Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| quantification of invasion of two strains of steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) into three lepidopteran larvae. | studies with last instar larvae of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel), and the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) were used to quantify the invasive ability of two strains (all and mexican) of steinernema carpocapsae and to determine how factors in the bioassay procedure affect both nematode invasion and host mortality. nematode invasive ability was variable, with 10-50% of nematodes successfully infecting the host. the p ... | 1993 | 19279755 |
| natural occurrence of entomogenous nematodes in tennessee nursery soils. | to isolate potential insect biocontrol agents, entomogenous nematodes were surveyed in tennessee plant nurseries in 1991. soil samples from 113 nursery sites were baited with greater wax moth (galleria mellonella) larvae, house cricket (acheta domesticus) adults, lesser mealworm (alphitobius diaperings) adults, and house fly (musca domestica) larvae. heterorhabditis bacteriophora and steinernema carpocapsae were each recovered from 17 soil samples. heterorhabditis bacteriophora was more common i ... | 1993 | 19279756 |
| interactions between nematodes and earthworms: enhanced dispersal of steinernema carpocapsae. | dispersal of the nematode steinernema carpocapsae (all strain), applied on the top or the bottom of soil columns, was tested in the presence or absence of two earthworm species, lumbricus terrestris or aporrectodea trapezoides. nematode dispersal was estimated after a 2-week period with a bioassay against the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. vertical dispersal of nematodes was increased in the presence of earthworms. when nematodes were placed on the surface of soil columns, significantly ... | 1993 | 19279757 |
| simple in vivo production and storage methods for steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles. | methods are described for standardized in vivo production, rapid harvest, and storage, in a concentrated form, of infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema carpocapsae mexican strain kapow selection. nematodes were stored in nematode wool configurations, consisting of mats of intertwined infective juveniles. freshly harvested nematodes are readily available in adequate quantities for laboratory and small-scale field evaluations as well as cottage industry production. | 1993 | 19279758 |
| survey of heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae (rhabditida, nematoda) in western canada. | a survey was done in the summer months along the alaska highway, in other parts of british columbia, in northern alberta, and in the yukon territory for steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes occurring in the top 10 cm of soil. steinernema feltiae and steinernema spp. were found at 18 and heterorhabditis megidis at 7 sites of 125 sampled. most nematodes were found where visible insect infestation occurred and where human influence on the habitat was substantial (e.g., agricultural, foreste ... | 1993 | 19279830 |
| effects of temperature and dietary lipids on phospholipid fatty acids and membrane fluidity in steinernema carpocapsae. | the phospholipid composition of steinernema carpocapsae was studied in relation to diet and culture temperature. when reared at 18 and 27.5 c on galleria mellonella or on an artificial diet supplemented with lard, linseed oil, or fish oil as lipid sources, nematode phospholipids contained an abundance of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, with eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n - 3)) predominant, regardless of the fatty acid composition of the diet. because the level of linolenic acid (18:3(n - 3 ... | 1994 | 19279893 |
| granular formulations of steinernema carpocapsae (strain all) (nematoda: rhabditida) with improved shelf life. | shelf life (nematode survival) of steinernema carpocapsae (strain all) nematodes at 21 c in "pesta" granules, made by a pasta-like process, was increased from 8 to 26 weeks by incorporating low concentrations of formaldehyde. pesta samples containing an average of 427,000 nematodes/g were prepared with wheat flour (semolina or bread flour), kaolin, bentonite, peat moss, nematode slurry, and formaldehyde (0-1.4% w/w) and were dried to a water content of 23.6-26.9%. nematodes emerged from pesta (s ... | 1994 | 19279903 |
| effects of eight brighteners as solar radiation protectants for steinernema carpocapsae, all strain. | seven commercially available blankophor fluorescent brighteners were compared with the standard tinopal lpw as solar radiation protectants for steinernema carpocapsae (all strain). blankophor bbh and tinopal lpw were the most successful uv screens, with 95% of the original nematode infectivity to larvae of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, retained after 4 hours of exposure to direct sunlight. the blankophor hrs and dml preserved 80 and 85% infectivity, and the p167 preserved 70% infect ... | 1994 | 19279965 |
| comparison of assays for the determination of entomogenous nematode infectivity. | injection, contact, and soil assays were used to compare infectivity of heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain hp88 and steinernema carpocapsae strain all to final instar galleria mellonella larvae. under comparable assay conditions, h. bacteriophora produced less galleria mortality and showed greater within-assay variability in infectivity than s. carpocapsae. injection of individual s. carpocapsae or h. bacteriophora infective juveniles into galleria indicated that a comparatively greater percen ... | 1992 | 19282995 |
| life cycle and reproductive potential of the nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain hp88. | development of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain hp88 was studied in vivo with larvae of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, as host and in vitro. at 25 c in vivo, the duration of the life cycle from egg hatch to egg hatch was 96 hours. juvenile development took 48 hours, with the duration of each juvenile stage ranging from 8 to 12 hours. under crowded conditions, development proceeded to the infective juvenile (ij) stage instead of the third juvenile sta ... | 1992 | 19283008 |
| impact of a nematode-parasitic fungus on the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes. | the impact of the nematode-parasitic fungus hirsutella rhossiliensis on the effectiveness of steinernema carpocapsae, s. glaseri, and heterorhabditis bacteriophora against galleria mellonella larvae was assessed in the laboratory. the presence of hirsutella conidia on the third-stage (j3) cuticle of s. carpocapsae and h. bacteriophora interfered with infection of insect larvae. conidia on the j3 cuticle of s. glaseri and on the ensheathing second-stage cuticle of h. bacteriophora did not reduce ... | 1992 | 19283194 |
| heterorhabditid behavior in the presence of the cabbage maggot, delia radicum, and its host plants. | the behavior of heterorhabditis zealandica poinar strain t327 was investigated in the presence of the cabbage maggot, delia radicum l., and plants that are susceptible to d. radicum infestation. newly formed puparia and freeze-killed third instar larvae were attractive to infective nematodes. newly harvested infective nematodes did not respond to the puparia, whereas 1-month-old and 2-month-old nematodes reached the insect targets within 15 minutes. there were no significant differences in the a ... | 1992 | 19283195 |
