Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| Insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes after the introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets in Macha, Zambia. | Culex quinquefasciatus, an arboviral and filarial vector, is present in high numbers throughout sub-Saharan Africa, and insecticide-resistant populations have been reported worldwide. In order to determine the insecticide resistance status of Cx. quinquefasciatus in Macha, Zambia, adult mosquitoes reared from eggs collected from oviposition traps were tested by bioassay. High levels of resistance to DDT, pyrethroids, malathion, and deltamethrin-treated net material were detected, and molecular a ... | 2011 | 22129413 |
| Impact of insecticide-treated bed nets on malaria transmission indices on the south coast of Kenya. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Besides significantly reducing malaria vector densities, prolonged usage of bed nets has been linked to decline of Anopheles gambiae s.s. relative to Anopheles arabiensis, changes in host feeding preference of malaria vectors, and behavioural shifts to exophagy (outdoor biting) for the two important malaria vectors in Africa, An. gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus. In southern coastal Kenya, bed net use was negligible in 1997-1998 when Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae s ... | 2011 | 22165904 |
| Larval source management for malaria control in Africa: myths and reality. | ABSTRACT: As malaria declines in many African countries there is a growing realization that new interventions need to be added to the front-line vector control tools of long-lasting impregnated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) that target adult mosquitoes indoors. Larval source management (LSM) provides the dual benefits of not only reducing numbers of house-entering mosquitoes, but, importantly, also those that bite outdoors. Large-scale LSM was a highly effective method of malar ... | 2011 | 22166144 |
| Transplacental Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in a Highly Malaria Endemic Area of Burkina Faso. | Malaria congenital infection constitutes a major risk in malaria endemic areas. In this study, we report the prevalence of transplacental malaria in Burkina Faso. In labour and delivery units, thick and thin blood films were made from maternal, placental, and umbilical cord blood to determine malaria infection. A total of 1,309 mother/baby pairs were recruited. Eighteen cord blood samples (1.4%) contained malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum). Out of the 369 (28.2%) women with peripheral pos ... | 2012 | 22174725 |
| fresh, dried or smoked? repellent properties of volatiles emitted from ethnomedicinal plant leaves against malaria and yellow fever vectors in ethiopia. | abstract: background: in the search for plant-based mosquito repellents, volatile emanations were investigated from five plant species, corymbia citriodora, ocimum suave, ocimum lamiifolium, olea europaea and ostostegia integrifolia, traditionally used in ethiopia as protection against mosquitoes. methods: the behaviour of two mosquitoes, the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis and the arbovirus vector aedes aegypti, was assessed towards volatiles collected from the headspace of fresh and dried ... | 2011 | 22182798 |
| Reproductive success in Anopheles arabiensis and the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae: Do natural sporozoite infection and body size matter? | Malaria parasites stages prior to sporozoite formation are known to affect the fecundity of several species of mosquitoes in the laboratory, but little is known about this phenomenon in natural conditions especially with sporozoite-infected anophelines. The reproductive success of wild-caught Anopheles arabiensis and the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae was investigated by comparing females infected with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites to females free of sporozoites. Association be ... | 2011 | 22198241 |
| target product profiles for protecting against outdoor malaria transmission. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual sprays (irs) have decimated malaria transmission by killing indoor-feeding mosquitoes. however, complete elimination of malaria transmission with these proven methods is confounded by vectors that evade pesticide contact by feeding outdoors. | 2012 | 22236388 |
| changes in malaria morbidity and mortality in mpumalanga province, south africa (2001-2009): a retrospective study. | malaria remains a serious epidemic threat in mpumalanga province. in order to appropriately target interventions to achieve substantial reduction in the burden of malaria and ultimately eliminate the disease, there is a need to track progress of malaria control efforts by assessing the time trends and evaluating the impact of current control interventions. this study aimed to assess the changes in the burden of malaria in mpumalanga province during the past eight malaria seasons (2001/02 to 2008 ... | 2012 | 22239855 |
| importance of factors determining the effective lifetime of a mass, long-lasting, insecticidal net distribution: a sensitivity analysis. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) reduce malaria transmission by protecting individuals from infectious bites, and by reducing mosquito survival. in recent years, millions of llins have been distributed across sub-saharan africa (ssa). over time, llins decay physically and chemically and are destroyed, making repeated interventions necessary to prevent a resurgence of malaria. because its effects on transmission are important (more so than the effects of individual protection), estimates of ... | 2012 | 22244509 |
| aging partially restores the efficacy of malaria vector control in insecticide-resistant populations of anopheles gambiae s.l. from burkina faso. | abstract: background: the operational impact of insecticide resistance on the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) is poorly understood. one factor which may prolong the effectiveness of these tools in the field is the increase in insecticide susceptibility with mosquito age. in this study, llins and irs were tested against young (three to five days) and old (17-19 days) pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae s.l. from burkina faso. methods: ... | 2012 | 22269002 |
| low and seasonal malaria transmission in the middle senegal river basin: identification and characteristics of anopheles vectors. | during the last decades two dams were constructed along the senegal river. these intensified the practice of agriculture along the river valley basin. we conducted a study to assess malaria vector diversity, dynamics and malaria transmission in the area. | 2012 | 22269038 |
| [agricultural activities and epidemiology of malaria in soudano-sahelian zone in cameroon]. | we have comparatively studied the dynamics of malaria transmission in the villages of mokolo-douvar located in the rural area with traditional agriculture and gounougou irrigated rice area, in 2004 august and november and 2006 may and october, to assess vectors biting habits, and malaria inoculation rate and malaria parasite prevalence in cohort of children from 0 to 15 years. mosquitoes were collected by landing catches on volunteers and by pyrethrum spray collections. a total of 5961 anopheles ... | 2012 | 22294407 |
