Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a further note on the use of synthetic insecticides in the control of cattle tick. (boophilus microplus canestrini): some preliminary observations with "497". | 1950 | 14772186 | |
| experimental immunisation of crossbred cattle with glycoproteins isolated from the larvae of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus. | in india, control of tick infestations is a major problem facing the owners of highly productive crossbred cattle. to develop suitable immunoprotective measures against the multitick infestations, specific problem encountered by the indian farmers, an attempt has been made to identify candidate protein molecules in the larvae of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus. employing two steps affinity chromatography method, glycoproteins of 34 and 29 kda were isolated from h. a. anato ... | 2003 | 14974694 |
| help, a heme-transporting lipoprotein with an antioxidant role. | plasma lipoproteins involved in lipid transport are target for free radical-evoked pathological conditions in several mammalian models. the main hemolymphatic protein of boophilus microplus is a heme-binding lipoprotein (help, for heme lipoprotein) that carries dietary heme produced from degradation of vertebrate hemoglobin to tissues of the tick. addition of heme to phospholipid liposomes resulted in intense lipid peroxidation, which was inhibited by addition of help. help prevented lysis of re ... | 2004 | 14976984 |
| detection of ehrlichial dna in haemaphysalis ticks recovered from dogs in japan that is closely related to a novel ehrlichia sp. found in cattle ticks from tibet, thailand, and africa. | tick dna samples from dogs in japan were examined for ehrlichia infection by 16s rrna gene-based pcr and sequencing. three positive samples were detected from haemaphysalis ticks, and higher levels of similarity (98.46 to 99.06%) were found to recently detected ehrlichia spp. from cattle ticks in tibet, thailand, and africa. | 2004 | 15004117 |
| infection rate of babesia spp. sporokinetes in engorged boophilus microplus from an area of enzootic stability in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | the infection rates of babesia sporokinetes in engorged boophilus microplus were evaluated during a 2-year period in a dairy farm located in an area of enzootic stability. every 14 days engorged females were collected from calves and from adult animals. ticks were incubated at 27 +/- 0.5 degree c and 80-90% relative humidity and babesia infection rates were determined by microscopic examination of giemsa-stained hemolymph smears. after 52 collections, 2105 ticks were obtained, from which 982 wer ... | 2004 | 15049079 |
| ehrlichia ruminantium grows in cell lines from four ixodid tick genera. | continuous cell lines from the ticks amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, boophilus microplus, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, ixodes scapularis, ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus were tested for ability to support growth of the rickettsial pathogen ehrlichia (previously cowdria) ruminantium. five e.ruminantium isolates, from west africa, south africa and the french west indies, were used. twelve tick cell lines were inoculated with e.ruminantium derived either from culture ... | 2004 | 15053931 |
| detection and characterization of amitraz resistance in the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | amitraz, a formamidine acaricide, plays an important role in the control of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), and other tick species that infest cattle, dogs, and wild animals. although resistance to amitraz in b. microplus was previously reported in several countries, the actual measurement of the level of amitraz resistance in ticks has been difficult to determine due to the lack of a proper bioassay technique. we conducted a survey, by using a newly reported techniqu ... | 2004 | 15061278 |
| proteolytic activity of boophilus microplus yolk pro-cathepsin d (byc) is coincident with cortical acidification during embryogenesis. | in a previous report (parasitology 116 (1998) 525) we isolated and characterized boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin (byc), an aspartic proteinase precursor from the eggs of the hard tick. the present study was designed to characterize the function of byc in the consumption of vitellin (vt), the major yolk protein, during embryogenesis. both purified byc and total egg homogenate proteolytic activity showed a similar ph dependence profile with an acidic optimum. purified byc presented higher activity ag ... | 2004 | 15110865 |
| displacement of boophilus decoloratus by boophilus microplus in the soutpansberg region, limpopo province, south africa. | boophilus ticks (n = 25,987) were collected from cattle at 30 communal dip tanks and five commercial farms in the soutpansberg region, limpopo province, south africa, between may 1999 and december 2001. only 6.6% were boophilus decoloratus, while 93.4% were boophilus microplus, a tick that had not been reported from this area previously. b. microplus was the most common boophilus tick on communal dip tank cattle, while b. decoloratus was more commonly found on commercial farms. where the two spe ... | 2004 | 15139085 |
| production and biochemical characterization of the recombinant boophilus microplus bm95 antigen from pichia pastoris. | the new antigen bm95 from the cattle tick boophilus microplus was recently isolated, cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. the recombinant protein has shown to induce protection in cattle against infestations of b. microplus under controlled and production conditions. in this paper we report the production and large-scale purification of the bm95 protein, following a simple and cost-effective process. the antigen was obtained highly aggregated, forming particles rangi ... | 2004 | 15139278 |
| application of representational difference analysis to identify sequence tags expressed by metarhizium anisopliae during the infection process of the tick boophilus microplus cuticle. | metarhizium anisopliae is a well-characterized biocontrol agent of a wide range of plagues, including insects and acari. to identify genes involved in the infection process, representational difference analysis was performed using cdna generated from germinated conidia of m. anisopliae in the tick boophilus microplus cuticle, and cdna generated during fungal growth in glucose-rich medium. sequence determination of approximately 135 clones and comparison analysis using public databases led to the ... | 2004 | 15142621 |
| cloning, expression and partial characterization of a haemaphysalis longicornis and a rhipicephalus appendiculatus glutathione s-transferase. | the ticks haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus appendiculatus are important parasites worldwide. the current method for control of cattle ticks involves the use of chemicals. nevertheless, parasite resistance is an ever increasing global problem. glutathione s-transferases (gsts) play a central role in detoxication of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. several authors have noted that an increase in gst activity is associated with resistance to insecticides and acaricides. in the present ... | 2004 | 15157234 |
| a comparison of the immunosuppressive effects of salivary gland extracts from two laboratory strains of boophilus microplus. | this study addresses three questions related to the immune response of cattle to tick salivary gland extracts. firstly, is there a difference in the inhibition of proliferation of concanavalin a (cona) stimulated bovine lymphocytes induced by salivary gland extracts of the n and y strains of boophilus microplus? second, is there a difference in the development rate of the y and n tick strains? third, does the host affect the inhibitory effect of salivary gland extract on the proliferation of con ... | 2004 | 15157766 |
