Publications

diagnostic parasitology.		1996	8681293
some epidemiologic features of canine neosporosis in denmark.	from a serological survey of 98 dogs, the overall prevalence of subclinical neosporosis among dogs in denmark was estimated as 15.3%. from a questionnaire completed at the time of blood sampling in 87 dogs, it was found that exposure to cats could be a risk factor for the infection in dogs (odds ratio 3.46; 95% confidence limit 1.1-11.4). further, it was shown that the antibody response in a pregnant dog increased markedly during gestation, suggesting that the parasite may be reactivated during ...	1996	8686180
toxocara canis infection in preschool age children: risk factors and the cognitive development of preschool children.	risk factors for toxocara canis (t. canis) infection were evaluated in a prospective study of disadvantaged preschool children. in addition, the hypothesis that t. canis exposure is associated with lower intelligence was tested. seropositivity was tested at 2 years, 3 years, and at 4 years 10 months (4-10). intelligence was measured at age 4-10 by the full scale iq of the wechsler preschool and primary scales of intelligence (wppsi). pica and ownership of a dog were unrelated to seropositivity. ...	1996	8709928
parasitic causes of hepatomegaly in children.	three hundred children with hepatomegaly were selected. they were subjected to full clinical and laboratory examinations. also serum samples were examined to detect igg using elisa against sea, chromatography purified hydatid cyst antigen, commercially available toxoplasma antigen, partially purified adult fasciola antigen and second-stage larvae toxocara canis antigen. ifat was used to detect igg against toxoplasma and t. canis. a commercially available ihat kit for leishmaniasis was used. base ...	1996	8721239
antigenic cross-reactivity in mice between third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex and other nematodes.	we used elisa and immunoblotting to investigate antigenic cross-reactivity in mice between third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex and five other nematodes: the ascaridoids ascaris suum, toxocara canis and hysterothylacium aduncum, and the nonascaridoids trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris. two sera were raised against each species (including a. simplex, but excluding a. suum), by infection or by immunization with somatic antigens. serum against a. suum was raised by immunization only. the r ...	1996	8740558
[hepatic toxocariasis].		1995	8749411
eosinophil peroxidase deficiency in new zealand white mice.	eosinophil peroxidase (epo) is one of the granule enzymes in the eosinophil-specific granules and is distinct from myeloperoxidase. here we report that peroxidase activity was absent in eosinophils of new zealand white (nzw) mice. when nzw, new zealand black and their f1 mice were treated with cyclophosphamide followed by toxocara canis infection, the kinetic changes in the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood, determined by counting in hinkelman's diluting fluid, were almost comparable amo ...	1996	8753841
effect of some parasitic infection on neurotransmitters in the brain of experimentally infected mice before and after treatment.	the effects of some parasitic infection (bilharziasis, toxocariasis and trichinosis) on the brain of experimentally infected mice were investigated. eighty animals were classified into four groups, group i contained five non infected animals as a control group. the other groups each contained twenty-five mice infected with schistosoma mansoni (group ii), toxocara canis (group iii) and trichinella spiralis (group iv). each infected group was divided into two subgroups (a,b). subgroup (a) left unt ...	1996	8754657
[phosphocholine antigens in muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis].	crude t. spiralis larval antigens often cross-react with antibodies to other parasites (for instance toxocara canis) in the elisa test. the crossreactivity of the sera is probably due to the presence of phosphocholine (pc)-specific antibodies to antigens found in the inner layer of the cuticle, in the haemolymph, genital primordium and glycogen aggregates t. spiralis larvae. the anti-pc response following infection with t. spiralis occurs earlier than the antispecific antigens response. the abov ...	1996	8755146
[intestinal geohelminthosis in man and domestic animals in the riverside sections of the valdivia river basin, chile].	in march-october 1987 were analyzed 1295 coprological specimens in a sample of the human population who lives in riverside localities in the valdivia river basin, chile. a 23.6% of examined persons presented infection by one or more helminth species. the prevalence of infection by ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and trichostrongylidae gen. sp. were 15.5, 12.7 and 0.2%, respectively. the prevalence of human ascariosis and trichuriosis were greater in pre-school and school children. the ...	1995	8762668
