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heavy metals accumulation in crab and shrimps from pulicat lake, north chennai coastal region, southeast coast of india.the accumulation of heavy metals such as lead (pb), iron (fe), zinc (zn), cadmium (cd), and chromium (cr) was examined in crab (scylla serrata) and shrimps (penaeus semisulcatus, penaeus indicus, and penaeus monodon) collected from pulicat lake that receives effluents from industries located in north chennai, southeast coast of india. the results showed limited difference between crab and prawns as well as significant variations between the organs. pb is the highly accumulated metal in both crab ...201623344825
loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with colorimetric nanogold for detection of the microsporidian enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in penaeid shrimp.enterocytozoon hepatopenaei is an emerging microsporidian parasite that has been linked to recent losses caused by white faeces syndrome (wfs) in cultivated giant or black tiger shrimp penaeus (penaeus) monodon and whiteleg shrimp penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei in asia. to more accurately assess its impact on shrimp production and to determine reservoir carriers for control measures, our objective was to establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay combined with colorimetric n ...201323387348
persistence of penaeus stylirostris densovirus delays mortality caused by white spot syndrome virus infection in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).persistent infection of penaeus stylirostris densovirus (pstdnv) (also called ihhnv) and its non-infectious inserts in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon (p. monodon) genome are commonly found without apparent disease. here, we introduced the method of multiplex pcr in order to differentiate shrimp with viral inserts from ones with the infectious virus. the method allowed us to study the effect of pre-infection of ihhnv, in comparison to ihhnv inserts, on wssv resistance in p. monodon.201323414329
characterization and expression analysis of the broad-complex (br-c) gene of the giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.broad-complex (br-c) is the early ecdysone responsive gene encoding a family of zinc-finger transcription factors. in this study, the full-length cdna of the br-c gene of the giant tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) was identified. pmbr-c was 1897 bp in length containing an orf of 1329 bp deducing to a polypeptide of 442 amino acids. pmbr-c was more abundantly expressed in ovaries than testes of p. monodon broodstock. the expression levels of pmbr-c mrna in ovaries of juveniles was significantly gre ...201323485783
cloning of skeletal myosin heavy chain gene family from adult pleopod muscle and whole larvae of shrimps.the physiological and biological properties of skeletal muscle in crustacea have not been well understood compared with those of vertebrates. the present study focused on myosin, the major protein in skeletal muscle, from shrimps. in our previous study, two full-length genes encoding myosin heavy chain (mhc), a large subunit of the myosin molecule, were cloned from abdominal fast skeletal muscle of kuruma marsupenaeus japonicus, black tiger penaeus monodon and pacific white penaeus vannamei shri ...201323526764
molecular cloning of doublesex genes of four cladocera (water flea) species.the gene doublesex (dsx) is known as a key factor regulating genetic sex determination in many organisms. we previously identified two dsx genes (dapmadsx1 and dapmadsx2) from a freshwater branchiopod crustacean, daphnia magna, which are expressed in males but not in females. d. magna produces males by parthenogenesis in response to environmental cues (environmental sex determination) and we showed that dapmadsx1 expression during embryonic stages is responsible for the male trait development. t ...201323575357
bacterial population in intestines of the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) under different growth stages.intestinal bacterial communities in aquaculture have been drawn to attention due to potential benefit to their hosts. to identify core intestinal bacteria in the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon), bacterial populations of disease-free shrimp were characterized from intestines of four developmental stages (15-day-old post larvae (pl15), 1- (j1), 2- (j2), and 3-month-old (j3) juveniles) using pyrosequencing, real-time pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) approaches. a total of ...201323577162
identification and expression analysis of dicer2 in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) responses to immune challenges.dicer is a key initiative protein of the rna interference (rnai) pathway that produces small interfering rnas (sirnas) or micro rnas (mirna), which then leads to rna-directed gene regulation or viral immunity. in the present study, we identified and characterized a dicer2 cdna from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (designated as pmdcr2). the full length cdna of pmdcr2 contains a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 109 bp, an open reading frame (orf) of 4509 bp and a 3' utr of 842 bp. the molecular ...201323583958
development of a monoclonal antibody-based flow-through immunoassay (fta) for detection of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.a flow-through immunoassay (fta), an improved version of immunodot, was developed using a nitrocellulose membrane baked onto adsorbent pads enclosed in a plastic cassette to detect white spot syndrome virus (wssv) in shrimp. sharp purple dots developed with wssv against the white background of the nitrocellulose membrane. the detection limits of wssv by the fta and immunodot were 0.312 and 1.2 μg ml(-1) crude wssv protein, respectively. the fta could be completed in 8-10 min compared with 90 min ...201323617699
protection of penaeus monodon from infection of white spot syndrome virus by dna construct expressing long hairpin-rna against icp11 gene.a plasmid construct (picp11-lh) was designed to constitutively express long-hairpin rna (lhrna) against icp11 gene, which is reportedly the most highly expressed gene of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) and likely to have an important role in viral pathogenesis. the construct was used singly and in combination with other similar constructs designed against vp28 and vp19. a total of 6 treatments, t1 (picp11-lh; 35 μg), t2 (pvp28-lh; 35 μg), t3 (pvp28-lh and pvp19-lh; 17.5 μg each), t4 (pvp28-lh a ...201123637487
pmserpin3 from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon is capable of controlling the propo system.serpin or serine proteinase inhibitor is a family of protease inhibitors that are involved in controlling the proteolytic cascade in various biological processes. in shrimp, several serpins have been identified but only a few have been characterized. herein, the pmserpin3 gene identified from penaeus monodon est database was studied. by using the 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) techniques, the full-length of pmserpin3 cdna was obtained. the cdna contained an open reading frame ...201323660411
macrobrachium rosenbergii cathepsin l: molecular characterization and gene expression in response to viral and bacterial infections.cathepsin l (mrcathl) was identified from a constructed cdna library of freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii. mrcathl full-length cdna is 1161 base pairs (bp) with an orf of 1026bp which encodes a polypeptide of 342 amino acid (aa) long. the eukaryotic cysteine proteases, histidine and asparagine active site residues were identified in the aa sequence of mrcathl at 143-154, 286-296 and 304-323, respectively. the pair wise clustalw analysis of mrcathl showed the highest similarity (97%) wit ...201323669240