| evaluation of a stable isotope method to mark naturally-breeding larval mosquitoes for adult dispersal studies. | understanding mosquito dispersal is critically important for vector-borne disease control and prevention. mark-release-recapture methods using various marking techniques have made substantial contributions to the study of mosquito biology. however, the ability to mark naturally breeding mosquitoes noninvasively and with life-long retention has remained problematic. here, we describe a method to mark naturally breeding mosquitoes with stable isotopes. culex pipiens f. molestus mosquitoes were pro ... | 0 | 22308772 |
| reduced risk of malaria parasitemia following household screening and treatment: a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study. | in regions of declining malaria transmission, new strategies for control are needed to reduce transmission and achieve elimination. artemisinin-combination therapy (act) is active against immature gametocytes and can reduce the risk of transmission. we sought to determine whether household screening and treatment of infected individuals provides protection against infection for household members. | 2012 | 22319629 |
| the ecology of anopheles mosquitoes under climate change: case studies from the effects of deforestation in east african highlands. | climate change is expected to lead to latitudinal and altitudinal temperature increases. high-elevation regions such as the highlands of africa and those that have temperate climate are most likely to be affected. the highlands of africa generally exhibit low ambient temperatures. this restricts the distribution of anopheles mosquitoes, the vectors of malaria, filariasis, and o'nyong'nyong fever. the development and survival of larval and adult mosquitoes are temperature dependent, as are mosqui ... | 2012 | 22320421 |
| wind direction and proximity to larval sites determines malaria risk in kilifi district in kenya. | studies of the fine-scale spatial epidemiology of malaria consistently identify malaria hotspots, comprising clusters of homesteads at high transmission intensity. these hotspots sustain transmission, and may be targeted by malaria-control programmes. here we describe the spatial relationship between the location of anopheles larval sites and human malaria infection in a cohort study of 642 children, aged 1-10-years-old. our data suggest that proximity to larval sites predict human malaria infec ... | 2012 | 22334077 |
| a modified experimental hut design for studying responses of disease-transmitting mosquitoes to indoor interventions: the ifakara experimental huts. | differences between individual human houses can confound results of studies aimed at evaluating indoor vector control interventions such as insecticide treated nets (itns) and indoor residual insecticide spraying (irs). specially designed and standardised experimental huts have historically provided a solution to this challenge, with an added advantage that they can be fitted with special interception traps to sample entering or exiting mosquitoes. however, many of these experimental hut designs ... | 2012 | 22347415 |
| the vector population monitoring tool (vpmt): high-throughput dna-based diagnostics for the monitoring of mosquito vector populations. | regular monitoring of mosquito vector populations is an integral component of most vector control programmes. contemporary data on mosquito species composition, infection status, and resistance to insecticides are a prerequisite for effective intervention. for this purpose we, with funding from the innovative vector control consortium (ivcc), have developed a suite of high-throughput assays based on a single "closed-tube" platform that collectively comprise the "vector population monitoring tool ... | 2010 | 22347668 |
| asymptomatic carriage of plasmodium in urban dakar: the risk of malaria should not be underestimated. | the objective of this study was to measure the rate of asymptomatic carriage of plasmodium in the dakar region two years after the implementation of new strategies in clinical malaria management. | 2012 | 22363558 |
| high prevalence of malaria in zambezia, mozambique: the protective effect of irs versus increased risks due to pig-keeping and house construction. | african countries are scaling up malaria interventions, especially insecticide treated nets (itn) and indoor residual spraying (irs), for which ambitious coverage targets have been set. in spite of these efforts infection prevalence remains high in many parts of the continent. this study investigated risk factors for malaria infection in children using three malaria indicator surveys from zambezia province, mozambique. the impact of irs and itns, the effects of keeping farm animals and of the co ... | 2012 | 22363640 |
| light traps fail to estimate reliable malaria mosquito biting rates on bioko island, equatorial guinea. | the human biting rate (hbr), an important parameter for assessing malaria transmission and evaluating vector control interventions, is commonly estimated by human landing collections (hlc). although intense efforts have been made to find alternative non-exposure mosquito collection methods, hlc remains the standard for providing reliable and consistent hbrs. the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between human landing and light trap collections (ltc), in an attempt to estimate oper ... | 2012 | 22364588 |
| ookinete destruction within the mosquito midgut lumen explains anopheles albimanus refractoriness to plasmodium falciparum (3d7a) oocyst infection. | previous studies have shown that the central american mosquito vector, anopheles albimanus, is generally refractory to oocyst infection with allopatric isolates of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. however, the reasons for the refractoriness of a. albimanus to infection with such isolates of p. falciparum are unknown. in the current study, we investigated the infectivity of the p. falciparum clone 3d7a to laboratory-reared a. albimanus and another natural vector of human malaria, ... | 2012 | 22366731 |
| malaria vectors in lake victoria and adjacent habitats in western kenya. | the prevalence of malaria among the residents of the lake victoria basin remains high. the environment associated with the lake may maintain a high number of malaria vectors. lake habitats including water hyacinths have been suspected to be the source of vectors. this study investigated whether malaria vectors breed in the lake habitats and adjacent backwater pools. anopheline larvae were collected within the littoral zone of the lake and adjacent pools located along approximately 24.3 km of the ... | 2012 | 22412913 |
| igg responses to the gsg6-p1 salivary peptide for evaluating human exposure to anopheles bites in urban areas of dakar region, sénégal. | urban malaria can be a serious public health problem in africa. human-landing catches of mosquitoes, a standard entomological method to assess human exposure to malaria vector bites, can lack sensitivity in areas where exposure is low. a simple and highly sensitive tool could be a complementary indicator for evaluating malaria exposure in such epidemiological contexts. the human antibody response to the specific anopheles gsg6-p1 salivary peptide have been described as an adequate tool biomarker ... | 2012 | 22424570 |
| spatial repellency of transfluthrin-treated hessian strips against laboratory-reared anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in a semi-field tunnel cage. | vapour phase spatial repellents deter mosquitoes from attacking one or more humans in a protected space. simulation models indicate that high coverage of spatial repellents can enhance the impact of long - lasting insecticide nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) where mosquito vectors commonly bite humans outdoors. here we report a preliminary evaluation of an effective, user-friendly prototype product for delivering spatial repellents to protect against malaria vector mosquitoes. | 2012 | 22433128 |