[chronic urticaria and toxocara canis infection. a case-control study].	the cause of chronic urticaria remains unknown very often. having noted several cases of chronic urticaria associated with antibodies to toxocara canis, and lacking any other explanation, we set-up a case-control study.	1996	8763746
[visceral larva migrans: a mixed form of presentation in an adult. the clinical and laboratory aspects].	we relate a case of an 18-year-old man, resident of xapuri (state of acre, brazil), with a history of repeated episodes of meningoencephalitis (three in one year), each one was examined by a local doctor. in our service (emílio ribas institute of infectology) we observed a patient with polyjoint aches, radiological and bronchoscopic pulmonary alterations (without clinical features), meningeal and brain stem manifestations--with normal brain computed tomography and cerebrospinal fluid. blood eosi ...	1996	8768588
visceral larva migrans.		1995	8772881
toxocara titres in maternal and cord blood.	fifty-two pairs of maternal and cord blood samples were examined for evidence of toxocara canis antibodies. all the mothers in the study delivered normal babies at term. seventeen (33%) of the mothers had toxocara antibody titres of 1:50 or greater. no igm isotype anti-toxocara antibody was detected in the cord blood samples, evidence that transplacental toxocaral infection had not occurred. in the toxocara antibody-positive group it was found that six of 17 mothers (35%) had previously miscarri ...	1996	8793714
ocular toxocariasis.	toxocara canis is a preventable cause of intraocular inflammation and visual loss ... caused by the larvae of toxocara canis usually occurring in children and young adults following accidental ingestion of the larvae from infected dogs. treatment of ocular toxocariasis can include a combination of cryopexy and photocoagulation, with vitrectomy surgery utilized in the more serious cases.	1995	8826357
intestinal helminths of the red fox (vulpes vulpes l.) in galicia (northwest spain).	the intestinal helminth fauna of 201 specimens of vulpes vulpes, captured in galicia (northwest spain), was investigated. eight species were found: toxocara canis (23% of host specimens), toxocara cati (0.5%), toxascaris leonina (1%), uncinaria stenocephala (28%), seuratascaris numidica (0.5%), taenia crassiceps (23%), mesocestoides litteratus (2.5%) and dipylidium caninum (0.5%). we discuss possible relationships between human population density and the prevalence of infection of fox by intesti ...	1995	8834508
[toxocariasis syndrome as a cause of hypereosinophilia].	the study described two cases of toxocariasis characterized by the presence of large numbers of large number of eosinophils. the authors emphasized the fact of necessity to make serologic tests in every patient with hypereosinophilia.	1995	8834662
b cell mitogenic activity of toxocara canis adult worm antigen.	the effect of toxocara (t.) canis antigen (tcag) on lymphocytes was studied in vitro using normal murine spleen cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. tcag prepared from adult worms stimulated murine spleen cells to proliferate at concentrations of 1-125 micrograms/ml. the responder cells tcag are b cells, because the response was depleted by the treatment of spleen cells with anti-immunoglobulin (ig) antibody and complement and after separation on a nylon wool column. this response was n ...	1995	8834760
antigen induced eosinophilia protects gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) against experimental amebic abscess of the liver.	while the normal human eosinophil is destroyed in vitro by virulent entamoeba histolytica, notwithstanding the presence of antibodies and complement, activated eosinophils promptly destroy the parasite even though succumbing in the process as well. to study the possible in vivo participation of eosinophils in invasive amebiasis, we compared the induction of experimental amebic abscess of the liver (eaal) in gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) previously made eosinophilic (532 +/- 80 eosinophils/mm3) ...	1995	8845666
[toxocariasis. a cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis].	the infection by toxocara canis transmitted by dogs (30% of them are infected in our countries) and less frequently by cats lead to larva migrans visceral syndrome with neurological manifestations, ophtalmological affection and various cutaneous manifestations observed in 24% of the extra-ocular infections: chronic urticaria often associated with asthmatic manifestations and chronic rhinitis, angio-oedema or local oedema reaching particularly the eyclid, chronic pruritus associated with lesions ...	1995	8851035
