |
| oral vaccination of raccoons (procyon lotor) with an attenuated (sad-b19) rabies virus vaccine. | unlike previous reports to the contrary, raccoons (procyon lotor) were successfully vaccinated against rabies with a liquid sad-b19 attenuated virus vaccine administered per os and given in vaccine-laden baits. there was neither evidence of vaccine-induced rabies in raccoons nor in a limited safety trial with opossums (didelphis virginiana) given sad-b19. protection from lethal street rabies virus infection was not absolute: only three of nine raccoons given 1 x 10(6.0) tcid/ml were protected ve ... | 1989 | 2810555 |
| proposed field evaluation of a rabies recombinant vaccine for raccoons (procyon lotor): site selection, target species characteristics, and placebo baiting trials. | prior to a limited field application of an orally-administered vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) recombinant virus vaccine for wildlife, background data were obtained for the proposed site on parramore island, virginia (usa). mammalian target and nontarget species, potentially at risk for exposure to vaccine were inventoried. placebo baiting trials with a fishmeal polymer bait resulted in high bait disturbance (88 to 100%), primarily by raccoons (procyon lotor), with infrequent visitation and ... | 1989 | 2810556 |
| reduced schedule of human antirabies immunization with fuenzalida & palacios vaccine. | the present study evaluates the humoral and cellular immune responses in 35 volunteers submitted to short antirabies vaccination schedules with the fuenzalida & palacios vaccine based on the administration of doses on non consecutive days. the volunteers were divided into two groups. the first group received a total number of five doses given on days 0, 4, 7, 20 and 35. the other group received four doses, the first one being a double dose given on day 0 and than three other single doses on days ... | 1989 | 2814201 |
| two-year comparative trial on the immunogenicity and adverse effects of purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine for pre-exposure immunization. | the human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv) has been shown to be highly immunogenic when used for pre-exposure immunization. however, the high cost of the product and the adverse reactions seen following booster doses of hdcv have limited its use. a purified chick embryo cell (pcec) rabies vaccine was compared with the hdcv by two routes of administration for reactogenicity, antibody response, duration of antibody, and anamestic response to boosters over a 2 year period. the study showed that t ... | 1989 | 2815976 |
| human diploid cell rabies vaccine purified by zonal centrifugation: a controlled study of antibody response and side effects following primary and booster pre-exposure immunizations. | systemic allergic reactions following booster immunizations have complicated rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis with the human diploid cell rabies vaccine licensed in the us (conventional hdcv). we conducted two studies comparing an hdcv purified by zonal centrifugation to conventional hdcv. in a study of primary pre-exposure immunization, volunteers received one of four regimens: three 1.0-ml intramuscular (i.m.) or 0.1-ml intradermal (i.d.) doses of conventional or purified hdcv over 28 days. alt ... | 1989 | 2815979 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using staphylococcal protein a for the measurement of rabies antibody in various species. | an elisa was developed using staphylococcal protein a linked with horseradish peroxidase for detecting igg antibody of rabies virus in human and carnivore sera (80 human, 270 fox, 40 cat, 35 marten, 5 badger and 4 polecat sera were tested in the present work). in comparison with the serum neutralization (sn) test in cell culture, close overall agreement was obtained particularly in human and cat sera (97.5%). two post-vaccination human sera were found positive with elisa values of 2.16 and 2.65 ... | 1989 | 2816177 |
| lymphocyte subsets in human encephalitic and paralytic rabies. | lymphocyte subsets of 7 patients with encephalitic and paralytic rabies were determined by immunocytochemical techniques using mouse monoclonal antibodies. almost all patients had diminished mononuclear cells of leu 7 phenotype (natural killer cells). cells of leu 12 marker (b cells) were decreased in 3 paralytic rabies patients compared with those of 4 patients in the encephalitic group. | 1989 | 2816284 |
| [isolation of polymeric glycoprotein complexes of enveloped viruses using the quill a glycoside and a study of their immunogenic activity]. | specific multimer complexes of glycoproteins of enveloped viruses were prepared by treatment of suspensions of purified concentrated virus with a non-ionic detergent meck mixed with 0.2% glycoside quil a. mixed complexes of glycoproteins with glycoside quil a were formed upon removal of the detergent from the mixture of solubilized glycoproteins and glycoside quil a. according to the results of electron microscopy, the formed complexes differed morphologically from the conventional micelles of g ... | 1987 | 2823481 |