| characterization of mosquito breeding sites in and in the vicinity of tigray microdams. | malaria vector control in ethiopia has a history of more than 50 years, but malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in ethiopia. thus, targeting the control program on the larval stage is of paramount importance. this study aimed to characterize the aquatic habitats of vector mosquito larvae associated with micro-dams. | 0 | 22434986 |
| larval habitat, ecology, seasonal abundance and vectorial role in malaria transmission of anopheles arabiensis in jazan region of saudi arabia. | studies on the ecology and role in malaria transmission of the local anopheline fauna of an. arabiensis, was undertaken at the red sea coastal plain, the tihama, in saudi arabia, an area of moderate malaria endemicity. studies were carried out over a 13 months period from march 2007, by larval collection and by adult collection using pyrethrum knockdown (pkd), and cdc light-traps at 9 s sites. in total 479,520 mosquitoes of 14 species collected seven anopheles species were identified: an. gambia ... | 2011 | 22435155 |
| species shifts in the anopheles gambiae complex: do llins successfully control anopheles arabiensis? | high coverage of conventional and long-lasting insecticide treated nets (itns and llins) in parts of e africa are associated with reductions in local malaria burdens. shifts in malaria vector species ratio have coincided with the scale-up suggesting that some species are being controlled by itns/llins better than others. | 2012 | 22438864 |
| prevalence of malaria infection in butajira area, south-central ethiopia. | in 2005, the ethiopian government launched a massive expansion of the malaria prevention and control programme. the programme was aimed mainly at the reduction of malaria in populations living below 2,000 m above sea level. global warming has been implicated in the increase in the prevalence of malaria in the highlands. however, there is still a paucity of information on the occurrence of malaria at higher altitudes. the objective of this study was to estimate malaria prevalence in highland area ... | 2012 | 22443307 |
| exploiting the behaviour of wild malaria vectors to achieve high infection with fungal biocontrol agents. | control of mosquitoes that transmit malaria has been the mainstay in the fight against the disease, but alternative methods are required in view of emerging insecticide resistance. entomopathogenic fungi are candidate alternatives, but to date, few trials have translated the use of these agents to field-based evaluations of their actual impact on mosquito survival and malaria risk. mineral oil-formulations of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana were applied u ... | 2012 | 22449130 |
| impact of mosquito bites on asexual parasite density and gametocyte prevalence in asymptomatic chronic plasmodium falciparum infections and correlation with ige and igg titers. | an immunomodulatory role of arthropod saliva has been well documented, but evidence for an effect on plasmodium sp. infectiousness remains controversial. mosquito saliva may orient the immune response toward a th2 profile, thereby priming a th2 response against subsequent antigens, including plasmodium. orientation toward a th1 versus a th2 profile promotes igg and ige proliferation, respectively, where the former is crucial for the development of an efficient antiparasite immune response. here ... | 2012 | 22451520 |
| footprints of positive selection associated with a mutation (n1575y) in the voltage-gated sodium channel of anopheles gambiae. | insecticide resistance is an ideal model to study the emergence and spread of adaptative variants. in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, this is complemented by a strong public health rationale. in this insect, resistance to pyrethroid and ddt insecticides is strongly associated with the mutations l1014f and l1014s within the para voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc). across much of west africa, 1014f frequency approaches fixation. here, we document the emergence of a mutation, n157 ... | 2012 | 22493253 |
| single-nucleotide polymorphisms for high-throughput genotyping of anopheles arabiensis in east and southern africa. | anopheles arabiensis patton is one of the principal vectors of malaria in sub-saharan africa, occupying a wide variety of ecological zones. this species is increasingly responsible for malaria transmission in africa and is becoming the dominant vector species in some localities. despite its growing importance, little is known about genetic polymorphisms in this species. multiple sequences of various gene fragments from an. arabiensis isolates from cameroon were obtained from genbank. in total, 2 ... | 0 | 22493848 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of avermectin/milbemycin parasiticides on the african malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis. | four cattle parasiticides of the avermectin/milbemycin class were examined for lethal and sublethal effects on the zoophilic, african malaria vector anopheles arabiensis. ivermectin, moxidectin, doramectin, and eprinomectin were mixed with bovine blood and provided to laboratory-reared an. arabiensis in a membrane feeder. ivermectin and eprinomectin were lethal to an. arabiensis at low concentrations (lc50s of 7.9 ppb and 8.5 ppb, respectively). while the lethality of doramectin (lc50 of 23.9 pp ... | 2012 | 22493850 |
| artemisinin-based combination therapy does not measurably reduce human infectiousness to vectors in a setting of intense malaria transmission. | artemisinin-based combination therapy (act) for treating malaria has activity against immature gametocytes. in theory, this property may complement the effect of terminating otherwise lengthy malaria infections and reducing the parasite reservoir in the human population that can infect vector mosquitoes. however, this has never been verified at a population level in a setting with intense transmission, where chronically infectious asymptomatic carriers are common and cured patients are rapidly a ... | 2012 | 22513162 |
| the impact of indoor residual spraying on malaria incidence in east shoa zone, ethiopia. | in ethiopia, nearly 70% of the population resides in areas prone to malaria infection. the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of indoor residual spraying (irs) on the incidence of malaria in east shoa zone of ethiopia. | 2012 | 22514514 |
| assessment of the effect of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying for malaria control in three rural kebeles of adami tulu district, south central ethiopia. | in the adami tulu district, indoor residual spraying (irs) and insecticide-treated nets (itns) has been the main tool used to control malaria. the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of irs and itns control strategies in aneno shisho kebele (lowest administrative unit of ethiopia) compared with kamo gerbi (supplied itn only) and jela aluto (no irs and itns), with regards to the prevalence of malaria and mosquito density. | 2012 | 22533789 |