effect of glucan immunomodulator on the immune response and larval burdens in mice with experimental toxocarosis.	glucan immunomodulator, combined with immunoglobulin and zinc (gi), was tested in mice infected with toxocara canis for its effects on the immune response and parasite recovery. infection with 2 500 t. canis eggs per mouse induced a short-term depression of the proliferative response of t cells to phytohemaglutinin from day 35 to a day 49 post infection (p.i.). gi given in two doses at the start of the experiment markedly stimulated and restored cell proliferation at days 21-63 p.i. infection re ...	1996	8856944
seroprevalence of toxocariasis in children and a case of vlm.	an epidemiological study on toxocariasis in children was carried out at our hospital (madrid, spain) in relation with a case of toxocariasis in a child with chronic hypereosinophilia. the study was based on a positive result of the elisa test, using excretory-secretory antigen from toxocara canis. the seroprevalence in children was 1%.	1995	8861856
diagnostic vitrectomy and chronic uveitis.	from the introduction of vitrectomy, infectious endophthalmitis was one of the indications for this surgical technique. vitrectomy was later found to be a valuable method in both diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of chronic uveitis.	1996	8871142
free and bound biotin molecules in helminths: a source of artifacts for avidin biotin-based immunoassays.	the avidin-biotin molecular recognition system is widely used in parasite immunology. however, the presence of biotin and/or biotin-containing molecules (bcms) in samples may lead to erroneous results. in the work reported herein we investigated the extent to which biotin and bcms present in helminth extracts may interfere in avidin/biotin-based immunoassays and developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for quantification of these components. in avidin-based elisa using antinematode ...	1996	8875569
seroprevalence of toxocara infection in middle-class and disadvantaged children in northern spain (gipuzkoa, basque country).	the prevalence of human toxocarosis in disadvantaged socioeconomic population in europe is unknown. in gipuzkoa the seroprevalence in middle-class children 2- to 5-years-old, and 6- to 16-year-olds, was zero (n = 135) and 4.4% (n = 320), respectively. in contrast, among socially and economically disadvantaged children the figures were 37% (n = 27) and 65.7% (n = 64). this high prevalence obliges us to consider toxocarosis as a public health problem.	1996	8905319
experimental congenital toxocariasis: effect on foetal future immune response.	congenital parasitic infections may not lead to any overt clinical effects but could modulate the foetal future immune response to the same parasite depending on whether sensitization or tolerance has occurred in utero. in this study, pregnant female mice were infected with toxocara canis eggs at different gestational age, then the offspring were next challenged with toxocara eggs 6 weeks after birth and their immune response was assessed by estimation of the eosinophilic count and serum ige con ...	1996	8918035
investigations into the prevention of neonatal toxocara canis infections in puppies by application of doramectin to the bitch.	the aim of this investigation was to examine whether the treatment of bitches with doramectin is able to prevent pre-natal and galactogenic infections with toxocara canis in their pups. five experimentally infected beagle bitches were treated subcutaneously with 1 mg doramectin per kg body weight on each of days 40 and 55 of their pregnancy. another infected bitch served as an untreated control. the efficacy of the medication was examined by counting the intestinal stages and somatic larvae in b ...	1996	8919967
ocular toxocariasis in a 36-year-old patient: a case report.	a 36-year-old female presented wit unilateral papillitis, followed by the development of a posterior pole granuloma. a positive elisa-test for toxocara canis with a titer of 1/200 established the diagnosis. the patient was consecutively treated by pars plana vitrectomy and oral corticosteroids.	1995	8936777
mri of cervical cord lesions and their resolution in toxocara canis myelopathy.	we report serial mri findings in a 58-year-old man with cervical cord involvement by toxocara canis, in whom antihelminthic chemotherapy yielded improvement of the neurological deficits and cord lesions seen on mri.	1996	8957808
eosinophilia, il-5 level and recovery of larvae in il-5 transgenic mice infected with toxocara canis.	eosinophil counts, interleukin 5 (il-5) concentrations in peripheral blood and larval recovery after infection with toxocara canis were compared between il-5 transgenic (tg) and nontransgenic counterparts, c3h/hen mice. in tg mice characterized by a constant high level of peripheral eosinophils, eosinophils in peripheral blood fell to the lowest level on day 4 of a t. canis infection and then returned to the preinfection level on day 14. serum il-5 level fell to the lowest level on day 4 of infe ...	1996	8960212