| [the growth of attenuated strains of canine parvovirus, mink enteritis virus, feline panleukopenia virus, and rabies virus on various types of cell cultures]. | the growth characteristics were studied in the attenuated strains of canine parvovirus cpva-bn 80/82, mink enteritis virus meva-bn 63/82 and feline panleucopenia virus fpva-bn 110/83 on the stable feline kidney cell line fe, and in the attenuated canine distemper virus cdv-f-bn 10/83 on chicken embryo cell cultures (keb) and cultures of the stable cell line vero. when the fe cultures were infected with different parvoviruses in cell suspension at moi 2-4 tkid50 per cell, the first multiplication ... | 1987 | 2827364 |
| controlled organization of multimolecular complexes of enveloped virus glycoproteins: study of immunogenicity. | some technological and immunological problems facing the preparation of subunit viral vaccines are discussed. solubilization of enveloped virus glycoproteins with various detergents has been studied. it has been demonstrated that a novel non-ionic detergent, mesk, can be used to prepare the glycoproteins of enveloped viruses in defined supramolecular forms: monomers, micelles, liposomes and multimeric complexes. these preparations have been tested for immunogenicity. it has been shown that the i ... | 1988 | 2848380 |
| fowlpox virus as a vector in non-avian species. | examination of the members of the poxvirus family reveals a large and diverse group with members infecting almost every animal species. to a large extent, members of the individual genera have a broad host range and infect a number of animal species, although, as baxby has pointed out, successful experimental inoculation of a species does not necessarily mean that this species provides a natural host for that virus. avipox viruses, together with swinepox virus occupy a somewhat unique position i ... | 1988 | 2854335 |
| recombinant fowlpox virus inducing protective immunity in non-avian species. | the natural host of fowlpox virus is limited to avian species. when inoculated into non-avian tissue culture cells, however, fowlpox virus can initiate an abortive infection. a fowlpox virus was engineered to express rabies virus glycoprotein. on inoculation of the recombinant virus into either avian (permissive) or non-avian (non-permissive) cells, the rabies glycoprotein was expressed as a membrane-associated antigen. inoculation of the fowlpox virus recombinant into six different species of m ... | 1988 | 2854338 |
| experimental rabies in hibernator rodents. | experiments carried out in different seasons with different strains of rabies virus have shown that hibernation prolonged the incubation period in sousliks (citellus major pall.). mean survival of the animals infected during the active period was 32 days, while during hibernation it was 147.3 days (p less than 0.05), in some cases up to 251 days. the virus was isolated from and/or detected by fluorescent antibody test in 50% of cases in the brown fat and in some cases in the salivary glands and ... | 1985 | 2859761 |
| characteristics of cellular and humoral immune responses after immunization with different rabies vaccines. | three rabies vaccines were compared: 1. the fermi type vaccine, a phenol-treated suspension of brain tissue from infected sheep; 2. a virus grown in sheep brain, purified from the contaminating material to 85-90% and inactivated with beta-propiolactone; 3. and the mniip-74 strain cultured in japanese quail embryo cells and inactivated with beta-propiolactone. a single immunization of mice with any of the preparations resulted in about 50% inhibition of splenocyte migration after 2 days; by day 1 ... | 1985 | 2860797 |
| interferonogenicity of rabies vaccines as related to their therapeutic and prophylactic activities. | non-interferonogenic rabies vaccine prepared from a virus grown in sheep brain and devoid of neuroallergenic factor and an interferonogenic vaccine from the same virus strain cultured in japanese quail embryo cells have been compared. in mouse experiments both preparations appeared to have identical therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy. it seems that interferonogenicity of rabies vaccines cannot be used as a criterion of their prophylactic or therapeutic effects. the effectiveness of exogenous ... | 1985 | 2866692 |
| involvement of gangliosides in rabies virus infection. | the role of gangliosides in rabies virus infection of chick embryo-related (cer) cells was investigated. cultured cells were pretreated with neuraminidase to render the cells transiently non-susceptible to viral infection. incubation of these desialylated cells with gangliosides allowed them to incorporate exogenous gangliosides and they recovered their susceptibility to rabies virus infection. infection of cer cells was monitored by specific fluorescence 24 h after virus inoculation. the use of ... | 1986 | 2868068 |
| experimental chemotherapy of rabies. preliminary results. | the effect of 17 immunosuppressive, cytostatic or antiviral agents on the course of illness in weanling conventional mice infected intracerebrally (i.c.) or intramuscularly (i. m.) with lethal or sublethal doses of rabies virus strains isolated from fox and small wild rodents was studied. potentiation or suppression of virulence by the same compound with some virus strains depended on the route of infection. the best protective effect on i.c. and i. m. infections was achieved with iododeoxyuridi ... | 1986 | 2871735 |