| evaluation of 15 local plant species as larvicidal agents against an indian strain of dengue fever mosquito, aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae). | the adverse effects of chemical insecticides-based intervention measures for the control of mosquito vectors have received wide public apprehension because of several problems like insecticide resistance, resurgence of pest species, environmental pollution, toxic hazards to humans, and non-target organisms. these problems have necessitated the need to explore and develop alternative strategies using eco-friendly, environmentally safe, bio-degradable plant products which are non-toxic to non-targ ... | 2012 | 22536188 |
| differential plasmodium falciparum infection of anopheles gambiae s.s. molecular and chromosomal forms in mali. | anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) is a primary vector of plasmodium falciparum in sub-saharan africa. although some physiological differences among molecular and chromosomal forms of this species have been demonstrated, the relative susceptibility to malaria parasite infection among them has not been unequivocally shown. the objective of this study was to investigate p. falciparum circumsporozoite protein infection (csp) positivity among an. gambiae s.s. chromosomal and molecular forms. | 2012 | 22540973 |
| the polymorphism and the geographical distribution of the knockdown resistance (kdr) of anopheles sinensis in the republic of korea. | in the republic of korea (rok), six sibling species of the anopheles sinensis complex are considered the vector species of malaria, but data on their susceptibilities to malaria and vector capacities have been controversial. the intensive use of insecticides has contributed to the rapid development and spread of insecticide resistance in the an. sinensis complex. knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids and ddt in the an. sinensis complex is associated with a mutation in codon 1014 of the volta ... | 2012 | 22554130 |
| distribution of drug resistance genotypes in plasmodium falciparum in an area of limited parasite diversity in saudi arabia. | two hundred and three plasmodium falciparum isolates from jazan area, southwest saudi arabia, were typed for pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhps, and dhfr mutations associated with resistance to chloroquine, mefloquine, halofantrine, artemisinin, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and the neutral polymorphic gene pfg377. a large proportion (33%) of isolates harbored double mutant dhfr genotype (51i,59c,108n). however, only one isolate contained mutation dhps-437g. for pfcrt, almost all examined isolates (163; 99%) harb ... | 0 | 22556074 |
| haemoglobin variants and plasmodium falciparum malaria in children under five years of age living in a high and seasonal malaria transmission area of burkina faso. | genetic factors play a key role in determining resistance/susceptibility to infectious disease. susceptibility of the human host to malaria infection has been reported to be influenced by genetic factors, which could be confounders if not taken into account in the assessment of the efficacy of interventions against malaria. this study aimed to assess the relationship between haemoglobin genotypes and malaria in children under five years in a site being characterized for future malaria vaccine tr ... | 2012 | 22559271 |
| abiotic and biotic factors associated with the presence of anopheles arabiensis immatures and their abundance in naturally occurring and man-made aquatic habitats. | anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) is a potential malaria vector commonly present at low altitudes in remote areas in reunion island. little attention has been paid to the environmental conditions driving larval development and abundance patterns in potential habitats. two field surveys were designed to determine whether factors that discriminate between aquatic habitats with and without an. arabiensis larvae also drive larval abundance, comparatively in man-made and naturally occurring h ... | 2012 | 22608179 |
| dry season reproductive depression of anopheles gambiae in the sahel. | the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, is widespread south of the sahara including in dry savannahs and semi-arid environments where no surface water exists for several months a year. adults of the m form of an. gambiae persist through the long dry season, when no surface waters are available, by increasing their maximal survival from 4 weeks to 7 months. dry season diapause (aestivation) presumably underlies this extended survival. diapause in adult insects is intrinsically linked to ... | 2012 | 22609421 |
| seasonal variation in metabolic rate, flight activity and body size of anopheles gambiae in the sahel. | malaria in africa is vectored primarily by the anopheles gambiae complex. although the mechanisms of population persistence during the dry season are not yet known, targeting dry season mosquitoes could provide opportunities for vector control. in the sahel, it appears likely that m-form a. gambiae survive by aestivation (entering a dormant state). to assess the role of eco-physiological changes associated with dry season survival, we measured body size, flight activity and metabolic rate of wil ... | 0 | 22623189 |
| an affordable, quality-assured community-based system for high-resolution entomological surveillance of vector mosquitoes that reflects human malaria infection risk patterns. | more sensitive and scalable entomological surveillance tools are required to monitor low levels of transmission that are increasingly common across the tropics, particularly where vector control has been successful. a large-scale larviciding programme in urban dar es salaam, tanzania is supported by a community-based (cb) system for trapping adult mosquito densities to monitor programme performance. | 2012 | 22624853 |
| lethal effects of aspergillus niger against mosquitoes vector of filaria, malaria, and dengue: a liquid mycoadulticide. | aspergillus niger is a fungus of the genus aspergillus. it has caused a disease called black mold on certain fruits and vegetables. the culture filtrates released from the a. niger atcc 66566 were grown in czapek dox broth (cdb) then filtered with flash chromatograph and were used for the bioassay after a growth of thirty days. the result demonstrated these mortalities with lc(50), lc(90), and lc(99) values of culex quinquefasciatus 0.76, 3.06, and 4.75, anopheles stephensi 1.43, 3.2, and 3.86, ... | 2012 | 22629156 |
| human exposure to anopheline mosquitoes occurs primarily indoors, even for users of insecticide-treated nets in luangwa valley, south-east zambia. | current front line malaria vector control methods such as indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), rely upon the preference of many primary vectors to feed and/or rest inside human habitations where they can be targeted with domestically-applied insecticidal products. we studied the human biting behaviour of the malaria vector anopheles funestus giles and the potential malaria vector anopheles quadriannulatus theobald in luangwa valley, south-east zambia. | 2012 | 22647493 |
| detoxification enzymes associated with insecticide resistance in laboratory strains of anopheles arabiensis of different geographic origin. | the use of insecticides to control malaria vectors is essential to reduce the prevalence of malaria and as a result, the development of insecticide resistance in vector populations is of major concern. anopheles arabiensis is one of the main african malaria vectors and insecticide resistance in this species has been reported in a number of countries. the aim of this study was to investigate the detoxification enzymes that are involved in an. arabiensis resistance to ddt and pyrethroids. | 2012 | 22676389 |