application of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to improve survival of the black tiger shrimp after vibrio harveyi exposure.this study investigates an effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) as feed supplement to improve immunity of the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). lps was coated to commercial feed pellets and given to the shrimp once or twice a day for 10 days before an exposure with shrimp pathogenic bacterium vibrio harveyi. the growth rates, percent weight gains, total hemocyte and granulocyte counts and survival rates of shrimp between the lps-coated pellet fed groups and a control group where shri ...201323751331
a serine proteinase pmclipsp2 contributes to prophenoloxidase system and plays a protective role in shrimp defense by scavenging lipopolysaccharide.serine proteinases (sps) participate in various biological processes and play vital role in immunity. in this study, we investigated the function of pmclipsp2 from shrimp penaeus monodon in defense against bacterial infection. pmclipsp2 was identified as a clip-domain sp and its mrna increased in response to infection with vibrio harveyi. pmclipsp2-knockdown shrimp displayed a significantly reduced phenoloxidase (po) activity and increased susceptibility to v. harveyi infection. injection of lps ...201323817140
molecular cloning and functional characterization of argonaute-3 gene from penaeus monodon.argonaute (ago) proteins play a crucial role in the shrimp rna interference pathway. in this study, we identified and characterized a novel ago gene from black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. the complete open reading frame of p. monodon ago3 (pmago3) consisted of 2559 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 852 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 97 kda and an isoelectric point of 9.42. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of pmago3 revealed the presence of two signature domain ...201323823130
determination of the infectious nature of the agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome affecting penaeid shrimp.a new emerging disease in shrimp, first reported in 2009, was initially named early mortality syndrome (ems). in 2011, a more descriptive name for the acute phase of the disease was proposed as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (ahpns). affecting both pacific white shrimp penaeus vannamei and black tiger shrimp p. monodon, the disease has caused significant losses in southeast asian shrimp farms. ahpns was first classified as idiopathic because no specific causative agent had been identif ...201323836769
ige reactivity of blue swimmer crab (portunus pelagicus) tropomyosin, por p 1, and other allergens; cross-reactivity with black tiger prawn and effects of heating.shellfish allergy is a major cause of food-induced anaphylaxis, but the allergens are not well characterized. this study examined the effects of heating on blue swimmer crab (portunus pelagicus) allergens in comparison with those of black tiger prawn (penaeus monodon) by testing reactivity with shellfish-allergic subjects' serum ige. cooked extracts of both species showed markedly increased ige reactivity by elisa and immunoblotting, and clinical relevance of ige reactivity was confirmed by baso ...201323840718
the microsporidian enterocytozoon hepatopenaei is not the cause of white feces syndrome in whiteleg shrimp penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei.the microsporidian enterocytozoon hepatopenaei was first described from thailand in 2009 in farmed, indigenous giant tiger shrimp penaeus (penaeus) monodon. the natural reservoir for the parasite is still unknown. more recently, a microsporidian closely resembling it in morphology and tissue preference was found in thai-farmed, exotic, whiteleg shrimp penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei exhibiting white feces syndrome (wfs). our objective was to compare the newly found pathogen with e. hepatopenaei a ...201323856195
interaction between kazal serine proteinase inhibitor spipm2 and viral protein wsv477 reduces the replication of white spot syndrome virus.white spot syndrome (wss) is a viral disease caused by white spot syndrome virus (wssv) which leads to severe mortality in cultured penaeid shrimp. in response to wssv infection in penaeus monodon, a kazal serine proteinase inhibitor spipm2, normally stored in the granules of granular and semi-granular hemocytes is up-regulated and found to deter the viral replication. by using yeast two-hybrid screening, we have identified a viral target protein, namely wsv477. instead of being a proteinase, th ...201323867494
characterization and expression of cell division cycle 2 (cdc2) mrna and protein during ovarian development of the giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.the meiotic maturation of oocytes is regulated by the maturation-promoting factor (mpf), a complex of cdc2 (cdk1) and cyclin b. here, the complete open reading frame (orf) of cdc2 in penaeus monodon was characterized. pmcdc2 were 900bp in length corresponding to a polypeptide of 299 amino acids with the conserved thr14, tyr15 and thr161 residues. quantitative real-time pcr indicated that the expression level of pmcdc2 in wild intact broodstock was significantly increased in stages ii (vitellogen ...201323899716
protection of shrimp penaeus monodon from wssv infection using antisense constructs.white spot syndrome caused by white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is one of the most threatening diseases of shrimp culture industry. previous studies have successfully demonstrated the use of dna- and rna-based vaccines to protect wssv infection in shrimp. in the present study, we have explored the protective efficacy of antisense constructs directed against wssv proteins, vp24, and vp28, thymidylate synthase (ts), and ribonucleotide reductase-2 (rr2) under the control of endogenous shrimp histone ...201423907649
n-linked glycosylation is essential for the yellow head virus replication cycle.yellow head virus (yhv) particles contain a nucleocapsid protein (p20) and two envelope glycoproteins (gp116 and gp64). the glycans attached to the two glycoproteins are n-linked and are complex and high mannose types, respectively. here, we show that treatment with the n-linked glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin in yhv-infected black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) resulted in less severe yellow head disease and reduced mortality when compared with untreated control shrimp. quantitative real-ti ...201323950562
identification of rapd-scar marker linked to white spot syndrome virus resistance in populations of giant black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon fabricius.white spot disease (wsd) caused by white spot syndrome virus (wssv) creates severe epizootics in shrimp aquaculture industry worldwide. despite several efforts, no such permanent remedy was yet developed. selective breeding using dna markers would be a cost-effective strategy for long-term solution of this problem. in the present investigation, out of 30 random primers, only one primer produced a statistically significant (p < 0.01) randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) marker of 502 bp, whi ...201423952572
protease inhibitor from moringa oleifera with potential for use as therapeutic drug and as seafood preservative.protease inhibitors are well known to have several applications in medicine and biotechnology. several plant sources are known to return potential protease inhibitors. in this study plants belonging to different families of leguminosae, malvaceae, rutaceae, graminae and moringaceae were screened for the protease inhibitor. among them moringa oleifera, belonging to the family moringaceae, recorded high level of protease inhibitor activity after ammonium sulfate fractionation. m. oleifera, which g ...201123961135