| immunomodulation by bordetella pertussis: antiviral effects. | treatment of mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of pertussis vaccine or lipopolysaccharide extracted from b. pertussis will effect resistance to rabies virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, semliki forest virus, and herpes simplex virus. our previous observations indicated that treatment of c3h/hen (+/nu) and bdf1 mice with pertussis vaccine injected i.p. five days prior to a mouse adenovirus lethal dose i.p. challenge elicited resistance to clinical disease and death. susceptibility returned to a ... | 1985 | 2872109 |
| new purified vero-cell vaccine prevents rabies in patients bitten by rabid animals. | the protective effect of a new, potentially economical tissue-culture rabies vaccine, purified vero-cell rabies vaccine (pvrv), was tested in 106 patients bitten by animals with proven rabies. 0.5 ml pvrv was given intramuscularly on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 91; 47 patients with severe exposure were also given 20 iu/kg human rabies immune globulin (hrig). all patients are alive and well after 1 year. side-effects of treatment were negligible. rabies neutralising antibody (greater than or equal ... | 1986 | 2873399 |
| human rabies vaccines induce neutralising antibodies against the european bat rabies virus (duvenhage) | 1986 | 2875263 | |
| bat rabies in denmark. | 1987 | 2880176 | |
| production in vero cells of an inactivated rabies vaccine from strain frv/k for animal and human use. | a new concentrated and purified rabies vaccine was produced in vero cells. two rabies virus strains, the fixed rabies virus pasteur (frv) and pittman moore (pm) were adapted to vero cells by 20 cycles of alternating passages in the brain of weaning mice. intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of weaning mice was followed then by 17 and 20 serial passages in vero cells of rfv and pm strains, respectively. the adapted strains designated as frv/k and pm/k gave titres of 10(6) +/- 1.5 log (ld50/ml for i.c ... | 1987 | 2892381 |
| rapid diagnosis of rabies and post-vaccinal encephalitides. | in an attempt to establish the diagnoses of rabies post-vaccinal encephalitis (pve) and early rabies encephalitis, paired serum and csf levels of rabies neutralizing antibody (rab) and rabies specific-igm (rigm) were compared in 12 pve, 10 rabies and five control patients with similar presenting clinical features. rapid methods of rabies antigen detection were evaluated in 17 patients. all 12 pve patients had rab in their serum and in eight it was also present in the csf. these same eight had ri ... | 1988 | 2894908 |
| detection of rabies antigen in canine parotid glands by dot-blot technique. | 1988 | 2895384 | |
| specific activity of tissue culture antirabic vaccine rabivak-vnukovo-32 with short intramuscular vaccination schedule. | tissue culture rabies vaccine has been used for subcutaneous immunization of 158 subjects according to official instructions and also for intramuscular immunization of 128 subjects according to a short schedule with booster inoculations. all 286 subjects were either bitten or contaminated with saliva of rabid animals or animals suspected of having rabies. the 1168 serum samples were tested by neutralization test (nt) in mice, by radial haemolysis (rh) and by indirect haemagglutination (iha). the ... | 1988 | 2902769 |
| human anti-idiotypic t lymphocyte clones are activated by autologous anti-rabies virus antibodies presented in association with hla-dq molecules. | the regulatory function of antigen-specific t cells in human antibody responses to protein and carbohydrate determinants of many viral and bacterial antigens has extensively been studied in systems involving in vitro triggering of b cells by antigens or polyclonal activators. although amply documented in experimental murine models, the existence of t helper cells with receptor specificity for idiotypic determinants of b cell immunoglobulins has not been demonstrated in a human system. we are int ... | 1987 | 2908179 |
| re: "epidemiology of rabies virus variants: differentiation using monoclonal antibodies and discriminant analysis". | 1989 | 2912056 | |
| rabies: ocular pathology. | ocular pathology in the first european case of human bat-borne rabies is described. the patient was a 30-year-old bat scientist who seven weeks after bat bite developed neurological symptoms and died 23 days later. rabies virus antigens were detected in brain smears. after extensive virological studies the virus turned out to be a rabies-related virus, closely resembling the duvenhage virus isolated from bats in south africa in 1980. by light microscopy focal chronic inflammatory infiltration of ... | 1989 | 2920157 |
| cerebrospinal fluid analysis of rabid and vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant, orally vaccinated raccoons (procyon lotor). | cerebrospinal fluid obtained from clinically normal free-ranging raccoons was analyzed and compared with csf obtained from raccoons vaccinated orally with vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) recombinant virus vaccine and subsequently challenged peripherally with street rabies virus, and csf from naive, rabies virus challenge-exposed control raccoons. significant differences were not found in csf of free-ranging or v-rg recombinant virus vaccine recipient raccoons, and there was no evidence of cn ... | 1989 | 2930023 |
| [antibody response in patients vaccincated with anti-rabies vaccine vnukovo-32 and hdcv mérieux]. | 1985 | 2932229 | |
| [counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the determination of anti-rabies antibodies]. | 1986 | 2944524 | |