| [relative frequency of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in bovines (bos taurus and b. indicus) in 8 ecological zones of costa rica]. | the research on the relative abundancy of boophilus microplus took place in ten farms, distributed in eight ecological zones (ez) and two rainfall systems of costa rica. monthly visits were made to pick up ticks larger than 4 mm from the right side of the animals. the total number of ticks was increased by two and divided between the total of sampled bovines per farm. farm visits were adjusted to animals bath to allow the recovery of the tick population. b. microplus was detected in all sampled ... | 2003 | 15162736 |
| anti-tick effects of melinis minutiflora and andropogon gayanus grasses on plots experimentally infested with boophilus microplus larvae. | our objective in this trial was to investigate the anti-tick effects of molasses grass (melinis minutiflora) and gamba grass (andropogon gayanus) against boophilus microplus, using buffel grass (cenchrus ciliaris) as a control. during a 3-year-period fieldwork was carried out in the tropical, subhumid climate at progreso, municipality of jiutepec, morelos, mexico. experimental plots were established for three treatments with six replicates under a random factorial design in order to evaluate eac ... | 2004 | 15176734 |
| a sero-epidemiological survey of blood parasites in cattle in the north-eastern free state, south africa. | a survey to determine the incidence of parasites in cattle (n = 386) was conducted in the north eastern free state between august 1999 and july 2000. giemsa-stained blood smears were negative for blood parasites. a total of 94% of the cattle were sero-positive for babesia bigemina by indirect fluorescent antibody test while 87% were sero-positive for anaplasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the observation of negative blood smears but high incidence of positive serological results for ana ... | 2004 | 15185577 |
| identification of a third boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) cdna presumptively encoding an acetylcholinesterase. | oligodeoxynucleotide primers, based on amino acid sequences conserved in known acetylcholinesterases (aches), were used in reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with mrna from boophilus microplus (canestrini) as the template. primer walking and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) techniques were used to complete the cdna sequence identified by rt-pcr. the complete b. microplus cdna sequence contained an open reading frame encoding a 620 amino acid protein with a 20 amino a ... | 2004 | 15185924 |
| therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single application of doramectin applied either as a pour-on or injection to cattle infested with boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the efficacy of a single treatment with a pour-on application or a subcutaneous injection of the macrocyclic lactone endectocide, doramectin, was evaluated in separate trials on hereford heifers infested with boophilus microplus (canestrini). significantly fewer ticks per calf were recovered from both groups of treated animals than from the complimentary untreated calves. the mean weights of engorged females and egg masses from both pour-on-treated and injectable-treated calves were also signifi ... | 2004 | 15185941 |
| control of an organophosphate-resistant strain of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) infested on cattle after a series of dips in coumaphos applied at different treatment intervals. | efficacy of multiple dip treatments (one to three) at 0.3% active ingredient (ai) coumpahos applied at 7- or 10-d intervals was determined against organophosphate (op)-resistant boophilus microplus (canestrini). none of the treatments totally prevented repletion of all females. in the 7 d after one treatment, the percentage of reduction of female ticks was 24.8%, whereas in the 10 d after one treatment, the reduction of female numbers was 47.1%. application of two or three dips at either interva ... | 2004 | 15185959 |
| introduction of nonindigenous arthropod pests of animals. | a variety of pathways exist for the introduction of nonindigenous insects, ticks, and mites of veterinary importance into the united states. the most prominent includes the natural migration of mosquitoes and flies by the flight of adults, ectoparasites entering the country on wildlife transport hosts, and accidental introductions on animals legally imported through united states department of agriculture (usda) quarantine facilities. examples of the establishment and subsequent eradication of e ... | 2000 | 15218899 |
| entomopathogenic potential of metarhizium anisopliae isolated from engorged females and tested in eggs and larvae of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vitro virulence of three isolates of metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae to eggs and larvae of the tick boophilus microplus. the fungus tested was isolated from engorged females of b. microplus collected in the field, and identified as ma01, ma02 e ma04. these isolates were evaluated by immersion of eggs and larvae in suspension with different conidial concentrations: 10(5), 10(6), 10(7) e 10(8) conidia/ml. in each isolate there was a treatment ... | 2004 | 15266598 |
| effect of invertebrate serine proteinase inhibitors on carrageenan-induced pleural exudation and bradykinin release. | the carrageenan model of pleurisy is described as temporal plasma exudation (1-5 h) with extensive neutrophil infiltration and release of proteinases into the pleural cavity. the aim of this work was to study the effects of serine proteinase inhibitors on the inflammatory process induced by administration of carrageenan to the rat pleural cavity and on release of kinins in pleural exudate. pleurisy was induced by injecting carrageenan and serine proteinase inhibitors simultaneously into the pleu ... | 2004 | 15313437 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of help, a heme lipoprotein from the hemolymph of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | the main protein present in the hemelymph of the cattle tick boophilus microplus is a lipoprotein able to bind heme (help). it has an apparent molecular weight of 354 000 da and is composed of two polypeptide chains found in stoichiometric amounts. it contains 33% lipids. the protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of 1,6-hexanediol as a precipitant. x-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.1 a resolution using a synchrotron-radiation source. the ... | 2004 | 15333941 |
| abstracts of the fourth international symposium on molecular insect science. may 28-june 2, 2002. tucson, arizona, usa. | 2002 | 15455051 | |
| molecular vaccines against parasites. | prophylactic vaccines can be expected to be one of the major practical outputs of parasitology research. various groups within australia have pursued the vaccine objective for several years, with particular emphasis on blood-stage falciparum malaria in man, intestinal helminths of sheep and cattle, cutaneous myiasis (blowfly strike) in sheep, cysticercosis in sheep and cattle, bovine babesiosis, and cattle ticks. other vaccine programmes are concerned with giardiasis, filariasis, toxoplasmosis, ... | 1986 | 15462818 |
| host resistance in cattle tick control. | cattle ticks are an important constraint on the livestock industry, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, mainly because of the diseases they transmit and the costs of control. conventional control is by means of acaricides; although there are still serious drawbacks, these can be minimized by a strategic approach. in this review julio de castro and robin newson look at alternatives. one is to make use of the host's innate abilities. in the simplest situation, where no control measures ... | 1993 | 15463656 |