in vivo therapeutic potentiality of red seaweed, asparagopsis (bonnemaisoniales, rhodophyta) in the treatment of vibriosis in penaeus monodon fabricius.the crude extract of the red seaweed, asparagopsis sp. was evaluated for in vivo antibacterial activity against the shrimp vibrio pathogens. the algal extract was rationalized with commercial shrimp feed and orally administered for different duration of time followed by the artificial bacterial challenge experiment. in dose titration experiments, the oral administration of asparagopsis sp. at a dosage of 850 mg kg(-1) of biomass was highly efficacious in the treatment of natural infestations of ...201223961176
therapeutic effect of artemia enriched with escherichia coli expressing double-stranded rna in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.we exploited artemia as a double-stranded (ds)rna-delivery system to combat viral diseases in shrimp. first, the transformed escherichia coli (e. coli) expressing red fluorescent protein (rfp) was tested in the artemia enrichment process. rfp signals detectable in the gut of artemia under confocal microscope were evident for the successful encapsulation. second, the artemia enrichment process was performed using e. coli producing laem-singh virus (lsnv)-specific dsrna, which has been previously ...201323962772
an unconventional antimicrobial protein histone from freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii: analysis of immune properties.in this study, we have reported the first histone characterized at molecular level from freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii (mrhis). a full length cdna of mrhis (751 base pairs) was identified from an established m. rosenbergii cdna library using gs-flx technique. it encodes 137 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 15 kda and an isoelectric point of 10.5. mrhis peptide contains a histone h2a signature between 21 and 27 amino acids. homologous analysis showed that mrhis ...201323994279
an evolutionarily ancient no synthase (nos) in shrimp.nitric oxide (no) is a well known essential molecule that is involved in multiple functions such as neuron transduction, cardiac disease, immune responses, etc.; nitric oxide synthase (nos) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of it. a very few crustacean nos molecules were biochemically characterized so far. in the present study, we cloned and characterized a nos cdna from haemocytes of tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) (pmnos). the full-length of pmnos cdna contained 3997 bp, includi ...201323994281
laem-singh virus: a probable etiological agent associated with monodon slow growth syndrome in farmed black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).among the emerging diseases in shrimp aquaculture, monodon slow growth syndrome (msgs) is a major concern in south and southeast asia. shrimp farming in thailand was severely affected during 2000-2002 due to msgs, which caused an economic loss, of about us$ 300 million. msgs is characterized by abnormally slow growth with coefficients of size variation of >35 %, that has impacted p. monodon production in thailand. a new shrimp virus, laem-singh virus (lsnv) was identified to be associated in msg ...201223997445
identification and cloning of the second type transglutaminase from litopenaeus vannamei, and its transcription following pathogen infection and in relation to the haemolymph coagulation.complementary (c)dna encoding transglutaminaseii (tgii) messenger (m)rna of white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei, was cloned from haemocytes by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) using oligonucleotide primers based on the tg sequence of the horseshoe crab, tachypleus tridentatus (accession no.: baa02134), tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon (aav49005; aao33455), kuruma shrimp, marsupenaeus japonicus (bad36808) and pacifastacus leniuscul ...201324036331
computational analysis of molt-inhibiting hormone from selected crustaceans.molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) is a principal endocrine hormone regulating the growth in crustaceans. in total, nine mih peptide sequences representing members of the family penaeidae (penaeus monodon, litopenaeus vannamei, marsupenaeus japonicus), portunidae (portunus trituberculatus, charybdis japonica, charybdis feriata), cambaridae (procambarus bouvieri), parastacidae (cherax quadricarinatus) and varunidae (eriocheir sinensis) were selected for our study. in order to develop a structure based ...201324041714
molecular cloning and characterization of a cathepsin b gene from the chinese shrimp fenneropenaeus chinensis.cathepsin b is a unique member of the cathepsin superfamily, which acts as both an endopeptidase and peptidyl-dipeptidase. to obtain a better understanding of this enzyme, we cloned a cdna encoding cathepsin b from the muscle of fenneropenaeus chinensis (fccb). fccb contained a 996-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein of 331 amino acid residues with a putative signal peptide and a propeptide_c1 at the n-terminal, a glutamine oxyanion hole and active site cysteine, histidine and asparag ...201324041842
fishmicrosat: a microsatellite database of commercially important fishes and shellfishes of the indian subcontinent.microsatellite dna is one of many powerful genetic markers used for the construction of genetic linkage maps and the study of population genetics. the biological databases in public domain hold vast numbers of microsatellite sequences for many organisms including fishes. the microsatellite data available in these data sources were extracted and managed into a database that facilitates sequences analysis and browsing relevant information. the system also helps to design primer sequences for flank ...201324047532
improvement of innate immune responses and defense activity in tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon fab.) by intramuscular administration of the outer membrane protein vibrio alginolyticus.the outer membrane protein (omp) of vibrio alginolyticus cell wall was administered intramuscularly (im) to the tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon fab.) at 10, 20, 30 μg/kg bw. after 14 days infection, the tiger shrimps were challenged with 10(7) bacterial density of vibrio harveyi for 24 hours. the total haemocyte count (thc), differential haemocyte count (dhc) and amount of total protein plasma (tpp), superoxide dismutase and protease enzyme activity were monitored. the results showed that intramus ...201324058892
pmtbc1d20, a rab gtpase-activating protein from the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, is involved in white spot syndrome virus infection.tbc (tre2/bub2/cdc16) domain proteins contain an ≈ 200-amino-acid motif and function as rab gtpase-activating proteins that are required for regulating the activity of rab proteins, and so, in turn, endocytic membrane trafficking in cells. tbc domain family member 20 (tbc1d20) has recently been reported to mediate hepatitis c virus replication. herein, pmtbc1d20 identified from the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, was characterized and evaluated for its role in white spot syndrome virus (wss ...201424076066
characterization, expression and localization of valosin-containing protein in ovaries of the giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.valosin-containing protein (vcp), a member of the atpase-associated with diverse cellular activity (aaa) family, was identified from the giant tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). the full-length cdna of the pmvcp mrna consisted of 2,724 bp containing an orf of 2,367 bp corresponding to a deduced polypeptide of 788 amino acids. the deduced pmvcp protein contained two putative cdc48 domains (positions 17-103, e-value=2.00e-36 and 120-186, e-value=3.60e-11) and two putative aaa domains (positions 232-3 ...201424095778