| [wild rabies in insectivorous bats in chile]. | 1987 | 2959293 | |
| increased mortality in mice infected with rabies virus and subsequently vaccinated against rabies. | when mice infected 1 or 2 days before by an im inoculation after high passage of the virus in the species ("challenge virus standard" strain) received an injection of live (flury) or inactivated virus, their mortality was increased in comparison with unvaccinated controls. in the case of the inactivated virus vaccine, mortality was proportional to the dose of vaccine received. conversely, when vaccination was carried out in mice recently infected with the same doses of a heterologous strain adap ... | 1988 | 2972508 |
| biologically active peptides of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. | a peptide corresponding to the amino-terminal 25 amino acids of the mature vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein has recently been shown to be a ph-dependent hemolysin. in the present study, we analyzed smaller constituent peptides and found that the hemolytic domain resides within the six amino-terminal amino acids. synthesis of variant peptides indicates that the amino-terminal lysine can be replaced by another positively charged amino acid (arginine) but that substitution with glutamic acid ... | 1985 | 2981356 |
| immunofluorescent staining of trypsinized formalin-fixed brain smears for rabies antigen: results compared with those obtained by standard methods for 221 suspect animal cases in nigeria. | formalin-fixed samples from 221 animal brains received for rabies diagnosis in nigeria were digested in 0.1% trypsin in phosphate buffered saline, ph 7.4, and smears stained for rabies antigen by direct immunofluorescence (if). the results were compared with those obtained using fresh material from the same animals for negri body staining, mouse inoculation (mi) and occasionally immunofluorescent staining. from 191 specimens examined for negri bodies and by mouse inoculation 51 and 64 respective ... | 1985 | 2982942 |
| performance of laboratories in testing for rabies virus--united states. | 1985 | 2984532 | |
| human and chimpanzee monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibody-secreting cell lines were isolated after transformation of peripheral blood leukocytes with epstein-barr virus. blood samples were obtained from human donors having circulating antibodies against hepatitis viruses (hab, hbv), rubella, or rabies virus and from a chimpanzee infected with hav. dextran-isolated leukocytes were submitted to epstein-barr virus infection at low cell concentrations (1 x 10(4) cells x ml-1). proliferating clones could be observed in 50-100% of the cul ... | 1985 | 2989374 |
| phosphorylation of the n and m1 proteins of rabies virus. | phosphorylation of rabies virus proteins was followed in vivo and in vitro. the n and m1 proteins were both found to be phosphorylated. the m1 protein was present in the virion in two phosphorylated states, but only the hypophosphorylated form of m1 was found in infected cells. the hypothesis that some of the m1 molecules become hyperphosphorylated during the maturation process by a membrane-bound kinase was examined. the phosphorylation of the viral proteins by the kinase present in purified ra ... | 1985 | 2995564 |
| [monoclonal antibodies in diseases of viral origin]. | 1985 | 2996158 | |
| primary structure of leader rna and nucleoprotein genes of the rabies genome: segmented homology with vsv. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 3'region of the rabies genome (pv strain). this work is a first step in a project aimed at establishing the complete primary structure. from the 3'nucleotide sequence of the rna genome, an octadecanucleotide complementary to the 3'extremity was constructed and used to prime cdna synthesis. two overlapping recombinant cdna clones hybridizing with the nucleoprotein mrna (nmrna) were isolated and sequenced. the 1500 first nucleotides of the rabies g ... | 1986 | 3008096 |
| use of t cell-specific anti-idiotypes to immunize against viral infections. | 1986 | 3009303 | |
| effect of amantadine on rhabdovirus infection. | enveloped viruses enter host cells by fusion or viropexis. the latter mechanism is the prevalent entry pathway of rhabdoviruses into susceptible cells. amantadine, a lysosomotropic agent, inhibits the multiplication of various groups of viruses. the effect of this drug was investigated on vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies fixed virus strain replication in fibroblasts. amantadine was added to cells before, during and after infection to detect the phase of viral replication affected by the dru ... | 1985 | 3013559 |
| serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens of wolves in alaska, 1975-1982. | serum samples were collected from 116 wolves which were captured in southcentral alaska during 1975 through 1982. antibodies to the following infectious disease agents were found: infectious canine hepatitis virus-72 of 87 (81%), canine parvovirus type 2-0 of 55 (0%) through 1979 and 10 of 32 (31%) after 1979, francisella tularensis-16 of 67 (25%), canine distemper virus-10 of 83 (12%), coxiella burnetti-5 of 95 (5%), rabies virus-1 of 88 (1%), brucella spp.-1 of 67 (1%), leptospira interrogans- ... | 1987 | 3029442 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone carrying the glycoprotein gene of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, a fish rhabdovirus. | the nucleotide sequence of the mrna encoding the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus was determined from a cdna clone containing the entire coding region. the g-protein cdna is 1,609 nucleotides long (excluding the polyadenylic acid) and encodes a protein of 508 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence was compared with that of the glycoprotein of the indiana and new jersey serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus and with the glycoprotein of rabies virus, using a comput ... | 1987 | 3033264 |