| genes transcribed in the salivary glands of female rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks infected with theileria parva. | we describe the generation of an auto-annotated index of genes that are expressed in the salivary glands of four-day fed female adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. a total of 9162 est sequences were derived from an uninfected tick cdna library and 9844 ests were from a cdna library from ticks infected with theileria parva, which develop in type iii salivary gland acini. there were no major differences between abundantly expressed ests from the two cdna libraries, although there was evidenc ... | 2004 | 15475305 |
| factors that influence the prevalence of acaricide resistance and tick-borne diseases. | this manuscript provides a summary of the results presented at a symposium organized to accumulate information on factors that influence the prevalence of acaricide resistance and tick-borne diseases. this symposium was part of the 19th international conference of the world association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (waavp), held in new orleans, la, usa, during august 10-14, 2003. populations of southern cattle ticks, boophilus microplus, from mexico have developed resistance to ... | 2004 | 15476966 |
| steinernema glaseri santa rosa strain (rhabditida: steinernematidae) and heterorhabditis bacteriophora cca strain (rhabditida: heterorhabditidae) as biological control agents of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the present study was carried out to evaluate the action of steinernema glaseri santa rosa strain and heterorhabditis bacteriophora cca strain as biological control agents of boophilus microplus. engorged females ticks were distributed on petri dishes containing different concentrations of infective juvenile (ij) nematodes (0, 375, 500, 750, 1,500, 2,500, 5,000 and 25,000). the data showed a reduction of approximately 90% in the eggs laid at a concentration of 5,000 s. glaseri ijs and approximat ... | 2004 | 15480784 |
| babesia bigemina sexual stages are induced in vitro and are specifically recognized by antibodies in the midgut of infected boophilus microplus ticks. | babesia bigemina, a causative agent of bovine babesiosis, is transmitted from one bovine to another only by infected ticks. the life cycle of b. bigemina includes a sexual phase in the tick host; however, molecules from sexual stages of any babesia species have not been characterized. this is the first report of the induction of sexual stages of any babesia species in vitro, free of tick antigens. intraerythrocytic parasites were cultured in vitro for 20h using an induction medium. extraerythroc ... | 2004 | 15491585 |
| protective efficacy of antigens solubilized from gut membranes of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | triton x-100, sds, n-octyl glucoside, and conditions of alkaline ph and high and low ionic strength, were used to solubilize membranes prepared from the mid-gut of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. hereford cattle (bos taurus) were immunized with soluble membrane antigens in saponin, and then challenged twice with 20,000 tick larvae, 7 days apart. all soluble extracts, except that extracted with high ionic strength buffer, provided significant protection (56-78%) (p < 0.05) to immunized cattl ... | 1989 | 15493278 |
| a thrombin inhibitor from the ixodid tick, amblyomma hebraeum. | a novel thrombin inhibitor named amblin was identified from the haemolymph of the ixodid (hard) tick, amblyomma hebraeum, and the coding cdna was isolated from a tick cdna library. this cdna codes for a preprotein of 166 amino acids, including a predicted signal peptide composed of 15 amino acids n-terminal to the mature amblin. the 151-amino-acid mature amblin contains 14 cysteines and two kunitz-like domains. it displays high sequence similarity with a tissue factor pathway inhibitor (tfpi), i ... | 2004 | 15527983 |
| the cattle tick antigen, bm95, expressed in pichia pastoris contains short chains of n- and o-glycans. | bm95 is an antigen isolated from boophilus microplus strains with low susceptibility to antibodies developed in cattle vaccinated with the recombinant bm86 antigen (gavac, heberbiotec s.a., cuba). it is a bm86-like surface protein, which by similarity contains seven egf-like domains and a lipid-binding gpi-anchor site at the c-terminal region. the primary structure of the recombinant (rbm95) protein expressed in pichia pastoris was completely verified by lc/ms. the four potential glycosylation s ... | 2004 | 15542059 |
| boophilus microplus tick larvae, a rich source of kunitz type serine proteinase inhibitors. | serine proteinase inhibitors from boophilus microplus tick larvae (bmtis) were purified by affinity chromatography on a trypsin-sepharose column. bmtis presented molecular weight between m(r) 6200 and 18,400 and inhibitory activity for trypsin, hupk (human plasma kallikrein) and neutrophil elastase. using ion exchange chromatography, bmtis were separated in several protein pools named bmti-a to bmti-f and bmti-1 to bmti-7. all bmti forms presented inhibitory activity for trypsin with apparent di ... | 2004 | 15556274 |
| immunization effect of recombinant p27/30 protein expressed in escherichia coli against the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae) in rabbits. | we investigated the induction of resistance to haemaphysalis longicornis infestation in rabbits that had been immunized with recombinant h. longicornis p27/30 protein. the success of immunological control methods is dependent upon the use of potential key antigens as tick vaccine candidates. previously, we cloned a gene encoding 27 kda and 30 kda proteins (p27/30) of h. longicornis, and identified p27/30 as a troponin i-like protein. in this study, rabbits that were immunized with recombinant p2 ... | 2004 | 15591837 |
| detection of anaplasma marginale dna in larvae of boophilus microplus ticks by polymerase chain reaction. | boophilus microplus larvae from two different sources were used for the detection of anaplasma marginale dna: larvae a, which were collected from a pasture of an endemic farm, and larvae b, which originated from engorged female ticks fed on calves with no clinical signs of disease and with low rickettsemia (approximately 0.01 to 1.0%). larvae a were collected monthly, from january to may in 2001. two hundred engorged female ticks fed on calves that provided larvae b were divided into groups of 1 ... | 2004 | 15604475 |
| babesia bigemina: sporozoite isolation from boophilus microplus nymphs and initial immunomolecular characterization. | it has been hypothesized that babesial sporozoites express specific antigens that induce protective immunologic responses in cattle. however, they remain uncharacterized, partly for lack of research on the sporozoite stage of babesia spp. this field suffers from complete knowledge of parasite development in the tick salivary gland; limited amounts of sporozoites from ticks, and a lack of protocols for induction and purification of sporozoites. in this work, boophilus microplus larvae infected wi ... | 2004 | 15604497 |
| gene discovery in boophilus microplus, the cattle tick: the transcriptomes of ovaries, salivary glands, and hemocytes. | the quest for new control strategies for ticks can profit from high throughput genomics. in order to identify genes that are involved in oogenesis and development, in defense, and in hematophagy, the transcriptomes of ovaries, hemocytes, and salivary glands from rapidly ingurgitating females, and of salivary glands from males of boophilus microplus were pcr amplified, and the expressed sequence tags (est) of random clones were mass sequenced. so far, more than 1,344 est have been generated for t ... | 2004 | 15604500 |