the identification and expression of the full-length htra2 gene from penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp).htra2 is an apoptosis-activating protein to enhance the apoptotic process by preventing the formation of the iap-caspase complex, thus freeing caspase to trigger the apoptosis pathway. here, we presented the full-length sequence of htra2 from the black tiger shrimp (pmhtra2). the full-length pmhtra2 transcript was 1403 bp with a 1338 bp open reading frame encoding 445 amino acids and contains 5 conserved domains, namely, a mitochondrial targeting signal (mts), a transmembrane (tm) domain, an iap ...201324096090
insights into the prostanoid pathway in the ovary development of the penaeid shrimp penaeus monodon.the prostanoid pathway converts polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) into bioactive lipid mediators, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes and prostacyclins, all of which play vital roles in the immune and reproductive systems in most animal phyla. in crustaceans, pufas and prostaglandins have been detected and often associated with female reproductive maturation. however, the presence of prostanoid biosynthesis genes remained in question in these species. in this study, we outlined the prostano ...201324116186
tissue distribution of hepatopancreatic parvo-like virus of shrimp in freshwater rice-field crab, paratelphusa hydrodomous (herbst).an attempt was made to determine the replication efficiency of hepatopancreatic parvo-like virus (hpv) of shrimp in different organs of freshwater rice-field crab paratelphusa hydrodomous (herbst) using bioassay, pcr, rt-pcr, elisa, western blot and q-pcr analyses. another attempt was made to use this crab as an alternative to penaeid shrimp for the large-scale production of hpv. this crab was found to be highly susceptible to hpv by intramuscular injection. the systemic hpv infection was confir ...201424117535
attenuation coefficients and absorbed gamma radiation energy of different varieties of potato, mango and prawn at different storage time and physiological condition.attenuation coefficients of different varieties of gamma irradiated potato (kufri chandramukhi, kufri jyoti, and kufri sindhuri), mango (himsagar, langra, dashehri and fazli) and prawn (tiger prawn and fresh water prawn) of different storage time and physiological stages were determined. after six months storage attenuation coefficient of kufri chandramukhi was decreased by 30.8% with decrease of density and moisture content. decreasing trend of attenuation coefficient during storage was more pr ...201424128533
potential in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of holigarna arnottiana (hook f).to explore the in vitro antimicrobial potential of holigarna arnottiana (h. arnottiana) against human and shrimp pathogenic bacteria and use gc-ms analysis to elucidate its antimicrobial principles.201424144126
immunostimulatory activity of sulfated galactans isolated from the red seaweed gracilaria fisheri and development of resistance against white spot syndrome virus (wssv) in shrimp.sulfated galactans (sg) were isolated from the red seaweed gracilaria fisheri (g. fisheri). chemical analysis revealed sg contains sulfate (12.7%) and total carbohydrate (42.2%) with an estimated molecular mass of 100 kda. structure analysis by nmr and ft-ir spectroscopy revealed that sg is a complex structure with a linear backbone of alternating 3-linked β-d-galactopyranose and 4-linked 3,6-anhydrogalactose units with partial 6-o-methylate-β-d-galactopyranose and with sulfation occurring on c4 ...201424161778
dna vaccines against viral diseases of farmed fish.immunization by an antigen-encoding dna was approved for commercial sale in canada against a novirhabdovirus infection in fish. dna vaccines have been particularly successful against the novirhabdoviruses while there are reports on the efficacy against viral pathogens like infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, infectious salmon anemia virus, and lymphocystis disease virus and these are inferior to what has been attained for the novirhabdoviruses. most recently, dna vaccination of penaeus monodon ...201324184267
identification, characterization and functional analysis of a serine protease inhibitor (lvserpin) from the pacific white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei.as important arthropod immune responses, prophenoloxidase (propo) activation and toll pathway initiation are mediated by serine proteinase cascades and regulated by serpins. herein, a serine protease inhibitor (lvserpin), encoding for 415 amino acids with calculated molecular weight of 46,639 da and isoelectric point of 7.03 was characterized from the pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. multiple sequence alignment revealed that lvserpin shared the highest similarity with penaeus monodon s ...201424211341
characterization of argonaute2 gene from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) and its responses to immune challenges.argonaute2 binds to a short guide rna (microrna or short interfering rna) and guides rnas direct risc to complementary mrnas that are targets for risc-mediated gene silencing. here we identified and characterized argonaute2 from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (designated as pmago2). the full-length cdna of pmago2 contained a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 106 bp, an open reading frame (orf) of 2616 bp and a 3' utr of 123 bp. the predicted pmago2 protein is 99.4 kda with the theoretical isoe ...201424262300
transcript analysis of white spot syndrome virus latency and phagocytosis activating protein genes in infected shrimp (penaeus monodon).viral latency has been recently observed to be associated with white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection in shrimp. in the present study, shrimp samples (penaeus monodon) surviving wssv infection were examined for presence of wssv in latent phase. virus latency was observed in shrimp which were either experimentally challenged with wssv and survived the infection or those which survived the natural infection. three viral transcripts (orfs 427, 151, 366) associated with latency were analyzed by ...201224293821
white spot syndrome virus infection in penaeus monodon is facilitated by housekeeping molecules.white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is a major pathogen in shrimp aquaculture, and its rampant spread has resulted in great economic loss. identification of host cellular proteins interacting with wssv will help in unravelling the repertoire of host proteins involved in wssv infection. in this study, we have employed one-dimensional and two-dimension virus overlay protein binding assay (vopba) followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) to ...201324296895
detection of toxoplasma gondii in shellfish and fish in parts of china.in this study, a total of 3432 aquatic animals covering eight species were tested by specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays to investigate the presence of toxoplasma gondii, in china. the results showed that, out of 618 procambarus clarkii samples collected from the different areas in southeast china, four samples from jiangxi province were positive. of 456 hypophthalmichthys molitrix samples, one sample from jiangsu province was positive. in addition, there was only one positive sample ...201424331298
the essential role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in yellow head virus propagation in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.yellow head virus (yhv) is one of the most widespread viruses seriously affecting black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) cultivation. a previous microarray study demonstrated that clathrin coat assembly protein 17 (ap17) was significantly up-regulated after yhv infection (pongsomboon et al., 2011). clathrin coat ap17 is a part of the assembly protein σ2 (ap-2) complex which is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. quantitative rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) revealed that the clathrin coat ap17 gene was up- ...201424333440
[identification of 70 kda shrimp protein as a possible new allergen for shrimp allergy].a large-scale study of causative allergen components of shrimp allergies has never been conducted in japan.201324335423