| synthetic peptides in the study of the interaction of rabies virus and the acetylcholine receptor. | the neurotropism of some viruses may be explained in part by the attachment of these viruses to host cell receptors that are present on or even largely restricted to neurons. rabies virus is an rna virus that, after a period of replication in muscle, gains access to the central nervous system, where it selectively infects certain neuronal populations. the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor occurs in high density at the neuromuscular junction and is present in the central nervous system. although s ... | 1988 | 3041753 |
| immunization of arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) with oral rabies vaccine. | arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) were successfully immunized against rabies using an orally-administered, liquid sad-bhk21 live virus vaccine in a sausage bait. immunization was determined by serologic response and by resistance to challenge with an arctic rabies virus strain. virus was not shed in saliva following oral vaccination, indicating that arctic foxes would not infect other foxes after ingesting this vaccine. high antibody levels were present in all experimental foxes 2 wk following initi ... | 1988 | 3045347 |
| history of rabies: advances in research towards rabies prevention during the last 30 years. | the great amount of basic research on rabies virus in the last 30 years has led to important improvements in the methods used for the prevention of rabies--methods that include rapid laboratory diagnosis, production of cell culture vaccine, and the means for controlling wildlife rabies. these advances are briefly reviewed. | 1988 | 3060952 |
| ecology and epidemiology of fox rabies. | although fox rabies has been reported in every country that has foxes, current foci of fox rabies are limited to europe and north america. the fox rabies virus has unique characteristics that seem to be the result of adaptation through successive passages, i.e., high pathogenicity for the fox, excretion in saliva of a high proportion of infected animals, and low frequency of postinfection immunity. the spread of fox rabies is greatly favored by the characteristics of the genus vulpes--ubiquity, ... | 1988 | 3060953 |
| human rabies and its prevention: an overview. | human rabies is underreported, but it clearly is still a frequent medical problem that is virtually confined to tropical countries. rabies encephalitis remains essentially incurable, and most patients die at home, their terrible symptoms unpalliated by sedatives or analgesics. recent attempts to cure rabies in well-equipped intensive care units have failed, a situation reemphasizing the importance of preventive measures. the great advances that have been made in understanding the rabies virus an ... | 1988 | 3060958 |
| rabies virus infection of myotubes and neurons as elements of the neuromuscular junction. | the neuromuscular junction represents a site of transit for both fixed and street rabies viruses. infection of cultured rat myotubes by fixed rabies virus was found to be restrictive, and although fluorescence observations showed that cells were infected, there were no infectious virus particles in the supernatant of infected myotubes. in contrast, infection of myotubes with street rabies virus produced infectious virus particles, and kinetic studies noted a growth cycle in these cells. neurons ... | 1988 | 3060959 |
| animal models in the pathogenesis and treatment of rabies. | various animal models have been developed for the study of the pathogenesis of rabies and of methods for halting its spread. the long incubation period and the relatively low mortality observed in human rabies can be mimicked by injecting mice in the footpad with rabies virus. to relate the immune response and efficacy of treatment to the situation in humans, however, it is necessary to corroborate the results in rodents with those in subhuman primates. methods effective and safe in subhuman pri ... | 1988 | 3060960 |
| antipeptide monoclonal antibodies inhibit the binding of rabies virus glycoprotein and alpha-bungarotoxin to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. | it has been reported that binding to muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the post-synaptic membrane is an important event of the rabies virus neurotropism. the binding site can be located within the 190-203 region of the virus glycoprotein sharing a high degree of homology with the "toxic loop" of the curare-mimetic snake neurotoxins. we have synthesized a tetradecapeptide corresponding to this glycoprotein region and used it, following conjugation with an immunogenic carrier to raise mab ... | 1988 | 3062388 |