| a new larval tray and rack system for improved mosquito mass rearing. | the requirement for efficient mosquito mass rearing technology has been one of the major obstacles preventing the large scale application of the sterile insect technique against mosquitoes. at the food and agriculture organization/international atomic energy agency (fao/ iaea) insect pest control laboratories we developed a larval rearing unit based on the use of a stainless steel rack that operates 50 thermoformed abs plastic trays and is expected to be able to successfully rear 140,000-175,000 ... | 2012 | 22679867 |
| longitudinal follow-up of malaria transmission dynamics in two villages in a sahelian area of niger during a nationwide insecticide-treated bednet distribution programme. | malaria transmission was monitored in two villages in the sahel zone of niger over 4 years. during this period, a nationwide vector control programme was carried out in which insecticide-treated bednets were distributed free to mothers of children aged <5 years. anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) were found to be the major malaria vectors. the dynamics of an. gambiae s.l. did not vary dramatically over the study period although the proportion of female mosquitoes fou ... | 2012 | 22680979 |
| change in composition of the anopheles gambiae complex and its possible implications for the transmission of malaria and lymphatic filariasis in north-eastern tanzania. | a dramatic decline in the incidence of malaria due to plasmodium falciparum infection in coastal east africa has recently been reported to be paralleled (or even preceded) by an equally dramatic decline in malaria vector density, despite absence of organized vector control. as part of investigations into possible causes for the change in vector population density, the present study analysed the anopheles gambiae s.l. sibling species composition in north-eastern tanzania. | 2012 | 22681999 |
| evidence of carbamate resistance in urban populations of anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes resistant to ddt and deltamethrin insecticides in lagos, south-western nigeria. | resistance monitoring is essential in ensuring the success of insecticide based vector control programmes. this study was carried out to assess the susceptibility status of urban populations of anopheles gambiae to carbamate insecticide being considered for vector control in mosquito populations previously reported to be resistant to ddt and permethrin. | 2012 | 22686575 |
| [sterile insect technique: targeted control without insecticide]. | sterile insect technique (sit) is a method of disease vector control technique that consists of releasing overwhelming numbers of sterile males. this method provides an environmentally friendly alternative to insecticides. another advantage of sit in comparison with other methods is to provide a targeted species-specific approach. in reunion island, sit has been proposed as a basis for developing a viable method of vector control against aedes albopictus and anopheles arabiensis. the technique h ... | 2012 | 22693930 |
| abundance and dynamics of anopheline larvae in a highland malarious area of south-central ethiopia. | malaria is a public health problem in ethiopia, and increasingly so in highland areas, possibly because of global warming. this study describes the distribution, breeding habitat and monthly dynamics of anopheline larvae in butajira, a highland area in south-central ethiopia. | 2012 | 22695178 |
| genetic sex separation of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, by exposing eggs to dieldrin. | the sterile insect technique (sit) has been used with success for suppressing or eliminating important insect pests of agricultural or veterinary importance. in order to develop sit for mosquitoes, female elimination prior to release is essential as they are the disease-transmitting sex. a genetic sexing strain (gss) of anopheles arabiensis was created based on resistance to dieldrin, and methods of sex separation at the egg stage were developed. the use of this strain for sit will require sexua ... | 2012 | 22713308 |
| population dynamics of anopheles gambiae s.l. in bobo-dioulasso city: bionomics, infection rate and susceptibility to insecticides. | historical studies have indicated that an. gambiae s.s. is the predominant malaria vector species in bobo-dioulasso the second biggest city of burkina faso (west africa). however, over the last decade, an. arabiensis appears to be replacing an. gambiae s.s. as the most prevalent malaria vector in this urban setting. to investigate this species transition in more detail the present study aims to provide an update on the malaria vector composition in bobo-dioulasso, and also the plasmodium infecti ... | 2012 | 22721002 |
| [malaria prevention: the general practitioners experience on the reunion island]. | malaria has been officially eradicated from the reunion island since 1979. however, a potentially active vector of the disease - anopheles arabiensis - persists on the island. the risk of resurgence is quite significant. more than 90%of the patients presenting a malarial infection in reunion island after a stay in madagascar or in the comoros had followed a chemoprophylaxis that was not in accordance with the guidelines. a survey, that included 100 general practitioners, wasconducted in the reun ... | 2012 | 22744381 |
| knockdown resistance, rdl alleles, and the annual entomological inoculation rate of wild mosquito populations from lower moshi, northern tanzania. | understanding vector behavioral response due to ecological factors is important in the control of disease vectors. this study was conducted to determine the knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles, dieldrin resistance alleles, and entomological inoculation rates (eirs) of malaria vectors in lower moshi irrigation schemes for the mitigation of disease transmission. | 0 | 22754247 |
| thermal limits of wild and laboratory strains of two african malaria vector species, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. | malaria affects large parts of the developing world and is responsible for almost 800,000 deaths annually. as climates change, concerns have arisen as to how this vector-borne disease will be impacted by changing rainfall patterns and warming temperatures. despite the importance and controversy surrounding the impact of climate change on the potential spread of this disease, little information exists on the tolerances of several of the vector species themselves. | 2012 | 22770378 |
| development of an allele-specific, loop-mediated, isothermal amplification method (as-lamp) to detect the l1014f kdr-w mutation in anopheles gambiae s. l. | malaria control relies heavily on treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying with pyrethroid insecticides. unfortunately, the resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, mainly due to the kdr mutation, is spreading in the main malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.l., decreasing the insecticides' efficacy. to manage the insecticide resistance rapidly and flexibly, simple and effective tools for the early detection of resistant mosquitoes are needed. this study aimed to develop an allele-specific, loo ... | 2012 | 22770418 |
| three years of insecticide resistance monitoring in anopheles gambiae in burkina faso: resistance on the rise? | a longitudinal anopheles gambiae s.l. insecticide-resistance monitoring programme was established in four sentinel sites in burkina faso. for three years, between 2008 and 2010, who diagnostic dose assays were used to measure the prevalence of resistance to all the major classes of insecticides at the beginning and end of the malaria transmission season. species identification and genotyping for target site mutations was also performed and the sporozoite rate in adults determined. | 2012 | 22799568 |