pmppaf is a pro-phenoloxidase activating factor involved in innate immunity response of the shrimp penaeus monodon.one of the major steps in the innate immune response of shrimp includes the activation of serine proteinases of the pro-phenoloxidase pathway by the prophenoloxidase activation enzyme (ppaf). in this study, the cdna encoding a serine proteinase homologue (sph) with prophenoloxidase activating activity of penaeus monodon (pmppaf) was cloned and characterized. pmppaf cdna consists of 1444 nucleotides encoding a protein with 394 amino acid residues. the estimated molecular weight of pmppaf is 43.5 ...201424345607
development of primary cell cultures from mud crab, scylla serrata, and their potential as an in vitro model for the replication of white spot syndrome virus.primary cell cultures were developed from haemocytes and testis of scylla serrata. haemocytes were collected from live animals and cultured in double-strength l-15 medium (2× l-15) prepared in crab saline, supplemented with 5% foetal bovine serum and antibiotic-antimycotic solution (penicillin 100 u/ml, streptomycin 100 μg/ml and amphotericin b 0.25 μg/ml) with osmolality adjusted to 894 mosm/kg. the haemocytes adhered within 2 h after seeding and showed proliferation up to 72 h. the disaggregat ...201424357036
haemocyte apoptosis of the tiger shrimp penaeus monodon exposed to cadmium.this study investigated the effect of ambient cadmium (cd) on haemocyte apoptosis of the shrimp, penaeus monodon. cellular response was determined in cd-exposed (0, 0.05, 0.5 and 5 mg l(-1)) shrimp. results showed that 0.05 mg l(-1) cd(2+) had no significant effect on the haemocyte parameters during the 48 h exposure. cadmium at doses of 0.5 and 5 mg l(-1) depressed the total haemocyte count (thc), and increased reactive oxygen species (ros) production and apoptosis ratio in haemocytes. esterase ...201424374743
vibrio campbellii hmga-mediated pyomelanization impairs quorum sensing, virulence, and cellular fitness.melanization due to the inactivation of the homogentisate-1,2-dioxygenase gene (hmga) has been demonstrated to increase stress resistance, persistence, and virulence in some bacterial species but such pigmented mutants have not been observed in pathogenic members of the vibrio harveyi clade. in this study, we used vibrio campbellii atcc baa-1116 as model organism to understand how melanization affected cellular phenotype, metabolism, and virulence. an in-frame deletion of the hmga gene resulted ...201324376440
effect of heat processing on antibody reactivity to allergen variants and fragments of black tiger prawn: a comprehensive allergenomic approach.prawn allergy is one of the leading causes of ige-mediated hypersensitivity to food. alterations of ige-antibody reactivity to prawn allergens due to thermal processing are not fully understood. the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of heating on prawn allergens using a comprehensive allergenomic approach.201424420734
histopathological findings on innate responses of white spot disease positive penaeus monodon (fabricius) under semi-intensive culture. 201524423278
detection of ctx gene positive non-o1/non-o139 v. cholerae in shrimp aquaculture environments.water and post-larvae samples from black tiger (penaeus monodon) shrimp hatcheries; pond water, pond sediment and shrimp from aquaculture farms were screened for the presence of v. cholerae. a v. cholerae-duplex pcr method was developed by utilizing v. cholerae species specific sodb primers and ctxab genes specific primers. incidence of v. cholerae was not observed in shrimp hatchery samples but was noticed in aquaculture samples. the incidence of v. cholerae was higher in pond water (7.6%) than ...201324425944
expression profile of penaeus monodon ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (pmubc) at protein level in white spot syndrome virus challenged shrimp.white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is one of the major pathogens in shrimp aquaculture. four proteins of wssv are predicted to encode a ring h2 domain, which in presence of ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (e2) in shrimps can function as viral e3 ligase and modulate the host ubiquitin proteasome pathway. modulation of host ubiquitin proteasome pathway by viral proteins is implicated in viral pathogenesis. in the present study, expression profile of penaeus monodon ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (pmubc) ...201324426257
white spot syndrome virus manipulates ubiquitin gene expression in penaeus monodon.the present study reports the effect of wssv on the expression profiles of shrimp ubiquitin gene both at protein and transcript levels at different time points after infection. a gradual decrease in ubiquitin protein levels was observed till 12 hpi (0.25 and 0.23 μg/mg of the total protein in gills and muscle, respectively) with a sudden increase at 18 hpi (1.86 and 1.8 μg/mg of total protein in gills and muscle, respectively). the rt-pcr results showed a gradual decrease in ubiquitin mrna level ...201324426264
virulence changes to harveyi clade bacteria infected with bacteriophage from vibrio owensii.vibrio owensii is one of the most virulent vibrios known being able to kill crustacean larvae at 10(2) cfu ml(-1). this study describes virulence changes to naïve strains of vibrio harveyi and vibrio campbellii when infected with the bacteriophage vob from a closely related species v. owensii 47666-1. the bacteriophage from v. owensii was induced into lytic phase by using mitomycin c at 100 ng ml(-1). one strain of v. harveyi and two strains of v. campbellii from 29 tested containing no prophage ...201324426274
identification and expression analysis of differentially expressed genes from shrimp (penaeus monodon) in response to low salinity stress.four suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) cdna libraries were constructed to identify differentially expressed salinity stress responsive genes of black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon exposed to low (3 ppt) salinity conditions. forward and reverse ssh cdna libraries were developed from the gill and gut tissues of shrimp and clones having inserts larger than 300 bp were unidirectionally sequenced. based on the sequence homology search, the identified genes were categorized for their putativ ...201324436977
the development of a high density linkage map for black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) based on csnps.transcriptome sequencing using illumina rna-seq was performed on populations of black tiger shrimp from india. samples were collected from (i) four landing centres around the east coastline (ec) of india, (ii) survivors of a severe wssv infection during pond culture (sur) and (iii) the andaman islands (ai) in the bay of bengal. equal quantities of purified total rna from homogenates of hepatopancreas, muscle, nervous tissue, intestinal tract, heart, gonad, gills, pleopod and lymphoid organs were ...201424465553
multiplex pcr (polymerase chain reaction) assay for detection of e. coli o157:h7, salmonella sp., vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus in spiked shrimps (penaeus monodon).the coastal aquaculture mainly shrimps constitute major export sector in bangladesh and is increasingly shaped by international trade conditions and by national responses to those stringent quality and safety standards. pcr based validated methods for detection of major bacterial pathogens in shrimp might be very useful tool for ensuring quality and safety standards of exportable shrimps. the objective of this study was to evaluate overall performance (sensitivity and specificity) of the multipl ...201324498789