| [diagnosis of rabies by cell culture]. | mouse inoculation test (mit) is a highly sensitive test for rabies diagnosis but slow and expensive. to detect rabies virus an in vitro technique using neuro 2a cell culture (cc) was compared with mit in two laboratories. in one laboratory, cc appeared to be on the whole more sensitive than mit, nevertheless mit was the only one to detect some positive samples. in the other laboratory, mit was more sensitive. these results justify the use of cc for epidemiological diagnosis but emphasize the int ... | 1988 | 3064966 |
| monoclonal antibodies to mokola virus for identification of rabies and rabies-related viruses. | rabies and rabies-related virus strains were studied by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against either nucleocapsid proteins or cell surface antigens of mokola virus (mok-3). each strain was used in parallel to infect cultured cells and mice. then, the patterns of reactivity of the different monoclonal antibodies were determined by the immunofluorescent-antibody staining procedure. on cells, the monoclonal antibodies differentiated fixed rabies virus strains (serotype 1) from rab ... | 1988 | 3068246 |
| the present status of rabies vaccine development and clinical experience with rabies vaccine. | attempts to control human rabies have a long history: animal and human vaccines provide efficient weapons for prevention. in this presentation, we would like to consider the different rabies vaccines available for human use, and particularly the modern vaccines produced in cell culture. rabies virus is considered as an unique virus, but in fact, 5 groups of rabies fixed strains are used throughout the world to produce human rabies vaccines: pasteur, beijing, flury, fuenzalida and sad strains. th ... | 1988 | 3070767 |
| [evaluation of 3 antigenically different strains of rabies virus, in mice. ii. study of viral dissemination, in various organs]. | 1988 | 3075342 | |
| [new research on the oral vaccination of wild animals]. | successful oral immunization of wildlife against rabies has strongly stimulated research in the past decade. new approaches have been developed for vaccine production (e.g.: use of recombinant vaccines) as well as for better potency or safety testing procedures. it appears that man should also consider two important phenomena which already existed in nature before his research. the first one is an adaptation of the rabies virus, by serial passages, which favours the spreading of the disease amon ... | 1988 | 3077440 |
| epidemiology and diagnosis of rabies in greece. | during the decade 1951-1960, 8626 rabies cases were reported among domestic animals in greece and 53 deaths in humans. during the decades 1961-1970, 1971-1980 cases were reduced to 3009 and 242, respectively, while no more cases in man occurred since 1970. vaccination campaigns of dogs, besides the low prevalence of rabies among wild animals, resulted in its eradication from the country. immunofluorescence is the method used for diagnosis. | 1988 | 3077442 |
| rabies vaccine: traditional and novel approaches. | 1987 | 3078836 | |
| [vaccination of ferrets (putorius furo) against rabies using a tissue vaccine]. | the use of live tissue rabies vaccine from vnukovo-32 strain produced by the bioveta national corporation at ivanovice na hané was tested on 15 ferrets (putorius furo l. 1758). the 21st day after subcutaneous application of 3 ml of vaccine, the average titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies was 1 : 71.4, and after subcutaneous and intramuscular application of 1 ml of vaccine the average titre was 1:20.6 and 1 : 15.6, respectively. the challenge test was performed 52 weeks after vaccination: a do ... | 1986 | 3083568 |
| genetic control of serum neutralizing-antibody response to rabies vaccination and survival after a rabies challenge infection in mice. | quantitative differences in serum neutralizing-antibody (snab) responses to rabies vaccination and survival after a rabies challenge infection between two inbred mice strains, c3h/j and c57bl/6j, were shown to be under genetic control. a 99% confidence limit calculated from the snab response titers of 14 c57bl/6j mice resulted in an upper limit for the snab response titer of c57bl/6j mice at 50.63. a snab titer less than or equal to 50.63 in response to rabies vaccination was assigned the phenot ... | 1986 | 3086569 |
| bat rabies--europe. | 1986 | 3088422 | |
| [propagation of viruses along neuron networks by transsynaptic passage--a contribution to the pathogenesis of rabies]. | certain neurotropic viruses are carried along neuronal processes by the axonal transport mechanisms. indirect morphologic evidence suggests that viral nucleic acid can be transmitted to other neurons by transsynaptic passage. through this mechanism the viral genome can reach widespread and remote brain areas by propagation along neuronal networks in an intracellular milieu. this type of propagation does not require completion of full replication cycles for cell-to-cell spread; transmission of in ... | 1986 | 3090737 |
| how reliable is amino acid sequence homology in predicting similarity of structure and function of c-myc and ad12 e1a oncogenic proteins? | adenovirus e1a and c-myc genes are known to be capable of transforming primary rat cells when they occur in combination with either polyoma middle-t or t24 harvey-ras1 genes. there was a low level of amino acid sequence homology between the nuclear adenovirus-12 (ad12)e1a protein product (289 amino acids) and the c-myc protein based on optimal alignment and percentage identity. in contrast to others [ralston r, bishop jm (1983) nature 306:803-806], we concluded that this low level of amino acid ... | 1986 | 3091845 |