| an observational study of material durability of three world health organization-recommended long-lasting insecticidal nets in eastern chad. | a total of 876 nets (229 interceptor(®), 363 olyset(®), and 284 permanet(®)) were collected 14 months post-distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) from 811 households of internally displaced and host communities in dar sila district in eastern chad to examine their physical condition. holes were recorded by using three hole categories (average diameter = 2, 3.5, and 15 cm) and a proportionate hole index (phi). a total of 69.5% were in poor or very poor condition. there was no sign ... | 2012 | 22802441 |
| predictors of plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence in chano mille, south ethiopia: a longitudinal study. | we assessed potential effects of local meteorological and environmental conditions, indoor residual spraying with insecticides, insecticide-treated nets (itns) use at individual and community levels, and individual factors on plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence in a village in south ethiopia. a cohort of 8,121 people was followed for 101 weeks with active and passive surveillance. among 317 microscopically confirmed p. falciparum malaria episodes, 29.3% occurred among temporary residents. th ... | 2012 | 22826493 |
| mapping the receptivity of malaria risk to plan the future of control in somalia. | to measure the receptive risks of malaria in somalia and compare decisions on intervention scale-up based on this map and the more widely used contemporary risk maps. | 2012 | 22855625 |
| larval food quantity affects development time, survival and adult biological traits that influence the vectorial capacity of anopheles darlingi under laboratory conditions. | the incidence of malaria in the amazon is seasonal and mosquito vectorial capacity parameters, including abundance and longevity, depend on quantitative and qualitative aspects of the larval diet. anopheles darlingi is a major malaria vector in the amazon, representing >95% of total anopheles population present in the porto velho region. despite its importance in the transmission of the plasmodium parasite, knowledge of the larval biology and ecology is limited. studies regarding aspects of adul ... | 2012 | 22856645 |
| pyrethroid resistance in anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis in western kenya: phenotypic, metabolic and target site characterizations of three populations. | field and laboratory investigations revealed phenotypic, target site and metabolic resistance to permethrin in an anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) population in bungoma district, a region in western kenya in which malaria is endemic and rates of ownership of insecticide-treated bednets are high. the sensitivity of individual an. gambiae s.l. females as indicated in assays using world health organization (who) test kits demonstrated reduced mortality in response to permethrin, deltamet ... | 2012 | 22861380 |
| linking land cover and species distribution models to project potential ranges of malaria vectors: an example using anopheles arabiensis in sudan and upper egypt. | anopheles arabiensis is a particularly opportunistic feeder and efficient vector of plasmodium falciparum in africa and may invade areas outside its normal range, including areas separated by expanses of barren desert. the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how spatial models can project future irrigated cropland and potential, new suitable habitat for vectors such as an. arabiensis. | 2012 | 22866895 |
| expression profile of genes during resistance reversal in a temephos selected strain of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti. | the mosquito aedes aegypti is one of the most important disease vectors because it transmits two major arboviruses, dengue and yellow fever, which cause significant global morbidity and mortality. chemical insecticides form the cornerstone of vector control. the organophosphate temephos a larvicide recommended by who for controlling ae. aegypti, however, resistance to this compound has been reported in many countries, including brazil. | 2012 | 22870187 |
| bio-efficacy of selected long-lasting insecticidal nets against pyrethroid resistant anopheles arabiensis from south-western ethiopia. | the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance in the major african malaria vectors anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis may compromise control initiatives based on insecticide-treated nets (itns) or indoor residual spraying (irs), and thus threaten the global malaria elimination strategy. | 2012 | 22871143 |
| modeling the role of environmental variables on the population dynamics of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. | the impact of weather and climate on malaria transmission has attracted considerable attention in recent years, yet uncertainties around future disease trends under climate change remain. mathematical models provide powerful tools for addressing such questions and understanding the implications for interventions and eradication strategies, but these require realistic modeling of the vector population dynamics and its response to environmental variables. | 2012 | 22877154 |
| a low-cost microfluidic chip for rapid genotyping of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes. | vector control is one of the most effective measures to prevent the transmission of malaria, a disease that causes over 600,000 deaths annually. around 30-40 anopheles mosquito species are natural vectors of malaria parasites. some of these species cannot be morphologically distinguished, but have behavioral and ecological differences. emblematic of this is the anopheles gambiae species complex. the correct identification of vector species is fundamental to the development of control strategies ... | 2012 | 22879919 |
| insecticide susceptibility status of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in khartoum city, sudan: differences between urban and periurban areas. | vector resistance to insecticides is becoming a major obstacle to malaria prevention measures. a baseline survey was carried out in khartoum city, sudan, during september-november 2007, to map the insecticide susceptibility status ofanophelesarabiensis and to examine the correlation with insecticide usage in urban agriculture. susceptibility tests were conducted in 6 sentinel sites representing urban and periurban strata of the city. mortality rates and knockdown times were calculated for 8 inse ... | 2012 | 22891527 |
| effect of swamp cultivation on distribution of anopheline larval habitats in western kenya. | malaria resurgence in highland regions of east africa has been on increase. the spatio-temporal distribution of larval habitats of malaria vectors determines the distribution of adult vectors, hence, disease transmission. vector's ecology is necessary for strategic vector control through effective plan for source reduction. mapping of the larval habitats is necessary for targeted control measures. the purpose of this study is to assess and compare the spatial and seasonal variations in anophelin ... | 0 | 22898476 |