sulfated galactans isolated from the red seaweed gracilaria fisheri target the envelope proteins of white spot syndrome virus and protect against viral infection in shrimp haemocytes.the present study was aimed at evaluating an underlying mechanism of the antiviral activity of the sulfated galactans (sg) isolated from the red seaweed gracilaria fisheri against white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection in haemocytes of the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. primary culture of haemocytes from penaeus monodon was performed and inoculated with wssv, after which the cytopathic effect (cpe), cell viability and viral load were determined. haemocytes treated with wssv-sg pre-mix s ...201424509436
measurement of intracellular nitric oxide (no) production in shrimp haemocytes by flow cytometry.a flow cytometric method to measure the production of intracellular nitric oxide (no) was adapted for use with shrimp haemocytes. we applied fluorescent probe 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate (daf-fm da) for no detection in haemocytes from the tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, and used flow cytometry to quantify fluorescence intensity in individual haemocyte. the optimized protocol for intracellular no analysis consists to incubate haemocytes with daf-fm da at 10 μm for 60 m ...201324513495
influence of probiotic bacterium bacillus cereus isolated from the gut of wild shrimp penaeus monodon in turn as a potent growth promoter and immune enhancer in p. monodon.a probiotic bacterium isolated from the gut of wild shrimp penaeus monodon rendered maximum antagonistic activity against shrimp pathogens and was capable of producing extracellular enzymes. the probiotic bacterium was identified as bacillus cereus through 16s rrna sequencing. the lyophilized b. cereus was supplemented with shrimp basal diet at four different concentrations (0.1–0.4%/100 g feed) in d1–d4 diets. the viability of probiotic bacterium in the test diets was evaluated during the study ...201424516873
immunological-based assays for specific detection of shrimp viruses.among shrimp viral pathogens, white spot syndrome virus (wssv) and yellow head virus (yhv) are the most lethal agents, causing serious problems for both the whiteleg shrimp, penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei, and the black tiger shrimp, penaeus (penaeus) monodon. another important virus that infects p. vannamei is infectious myonecrosis virus (imnv), which induces the white discoloration of affected muscle. in the cases of taura syndrome virus and penaeus stylirostris densovirus (pstdnv; formerly k ...201424567913
monitoring of water quality and microalgae species composition of penaeus monodon ponds in pulau pinang, malaysia.many reports have revealed that the abundance of microalgae in shrimp ponds vary with changes in environmental factors such as light, temperature, ph, salinity and nutrient level throughout a shrimp culture period. in this study, shrimp cultivation period was divided into three stages (initial = week 0-5, mid = week 6-10 and final = week 11-15). physical and chemical parameters throughout the cultivation period were studied and species composition of microalgae was monitored. physical parameters ...201124575209
pathology associated with white spot virus (wsv) infection in wild broodstock of tiger prawns (penaeus monodon).a total of six wild broodstocks of tiger prawns, penaeus monodon, were found positive for white spot virus (wsv) with an iq2000 detection kit. using histopathology, the intranuclear inclusion of haemocyte due to wsv infection was observed in the epithelium cells of the antennal gland, stomach and gills. this result confirmed that the wild broodstocks were positive with wsv without showing any white spot. additionally, histopathological examination also revealed an accumulation of haemocytes arou ...201224575228
antioxidative activity of protein hydrolysate produced by alcalase hydrolysis from shrimp waste (penaeus monodon and penaeus indicus).protein hydrolysates prepared by hydrolysis of shrimp waste (penaeus monodon and penaeus indicus) for 90 min. using alcalase enzyme following ph-stat method. antioxidative activities of swph were assessed determining frap, abts and dpph radical scavenging activities, which increased linearly with increasing concentration of protein hydrolysate upto 5 mg/ml maintaining good correlation. swph showed high stability over wide ranges of ph (2-11) and temperature (up to 100 °c for 150 min), in which t ...201424587519
two new anti-apoptotic proteins of white spot syndrome virus that bind to an effector caspase (pmcasp) of the giant tiger shrimp penaeus (penaeus) monodon.white spot syndrome virus proteins wssv134 and wssv322 have been shown to bind with the p20 domain (residues 55-214) of penaeus monodon caspase (pmcasp) protein through yeast two-hybrid screening. binding was confirmed for the p20 domain and the full-length caspase by co-immunoprecipitation. wssv134 is also known as the wssv structural protein vp36a, but no function or conserved domains have been ascribed to wssv322. discovery of the caspase binding activity of these two proteins led to an inves ...201424607895
characterization of intestinal bacteria in wild and domesticated adult black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) is a marine crustacean of economic importance in the world market. to ensure sustainability of the shrimp industry, production capacity and disease outbreak prevention must be improved. understanding healthy microbial balance inside the shrimp intestine can provide an initial step toward better farming practice and probiotic applications. in this study, we employed a barcode pyrosequencing analysis of v3-4 regions of 16s rrna genes to examine intestinal b ...201424618668
pmvrp15, a novel viral responsive protein from the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, promoted white spot syndrome virus replication.suppression subtractive hybridization of penaeus monodon hemocytes challenged with white spot syndrome virus (wssv) has identified the viral responsive gene, pmvrp15, as the highest up-regulated gene ever reported in shrimps. expression analysis by quantitative real time rt-pcr revealed 9410-fold up-regulated level at 48 h post wssv injection. tissue distribution analysis showed that pmvrp15 transcript was mainly expressed in the hemocytes of shrimp. the full-length cdna of pmvrp15 transcript wa ...201424637711
histopathological survey of potential biomarkers for the assessment of contaminant related biological effects in species of fish and shellfish collected from kuwait bay, arabian gulf.the marine environment in kuwait is dominated by kuwait bay, a shallow, depositional habitat vital for the breeding and propagation of marine organisms. the bay receives effluent inputs from industrial centres, ports, sewage outflows along with discharges from power and desalination plants. the major classes of pollutant discharged into the bay include petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, nutrients, cooling water and hyper-saline water. further, the bay has been historically impacted by a deliberate ...201424680107
assessment of wssv prevalence and distribution of disease-resistant shrimp among the wild population of penaeus monodon along the west coast of india.shrimp aquaculture is threatened by many diseases, among which white spot disease (wsd) caused by white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is the leading one. information related to the geographical distribution and seasonal prevalence of wsd is necessary to obtain a clear understanding of the disease biology in shrimp. identification of wsd-resistant individual shrimp with dna markers is also an important technique to develop better wsd-free shrimp health management. the present study aim is to estimat ...201424681359
bactericidal activity of elastin-like polypeptide biopolymer with polyhistidine domain and silver.in the present study, elastin-like biopolymer (elp) composed of a polyhistidine domain has been investigated as a silver binding agent for antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, a model test strain for gram-negative bacteria for antibacterial assays of nanoparticles, and vibrio harveyi, an opportunistic pathogen which cause mass mortality in shrimp penaeus monodon reared in coastal aquaculture. the concentration dependent antimicrobial activity of elph-ag on e. coli and v. harveyi was ...201424703635