| field challenge of cattle vaccinated with a combined babesia bovis and babesia bigemina frozen immunogen. | to determine the optimal dose of a combined, frozen immunogen containing in vitro culture-derived strains of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina, twenty-four 14-month-old bos taurus steers from a boophilus microplus-free area in northern mexico were used in this experiment. cattle were randomly allocated into six groups with four animals each, and were intramuscularly inoculated as follows: group 1 (control animals) were administered with normal bovine erythrocytes; group 2 received 1 x 10(7) b. ... | 2004 | 15604506 |
| protection of dairy cows immunized with tick tissues against natural boophilus microplus infestations in thailand. | boophilus microplus has a major impact on cattle production, and an antitick vaccine would be a valuable tool for control of this important ectoparasite in thailand. previous work has shown that immunization of hosts with different tick tissues has different implications regarding tick feeding and fecundity under experimental conditions. the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of immunization of dairy cattle with b. microplus salivary gland or midgut extracts on natural infestations ... | 2004 | 15604508 |
| immune response to babesia bigemina infection in pregnant cows. | babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle caused by babesia bigemina and babesia bovis and is transmitted by the tick vector boophilus microplus. in this study, we investigate b. bigemina infection regarding the clinical infection, t cell distribution, and cytokine profile during the acute phase of an experimental infection in pregnant cows. | 2004 | 15604509 |
| reduced incidence of babesia bigemina infection in cattle immunized against the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | boophilus microplus is an important vector of bovine disease agents having a major economic impact on cattle production in many tropical and subtropical countries. components of tick saliva that enable ticks to feed may also facilitate establishment of tick-borne pathogens in the vertebrate host. it has been suggested that acquired resistance against molecules in tick saliva could inhibit parasite transmission, and there is increasing evidence to support this hypothesis. the effect of immune res ... | 2004 | 15604511 |
| laboratory evaluation of the compatibility and the synergism between the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana and deltamethrin to resistant strains of boophilus microplus. | beauveria bassiana is one of the most promising agents for use as a bioacaricide to control the cattle tick boophilus microplus, responsible for economic losses and transmission of infectious diseases. with the aim of optimizing the efficacy of chemical products, as well as the use of entomopathogens, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the compatibility and the synergism between this fungus and the drug deltamethrin on a strain of b. microplus that is resistant to this product. | 2004 | 15604512 |
| complete genome sequencing of anaplasma marginale reveals that the surface is skewed to two superfamilies of outer membrane proteins. | the rickettsia anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent tick-borne livestock pathogen worldwide and is a severe constraint to animal health. a. marginale establishes lifelong persistence in infected ruminants and these animals serve as a reservoir for ticks to acquire and transmit the pathogen. within the mammalian host, a. marginale generates antigenic variants by changing a surface coat composed of numerous proteins. by sequencing and annotating the complete 1,197,687-bp genome of the st. mar ... | 2004 | 15618402 |
| pcr-based detection of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in their natural host boophilus microplus and cattle. | pcr and nested-pcr methods were used to assess the frequency of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infection in boophilus microplus engorged females and eggs and in cattle reared in an area with endemic babesiosis. blood and the engorged female ticks were from 27 naturally infested calves and 25 crossbred cows. the frequency of both babesia species was similar in calves and cows (p>0.05). babesia bovis was detected in 23 (85.2%) calves and in 25 (100%) cows and b. bigemina was detected in 25 (92 ... | 2005 | 15619521 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cdnas encoding for boophilus microplus, haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus appendiculatus actins. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the actins from ticks, boophilus microplus, haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus appendiculatus, have been determined. nucleotide sequence analysis showed open reading frames of 1128-nucleotide-long encoding proteins of 376 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 41.82 kda each. comparison between the nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences as well as structural and phylogenetic analyses of these genes confirmed the high si ... | 2004 | 15631908 |
| eprinomectin pour-on for control of boophilus microplus (canestrini) ticks (acari: ixodidae) on cattle. | the efficacy of a commercial pour-on formulation of eprinomectin, a macrocyclic lactone, against experimental infestations of boophilus microplus (canestrini) ticks was evaluated in two trials involving 27 bos taurus calves. the first trial was designed to evaluate the effects of a single treatment at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight against standard size b. microplus females (4.5-8.0 mm long). a significant reduction in tick numbers (p<0.05, wilcoxon test) was observed between treated calves ... | 2004 | 15631909 |
| integrated control of boophilus microplus ticks in cuba based on vaccination with the anti-tick vaccine gavac. | boophilus microplus has developed resistance against a range of chemical acaricides which has stimulated the development of alternative methods such as vaccination against ticks. in cuba, the bm86-based recombinant vaccine gavac has been successfully used in a number of controlled laboratory and field trials in cattle against b. microplus. in this paper, we have evaluated gavac in a large scale field trial wherein 588,573 dairy cattle were vaccinated with the aim to reduce the number of acaricid ... | 2004 | 15651533 |
| the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) leucokinin receptor is a multiligand receptor for the three aedes kinins. | a cdna cloned from aedes aegypti (l.) (aedae) female malpighian tubule (ay596453) encodes a 584 amino acid residue protein (65.2 kda) predicted as a g protein-coupled receptor and orthologue of the drosokinin receptor from drosophila melanogaster and highly similar to the tick boophilus microplus myokinin receptor (af228521). based on the similarity to this aedes sequence, we also propose a correction for the anopheles gambiae protein sequence eaa05450. when expressed in cho-k1 cells, the aedes ... | 2005 | 15663775 |
| proteome analysis of abundantly expressed proteins from unfed larvae of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | protein expression in unfed larvae of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, was characterized using gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry in an effort to assemble a database of proteins produced at this stage of development. soluble and insoluble proteins were extracted and resolved by two-dimensional (2d) gel electrophoresis. twenty abundantly expressed larval proteins were selected for peptide mass mapping and for peptide sequencing by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-fl ... | 2005 | 15681224 |
| assessment of duration of immunity in crossbred cattle immunized with glycoproteins isolated from hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus. | to develop immunoprophylactic measures against multi-tick infestation, two glycoproteins of 34 and 29 kda were isolated from the larvae of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus, respectively, and assessed for their efficacy against experimental challenge infestations. the synergistic effect of the antigens in the presence of incomplete freund's adjuvant was found to confer protection (dt%) in animals against 56.48% of larvae and 52% of adults of h. a. anatolicum, while the effec ... | 2005 | 15700177 |