| comparison of three methods for estimating the number of entomopathogenic nematodes present in soil samples. | numbers of steinernema sp. (cb2b) and s. carpocapsae (agriotos) exponentially declined after application into a clay loam soil. over a 35-day sampling period, steinernema sp. (cb2b) was more persistent than s. carpocapsae (agriotos). the presence or absence of the second-stage cuticle on the third-stage juveniles (j3) at the time of application did not alter the rate of population decline of steinernema sp. (cb2b). nearly all j3 of steinernema sp. (cb2b) and s. carpocapsae (agriotos) lost their ... | 1992 | 19283219 |
| influence of soil ph and oxygen on persistence of steinernema spp. | survival of infective juveniles of steinernema carpocapsae and steinernema glaseri gradually declined during 16 weeks of observation as the tested soil ph decreased from ph 8 to ph 4. survival of both species of steinernema dropped sharply after 1 week at ph 10. survival or s. carpocapsae and s. glaseri was similar at ph 4, 6, and 8 during the first 4 weeks, but s. carpocapsae survival was significantly greater than s. glaseri at ph 10 through 16 weeks. steinernema carpocapsae and s. glaseri tha ... | 1990 | 19287743 |
| escape of steinernema feltiae from alginate capsules containing tomato seeds. | the entomogenous nematode steinernema feltiae was encapsulated in an alginate matrix containing a tomato seed. when these capsules were placed on 0.8% agar for 7 days, the seed germinated and ca. 20% of the nematodes escaped from the capsules, whereas only 0.1% escaped from capsules without seeds. when capsules containing nematodes and a seed were planted into sterilized or nonsterilized soil, nematodes escaped to infect galleria mellonella larvae. when seed in capsules containing ca. 274 nemato ... | 1987 | 19290145 |
| heterorhabditis sp. (nematoda: heterorhabditidae): a nematode parasite isolated from the banded cucumber beetle diabrotica balteata. | a nematode identified as heterorhabditis sp. was discovered in june 1982 in larval cadavers of the banded cucumber beetle, diabrotica balteata, in soil on wooded land. effective beetle control (over 95%) was obtained when larvae were exposed to potted soil containing infective stage nematode juveniles or infected larval cadavers. the nematode was propagated in vivo on larvae of d. balteata, diaphania nitidalis (the pickleworm), and galleria mellonella (the greater wax moth). this heterorhabditis ... | 1985 | 19294074 |
| growth and virulence of steinernema glaseri influenced by different subspecies of xenorhabdus nematophilus. | three xenorhabdus nematophilus subspecies influenced steinernema glaseri growth profiles and growth rates, but this was not necessarily because of different bacterial growth rates. virulence of dauer nematodes in larval galleria mellonella varied with the number of dauers retaining bacteria and the bacterial subspecies. virulence was least for dauers grown on x. nematophilus subsp. bovienii because of the lack of retained bacteria. virulence was subsequently restored by culturing these nematodes ... | 1985 | 19294127 |
| steinernema feltiae (dd-136) and s. glaseri: persistence in soil and bark compost and their influence on native nematodes. | infective juveniles (j3) of the entomogenous nematodes steinernema feltiae dd-136 (ca. 10,000 j3/100 ml) and s. glaseri (ca. 2,500 j3/100 ml) were incubated in steam-sterilized and nonsterilized sandy soil and bark compost for 8 weeks at 25 c. the nematodes were recovered by a two-step extraction procedure at 1-week intervals, and their infectivity to lepidopterous larvae (spodoptera litura and galleria mellonella) and their effect on the population and community of native nematodes in soil were ... | 1986 | 19294183 |
| biology, life cycle and redescription of, neoaplectana bibionis bovien, 1937 (nematoda: steinernematidae). | a greater knowledge of the morphology and the development of the infective third larval stage of neoaplectana bibionis bovien, 1937, a parasite of arthropods, makes it possible to recognise the second larval stage and present a description of all the developmental stages in the life cycle of the species. four larval stages can be recognised. l1 hatches from the egg. in a suitable host, when the population density is low, it develops directly into l4. when the population density is high, it devel ... | 1980 | 19300673 |
| dispersal and infectivity of the entomogenous nematode, neoaplectana carpocapsae weiser (rhabditida: steinernematidae), in sand. | laboratory tests determined the lateral and vertical dispersal patterns of neoaplectana carpocapsae in sand. in the vertical tests, placement of infective juveniles 15 cm below the sand's surface resulted in the majority (77%) being recovered above the point of placement after 48 h. placement of the nematodes on the sand's surface resulted in the majority (90.4%) remaining within 1 cm of the sand's surface. placement of nematodes at depths of 2.5 cm and 5.0 cm below the sand's surface also resul ... | 1981 | 19300766 |
| influence of cell density and phase variants of bacterial symbionts (xenorhabdus spp.) on dauer juvenile recovery and development of biocontrol nematodes steinernema carpocapsae and s. feltiae (nematoda: rhabditida). | the rhabditid nematodes steinernema carpocapsae and steinernema feltiae are used in biological control of insect pests. mass production is done in liquid culture media pre-incubated with their bacterial symbionts xenorhabdus nematophila and xenorhabdus bovienii, respectively, before nematode dauer juveniles (djs) are inoculated. as a response to food signals produced by the bacterial symbionts, the djs exit from the developmentally arrested dauer stage (they recover development) and grow to adul ... | 2009 | 19319521 |
| spite and virulence in the bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa. | social interactions within populations of pathogenic microbes may play an important role in determining disease virulence. one such ubiquitous interaction is the production of anticompetitor toxins; an example of a spiteful behavior, because it results in direct fitness costs to both the actor and recipient. following from predictions made by mathematical models, we carried out experiments using the bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa to test under what social conditions toxin (bacteriocin) product ... | 2009 | 19321425 |
| galleria mellonella as a model system to study acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis and therapeutics. | nonmammalian model systems of infection such as galleria mellonella (caterpillars of the greater wax moth) have significant logistical and ethical advantages over mammalian models. in this study, we utilize g. mellonella caterpillars to study host-pathogen interactions with the gram-negative organism acinetobacter baumannii and determine the utility of this infection model to study antibacterial efficacy. after infecting g. mellonella caterpillars with a reference a. baumannii strain, we observe ... | 2009 | 19332683 |
| galleria mellonella as an alternative infection model for yersinia pseudotuberculosis. | we report that larvae of the wax moth (galleria mellonella) are susceptible to infection with the human enteropathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis at 37 degrees c. confocal microscopy demonstrated that in the initial stages of infection the bacteria were taken up into haemocytes. to evaluate the utility of this model for screening y. pseudotuberculosis mutants we constructed and tested a superoxide dismutase c (sodc) mutant. this mutant showed increased susceptibility to superoxide, a key mechan ... | 2009 | 19383703 |
| hemolin expression in the silk glands of galleria mellonella in response to bacterial challenge and prior to cell disintegration. | hemolin, a member of the immunoglobulin protein superfamily, functions in lepidoptera as an opsonin in defence against potential pathogens and seems to play a role in tissue morphogenesis. we show that hemolin gene is expressed in several organs of galleria mellonella larvae, including the nervous system and the silk glands. the expression in the silk glands of the wandering larvae and their isolated abdomens is enhanced within 6h after an injection of bacteria, lipopolysaccharides, or peptidogl ... | 2009 | 19414015 |