a helminthological survey of wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the metropolitan area of copenhagen.	sixty-eight red foxes were collected from the metropolitan area of copenhagen and examined for helminth infections. standard faecal flotations for intestinal parasites gave the following results: strongyle eggs (75.0%), capillaria eggs (36.8%), toxocara eggs (23.5%), taenia eggs (1.5%), and coccidia oocysts (2.9%). gastrointestinal helminths were collected from 21 of the 68 foxes with the following specimens found: uncinaria stenocephala (85.7%), toxocara canis (81.0%), taenia spp. (38.1%), meso ...	1996	8960222
immunological studies on human larval toxocarosis.	the aim of the study was to characterize the antiparasite humoral response in patients with the syndrome of visceral larval toxocarosis. specific igg, specific ige and total ige immunoglobulins against toxocara canis excretory/secretory antigens (tes) were detected by using elisa technique. antibody response was studied in complete sera as well as in immunoglobulin fractions (igg and ige), isolation of which was performed on protein a sepharose. it was observed that removal of igg from the serum ...	1996	8997532
pulmonary nodules due to toxocara canis infection in an immunocompetent adult.	infection with toxocara canis is well described in the pediatric literature but is reported less commonly in adults. we report a case of t canis infection manifested as abdominal pain with diarrhea, eosinophilia, and diffuse noncavitating nodules in an immunocompetent adult.	1997	9003832
[a case of toxocariasis of the eye].	a case with toxocariasis of the eye is described. the diagnosis was confirmed serologically. vision acuity improved to 100% as a result of treatment. the authors emphasize that toxocariasis should ruled out in all ocular involvements of obscure etiology.	1996	9045495
a serologic study of human toxocariasis in the canary islands (spain): environmental influences.	the presence of anti-toxocara antibodies in the human population of the canarian archipelago was studied by means of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with excretory/secretory antigen of infective-stage larva. a total of 14,074 were analyzed, resulting in the following distribution and prevalence by location: southern tenerife 6,435 (2.5% positive), northern tenerife 1,710 (6.7% positive), la palma 1,214 (4.5% positive), la gomera 264 (6.8% positive), el hierro 204 (3.9% positive), g ...	1997	9063372
a trichuris specific diagnostic antigen from culture fluids of trichuris suis adult worms.	trichuris suis is a nematode parasite of swine which can cause serious pathology in infected pigs, such as anorexia, diarrhea, anemia, and death in heavy infections, especially in young animals. infection with trichuris suis is difficult to diagnose because much of the pathology occurs when only larval stages are present, and because of sporadic egg production by adult female worms. we have isolated a 20 kda excretory/secretory (e/s) glycoprotein from culture fluids of adult worms by column chro ...	1997	9066055
[visceral larva migrans in adults with severe pulmonary manifestations].	toxocariosis, the most frequent cause of visceral larva migrans, is usually a disease of children due to ingestion of eggs from the roundworm of dogs (toxocara canis). clinical expression varies from an symptomatic state to fuminant disorders; hepatomegaly with fever is frequent. severe symptoms (rarely in adults) may occur.	1997	9082413
[acute respiratory insufficiency in parasitic eosinophilic pneumonia].	we report a case of bilateral eosinophilic pneumonia in a 33 year old man. this case developed rapidly into acute respiratory failure and required artificial ventilation. intravenous corticosteroid therapy produced a rapid improvement in the clinical picture. there was hyper-eosinophilia in both the blood and the alveoli which leads to a search for a parasitic aetiology. the different parasitic serologies were negative except for toxocaracanis. the elisa index was strongly positive at 2,597. tre ...	1997	9082509
t-lymphocyte cytokine mrna expression in cystic echinococcosis.	in the present study we investigated cytokine mrna expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with cystic echinococcosis (ce) after stimulation with different antigens. by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) we could demonstrate that restimulation with crude echinococcus granulosus antigen (eg-ag) induced or enhanced th2 cytokine mrna expression, especially il-5 (by using antigen from sheep cyst fluid) in 23 out of 26 investigated ce patients ...	1997	9095287
diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. report of transvitreal surgical removal of a subretinal nematode.	the precise identification of nematodes which cause diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn) has been unsuccessful. shape and size are useful in the initial stages of identification, but histopathologic examination usually is necessary for accurate classification. intact nematodes recovered from patients with dusn have been mentioned scarcely in the literature. the authors report the first case of dusn in which a viable nematode was removed successfully via a transvitreal surgical appro ...	1995	9097745
characterization of eosinophil progenitor cells in feline bone marrow.	to identify eosinophil progenitor cells in feline bone marrow, establishing an assay method to use in studies of eosinophilopoiesis and eosinophilopoietic factors in cats.	1997	9099376
human toxocariasis and the visceral larva migrans syndrome: correlative immunopathology.	the surface of t. canis is now recognized as a dynamic structure which turns over quite rapidly and serves as a renewable source of large quantities of antigen(s). the major host responses to these antigens include a marked eosinophilia and hyperglobulinemia. both of these responses are apparently ineffective at ridding the body of infective larvae. both eosinphils and ige antibodies are manifestations of the th2 subset of t helper cells and the cytokines that they secrete. further, there is rea ...	1997	9103667
[a case of toxocariasis].		1996	9138799
synthesis and nematocidal activity of aralkyl- and aralkenylamides related to piperamide on second-stage larvae of toxocara canis.	seventy-nine aralkyl- and aralkenylamides related to piperamides were synthesized and their nematocidal activity against second-stage larvae of dog roundworm, toxocara canis, was examined. the activity was greatly dependent on the alkyl chain length and the nature of the amine moiety, but was scarcely affected by the presence or absence of double bond(s) in the chain. the alkyl chain lengths which showed the strongest activity in a series of homologues were m = 11 for the pyrrolidine amides and ...	1997	9145505
[toxocara infections in childhood in relation to reactive arthritis].	reactive arthritis belongs to a group of rheumatoid diseases known as seronegative spondylarthritis or spondarthropathies. of many reactive arthritis-evoking agents, the authors focused on larval toxocarosis. the authors describe a child with high anti-toxocara antibody and circulating antigen titres in combination with acute chlamydia infection, which may have caused reactive arthritis in this immunologically impaired organism. this is evidence of the coincidence of different pathological facto ...	1997	9162457
primers for polymerase chain reaction to detect genomic dna of toxocara canis and t. cati.	primers for polymerase chain reaction to amplify genomic dna of both toxocara canis and t. cati were constructed by adapting cloning and sequencing random amplified polymorphic dna. the primers are expected to detect eggs and/or larvae of t. canis and t. cati, both of which are known to cause toxocariasis in humans.	1997	9166443
serological evidence of toxocariasis in patients from spain with a clinical suspicion of visceral larva migrans.	sera from patients with clinical characteristics of toxocariasis were assayed using the elisa method and larval excretory-secretory antigen. four hundred and seven samples of toxocara serology were received at the laboratory of ciudad sanitaria juan canalejo hospital of corunna, spain, from 1984 to 1989. of these, 30 were from adults, 332 from children and 45 from patients of unknown age, resulting in toxocara seroprevalences of 23.3%, 32.8% and 17.7% respectively. the reasons for these serologi ...	1997	9166446
eosinophilia, parasite burden and lung damage in toxocara canis infection in c57bl/6 mice genetically deficient in il-5.	c57bl/6 mice genetically deficient in interleukin (il)-5 (il-5-/-) and mice with the normal il-5 gene (il-5+/+) were infected with embryonated eggs of toxocara canis. il-5+/+ mice developed a marked eosinophilia in their peripheral bloods and bone marrows after infection. in contrast, the number of eosinophils at these sites actually decreased during the acute phase of infection in il-5-/- mice. a smaller number of eosinophils infiltrated the lung, liver, heart and skeletal muscle of infected il ...	1997	9176103
[toxocara canis infection. 2 cases of peripheral granuloma in adults].	we report two cases of toxocariasis peripheral granuloma in adults.	1997	9181135
seroepidemiology of five major zoonotic parasite infections in inhabitants of sidoarjo, east java, indonesia.	we conducted a seroepidemiological survey of zoonotic parasite infection in inhabitants of east java, indonesia. the subjects of the survey were 244 persons selected from visitors to sidoarjo city hospital in east java between may 1992 and october 1993. ninety-seven had diarrhea and the rest came to the hospital for routine check-ups. all serum samples were tested for antibodies against five zoonotic parasites: toxoplasma gondii, entamoeba histolytica, toxocara canis. angiostrongylus cantonensis ...	1996	9185269