| use of the single radial immunodiffusion test as a replacement for the nih mouse potency test for rabies vaccine. | the method currently recommended by the world health organization (who) for the potency assay of rabies vaccine is the nih mouse potency test, a highly variable test requiring large numbers of animals. the single radial immunodiffusion (srid) test, an in vitro test, has been used successfully for the quantitation of hemagglutinin in inactivated influenza vaccine and is being evaluated for its utility as an assay for the rabies virus glycoprotein, considered to be the major protective antigen, of ... | 1986 | 3098606 |
| single radial immunodiffusion assays for the standardization of the antigenic content of rabies vaccines. | the method currently recommended for the assay of rabies vaccine potency is a mouse protection test, the nih test. it is widely accepted that the estimates of potency obtained in such tests are imprecise. we have applied the single radial immunodiffusion (srd) technique to the assay of the glycoprotein antigen, the major protective antigen of the rabies virion. in this paper we have summarized the results of an international collaborative study, in which srd was shown to give reproducible estima ... | 1986 | 3098607 |
| evaluation of the single radial-immunodiffusion assay for measuring the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines. | the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines containing the pitman-moore strain of rabies virus was measured by the single radial immunodiffusion assay and correlated with vaccine potency. the variability of this assay was 6.3% for a single vaccine lot tested over a one-year period. using sera prepared against rabies virus glycoprotein from different strains of virus, the assay gave different values. these differences could be eliminated by using a homologous vaccine strain as an internal referen ... | 1987 | 3104340 |
| the effect of strain differences on the assay of rabies virus glycoprotein by single radial immunodiffusion. | antigenic differences between rabies virus strains used for vaccine manufacture can be demonstrated using monoclonal antibodies. we have shown that these differences are sufficiently large to affect the potency values of vaccines measured in single radial immunodiffusion (srd) assays if the reference and test vaccines are antigenically heterologous. the production of reagents for use in srd assays for each strain of rabies virus should be considered. | 1987 | 3104342 |
| vaccines and antibody immunotherapy in surgical patients. | immunoprophylaxis of infectious complications in surgical patients is currently practiced and is efficacious for disease caused by clostridium tetani, rabies virus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and hepatitis b virus. evidence exists that immunoprophylaxis and treatment of herpes viruses as well as gram-negative pathogens is possible, although extensive clinical testing will be required to establish immunotherapy as a effective clinical treatment modality for the control of disease caused by these a ... | 1987 | 3105341 |
| murine t cell clones directed to rabies virus: isolation and some of their properties. | seventeen thy-1+ cell clones were induced in a/j mice immunized with the hep-flury strain of rabies virus after repeated stimulations with antigens in vitro. ten clones with cell surface phenotypes thy-1+, lyt-1-,2+ were cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) which lysed the virus-infected target cells under h-2 restriction. target cells expressed the g and m2 structural proteins of rabies virus on their surface; however, target lysis by ctl clones was not blocked by anti-rabies antibody or by monoclonal ... | 1987 | 3106564 |
| rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis using intradermal human diploid cell vaccine: immunologic efficacy and cost-effectiveness in a university medical center and a review of selected literature. | the authors studied the antigenicity of intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine administered to 40 laboratory workers considered to be at-risk at the university of virginia medical center. a 1-year postvaccination serology was determined for 20 of those 40, all of whom demonstrated an antirabies titer greater than or equal to 1:50 by the raped fluorescent focus inhibition test. by 2 years' postvaccination, 5 of 40 subjects had "unprotective levels" (less than 1:5), whereas 35 had titers gr ... | 1987 | 3109240 |
| human rabies despite treatment with rabies immune globulin and human diploid cell rabies vaccine--thailand. | 1987 | 3118174 | |
| [survival of rabies virus under external conditions]. | the survival of the street rabies virus in a 10% suspension, prepared from the salivary gland of a naturally infected fox, was studied under various conditions. a bioassay and titration on mice were used for the identification of the virus in different intervals. the heat inactivation of the virus in a suspension kept in a test tube at the temperatures of 20 degrees c and 37 degrees c was performed in two stages. the rapid reduction of the titre within 24 hours was followed by a slower decrease, ... | 1987 | 3125654 |
| human rabies--california, 1987. | 1988 | 3130561 | |