| juvenile hormone binding protein traffic -- interaction with atp synthase and lipid transfer proteins. | juvenile hormone (jh) controls insect development, metamorphosis and reproduction. in insect hemolymph a significant proportion of jh is bound to juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp), which serves as a carrier supplying the hormone to the target tissues. to shed some light on jhbp passage within insect tissues, the interaction of this carrier with other proteins from galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) was investigated. our studies revealed the presence of jhbp within the tracheal epithelium an ... | 2009 | 19426705 |
| ace, which encodes an adhesin in enterococcus faecalis, is regulated by ers and is involved in virulence. | enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that causes numerous infectious diseases in humans and is a major agent of nosocomial infections. in this work, we showed that the recently identified transcriptional regulator ers (prfa like), known to be involved in the cellular metabolism and the virulence of e. faecalis, acts as a repressor of ace, which encodes a collagen-binding protein. we characterized the promoter region of ace, and transcriptional analysis by reverse transcription-quan ... | 2009 | 19433548 |
| gut bacteria are not required for the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis toward the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. | it was recently proposed that gut bacteria are required for the insecticidal activity of the bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticide, dipel, toward the lepidopterans manduca sexta, pieris rapae, vanessa cardui, and lymantria dispar. using a similar methodology, it was found that gut bacteria were not required for the toxicity of dipel or cry1ac or for the synergism of an otherwise sublethal concentration of cry1ac toward m. sexta. the toxicities of dipel and of b. thuringiensis hd73 cry(-) spor ... | 2009 | 19525273 |
| identification of specific and universal virulence factors in burkholderia cenocepacia strains by using multiple infection hosts. | over the past few decades, strains of the burkholderia cepacia complex have emerged as important pathogens for patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. identification of virulence factors and assessment of the pathogenic potential of burkholderia strains have increased the need for appropriate infection models. in previous studies, different infection hosts, including mammals, nematodes, insects, and plants, have been used. at present, however, the extent to which the virulence factors required ... | 2009 | 19528212 |
| mixed infection of galleria mellonella with two entomopathogenic nematode (nematoda: rhabditida) species: steinernema affine benefits from the presence of steinernema kraussei. | the interactions of two sympatric entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema affine and steinernema. kraussei were studied in a series of laboratory experiments. single species, simultaneous and sequential infections of galleria mellonella were performed in eppendorf tubes and the invasion rate, nematode progeny production and the number of hosts producing nematode progeny were observed. the invasion rate of s. affine was not affected by the mixed infection whereas the invasion of the latter species ... | 2009 | 19531365 |
| astemizole and an analogue promote fungicidal activity of fluconazole against cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and cryptococcus gattii. | cryptococcus neoformans is the leading cause of fungal meningitis, a life-threatening infection that occurs predominately in immuocompromised patients. current drug therapies are limited to amphotericin b, flucytosine and the azoles since the echinocandins have no demonstrated activity against yeast like pathogens. fluconazole, a drug belonging to the azole class and often the only available antifungal in the developing world, is fungistatic and therefore not effective in clearing cryptococcal i ... | 2010 | 19572230 |
| the (p)ppgpp synthetase rela contributes to stress adaptation and virulence in enterococcus faecalis v583. | guanosine penta- and tetraphosphate [(p)ppgpp] are two unusual nucleotides implied in the bacterial stringent response. in many pathogenic bacteria, mutants unable to synthesize these molecules lose their virulence. in gram-positive bacteria such as enterococcus faecalis, the synthesis and degradation of (p)ppgpp mainly depend on the activity of a bifunctional enzyme, encoded by the rela gene. by analysing deltarela and deltarelq (which encodes a protein harbouring a ppgpp synthetase activity) d ... | 2009 | 19608607 |
| spores as infectious propagules of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii are closely related pathogenic fungi that cause pneumonia and meningitis in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts and are a significant global infectious disease risk. both species are found in the environment and are acquired via inhalation, leading to an initial pulmonary infection. the infectious propagule is unknown but is hypothesized to be small desiccated yeast cells or spores produced by sexual reproduction (opposite- or same-sex ... | 2009 | 19620339 |
| identification of collagen iv derived danger/alarm signals in insect immunity by nanolc-fticr ms. | the immune system can be stimulated by microbial molecules as well as by endogenously derived danger/alarm signals of host origin. using the lepidopteran model insect galleria mellonella, we recently discovered that fragments of collagen iv, resulting from hydrolysis by microbial metalloproteinases, represent danger/alarm signals in insects. here, we characterized immune-stimulatory peptides generated by thermolysin-mediated degradation of collagen iv using nanospray ionization fourier transform ... | 2009 | 19663685 |
| ecological characterization of entomopathogenic nematodes isolated in stone fruit orchard soils of mediterranean areas. | entomopathogenic nematodes in the families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae were isolated from stone-fruit orchards in two mediterranean regions of spain. a total of 630 soil samples (210 sites) from catalonia and 90 soil samples (30 sites) from murcia were evaluated resulting in 5.2% and 20% of the soils testing positive for nematodes, respectively. ten steinernematid isolates and three heterorhabditid isolates were recovered using the galleria mellonella baiting method. based on morphome ... | 2009 | 19679134 |
| host resistance reverses the outcome of competition between microparasites. | predators and parasites can control the abundance or biomass of herbivores with indirect effects on producer communities and ecosystems, but the interplay of multiple natural enemies may yield unexpected dynamics. we experimentally examined interactions between two microparasites (entomopathogenic nematodes) isolated from sandy grassland soils of coastal california: heterorhabditis marelatus (heterorhabditidae) and steinernema feltiae (steinernematidae). heterorhabditis marelatus drives trophic ... | 2009 | 19694121 |
| virulence of enterococcus faecalis dairy strains in an insect model: the role of fsrb and gele. | despite the existence of various virulence factors in the enterococcus genus, enterococcal virulence is still a debated issue. a main consideration is the detection of the same virulence genes in strains isolated from nosocomial or community-acquired infections, and from food products. the goal of this study was to evaluate the roles of two well-characterized enterococcal virulence factors, fsr and gelatinase, in the potential virulence of enterococcus faecalis food strains. virulence of unrelat ... | 2009 | 19696101 |