transmission of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) from dendronereis spp. (peters) (nereididae) to penaeid shrimp.dendronereis spp. (peters) (nereididae) is a common polychaete in shrimp ponds built on intertidal land and is natural food for shrimp in traditionally managed ponds in indonesia. white spot syndrome virus (wssv), an important viral pathogen of the shrimp, can replicate in this polychaete (desrina et al. 2013); therefore, it is a potential propagative vector for virus transmission. the major aim of this study was to determine whether wssv can be transmitted from naturally infected dendronereis s ...201524716813
study on the distribution of disease-resistant shrimp identified by dna markers in respect to wssv infection in different seasons along the entire east coast of india aiming to prevent white spot disease in penaeus monodon.white spot disease caused by white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is responsible for harming shrimp aquaculture industry and results in a pandemic throughout the world. undeniably, the knowledge on geographic distribution, transmission, virulence, and seasonal prevalence of this disease alongside information on the distribution of disease-resistant shrimps may be helpful to understand important aspects of disease biology. this study was intended to estimate wssv prevalence by qualitative and quantit ...201624735185
identification and characterization of a qm protein as a possible peptidoglycan recognition protein (pgrp) from the giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.in an attempt to identify a peptidoglycan recognition protein (pgrp) in penaeus (penaeus) monodon, in vitro pull-down binding assays were used between shrimp proteins and purified peptidoglycan (pg). by gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry followed by mascot program analysis, proteins from shrimp hemocyte peripheral membrane proteins showed significant homology to records for a qm protein, actin and prophenoloxidase 2 precursor (propo2), while proteins from cell-free plasma showed significa ...201424736204
evaluation of trace metal content by icp-ms using closed vessel microwave digestion in fresh water fish.the objective of the present study was to investigate trace metal levels of different varieties of fresh water fish using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer after microwave digestion (md-icpms). fish samples were collected from the outlets of twin cities of hyderabad and secunderabad. the trace metal content in different varieties of analyzed fish were ranged from 0.24 to 1.68 mg/kg for chromium in cyprinus carpio and masto symbollon, 0.20 to 7.52 mg/kg for manganese in labeo rohi ...201424744789
biology, genome organization, and evolution of parvoviruses in marine shrimp.as shrimp aquaculture has evolved from a subsistent farming activity to an economically important global industry, viral diseases have also become a serious threat to the sustainable growth and productivity of this industry. parvoviruses represent an economically important group of viruses that has greatly affected shrimp aquaculture. in the early 1980s, an outbreak of a shrimp parvovirus, infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihhnv), led to the collapse of penaeid shrimp farmi ...201424751195
protein profiling in the gut of penaeus monodon gavaged with oral wssv-vaccines and live white spot syndrome virus.white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is a pathogen that causes considerable mortality of the farmed shrimp, penaeus monodon. candidate 'vaccines', wssv envelope protein vp28 and formalin-inactivated wssv, can provide short-lived protection against the virus. in this study, p. monodon was orally intubated with the aforementioned vaccine candidates, and protein expression in the gut of immunised shrimps was profiled. the alterations in protein profiles in shrimps infected orally with live-wssv were al ...201424782450
monoclonal antibody based immunodot for specific detection of proteins of the shrimp penaeus species.frozen shrimp continued to be the single largest item of export from india in terms of value accounting for about 44% of the total marine export earnings. headless, peeled frozen shrimp is a common and dominant item in the market and there is need for differentiating peeled penaeus sp from metapenaeus, parapenopsis and macrobrachium sp as consumer preference and price vary. furthermore, there is need to find out original species used in value addition of shrimp products. hence, it is essential f ...201424803705
a newly identified protein complex that mediates white spot syndrome virus infection via chitin-binding protein.white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is a large enveloped virus which has caused severe mortality and huge economic losses in the shrimp farming industry. the enveloped virus must be combined with the receptors of the host cell membrane by the virus envelope proteins. in the case of wssv, binding of envelope proteins with receptors of the host cell membrane was discovered in a number of previous studies, such as vp53a and 10 other proteins with chitin-binding protein (cbp), vp28 with penaeus monodon ...201424836670
development of sybr green based real time pcr assay for detection of monodon baculovirus in penaeus monodon.shrimp farming is one of the most important aquaculture activities. expansion and intensification of shrimp farming has been accompanied with the outbreak of diseases, which threaten the development and sustainability of the industry. viral diseases are the major challenges faced by shrimp farming industries. the prevention/control of such diseases have become critical in determining the viability of the shrimp farming. the disease caused by monodon baculovirus (mbv) is the major limiting factor ...201424841550
evaluation of immune and apoptosis related gene responses using an rnai approach in vaccinated penaeus monodon during oral wssv infection.in the present study rna interference was used to elucidate the connection between two endogenous genes [penaeus monodon rab7 (pmrab7) or p. monodon inhibitor of apoptosis (pmiap)], and selected immune/apoptosis-related genes in orally 'vaccinated' shrimp after white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection. p. monodon were vaccinated by feeding them with formalin inactivated wssv-coated feed. thereafter, pmrab7 or pmiap genes were silenced by injecting the shrimps with their respective dsrna. the r ...201424859490
regulation of the immediate-early genes of white spot syndrome virus by litopenaeus vannamei kruppel-like factor (lvklf).kruppel-like factors (klfs) belong to a subclass of cys2/his2 zinc-finger dna-binding proteins, and act as important regulators with diverse roles in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. our previous research showed that pmklf from penaeus monodon is crucial for white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection, yet the mechanisms by which pmklf influences wssv infection remain unclear. this study cloned klf from litopenaeus vannamei (lvklf), which had 93% similarit ...201424881625
silencing of pmypr65 receptor prevents yellow head virus infection in penaeus monodon.the suppression of viral replication by double-stranded rnas (dsrna) specific to mrnas of either virus or host genes has been widely investigated as a possible shrimp disease therapy. pmyrp65, a yellow head virus (yhv) receptor, was previously identified and characterized in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. in our previous study, entry of yhv into cells of the oka organ of p. monodon required the host receptor pmyrp65 and silencing of pmyrp65 in vitro led to a complete suppression of yhv ...201424892889