| [antibody response in dogs to the administration of rabies vaccine in inactivated tissue and live forms]. | 1988 | 3142135 | |
| sequence of the 3386 3' nucleotides of the genome of the avo1 strain rabies virus: structural similarities in the protein regions involved in transcription. | dna fragments complementary to the genome of an avirulent strain (avo1) of the rabies virus were cloned and sequenced. the sequence of the 3386 nucleotides from the 3' end covers the genes encoding the leader rna, the nucleoprotein n, the phosphoprotein m1 and the matrix protein m2, as well as the intergenic regions. comparison of the avo1 sequence with those of other rabies strains reveals a very high conservation at both the nucleotide and the amino acid levels. the non-protein coding regions ... | 1988 | 3147698 |
| rapid quantitative assay of rabies post-vaccination antibody by elisa. | an improved method of elisa for rabies post-vaccination antibody determination has been developed comparing adsorption properties of polystyrene beads and microtitre plates which were coated with different concentrations of rabies virus antigen. all 106 human post-vaccination serum samples tested were found repeatedly positive within the range of mean values (mv) from 1.4 to 43.0 international units (iu)/0.1 ml. the plates displayed much higher coefficient of variation (cv) when testing lower se ... | 1988 | 3179075 |
| sensitivity of different cell lines for rabies virus isolation. | 1988 | 3188725 | |
| epizootiology of skunk rabies in north america. | public health surveillance data from the united states and canada (1961 to 1982) were analyzed to determine if consistent temporal and spatial patterns in skunk rabies could be identified. enzootic/epizootic rabies was recognized in 18 states (enzootic states) based on the criteria of greater than or equal to 20 yr of reported skunk rabies and at least 1 yr with a minimum of 50 reported rabid skunks. in other wildlife species, epizootics have been demonstrated to expand along a wave-like front. ... | 1988 | 3193556 |
| [immunogenic properties of the liposomal form of the rabies vaccine]. | the liposomal form of inactivated cultural whole-virion rabies vaccine was shown to induce formation of more intensive immunity than the vaccine without liposomes. these data have been obtained in immunity challenge by intracerebral inoculation of fixed virus as well as intramuscular inoculation of street rabies virus. | 1988 | 3195143 |
| a rabies agglutination test (rat) for rabies antibody detection. | an agglutination test has been developed for the detection of rabies antibodies after human vaccination. the rabies agglutination test (rat) is based on the capability of specific antibody to agglutinate sensitized polystyrene (or latex) beads. in the rat, latex beads were coated, in a first step, with inactivated and purified rabies virus (pv strain adapted and propagated on bhk-21 cells) and, in a second step, with bovine serum albumin. negative control beads were coated with bovine serum albu ... | 1988 | 3198658 |
| immunization of foxes against rabies with a vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the rabies glycoprotein. | foxes were vaccinated orally (by bait), gastrically (by stomach tube) and by scarification with a vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the rabies glycoprotein. neutralizing antibodies against rabies virus were detected at two weeks postvaccination in 8/8 foxes in the bait-fed group, in 3/6 foxes inoculated by stomach tube and in 2/2 of the scarified foxes. after challenge at three months postvaccination with street rabies virus, all foxes that had developed antibodies were protected. the high r ... | 1988 | 3202696 |
| skunk rabies. | in north america, the number of cases of rabies diagnosed in skunks generally exceeds that in either raccoons or foxes. enzootic skunk rabies occurs mainly in four geographic regions: (1) southern ontario and quebec and upper new york state; (2) the north central united states and the canadian provinces of manitoba, saskatchewan, and alberta; (3) california; and (4) south central united states (texas and several adjacent states). rabies in these areas (in skunks and, to a large extent, in other ... | 1988 | 3206070 |
| monoclonal antibody studies of rabies in insectivorous bats of the united states. | isolates of rabies virus from terrestrial animals in six geographically separate rabies enzootic areas of the united states were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the viral n protein. characteristic differences in immunofluorescence reactions permitted the formation of five antigenically distinct reaction groups from the 328 isolates tested. distinctive reaction patterns were also identified for isolates from four species of bats. these observations were used to determine the rol ... | 1988 | 3206073 |
| oral rabies vaccination: an overview. | the vaccination of wild animals against rabies was first attempted in 1962 after the repeated failure of poisoning or trapping to control the movement of the disease in these species. the initial requirements of such a vaccine were that it be efficacious and inexpensive, that it allow animals to immunize themselves, and that it not cause vaccine rabies in the target species. foxes were chosen for research purposes because they are a problem species and are exquisitely susceptible to rabies. the ... | 1988 | 3206074 |