| phase variation has a role in burkholderia ambifaria niche adaptation. | members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc), such as b. ambifaria, are effective biocontrol strains, for instance, as plant growth-promoting bacteria; however, bcc isolates can also cause severe respiratory infections in people suffering from cystic fibrosis (cf). no distinction is known between isolates from environmental and human origins, suggesting that the natural environment is a potential source of infectious bcc species. while investigating the presence and role of phase variation ... | 2010 | 19710710 |
| the dlt operon of bacillus cereus is required for resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and for virulence in insects. | the dlt operon encodes proteins that alanylate teichoic acids, the major components of cell walls of gram-positive bacteria. this generates a net positive charge on bacterial cell walls, repulsing positively charged molecules and conferring resistance to animal and human cationic antimicrobial peptides (amps) in gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. amps damage the bacterial membrane and are the most effective components of the humoral immune response against bacteria. we investigated the role of t ... | 2009 | 19767427 |
| a peptidomics study reveals the impressive antimicrobial peptide arsenal of the wax moth galleria mellonella. | the complete antimicrobial peptide repertoire of galleria mellonella was investigated for the first time by lc/ms. combining data from separate trypsin, glu-c and asp-n digests of immune hemolymph allowed detection of 18 known or putative g. mellonella antimicrobial peptides or proteins, namely lysozyme, moricin-like peptides (5), cecropins (2), gloverin, gm proline-rich peptide 1, gm proline-rich peptide 2, gm anionic peptide 1 (p1-like), gm anionic peptide 2, galiomicin, gallerimycin, inducibl ... | 2009 | 19786100 |
| comparative analysis of the virulence of invertebrate and mammalian pathogenic bacteria in the oral insect infection model galleria mellonella. | infection of galleria mellonella by feeding a mixture of bacillus thuringiensis spores or vegetative bacteria in association with the toxin cry1c results in high levels of larval mortality. under these conditions the toxin or bacteria have minimal effects on the larva when inoculated separately. in order to evaluate whether g. mellonella can function as an oral infection model for human and entomo-bacterial pathogens, we tested strains of bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, enterococcus faecali ... | 2010 | 19800349 |
| examination of xenorhabdus nematophila lipases in pathogenic and mutualistic host interactions reveals a role for xlpa in nematode progeny production. | xenorhabdus nematophila is a gammaproteobacterium and broad-host-range insect pathogen. it is also a symbiont of steinernema carpocapsae, the nematode vector that transports the bacterium between insect hosts. x. nematophila produces several secreted enzymes, including hemolysins, lipases, and proteases, which are thought to contribute to virulence or nutrient acquisition for the bacterium and its nematode host in vivo. x. nematophila has two lipase activities with distinct in vitro specificitie ... | 2010 | 19880652 |
| organization and evolutionary trajectory of the mating type (mat) locus in dermatophyte and dimorphic fungal pathogens. | sexual reproduction in fungi is governed by a specialized genomic region, the mating type (mat) locus, whose gene identity, organization, and complexity are diverse. we identified the mat locus of five dermatophyte fungal pathogens (microsporum gypseum, microsporum canis, trichophyton equinum, trichophyton rubrum, and trichophyton tonsurans) and a dimorphic fungus, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and performed phylogenetic analyses. the identified mat locus idiomorphs of m. gypseum control cell t ... | 2010 | 19880755 |
| galleria mellonella as a model system for studying listeria pathogenesis. | essential aspects of the innate immune response to microbial infection are conserved between insects and mammals. this has generated interest in using insects as model organisms to study host-microbe interactions. we used the greater wax moth galleria mellonella, which can be reared at 37 degrees c, as a model host for examining the virulence potential of listeria spp. here we report that galleria is an excellent surrogate model of listerial septic infection, capable of clearly distinguishing be ... | 2010 | 19897755 |
| dose-dependent cellular and humoral responses in galleria mellonella larvae following beta-glucan inoculation. | galleria mellonella larvae were inoculated with different doses of beta-glucan by injection into the haemocoel. those larvae that had received high doses of beta-glucan (15, 30 or 60microg/larva) demonstrated increased survival following infection with the yeast candida albicans. high concentrations of glucan induced an increase in haemocyte density and a reduction in yeast proliferation within the haemocoel. proteomic analysis of glucan-treated larvae revealed increased expression of a variety ... | 2010 | 19925881 |
| inactivation of burkholderia cepacia complex phage ks9 gp41 identifies the phage repressor and generates lytic virions. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is made up of at least 17 species of gram-negative opportunistic bacterial pathogens that cause fatal infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. ks9 (vb_bcens_ks9), one of a number of temperate phages isolated from bcc species, is a prophage of burkholderia pyrrocinia lmg 21824. transmission electron micrographs indicate that ks9 belongs to the family siphoviridae and exhibits the b1 morphotype. the 39,896-bp ks9 genome, ... | 2010 | 19939932 |
| septins enforce morphogenetic events during sexual reproduction and contribute to virulence of cryptococcus neoformans. | septins are conserved, cytoskeletal gtpases that contribute to cytokinesis, exocytosis, cell surface organization and vesicle fusion by mechanisms that are poorly understood. roles of septins in morphogenesis and virulence of a human pathogen and basidiomycetous yeast cryptococcus neoformans were investigated. in contrast to a well-established paradigm in s. cerevisiae, cdc3 and cdc12 septin homologues are dispensable for growth in c. neoformans yeast cells at 24 degrees c but are essential at 3 ... | 2010 | 19943902 |
| comparative genomics and transduction potential of enterococcus faecalis temperate bacteriophages. | to determine the relative importance of temperate bacteriophage in the horizontal gene transfer of fitness and virulence determinants of enterococcus faecalis, a panel of 47 bacteremia isolates were treated with the inducing agents mitomycin c, norfloxacin, and uv radiation. thirty-four phages were purified from culture supernatants and discriminated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and restriction mapping. from these analyses the genomes of eight representative phages were pyrosequ ... | 2010 | 20008075 |
| genome-wide analysis of dna repeats in burkholderia cenocepacia j2315 identifies a novel adhesin-like gene unique to epidemic-associated strains of the et-12 lineage. | members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are respiratory pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). close repetitive dna sequences often associate with surface antigens to promote genetic variability in pathogenic bacteria. the genome of burkholderia cenocepacia j2315, a cf isolate belonging to the epidemic lineage edinburgh-toronto (et-12), was analysed for the presence of close repetitive dna sequences. among the 422 dna close repeats, 45 genes potentially involved in virulence ... | 2010 | 20019083 |