dietary effect of sargassum wightii fucoidan to enhance growth, prophenoloxidase gene expression of penaeus monodon and immune resistance to vibrio parahaemolyticus.the polysaccharide fucoidan from brown seaweed sargassum wightii was extracted and it was incorporated with pellet diets at three concentrations (0.1, 0.2 & 0.3%). the fucoidan incorporated diets were fed to shrimp penaeus monodon for 60 days and the growth performance was assessed. the weight gain and sgr of control group was 6.83 g and 9.72%, respectively, but the weight gain and sgr of various concentrations (0.1-0.3%) of fucoidan incorporated diets fed groups of shrimp was increased from 7.3 ...201424925762
molecular characterization of a cdna encoding red pigment-concentrating hormone in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon: implication of its function in molt and osmoregulation.red pigment-concentrating hormone (rpch) is a member of the akh/rpch peptide family present mainly in crustaceans and insects. insect akh is responsible for metabolic functions whereas rpch plays a major role in the aggregation of red chromatophores in crustaceans. in this study, a full-length cdna of rpch of the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon (pmrpch) was cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends strategies from the eyestalk rna. a 770 bp full-length pmrpch cdna harbored 279 bp of an open ...201424937259
proteomic analysis of ovarian proteins and characterization of thymosin-β and rac-gtpase activating protein 1 of the giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.cellular proteomics of total proteins in ovaries of domesticated and wild giant tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) were examined using gelc-ms/ms. in total, 1638 proteins matched those previously deposited in databases and 1253 (76.50%) of these significantly matched known proteins. several reproduction-related proteins (e.g. cdc2, cyclin b, cdc25, 14-3-3, thymosin-β and rac-gtpase activating protein 1) were identified. in addition, the full-length cdna of p. monodon thymosin-β (pmtmsb; 1084 bp with ...201424946223
high salinity induced expression profiling of differentially expressed genes in shrimp (penaeus monodon).four suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) cdna libraries were constructed to identify differentially expressed salinity stress responsive genes of black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon exposed to high (55 ppt) salinity conditions. one each of the forward and reverse ssh cdna libraries were developed from the gill and gut tissues of shrimp and clones having inserts larger than 300 bp were unidirectionally sequenced. based on the sequence homology search, the identified genes were categorized ...201424973887
co-solvent selection for supercritical fluid extraction of astaxanthin and other carotenoids from penaeus monodon waste.in recent years, astaxanthin is claimed to have a 10 times higher antioxidant activity than that of other carotenoids such as lutein, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and β-carotene; the antioxidant activity of astaxanthin is 100 times higher than that of α-tocopherol. penaeus monodon (tiger shrimp) is the largest commercially available shrimp species and its waste is a rich source of carotenoids such as astaxanthin and its esters. the efficient and environment-friendly recovery of astaxanthins was ac ...201425007745
effect of guava leaves on growth and the non-specific immune response of penaeus monodon.guava (psidium guajava l.) leaf extracts have antiviral and antibacterial activity against shrimp pathogens such as yellow-head virus (yhv), white spot syndrome virus (wssv), and vibrio harveyi, which make it a potential water disinfectant for use in shrimp culture. in this study, the safety of guava leaf supplementation in shrimp was evaluated by studying its influence on growth and the non-specific immune response of penaeus monodon. six diets containing different levels of guava leaves (0% [b ...201425010674
type i and type ii crustins from penaeus monodon, genetic variation and antimicrobial activity of the most abundant crustinpm4.an antimicrobial protein, crustin, is involved in the innate immunity of crustacean by defending the host directly against the microbial pathogens. by data mining the penaeus monodon est database, two type i crustins, carcininpm1 and 2, and ten type ii crustins, crustinpm1-10, were identified. the abundant crustins were crustinpm1, 4 and 7, each with variation in the length of gly-rich repeat among its members. a few crustinpm1, 4 and 7 with deletion in the cys-rich region were also observed. fu ...201425016236
melanization reaction products of shrimp display antimicrobial properties against their major bacterial and fungal pathogens.melanization is a rapid defense mechanism in invertebrates. the substrate specificity of phenoloxidases (pos) and the role of melanization reaction products were investigated in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. two pmpos (pmpropo1 and pmpropo2) were found to display a substrate specificity towards monophenols and diphenols, and exhibit relatively weak activity against 5,6-dihydroxyindole (dhi). systemic infection of the pmpropo1/2 co-silenced shrimp with the fungus, fusarium solani, led ...201425043262
expression profiling of wssv orf 199 and shrimp ubiquitin conjugating enzyme in wssv infected penaeus monodon.white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is one of the major viral pathogens affecting shrimp aquaculture. four proteins, wssv199, wssv 222, wssv 249 and wssv 403, from wssv are predicted to encode a ring-h2 domain, which in presence of ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (e2) in shrimp can function as viral e3 ligase and modulate the host ubiquitin proteasome pathway. modulation of host ubiquitin proteasome pathway by viral proteins is implicated in viral pathogenesis. in the present study, a time course expr ...201225049679
the genome and occlusion bodies of marine penaeus monodon nudivirus (pmnv, also known as mbv and pemonpv) suggest that it should be assigned to a new nudivirus genus that is distinct from the terrestrial nudiviruses.penaeus monodon nudivirus (pmnv) is the causative agent of spherical baculovirosis in shrimp (penaeus monodon). this disease causes significant mortalities at the larval stage and early postlarval (pl) stage and may suppress growth and reduce survival and production in aquaculture. the nomenclature and classification status of pmnv has been changed several times due to morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis of its partial genome sequence. in this study, we therefore completed the ge ...201425063321
bdellovibrio and like organisms enhanced growth and survival of penaeus monodon and altered bacterial community structures in its rearing water.in this study, a 96-h laboratory reduction test was conducted with strain bdhsh06 (genbank accession no. ef011103) as the test strain for bdellovibrio and like organisms (balos) and 20 susceptible marine bacterial strains forming microcosms as the targets. the results showed that bdhsh06 reduced the levels of approximately 50% of prey bacterial strains within 96 h in the seawater microcosms. an 85-day black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) rearing experiment was performed. the shrimp survival rate ...201425107962
antiadhesive activity of poly-hydroxy butyrate biopolymer from a marine brevibacterium casei msi04 against shrimp pathogenic vibrios.vibrio pathogens are causative agents of mid-culture outbreaks, and early mortality syndrome and secondary aetiology of most dreadful viral outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture. among the pathogenic vibrios group, vibrio alginolyticus and v. harveyi are considered as the most significant ones in the grow-out ponds of giant black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon in india. use of antibiotics was banned in many countries due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains and accumulation of residual antib ...201425115578
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