| analysis of bola class ii microsatellites in cattle infested with boophilus microplus ticks: class ii is probably associated with susceptibility. | the aim of this study was to determine the role of certain bovine lymphocyte antigens (bola) regions in the resistance or susceptibility to boophilus microplus tick infestation in two different breeds of cattle. the breeds were maintained, one in natural conditions and the second one in an experimental setting at the research station in martinez de la torre, veracruz, mexico. the study took place from june to august 2001 (natural infestation) using 33 crossbreed steers (crossbreed is here define ... | 2005 | 15710532 |
| lack of infectivity of a brazilian anaplasma marginale isolate for boophilus microplus ticks. | previous studies have shown that one brazilian anaplasma marginale isolate presents an inclusion appendage (tail), while other isolates do not present such inclusion. studies on tick transmission have been carried out with tailless isolates but little is known about transmission of tailed isolates by boophilus microplus. two splenectomized calves were experimentally inoculated with the tailed a. marginale isolate. during ascending rickettsemia, b. microplus larvae, free from hemoparasites, were ... | 2004 | 15740870 |
| proposal to create subspecies of rickettsia conorii based on multi-locus sequence typing and an emended description of rickettsia conorii. | rickettsiae closely related to the malish strain, the reference rickettsia conorii strain, include indian tick typhus rickettsia (ittr), israeli spotted fever rickettsia (isfr), and astrakhan fever rickettsia (afr). although closely related genotypically, they are distinct serotypically. using multilocus sequence typing (mlst), we have recently found that distinct serotypes may not always represent distinct species within the rickettsia genus. we investigated the possibility of classifying ricke ... | 2005 | 15766388 |
| lack of heme synthesis in a free-living eukaryote. | in most free-living eukaryotes studied thus far, heme is synthesized from a series of intermediates through a well defined evolutionarily conserved pathway. we found that free-living worms, including the model genetic organism caenorhabditis elegans, and parasitic helminths are unable to synthesize heme de novo, even though these animals contain hemoproteins that function in key biological processes. radioisotope, fluorescence labeling, and heme analog studies suggest that c. elegans acquires he ... | 2005 | 15767563 |
| therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single injection treatment of ivermectin and moxidectin against boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) on infested cattle. | the effectiveness of a single treatment with either ivermectin or moxidectin was determined by administering a single subcutaneous injection of each endectocide at 200 microg per kg body weight to cattle infested with all parasitic developmental stages (adults, nymphs, and larvae) of boophilus microplus (canestrini). the percentage reduction in the number of females that reached repletion following treatment (outright kill) was 94.8 and 91.1% for ivermectin and moxidectin, respectively. in addit ... | 2005 | 15777005 |
| ticks (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae, ixodidae) of chile. | the tick species recorded from chile can be listed under the following headings: (1) endemic or established: argas keiransi estrada-peña, venzal and gonzalez-acuña, a. neghmei kohls and hoogstraal; ornithodoros amblus chamberlin; otobius megnini (dugès); amblyomma parvitarsum neumann; a. tigrinum koch; ixodes auritulus neumann; i. chilensis kohls; i. cornuae arthur, i. sigelos keirans, clifford and corwin; i. stilesi neumann; i. uriae white; rhipicephalus sanguineus koch. (2) probably establishe ... | 2005 | 15777007 |
| genome size and organization in the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis and the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | genome sizes and the organization of repetitive dna were determined in the hard ticks ixodes scapularis and boophilus microplus using reassociation kinetics. the i. scapularis genome contains approximately 2.15 pg (2.1x10(3) mbp) of dna and consists of no foldback (fb), 27% highly repetitive (hr), 39% moderately repetitive (mr), and 34% unique dna. the b. microplus genome contains 7.5 pg (7.1x10(3) mbp) dna, and consists of 0.82% fb, 31% hr, 38% mr, and 30% unique dna. in both species, repetitiv ... | 2005 | 15796755 |
| comparison of in vitro and in vivo ectoparasiticide activity of experimental benzimidazole-carbamate with permethrin and amitraz. | a series of in vitro and in vivo bioassays were conducted to assess the ectoparasiticide activity of isopropyl-4-nitro-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-benzimidazole-carbamate, an experimental benzimidazole-carbamate class compound. this compound was less potent than permethrin against ectoparasiticide-susceptible larvae of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae); larvae of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini); and adult stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l. ... | 2005 | 15799532 |
| boophilus microplus: the pattern of bovine immunoglobulin isotype responses to high and low tick infestations. | cattle present variable levels of resistance to ticks and the immune correlates of these heritable phenotypes must be known in order to develop effective vaccines. the antibody responses to tick salivary antigens were examined in cattle of tick-susceptible (holstein) and tick-resistant (nelore) breeds. after heavy infestations, levels of igg1 and igg2 antibodies decreased in holsteins and remained the same in nelores. conversely, levels of ige antibodies increased in holsteins. different sizes o ... | 2005 | 15804374 |
| morphological, histological, and ultrastructural studies of the ovary of the cattle-tick boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae). | this study presents the morphology of the ovary, as well as the dynamics of the vitellogenesis process in oocytes of the cattle-tick boophilus microplus. the ovary of these individuals is of the panoistic type; therefore, it lacks nurse cells. this organ consists of a single tubular structure, continuous, and composed of a lumen delimitated by a wall of small epithelial cells with rounded nuclei. in this tick species, the oocytes were classified into six stages varying from i to vi and according ... | 2005 | 15845286 |
| [isolation of aspartic proteinases at different stages of development of boophilus microplus tick]. | the magnitud of tisular expression of aspartic proteinases at juvenile stages was analyzed in adult young boophilus microplus ticks as well as the effect of one of the most widely used aspartic proteinase inhibitors (pepstatin a) on their development. the isolation and quantification of acid proteolytic activity was performed in samples of parasites with different stages of the digestive process where aspartic-proteinase activity was confirmed and a tendency to increased values of enzymatic acti ... | 2009 | 15846917 |
| the micelle-bound structure of an antimicrobial peptide derived from the alpha-chain of bovine hemoglobin isolated from the tick boophilus microplus. | hemoglobin is known to be a source of peptides involved in several functions. the peptide flsfpttktyfphfdlshgsaqvkghgak (hb33-61) is a proteolytic product of the bovine hemoglobin alpha-chain found in the gut content of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, and it possesses antimicrobial activity. since in the past we showed that the amidated form of hb33-61, hb33-61a, is active against a few gram-positive bacteria and fungi strains at micromolar concentration [fogaca et al. (1999) j. biol. chem ... | 2005 | 15850378 |