| does scavenging extend the host range of entomopathogenic nematodes (nematoda: steinernematidae)? | living and freeze-killed natural and laboratory hosts, with different susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes, were exposed to the larvae of steinernema affine and steinernema kraussei in two different experimental arenas (eppendorf tubes, petri dishes), and the success of the colonisation and eventual progeny production were observed. both nematodes were able to colonise both living and dead larvae of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) and adult blatella germanica (blattodea) even though th ... | 2010 | 20085768 |
| functional analysis of four processing products from multiple precursors encoded by a lebocin-related gene from manduca sexta. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are a crucial component of the natural immune system in insects. five types of amps have been identified in the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta, including attacin, cecropin, moricin, gloverin, and lebocin. here we report the isolation of lebocin-related cdna clones and antibacterial activity of their processed protein products. the 17 cdna sequences are composed of a constant 5' end and a variable 3' region containing 3-16 copies of an 81-nucleotide repeat. the seque ... | 2010 | 20096726 |
| insect infection model for campylobacter jejuni reveals that o-methyl phosphoramidate has insecticidal activity. | galleria mellonella (wax moth) larvae have elsewhere been shown to be susceptible to pathogens such as francisella tularensis, burkholderia mallei, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. we report that the larvae are rapidly killed by campylobacter jejuni at 37c. three strains of c. jejuni tested, 11168h (human diarrheal isolate), g1 (human guillain-barré syndrome isolate), and 81-176 (human diarrheal isolate), were equally effective at killing g. mellonella larvae. a panel of defined mutants of c. jejuni ... | 2010 | 20113177 |
| identification of an abundant allergen from the sheep louse, bovicola ovis. | infestation of sheep with the louse bovicola ovis is common worldwide and leads to an allergic dermatitis referred to as 'scatter cockle'. ige from an infested lamb was used in immunoaffinity chromatography to purify allergens from crude preparations of whole b. ovis and its faeces. sds-page of the affinity-purified eluates from both preparations showed a dominant band with m(r) of 28.5 kda. spleen cells from a mouse immunised with b. ovis faecal antigens were used to produce hybridomas which we ... | 2010 | 20123101 |
| eicosanoids mediate hemolymph oxidative and antioxidative response in larvae of galleria mellonella l. | antioxidant enzymes play a major role in the defense against pro-oxidative effects of xenobiotics and pro-oxidant plant allelochemicals in insects. we posed the hypothesis that eicosanoids also mediate antioxidant enzymatic defense reactions to pro-oxidant challenge. to test this idea, we reared first-instar larvae of galleria mellonella (l.) with the lypoxygenase inhibitor, esculetin (0.001%), the phospholipase a(2) inhibitor, dexamethasone (0.001%) and the dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and ... | 2010 | 20138233 |
| kairomonal response of the parasitoid, bracon hebetor say, to the male-produced sex pheromone of its host, the greater waxmoth, galleria mellonella (l.). | bracon hebetor is a larval ectoparasitoid that utilizes several pests belonging to the family pyralidae (lepidoptera) as hosts. in the present study, we analyzed the kairomonal response of this wasp to the male-produced sex pheromone of a host, the greater wax moth galleria mellonella, an economically important pest of honeybees, apis mellifera. coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (gc-ead) revealed three compounds in headspace collections from male g. mellonella that elici ... | 2010 | 20155500 |
| temperature effect on novel entomopathogenic nematode steinernema siamkayai stock, somsook and reid (n. sp.) and its efficacy against spodoptera litura fabricius (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the efficacy of steinernema siamkayai is a new species that isolate in thailand and the well known previous species are steinernema carpocapsae and steinernema riobrave against 3rd instar larvae of common cutworm, spodoptera litura, and last instar larvae of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella was evaluated under laboratory condition. the optimal temperature for new entomopathogenic nematode, s. siamkayai at 50 and 100 ijs per larvae to penetrate into s. litura and g. mellonella larvae were hi ... | 2009 | 20222622 |
| role of filamentation in galleria mellonella killing by candida albicans. | candida albicans is an important cause of morbidity in hospitalized and immunosuppressed patients. virulence factors of c. albicans include: filamentation, proteinases, adherence proteins and biofilm formation. the objective of this work was to use galleria mellonella as a model to study the roles of c. albicans filamentation in virulence. we focused our study to five genes bcr1, flo8, kem1, suv3 and tec1 that have been shown to play a role in filamentation. filaments are necessary for biofilm f ... | 2010 | 20223293 |
| antibiotic action of an extract of galleria mellonella. | 1947 | 20239738 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20268198 | |
| [generation of reactive oxygen species and activity of antioxidants in larva hemolymph of galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: piralidae) at development of process of encapsulation]. | activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase, and catalase) have been determined in hemocytes and generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) has been studied in lymph of larvae of the wax moth galleria mellonella at development of the process of encapsulation of nylon implants. it has been established that as soon as 15 min after piercing of cuticle with implant the capsule is formed on its surface. the active melanization of the capsule has been shown t ... | 2010 | 20297667 |
| effect of gamma-irradiation on the biology and ultrastructure of haemocytes of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: galleridae). | this study was carried out on fully grown pupae of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella l., gamma-irradiated to 100, 150, 300 and 400gy. the four doses given to male parents in the f(1) generation decreased the average number of eggs per mated female, the percentage of egg hatching and the percentage of mating in both the male and female lines; the effects increased with the dose. dose dependence of the reduction in the fecundity and the percentage of egg hatching among the female line pairings ... | 2010 | 20363640 |
| activation of insect phenoloxidase after injury: endogenous versus foreign elicitors. | the enzyme phenoloxidase (po) is one of the first immune molecules that was identified in invertebrates. recently, the immune function of po has been challenged. we tested how po is activated following injury in 2 insects, i.e. the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster and the wax moth galleria mellonella. rapid po activation in drosophila was limited to discrete areas of the hemolymph clot which forms after injury. surprisingly, unlike systemic po activation during bacterial sepsis, clot melanizati ... | 2009 | 20375588 |