| how does an ethiopian dam increase malaria? entomological determinants around the koka reservoir. | to identify entomological determinants of increased malaria transmission in the vicinity of the koka reservoir in central ethiopia. | 2012 | 22909096 |
| anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis population densities and infectivity in kopere village, western kenya. | this study was conducted in a sugar belt region of western kenya interfacing epidemic and endemic malaria transmission. we investigated anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (ss) and anopheles arabiensis species compositions and densities, human host choice, and infectivity. | 2012 | 22910571 |
| malaria control in south africa 2000-2010: beyond mdg6. | malaria is one of the key targets within goal 6 of the millennium development goals (mdgs), whereby the disease needs to be halted and reversed by the year 2015. several other international targets have been set, however the mdgs are universally accepted, hence it is the focus of this manuscript. | 2012 | 22913727 |
| malaria in east african highlands during the past 30 years: impact of environmental changes. | east african highlands are one of the most populated regions in africa. the population densities in the highlands ranged between 158 persons/km(2) in ethiopia and 410 persons/km(2) in rwanda. according to the united nations population fund, the region has the world's highest population growth rate. these factors are likely behind the high rates of poverty among the populations. as there were no employment opportunities other than agricultural, this demographic pressure of poor populations have i ... | 2012 | 22934065 |
| does cattle milieu provide a potential point to target wild exophilic anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) with entomopathogenic fungus? a bioinsecticide zooprophylaxis strategy for vector control. | background. anopheles arabiensis is increasingly dominating malaria transmission in africa. the exophagy in mosquitoes threatens the effectiveness of indoor vector control strategies. this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fungus against an. arabiensis when applied on cattle and their environments. methods. experiments were conducted under semi-field and small-scale field conditions within kilombero valley. the semi-field reared females of 5-7 days old an. arabiensis were exposed to f ... | 2012 | 22934152 |
| mosquito feeding assays to determine the infectiousness of naturally infected plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers. | in the era of malaria elimination and eradication, drug-based and vaccine-based approaches to reduce malaria transmission are receiving greater attention. such interventions require assays that reliably measure the transmission of plasmodium from humans to anopheles mosquitoes. | 2012 | 22936993 |
| absence of dry season plasmodium parasitaemia, but high rates of reported acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea in preschool-aged children in kaédi, southern mauritania. | the epidemiology of malaria in the senegal river gorgol valley, southern mauritania, requires particular attention in the face of ongoing and predicted environmental and climate changes. while "malaria cases" are reported in health facilities throughout the year, past and current climatic and ecological conditions do not favour transmission in the dry season (lack of rainfall and very high temperatures). moreover, entomological investigations in neighbouring regions point to an absence of malari ... | 2012 | 22958321 |
| variation in exposure to anopheles gambiae salivary gland peptide (gsg6-p1) across different malaria transmission settings in the western kenya highlands. | the existing metrics of malaria transmission are limited in sensitivity under low transmission intensity. robust surveillance systems are needed as interventions to monitor reduced transmission and prevention of rapid reintroduction. serological tools based on antibody responses to parasite and vector antigens are potential tools for transmission measurements. the current study sought to evaluate antibody responses to anopheles gambiae salivary gland peptide (gsg6- p1), as a biomarker of human e ... | 2012 | 22963464 |
| screening of selected ethnomedicinal plants from south africa for larvicidal activity against the mosquito anopheles arabiensis. | this study was initiated to establish whether any south african ethnomedicinal plants (indigenous or exotic), that have been reported to be used traditionally to repel or kill mosquitoes, exhibit effective mosquito larvicidal properties. | 2012 | 22963538 |
| comparative transcriptome analyses of deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from kenya by rna-seq. | malaria causes more than 300 million clinical cases and 665,000 deaths each year, and the majority of the mortality and morbidity occurs in sub-saharan africa. due to the lack of effective vaccines and wide-spread resistance to antimalarial drugs, mosquito control is the primary method of malaria prevention and control. currently, malaria vector control relies on the use of insecticides, primarily pyrethroids. the extensive use of insecticides has imposed strong selection pressures for resistanc ... | 2012 | 22970263 |
| variation in malaria transmission dynamics in three different sites in western kenya. | the main objective was to investigate malaria transmission dynamics in three different sites, two highland villages (fort ternan and lunyerere) and a lowland peri-urban area (nyalenda) of kisumu city. adult mosquitoes were collected using psc and cdc light trap while malaria parasite incidence data was collected from a cohort of children on monthly basis. rainfall, humidity and temperature data were collected by automated weather stations. negative binomial and poisson generalized additive model ... | 2012 | 22988466 |
| continuing medical education on infectious diseases: a saudi university hospital experience. | continuing medical education (cme) is an important and useful activity for updating knowledge in order to improve for outcome of health care. a cme update symposium on infectious diseases was therefore organized at the king fahd hospital of the university (kfhu), al-khobar, saudi arabia. participants included clinicians, laboratory personnel and nursing staff from different hospitals and universities in saudi arabia. | 0 | 23008630 |
| an inexpensive and effective larval diet for anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae): eat like a horse, a bird, or a fish? | a successful sterile insect technique program depends upon mass production of good-quality sterile insects for release into a target area. specifically, to control anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) in a pilot area in northern sudan, 1 million an. arabiensis sterile males per day are needed. to reach this production objective, mosquito mass rearing is indispensable and larval diet, a key parameter for the production of healthy male mosquitoes, needs to be cost-effective. the koi fl ... | 2012 | 23025180 |
| comparisons of life-history characteristics of a genetic sexing strain with laboratory strains of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) from northern sudan. | a genetic sex separation strain (gss) has been created for anopheles arabiensis (patton) (diptera: culicidae), one of the major african malaria vectors, for use in controlling wild populations of this species via the sterile insect technique (sit). this gss strain, "ano ipcl1," allows sex separation by a translocation linking a dieldrin resistance allele and the y chromosome. differences between ano ipcl1 relative to wild strains might reflect its field performance and therefore are of concern. ... | 2012 | 23025185 |