| bmigi: a database of cdnas expressed in boophilus microplus, the tropical/southern cattle tick. | we used an expressed sequence tag approach to initiate a study of the genome of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus. a normalized cdna library was synthesized from pooled rna purified from tick larvae which had been subjected to different treatments, including acaricide exposure, heat shock, cold shock, host odor, and infection with babesia bovis. for the acaricide exposure experiments, we used several strains of ticks, which varied in their levels of susceptibility to pyrethroid, orga ... | 2005 | 15857764 |
| boophilus microplus infection by beauveria amorpha and beauveria bassiana: sem analysis and regulation of subtilisin-like proteases and chitinases. | beauveria bassiana is a well-known broad-range arthropod pathogen which has been used in biological control of several pest insects and ticks such as boophilus microplus. beauveria amorpha has both endophytic and entomopathogenic characteristics, but its capacity for biological control has still not been studied. during the processes of host infection, b. bassiana and b. amorpha produce several hydrolytic extracellular enzymes, including proteases and chitinases, which probably degrade the host ... | 2005 | 15886912 |
| carbaryl resistance in mexican strains of the southern cattle tick (acari: ixodidae). | susceptibility to carbaryl in six mexican strains of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), was evaluated with the food and agricultural organization larval packet test. tick strains from the cattle fever tick quarantine zone in texas were more susceptible to carbaryl than to coumaphos or diazinon. compared with the susceptible reference (gonzalez) strain, mexican tick strains demonstrated 10.9-59.5-fold resistance to carbaryl. significant cross-resistance was found between ... | 2005 | 15889748 |
| babesia spp. infection in boophilus microplus engorged females and eggs in sao paulo state, brazil. | babesia spp. infections were investigated in bos taurus x bos indicus dairy cows and calves and in boophilus microplus engorged female ticks and eggs. blood samples and engorged female ticks were collected from 25 cows and 27 calves. babesia spp. was detected in ticks by microscopic examination of hemolymph of engorged female and by squashes of egg samples. cattle infection was investigated in blood thin smears and by dna amplification methods (pcr and nested pcr), using specific primers for bab ... | 2005 | 15893070 |
| diagnosis of amitraz resistance in boophilus microplus in new caledonia with the modified larval packet test. | the tick boophilus microplus represents a serious pathological constraint to livestock production in new caledonia. cattle ticks are controlled by chemical application of two acaricides that are currently used in new caledonia; deltamethrin is used at 46% of the cattle production facilities and amitraz at the remaining 54% premises where resistance to deltamethrin has been identified. in 2003, a modified larval packet test (lpt) was used to conduct a survey for amitraz resistance. ticks were col ... | 2005 | 15908122 |
| a cross-reactive tick cement antigen is a candidate broad-spectrum tick vaccine. | truncated constructs of 64p (64trps), a secreted cement protein from salivary glands of the tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus, provided cross-protection against rhipicephalus sanguineus and ixodes ricinus, apparently by targeting antigens in the midgut and salivary glands of adults and nymphs, causing mortality. tick feeding on 64trp-immunised animals stimulated local inflammatory immune responses (involving basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic-like cells) t ... | 2005 | 15913855 |
| morphological, histological, and ultrastructural characterization of degenerating salivary glands in females of the cattle-tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae). | the present study describes the morphology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands of semi-engorged females of the southern cattle-tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the acini that compose these glands, at that specific feeding stage, show cells featuring degenerative process of the salivary glands, such as: vacuolated cytoplasm, condensed chromatin, fragmented nuclei, and presence of apoptotic bodies. in addition, the presence of microorganisms was detected, with morphology typical of ... | 2005 | 15935304 |
| ticks and tick-borne disease in guatemalan cattle and horses. | blood samples and ticks were collected from 48 cattle and 74 horses from seven sites in the peten region of guatemala. data on body condition, mucous membrane capillary refill time and tick infestation levels were recorded for each animal in the study. horses had significantly higher levels of tick infestation than cattle, as well as poorer body condition scores. seroprevalence of babesia spp. was 95.8% for b. bovis in cattle, 89.6% for b. bigemina in cattle, and 92.7% for b. equi in horses. ser ... | 2005 | 15936147 |
| biological activity and chemical composition of the essential oil from jamaican hyptis verticillata jacq. | the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of hyptis verticillata jacq. was elucidated by a combination of gc and gc-ms analyses. the oil was dominated by the sesquiterpenoids cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one (15.1%) (1) and aromadendr-1(10)-en-9-one (squamulosone) (30.7%) (2). the oil exhibited chemosterilant activities against the cattle tick, boophilus microplus canest., and toxic action against adult cylas formicarius elegantulus summer, the m ... | 2005 | 15941314 |
| transcription analysis of the major antigenic protein 1 multigene family of three in vitro-cultured ehrlichia ruminantium isolates. | ehrlichia ruminantium, an obligate intracellular bacterium transmitted by ticks of the genus amblyomma, causes heartwater disease in ruminants. the gene coding for the major antigenic protein map1 is part of a multigene family consisting of a cluster containing 16 paralogs. in the search for differentially regulated genes between e. ruminantium grown in endothelial and tick cell lines that could be used in vaccine development and to determine if differences in the map1 gene cluster exist between ... | 2005 | 15995193 |
| use of biodegradable plga microspheres as a slow release delivery system for the boophilus microplus synthetic vaccine sbm7462. | the synthetic anti-boophilus microplus vaccine sbm7462 derived from the tick intestinal protein, bm86, induced a protective immune response when emulsified in saponin and used in cattle. using a mice model, and with the objective of improving the vaccine by continual peptide release, it was encapsulated in plga 50:50 microspheres and inoculated in balb/c mice to assess the immunological response by detection of anti-peptide iggs. comparative studies were made with the peptide emulsified in sapon ... | 2005 | 16002149 |
| anaemia and deaths in red deer (cervus elaphus) fawns associated with heavy infestations of cattle tick (haemaphysalis longicornis). | in late december/early january 1979/80, deaths occurred in 30 red deer (cervus elaphus) fawns. evidence is presented to suggest that these deaths most likely resulted from heavy infestations of ticks (haemaphysalis longicornis). | 1982 | 16030894 |
| theileria orientalis, a blood parasite of cattle. first report in new zealand. | a theileria sp. piroplasm has been found in cattle from 10 northland herds. transmission studies, involving two splenectomized calves, led to its identification as t. orientalis, which has not been previously found in new zealand. this piroplasm is relatively benign hut can cause severe anaemia in heavily parasitized animals. the cattle tick haemaphysalis longicornis is considered to be the likely vector. | 1984 | 16031086 |