| suitability of different lepidopteran host species for development of bracon hebetor (hymenoptera: braconidae). | bracon hebetor say (hymenoptera: braconidae) is a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of several species of lepidoptera that are associated with stored products. the suitability of 12 potential lepidopteran host species representing four families was studied in this study for the development and reproduction of b. hebetor. the lepidoptera species used were the indianmeal moth, plodia interpunctella (hübner), mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella (zeller), almond moth, e. cautella (walker), ... | 2010 | 20388274 |
| biochemical study and in vitro insect immune suppression by a trypsin-like secreted protease from the nematode steinernema carpocapsae. | a trypsin-like serine protease was purified by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography from the excretory-secretory products of parasitic phase steinernema carpocapsae. the purified protease exhibited a molecular mass of about 29 kda by sds-page and displayed a pi of 6.3. this protease exhibited high activity with trypsin-specific substrate n-ben-phe-val-arg-p-nitroanilide and was highly sensitive to aprotinin and benzamidine. the purified trypsin protease digested the chromogenic subst ... | 2010 | 20398179 |
| [characterization of proteo-, chitino- and lipolytic enzymes of parasitic fungus conidiobolus coronatus]. | the largest problem in limitation of insect pest population is increasing resistance of them to chemical pesticides. alternative are entomopathogens, which regulate frequency of insect pests. among them decisive role play entomopathogenic fungi, which possess the ability to active penetration through cuticle by mechanical pressure of invasive hypha and production of proteo-, chitino- (egzo- and endochitinases) as well as lipolytic enzymes, which provide nutrients for subsequent development of fu ... | 2010 | 20450015 |
| a pathogenic parasite interferes with phagocytosis of insect immunocompetent cells. | phagocytosis activity of hemocytes of the host galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) was modulated by the infection of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae (rahbditida) and was found to be correlated with the opsonization of bacteria by hemolymph factors. the presence of nematodes resulted in a significative decrease in phagocytosis of bacteria by host hemocytes, both in in vivo and in in vitro assays. host interacting proteins (hips), which appear to function as opsonic factors and are ... | 2010 | 20457179 |
| photorhabdus adhesion modification protein (pam) binds extracellular polysaccharide and alters bacterial attachment. | photorhabdus are gram-negative nematode-symbiotic and insect-pathogenic bacteria. the species photorhabdus asymbiotica is able to infect humans as well as insects. we investigated the secreted proteome of a clinical isolate of p. asymbiotica at different temperatures in order to identify proteins relevant to the infection of the two different hosts. | 2010 | 20462430 |
| [comparison of the results of research of hemolymph immunized and nonimmunized of larvae of galleria mellonella]. | this work deals with the antibacterial activity of larvae of galleria mellonella. protein fractions with antibacterial activity have been purified from hemolymph by ion-exchange chromatography and gel-electrophoresis. the mass-spectrometric analysis of fractions showed the presence of a peptide of 5627 da. probably, this peptide determines the antibacterial activity of hemolymph. | 2014 | 20469719 |
| an insect multiligand recognition protein functions as an opsonin for the phagocytosis of microorganisms. | we characterize a novel pathogen recognition protein obtained from the lepidopteran galleria mellonella. this protein recognizes escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, and candida albicans via specific binding to lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acid, and beta-1,3-glucan, respectively. as a multiligand receptor capable of coping with a broad variety of invading pathogens, it is constitutively produced in the fat body, midgut, and integument but not in the hemocytes and is secreted into the hemol ... | 2010 | 20519517 |
| two novel point mutations in clinical staphylococcus aureus reduce linezolid susceptibility and switch on the stringent response to promote persistent infection. | staphylococcus aureus frequently invades the human bloodstream, leading to life threatening bacteremia and often secondary foci of infection. failure of antibiotic therapy to eradicate infection is frequently described; in some cases associated with altered s. aureus antimicrobial resistance or the small colony variant (scv) phenotype. newer antimicrobials, such as linezolid, remain the last available therapy for some patients with multi-resistant s. aureus infections. using comparative and func ... | 2010 | 20548948 |
| a different repertoire of galleria mellonella antimicrobial peptides in larvae challenged with bacteria and fungi. | to date, functioning of insect humoral immune response is especially well described in diptera. the mechanisms of pathogen recognition, activation of signaling pathways and regulation of antimicrobial defense peptide expression are relatively well known. the present paper demonstrates evidence that the immune system of the lepidoptera moth, galleria mellonella, is also able to distinguish between different classes of microorganisms and responds to the invading pathogen accordingly. g. mellonella ... | 2010 | 20558200 |
| role of methionine sulfoxide reductases a and b of enterococcus faecalis in oxidative stress and virulence. | methionine sulfoxide reductases a and b are antioxidant repair enzymes that reduce the s- and r-diastereomers of methionine sulfoxides back to methionine, respectively. enterococcus faecalis, an important nosocomial pathogen, has one msra gene and one msrb gene situated in different parts of the chromosome. promoters have been mapped and mutants have been constructed in two e. faecalis strains (strains jh2-2 and v583) and characterized. for both backgrounds, the mutants are more sensitive than t ... | 2010 | 20566694 |
| the role of iron uptake in pathogenicity and symbiosis in photorhabdus luminescens tt01. | photorhabdus are gram negative bacteria that are pathogenic to insect larvae whilst also having a mutualistic interaction with nematodes from the family heterorhabditis. iron is an essential nutrient and bacteria have different mechanisms for obtaining both the ferrous (fe2+) and ferric (fe3+) forms of this metal from their environments. in this study we were interested in analyzing the role of fe3+ and fe2+ iron uptake systems in the ability of photorhabdus to interact with its invertebrate hos ... | 2010 | 20569430 |
| zinc and silver glass polyalkenoate cements: an evaluation of their antibacterial nature. | a biofilm is an accumulation of micro-organisms and their extracellular products forming a structured community on a surface. biofilm formation on medical devices has severe health consequences as bacteria growing in this lifestyle are tolerant to both host defence mechanisms and antibiotic therapies. however, silver and zinc ions inhibit the attachment and proliferation of immature biofilms. the objective of this study is to evaluate whether silver and zinc ions eluted from novel glass polyalke ... | 2010 | 20592447 |
| insect-toxic secreted proteins and virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. | fungal virulence has been mostly associated with cuticle-degrading enzymes that can be regulated depending on nutrient conditions. however, few studies have related fungal virulence to insect-toxic secreted proteins. here, we describe how the presence of secreted toxic proteins may be linked to conidial virulence, which can be affected by nutrient factors. in this study we evaluated: (1) the virulence of the conidia of four beauveria bassiana strains (eabb 01/103-su, eabb 01/12-su, eabb 01/88-su ... | 2010 | 20674578 |