| the effect of deltamethrin-treated net fencing around cattle enclosures on outdoor-biting mosquitoes in kumasi, ghana. | classic vector control strategies target mosquitoes indoors as the main transmitters of malaria are indoor-biting and -resting mosquitoes. however, the intensive use of insecticide-treated bed-nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying have put selective pressure on mosquitoes to adapt in order to obtain human blood meals. thus, early-evening and outdoor vector activity is becoming an increasing concern. this study assessed the effect of a deltamethrin-treated net (100 mg/m(2)) attached to a one-m ... | 2012 | 23029245 |
| malaria risk mapping for control in the republic of sudan. | evidence shows that malaria risk maps are rarely tailored to address national control program ambitions. here, we generate a malaria risk map adapted for malaria control in sudan. community plasmodium falciparum parasite rate (pfpr) data from 2000 to 2010 were assembled and were standardized to 2-10 years of age (pfpr(2-10)). space-time bayesian geostatistical methods were used to generate a map of malaria risk for 2010. surfaces of aridity, urbanization, irrigation schemes, and refugee camps we ... | 2012 | 23033400 |
| perceived malaria in the population of an urban setting: a skipped reality in dakar, senegal. | urban malaria remains a public health problem. dakar is located in a low endemic area. however, anti-malarial drugs consumption is reported to be high despite the decline of malaria announced by health authorities. the objective of the present study was to assess the burden of reported malaria attacks (rmas) in 2008 and to describe care-seeking behaviours in the population of dakar, senegal. | 2012 | 23043538 |
| diet and density dependent competition affect larval performance and oviposition site selection in the mosquito species aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | oviposition-site choice is an essential component of the life history of all mosquito species. according to the oviposition-preference offspring-performance (p-p) hypothesis, if optimizing offspring performance and fitness ensures high overall reproductive fitness for a given species, the female should accurately assess details of the heterogeneous environment and lay her eggs preferentially in sites with conditions more suitable to offspring. | 2012 | 23044004 |
| insecticide resistance monitoring of field-collected anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from jinja, eastern uganda, identifies high levels of pyrethroid resistance. | insecticide resistance in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) threatens insecticide-based control efforts, necessitating regular monitoring. we assessed resistance in field-collected an. gambiae s.l. from jinja, uganda using world health organization (who) bioassays. only an. gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis (≈70%) were present. female an. gambiae exhibited extremely high pyrethroid resistance (permethrin lt50 > 2 h; deltamethrin lt50 > 5 h). female an. arabiensis were ... | 2012 | 23046446 |
| additional selection for insecticide resistance in urban malaria vectors: ddt resistance in anopheles arabiensis from bobo-dioulasso, burkina faso. | in the city of bobo-dioulasso in burkina faso, anopheles arabiensis has superseded anopheles gambiae s.s. as the major malaria vector and the larvae are found in highly polluted habitats normally considered unsuitable for anopheles mosquitoes. here we show that an. gambiae s.l. adults emerging from a highly polluted site in the city centre (dioulassoba) have a high prevalence of ddt resistance (percentage mortality after exposure to diagnostic dose=65.8% in the dry season and 70.4% in the rainy ... | 2012 | 23049917 |
| transmission attributes of periurban malaria in lusaka, zambia, precedent to the integrated vector management strategy: an entomological input. | globalization and urbanization with their inherent developmental activities and ecological transformations impact on malaria epidemiology. entomological factors involved in malaria transmission in periurban lusaka were assessed prior to vector control reintroduction. data was collected through standard entomological and epidemiological protocols and a pretested structured questionnaire. larval habitats were characterized as transient (43%), semipermanent (36%), and permanent (21%). anopheles ara ... | 2012 | 23056060 |
| estimation of malaria transmission intensity in sennar state, central sudan. | understanding the behaviour of malaria vectors is crucial for planning mosquito control programmes. the aim of this study was to estimate the malaria transmission intensity in 2 different ecological zones in a highly endemic malaria area of sennar state in central sudan over the main transmission period. species confirmation by pcr indicated that anopheles arabiensis was the only malaria vector in the study area, with high anthropophilic behaviour (84.9% human-feeding). elisa studies showed plas ... | 2012 | 23057388 |
| insecticide susceptibility of aedes aegypti populations from senegal and cape verde archipelago. | two concomitant dengue 3 (den-3) epidemics occurred in cape verde archipelago and senegal between september and october 2009. aedes aegypti was identified as the vector of these epidemics as several den-3 virus strains were isolated from this species in both countries. the susceptibility to pyrethroids, organochlorine, organophosphates and carbamate was investigated in two field strains of aedes aegypti from both countries using who diagnostic bioassay kits in order to monitor their the current ... | 2012 | 23088621 |
| simulation of malaria epidemiology and control in the highlands of western kenya. | models of plasmodium falciparum malaria epidemiology that provide realistic quantitative predictions of likely epidemiological outcomes of existing vector control strategies have the potential to assist in planning for the control and elimination of malaria. this work investigates the applicability of mathematical modelling of malaria transmission dynamics in rachuonyo south, a district with low, unstable transmission in the highlands of western kenya. | 2012 | 23107070 |
| multicentre studies of insecticide-treated durable wall lining in africa and south-east asia: entomological efficacy and household acceptability during one year of field use. | indoor residual spraying (irs) is a primary method of malaria vector control, but its potential impact is constrained by several inherent limitations: spraying must be repeated when insecticide residues decay, householders can tire of the annual imposition and campaign costs are recurrent. durable lining (dl) can be considered an advanced form of long-lasting irs where insecticide is gradually released from an aesthetically attractive wall lining material to provide vector control for several ye ... | 2012 | 23107112 |
| factors contributing to urban malaria transmission in sub-saharan africa: a systematic review. | sub-saharan africa suffers by far the greatest malaria burden worldwide and is currently undergoing a profound demographic change, with a growing proportion of its population moving to urban areas. urbanisation is generally expected to reduce malaria transmission; however the disease still persists in african cities, in some cases at higher levels than in nearby rural areas. objective. this paper aims to collate and analyse risk factors for urban malaria transmission throughout sub-saharan afric ... | 2012 | 23125863 |