| the role of hiti, a serine protease inhibitor from haematobia irritans irritans (diptera: muscidae) in the control of fly and bacterial proteases. | blood-sucking arthropods are vectors responsible for the transmission of several pathogens and parasites to vertebrate animals. the horn fly haematobia irritans irritans (diptera: muscidae) and the tick boophilus microplus are important hematophagous ectoparasites that cause losses in cattle production. a serine protease inhibitor from a thorax extract of the fly h. irritans irritans (hiti) was previously isolated, characterized and cloned. in the present study we described the expression, purif ... | 2005 | 16054488 |
| in vivo role of 20-hydroxyecdysone in the regulation of the vitellogenin mrna and egg development in the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say). | injection of the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-e) into partially fed (virgin) female adults of the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis, while they are attached and feeding on the rabbit host, initiated the expression of the vitellogenin (vg) gene, and vg protein secretion and uptake by the ovary. the induction of egg production by 20-e in this bioassay was dose dependent in the range of 1-50 times the concentration normally found in a replete, vitellogenic female. ticks examined 4 d after ... | 2005 | 16061249 |
| purification of a lectin from the marine red alga gracilaria cornea and its effects on the cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | a lectin was purified from the seaweed gracilaria cornea by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-sepharose cl-4b followed by affinity chromatography on immobilized mucin. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of g. cornea lectin (gcl) revealed a single protein band of approximately 60 kda, whereas by gel filtration on sephadex g-100 its native molecular mass was 66 kda. gcl exhibited a single isoeletric point of 4.3 and a 52.5% content of neutral sugars. furthermo ... | 2005 | 16076127 |
| tracing heme in a living cell: hemoglobin degradation and heme traffic in digest cells of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | heme is present in all cells, acting as a cofactor in essential metabolic pathways such as respiration and photosynthesis. moreover, both heme and its degradation products, co, iron and biliverdin, have been ascribed important signaling roles. however, limited knowledge is available on the intracellular pathways involved in the flux of heme between different cell compartments. the cattle tick boophilus microplus ingests 100 times its own mass in blood. the digest cells of the midgut endocytose b ... | 2005 | 16081607 |
| ability of the vector tick boophilus microplus to acquire and transmit babesia equi following feeding on chronically infected horses with low-level parasitemia. | the protozoan parasite babesia equi replicates within erythrocytes. during the acute phase of infection, b. equi can reach high levels of parasitemia, resulting in a hemolytic crisis. horses that recover from the acute phase of the disease remain chronically infected. subsequent transmission is dependent upon the ability of vector ticks to acquire b. equi and, following development and replication, establishment of b. equi in the salivary glands. although restriction of the movement of chronical ... | 2005 | 16081906 |
| ticks (acari: ixodida) on wild carnivores in brazil. | the present study reports field data of ticks infesting wild carnivores captured from july 1998 to september 2004 in brazil. additional data were obtained from one tick collection and from previous published data of ticks on carnivores in brazil. during field work, a total of 3437 ticks were collected from 89 cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), 58 chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), 30 puma concolor (puma), 26 panthera onca (jaguar), 12 procyon cancrivorus (crab-eating raccoon), 4 speothos venati ... | 2005 | 16082932 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the stomatopod crustacean squilla mantis. | animal mitochondrial genomes are physically separate from the much larger nuclear genomes and have proven useful both for phylogenetic studies and for understanding genome evolution. within the phylum arthropoda the subphylum crustacea includes over 50,000 named species with immense variation in body plans and habitats, yet only 23 complete mitochondrial genomes are available from this subphylum. | 2005 | 16091132 |
| thermal characteristics of metarhizium anisopliae isolates important for the development of biological pesticides for the control of cattle ticks. | experiments were conducted to determine if metarhizium anisopliae isolates which are capable of growth at cattle surface temperatures could produce pathogenicity to boophilus microplus in laboratory and field studies. the diurnal temperature fluctuation on the surface of cattle was monitored. the temperature tolerance of m. anisopliae isolates (arsef3297 and imi386697) was determined and their pathogenicity to b. microplus compared at a standard bioassay temperature (28 degrees c) and at a tempe ... | 2005 | 16099103 |
| the transcriptome of the salivary glands of the female western black-legged tick ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae). | sequencing of an ixodes pacificus salivary gland cdna library yielded 1068 sequences with an average undetermined nucleotide of 1.9% and an average length of 487 base pairs. assembly of the expressed sequence tags yielded 557 contigs, 138 of which appear to code for secreted peptides or proteins based on translation of a putative signal peptide. based on the blastx similarity of these contigs to 66 matches of ixodes scapularis peptide sequences, only 58% sequence identity was found, indicating a ... | 2005 | 16102420 |
| tick saliva is a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. | we report for the first time that saliva of the hard tick and lyme disease vector, ixodes scapularis, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. saliva (< or = 1:500 dilutions) or salivary gland (0.1-0.5 pairs/assay) dose-dependently inhibits microvascular endothelial cell (mvec) proliferation. inhibition was also detected with the saliva of the cattle tick boophilus microplus but not with the salivary gland of anopheles gambiae, an. stephensi, lutzomyia longipalpis, phlebotomus papatasi, aedes aegy ... | 2005 | 16113800 |
| purification and antigenicity of two recombinant forms of boophilus microplus yolk pro-cathepsin expressed in inclusion bodies. | the tick boophilus microplus is a bovine ectoparasite present in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and the use of vaccines is a promising method for tick control. byc is an aspartic proteinase found in eggs that is involved in the embryogenesis of b. microplus and was proposed as an important antigen in the development of an anti-tick vaccine. the cdna of byc was amplified by pcr and cloned for expression in two forms with and without thioredoxin fusion protein (trx), coding recombinan ... | 2006 | 16122942 |
| [morphologic characterization and biological aspects of evolutive forms of babesia bigemina (smith and kilborne, 1893) (protozoa: babesiidae) in boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887)]. | the development of babesia bigemina in boophilus microplus were studied in experimental conditions, using crossed-breed bovine from free-area of these parasites. stages of the hemoparasites were observed in the tick vector, starting from the infected red-blood cells observed in the gut of engorged females, from the first 24 hours after detachment to the emergence of sporokinets in the larvas. in the period from 24 to 48 hours after detachment of the engorged females (def), the presence of some i ... | 2005 | 16153336 |