| screening of in vivo activated genes in enterococcus faecalis during insect and mouse infections and growth in urine. | enterococcus faecalis is part of the commensal microbiota of humans and its main habitat is the gastrointestinal tract. although harmless in healthy individuals, e. faecalis has emerged as a major cause of nosocomial infections. in order to better understand the transformation of a harmless commensal into a life-threatening pathogen, we developed a recombination-based in vivoexpression technology for e. faecalis. two r-ivet systems with different levels of sensitivity have been constructed in a ... | 2010 | 20686694 |
| molecular pathogenesis of listeria monocytogenes in the alternative model host galleria mellonella. | larvae of galleria mellonella, the greater wax moth, provide an alternative infection model for many human pathogens as they are amenable to use at elevated incubation temperatures (37 °c). this study and a parallel study by mukherjee et al. [mukherjee, k., altincicek, b., hain, t., domann, e., vilcinskas, a. & chakraborty, t. (2010). appl environ microbiol 76, 310-317] establish this insect host as an appropriate model to investigate the pathogenesis of listeria species. in this study we ... | 2010 | 20688820 |
| [study of peptide content of antibacterial fractions by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry]. | the fractions containing antimicrobic peptides have been purified from a haemolymph of caterpillars galleria mellonella by chromatographic methods and studied by mass spectrometry. | 2010 | 20695218 |
| structure of penaeus stylirostris densovirus, a shrimp pathogen. | penaeus stylirostris densovirus (pstdnv), a pathogen of penaeid shrimp, causes significant damage to farmed and wild shrimp populations. in contrast to other parvoviruses, pstdnv probably has only one type of capsid protein that lacks the phospholipase a2 activity that has been implicated as a requirement during parvoviral host cell infection. the structure of recombinant virus-like particles, composed of 60 copies of the 37.5-kda coat protein, the smallest parvoviral capsid protein reported thu ... | 2010 | 20702621 |
| proteolytic enzyme production by strains of the insect pathogen xenorhabdus and characterization of an early-log-phase-secreted protease as a potential virulence factor. | as a comparison to a similar study on photorhabdus strains, 15 xenorhabdus bacterial strains and secondary phenotypic variants of two strains were screened for proteolytic activity by five detection methods. although the number and intensity of proteolytic activities were different, every strain was positive for proteolytic activity by several tests. zymography following native page detected two groups of activities with different substrate affinities and a higher and lower electrophoretic mobil ... | 2010 | 20802071 |
| the effect of tween 80 on eggshell permeabilization in galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera, pyralidae). | the development of a species-specific protocol for dechorionation and permeabilization of insect eggs is a necessary prerequisite to cryopreserve the embryos. here we tested different procedures based on heptane or the surfactant tween 80 as an alternative to alkane, evaluating their efficacy and toxicity on the early (24 h post-oviposition) and late (75 h post-oviposition) stage embryos. heptane efficiently permeabilized the eggs of g. mellonella but the hatching rate ranged from 0.1 to 4.2 per ... | 2015 | 20818457 |
| virulence in an insect model differs between mating types in aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that has recently been found to undergo sexual reproduction. previous work suggested that invasiveness differs between mating types, and in the present study we tested whether virulence differs between mating types in an in vivo model, i.e., larvae of the wax moth galleria mellonella. we measured virulence of 20 a. fumigatus isolates; three mat1-1 isolates of environmental origin, five mat1-1 isolates of clinical origin, seven mat1-2 isol ... | 2011 | 20818921 |
| characterization of kunitz-type protease inhibitor purified from hemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae. | we characterized a kunitz-type protease inhibitor (gm ktpi) obtained from the hemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae immunized with escherichia coli. the structural analysis of the cloned cdna showed that it consists of 56 residues derived from the precursor of 75 amino acids. the peptide was constitutively produced in the fat bodies, but not in the midgut nor the integument of larvae. in our analysis of stage-dependent expression, its transcript was detected within the midgut, the fat bodies a ... | 2010 | 20826210 |
| dietary choices by four captive slender lorises (loris tardigradus) when presented with various insect life stages. | the slender loris (loris tardigradus) is a rare, nocturnal prosimian found only in the tropical rainforest of southern india and sri lanka. little is known about their diet, though it is assumed that insects comprise a majority of their wild diet. based on this assumption, captive lorises are offered a variety of insects or insect life stages; the species of insect or the life stage is often determined by what is easiest to buy or rear. captive lorises at the duke lemur center (dlc) were offered ... | 2015 | 20872876 |
| comparison of the regulation, metabolic functions, and roles in virulence of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase homologues gapa and gapb in staphylococcus aureus. | the gram-positive bacterium staphylococcus aureus contains two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) homologues known as gapa and gapb. gapa has been characterized as a functional gapdh protein, but currently there is no biological evidence for the role of gapb in metabolism in s. aureus. in this study we show through a number of complementary methods that s. aureus gapa is essential for glycolysis while gapb is essential in gluconeogenesis. these proteins are reciprocally regulated i ... | 2010 | 20876289 |
| galleria mellonella are resistant to pneumocystis murina infection. | studying pneumocystis has proven to be a challenge from the perspective of propagating a significant amount of the pathogen in a facile manner. the study of several fungal pathogens has been aided by the use of invertebrate model hosts. our efforts to infect the invertebrate larvae galleria mellonella with pneumocystis proved futile since p. murina neither caused disease nor was able to proliferate within g. mellonella. it did, however, show that the pathogen could be rapidly cleared from the ho ... | 2011 | 20922567 |
| caspofungin primes the immune response of the larvae of galleria mellonella and induces a non-specific antimicrobial response. | the echinocandins (e.g. caspofungin) function by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-β-glucan in the fungal cell wall. while the potent antifungal activity of caspofungin has been well characterized in mammals, this study investigated the in vivo antifungal effect of caspofungin using larvae of the insect galleria mellonella. caspofungin was successful in increasing the survival of larvae that were inoculated with candida albicans 1 h before the drug was administered, particularly when a conc ... | 2010 | 20947665 |