| [ectoparasites in goat and sheep folks from alto mearim and grajaú microregion, state of maranhão]. | goat and sheep folks from alto mearim and grajaú microregion, state of maranhão, were examined by inspection and by feeling to collected ectoparasites. the specimens were kept in individual bottles for each host sampled with alcohol 70 degrees gl as preserver liquid. the identification was carried out at universidade estadual do maranhão at the laboratory of parasitology. the ticks were examined in stereomicroscope and identified through aragão and fonseca (1961) dicotomic key; the lice were mou ... | 2005 | 16153346 |
| comparison of water, oils and emulsifiable adjuvant oils as formulating agents for metarhizium anisopliae for use in control of boophilus microplus. | studies were conducted to identify oil-based formulating agents (paraffinic oil, palm oil and emulsifiable adjuvant oils (eaos)) for metarhizium anisopliae that were superior to water with simple surfactants using a germination test and a bioassay against boophilus microplus. germination of conidia in all formulations, except 10% coconut eao, produced more than 68% germination at 24 h and nearly 100% at 48 h. coconut oil (average survival time (ast) = 4.6 +/- 0.28 days) and 10% liquid paraffin e ... | 2005 | 16170611 |
| a theoretical analysis of codon adaptation index of the boophilus microplus bm86 gene directed to the optimization of a dna vaccine. | dna vaccines utilize host cell molecules for gene transcription and translation to proteins, and the interspecific difference of codon usage is one of the major obstacles for effective induction of specific and strong immune response. in an attempt to improve codon usage effects of dna vaccine on protein expression, a quantitative study was conducted to clarify the relationship of codon usage in the tick gene bm86 and its potential expression in bovine cells. the calculated relative synonymous c ... | 2006 | 16171828 |
| assessment of fungal isolates for development of a myco-acaricide for cattle tick control. | entomopathogenic fungal isolates of arachnid origin were assessed for their ability to produce mortality and inhibit egg hatching in boophilus microplus with the aim of selecting an isolate for development into a myco-acaricide for control of cattle ticks. the ability of the most promising isolate to target developmental stages of more than one tick species and the optimum concentration of fungal inoculum to be used for future studies were determined. metarhizium anisopliae was the most pathogen ... | 2005 | 16187897 |
| ixodidin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the hemocytes of the cattle tick boophilus microplus with inhibitory activity against serine proteinases. | the presence of an effective immune response in the hemocoel of arthropods is essential for survival as it prevents the invasion of pathogens throughout the animal body. antimicrobial peptides (amps) play an important role in this response by rapidly killing invading microorganisms. in this study, a novel cysteine-rich amp has been isolated and characterized from the hemocytes of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. in addition to growth inhibition of escherichia coli and micrococcus luteus, th ... | 2006 | 16191451 |
| merozoite surface antigen 2 proteins of babesia bovis vaccine breakthrough isolates contain a unique hypervariable region composed of degenerate repeats. | the merozoite surface antigen 2 (msa-2) proteins of babesia bovis are members of the variable merozoite surface antigen (vmsa) family that have been implicated in erythrocyte invasion and are important targets for antibody-mediated blocking of invasion. extensive sequence variation in another vmsa member, msa-1, has been shown in all vaccine breakthrough isolates. to test the hypothesis that the msa-2 genes of vaccine breakthrough isolates would also encode a diverse set of proteins, the complet ... | 2005 | 16239512 |
| rodent malaria parasites plasmodium chabaudi and p. vinckei do not increase their rates of gametocytogenesis in response to mosquito probing. | several vector-borne infectious agents facultatively alter their life history strategies in response to local vector densities. some evidence suggests that malaria parasites invest more heavily in transmission stage production (gametocytogenesis) when vectors are present. such a strategy could rapidly increase malaria transmission rates, particularly when adult mosquitoes begin to appear after dry seasons. however, in contrast to a recent experiment with a rodent malaria (plasmodium chabaudi), w ... | 2005 | 16243686 |
| comparative study of anaplasma parasites in tick carrying buffaloes and cattle. | a comparative study on the prevalence of anaplasma parasite was conducted on ticks carrying buffaloes and cattle. five hundred blood samples of both animals (250 of each) were collected during february, march and april. thin blood smears on glass slides were made, fixed in 100% methyl alcohol and examined. microscopic examination revealed that 205 (41%) animals had anaplasma parasites, out of which 89, 44 and 72 animals had anaplasma marginale, anaplasma centrale and mixed infection respectively ... | 2005 | 16252338 |
| biochemical diagnosis of organophosphate-insensitivity with neural acetylcholinesterase extracted by sonication from the adult tick synganglion. | a sonication method for the homogeneous extraction of acetylcholinesterase (ache) from the synganglia of adult ticks is described. the method provides for the extraction of sufficient ache for multiple assays of enzyme activity in the presence of specific organophosphate (op) inhibitors for the rapid diagnosis of op-insensitivity and assignment of homozygous susceptible (ss), heterozygous resistant (rs), and homozygous resistant (rr) genotypes to individual ticks. a single synganglion from adult ... | 2006 | 16280196 |
| factors influencing in vitro infectivity and growth of rickettsia peacockii (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae), an endosymbiont of the rocky mountain wood tick, dermacentor andersoni (acari, ixodidae). | rickettsia peacockii, a spotted fever group rickettsia, is a transovarially transmitted endosymbiont of rocky mountain wood ticks, dermacentor andersoni. this rickettsia, formerly known as the east side agent and restricted to female ticks, was detected in a chronically infected embryonic cell line, dae100, from d. andersoni. we examined infectivity, ability to induce cytopathic effect (cpe) and host cell specificity of r. peacockii using cultured arthropod and mammalian cells. aposymbiotic dae1 ... | 2005 | 16288906 |
| identification of tick periviscerokinin, the first neurohormone of ixodidae: single cell analysis by means of maldi-tof/tof mass spectrometry. | the first peptidergic neurohormone from the ticks ixodes ricinus and boophilus microplus has been identified by using a combination of immunocytochemistry and mass spectrometric analysis of single cells. the novel peptide (ixori-pvk, palipfprv-nh2) shows a high sequence homology with members of the insect periviscerokinin/cap2b peptides that in insects are involved in the regulation of water balance. the function of this peptide in ticks is still unknown, but these pests consume large amounts of ... | 2005 | 16289040 |
| molecular cloning of a phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene from the tick, boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phgpx) enzymes are associated with cellular protection by the role they play in reducing hydroperoxides of phospholipids, thereby preventing membrane lipoperoxidation. as part of their toxic effect, some pesticides stimulate peroxidation of cellular membranes. we isolated and sequenced a phgpx gene from the cattle tick boophilus microplus that encodes a protein of 169 amino acids, including a tga-encoded selenocysteine at residue 46 and active s ... | 2005 | 16291093 |