| pathogenicity of aspergillus fumigatus mutants assessed in galleria mellonella matches that in mice. | aspergillus fumigatus is a clinically important fungus with the ability to cause invasive aspergillosis with high mortality rates in immunocompromised patients and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompetent individuals. virulence of mutants has traditionally been assessed using mammalian hosts such as mice and rats and more recently the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, demonstrated the potential to act as an in vivo host suitable for screening aspergillus mutants. in this study using ... | 2010 | 20950221 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains from cystic fibrosis patients: genomic variability and molecular characterization of some virulence determinants. | the genetic relatedness of 52 stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains, collected from various environmental and clinical sources, including cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, as well as the presence and the expression of some virulence-associated genes were studied. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis identified 47 profiles and three clusters of isolates with an identical pfge pattern considered to be indistinguishable strains. restriction fragment length polymorphism of the gyrb gene grou ... | 2010 | 20952251 |
| involvement of apolipophorin iii in antibacterial defense of galleria mellonella larvae. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is an abundant hemolymph protein involved in lipid transport and immune response in insects. we investigated involvement of apolp-iii in the antibacterial response in galleria mellonella larvae. immune challenge with gram-negative (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae) and gram-positive (micrococcus luteus) bacteria led to an increase in the level of apolp-iii in g. mellonella hemolymph, 0.5-2h and 8h after treatment, respectively. apolp-iii purified from larval ... | 2010 | 20959145 |
| effect of insect cadaver desiccation and soil water potential during rehydration on entomopathogenic nematode (rhabditida: steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) production and virulence. | we examined the influence of insect cadaver desiccation on the virulence and production of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns), common natural enemies of many soil-dwelling insects. epns are often used in biological control, and we investigated the feasibility of applying epns within desiccated insect cadavers. desiccation studies were conducted using the factitious host, galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae, wax moth larvae) and three epn species (heterorhabditis bacteriophora 'hb1', stein ... | 2011 | 21047513 |
| high-throughput insertion mutagenesis and functional screening in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. | the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana displays a broad insect host range and serves as a model for examining host-pathogen interactions. rapid construction and screening of random-insertion mutants of b. bassiana provides a powerful tool to dissect the molecular mechanisms of fungal virulence. liac/dmso treated b. bassiana blastospores were found to be highly competent to transformation using linear dna and a polyethylene glycol-based method. selection on cellophane-layered czapek-dox a ... | 2010 | 21059351 |
| aspergillus fumigatus acum regulates both iron acquisition and gluconeogenesis. | relatively few transcription factors that govern the virulence of aspergillus fumigatus are known. we constructed 11 a. fumigatus transcription factor mutants and screened them for altered virulence in galleria mellonella larvae. we discovered that the zinc cluster transcription factor, acum, is essential for maximal virulence in this model, as well as in murine models of haematogenously disseminated and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. transcriptional profiling experiments suggested that acum ... | 2010 | 21062375 |
| study of peptide fractions from hemolymph of galleria mellonella. | changes in the peptide composition of hemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae induced by their immunization have been studied, and some new peptides have been found. the composition of fractions exhibiting antibacterial activity was investigated. known antibacterial peptides have been found in the hemolymph of control larvae and those immunized with bacteria. | 2010 | 21077837 |
| myogenic nature of insect heartbeat and intestinal peristalsis, revealed by neuromuscular paralysis caused by the sting of a braconid wasp. | larvae of the greater waxmoth (galleria mellonella) become paralysed by the venom of the braconid wasp (habrobracon hebetor) a few minutes after intoxication. the profound neuromuscular paralysis, which may last for several weeks, includes all somatic muscles that are innervated through neuromuscular transmission. the peristaltic contractions of the heart and intestine, which are regulated by the depolarisation potentials of the myocardium or intestinal epithelial muscles, remain unaffected and ... | 2010 | 21093450 |
| virulence of an emerging respiratory pathogen, genus pandoraea, in vivo and its interactions with lung epithelial cells. | pandoraea species have emerged as opportunistic pathogens among cystic fibrosis (cf) and non-cf patients. pandoraea pulmonicola is the predominant pandoraea species among irish cf patients. the objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity and potential mechanisms of virulence of irish p. pulmonicola isolates and strains from other pandoraea species. three patients from whom the p. pulmonicola isolates were isolated have since died. the in vivo virulence of these and other pandora ... | 2010 | 21127160 |
| sequenced dermatophyte strains: growth rate, conidiation, drug susceptibilities, and virulence in an invertebrate model. | although dermatophytes are the most common cause of fungal infections in the world, their basic biology is not well understood. the recent sequencing and annotation of the genomes of five representative dermatophyte species allows for the creation of hypotheses as to how they cause disease and have adapted to their distinct environments. an understanding of the microbiology of these strains will be essential for testing these hypotheses. this study is the first to generally characterize these fi ... | 2010 | 21145410 |
| clpb, a class iii heat-shock gene regulated by ctsr, is involved in thermotolerance and virulence of enterococcus faecalis. | here, we transcriptionally and phenotypically characterized the clpb gene from enterococcus faecalis. northern blot analysis identified a monocistronic mrna strongly induced at 48 and 50 °c. in silico analysis identified that the clpb gene encodes a protein of 868 aa with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 98 kda, presenting two conserved atp-binding domains. sequence analysis also identified a ctsr-binding box upstream of the putative -10 sequence, and inactivation of the ctsr gene res ... | 2010 | 21148206 |
| susceptibility of north-american and european crickets to acheta domesticus densovirus (addnv) and associated epizootics. | the european house cricket, acheta domesticus l., is highly susceptible to a. domesticus densovirus (addnv). commercial rearings of crickets in europe are frequently decimated by this pathogen. mortality was predominant in the last larval stage and young adults. infected a. domesticus were smaller, less active, did not jump as high, and the adult females seldom lived more than 10-14 days. the most obvious pathological change was the completely empty digestive caecae. infected tissues included ad ... | 2010 | 21167171 |
| methods for using galleria mellonella as a model host to study fungal pathogenesis. | the facile inoculum delivery and handling of the insect galleria mellonella make it a desirable model for the study of fungal pathogenesis. here we present methods to study fungal virulence, filamentation and fungal cell associates with insect hemocytes using candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans to illustrate the use of this model. the two types of fungi cause distinct infections thus we compare and contrast the infection characteristics observed in g. mellonella. the protocols presented ... | 2010 | 21178491 |