toxocara canis (nematoda:ascaridae): the fine structure of the oviduct, oviduct-uterine junction and uterus.	the fine structure of the oviduct, oviduct-uterine junction and uterus of the nematode toxocara canis (werner, 1782) is described. columnar-type epithelioid cells with numerous microvilli at the apical membrane border the oviduct lumen. many electron dense secretory products are present in these cells. the cells lining the oviduct-uterine junction have no microvilli. they are coated with an electron-dense layer and contain numerous membrane-bound dense material containing bodies. externally, the ...	1997	9188174
toxocara canis infection and granulomatous hepatitis.	this report describes possible involvement of toxocara canis in granulomatous hepatitis in three patients who presented with varied clinical features; two were being treated for other diagnoses until toxocara serology became available. despite initial nonspecific therapy, there was clinical improvement in all patients and complete resolution of symptoms and abnormal liver biochemistry in two. t. canis infection should be considered in cases of granulomatous hepatitis.	1997	9219807
prevalence of intestinal nematodes of dogs and cats in the netherlands.	faecal samples from 272 dogs and 236 cats from dutch households were examined for nematode eggs. toxocara eggs were found in 8 dogs (2.9%) and 11 cats (4.7%). toxascaris eggs were found in 1 dog (0.4%) and trichuris eggs in 2 dogs (0.7%). examination of faeces from 56 stray cats revealed toxocara in 12 cases (21%) and toxascaris eggs in 3 cases (5.4%). no hookworm eggs were found. the percentage of positive samples was significantly higher in young animals than in older animals. toxocara eggs we ...	1997	9225423
[acute pericarditis in childhood. the 9-year experience of a tertiary referral center].	sixteen children, aged 7 months to 12 years, with acute pericarditis, admitted between 1985 and 1993 to a tertiary referral centre were analyzed retrospectively for their presentation, etiology, work-up, management and prognosis. it was found that most of the presenting signs were not specific and were often related to associated diseases such as respiratory tract infections. in 50% of the cases a cause was not found, the others had viral infections (12.5%), tuberculosis (12.5%), haemophilus inf ...	1997	9235847
[human toxocariasis: biology of the parasite and current diagnostic possibilities].		1996	9244468
immunological characteristics and localization of the trichinella spiralis glutathione s-transferase.	trichinella spiralis glutathione s-transferase (tsgst) was isolated from crude extracts of l1 larvae by glutathione-affinity chromatography. two closely migrating polypeptides with molecular masses of 28.5 and 28 kda were identified by electrophoresis. three isoforms of pi 5.6, 5.8, and 6.0 were detected by isoelectric focusing. purified tsgst showed a low transferase activity as measured with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene; glutathione peroxidase activity was also demonstrated using cumene hydrope ...	1997	9267403
variation in the larval recovery of toxocara canis from the murine brain: implications for behavioural studies.	the migratory pathway of toxocara canis larvae was determined by infecting mice with a low, medium or high dose of embryonated t. canis eggs and determining numbers of larvae present in the brain, liver, lungs, kidneys and muscle on days 5, 14 and 26 post infection. variation was seen in the numbers of larvae recorded in the organs of mice which had received the same number of eggs and were at the same stage of infection. this variation was particularly marked in the brain indicating that, for t ...	1997	9271474
[clinical course and treatment of toxocariasis in children].	toxocariasis is a parasitic disease. larvae of toxocara canis, as intra-tissular parasites, can survive in human organism for 10 years. clinical symptoms depend on massiveness of infection, organ localisation and defensive reactions of patients. 74 children were observed (in age from 1 year 8 months to 15 years). 70% of them had intraocular lesions which is the most serious complication of toxocariasis. larva of t. canis is neurotropic. eeg revealed abnormalities in 73% of patients. the diagnosi ...	1996	9273224
[toxocara canis (nematoda) and toxocariasis of animals and humans].	some aspects of dog toxocarosis and syndrome of visceral larva migrans in human toxocarosis, particularly in children were presented. in detail the morphological characters and biology of toxocara canis, its pathogenicity, ways of invasions as well as conditions favouring the spreading of parasites were discussed. attention was paid to the efficacy of diagnosis of invasions, treatment and prophylaxis. the current toxocarosis threat was analysed and epidemiological prognosis was moved forward.	1997	9289925
long-term survey on intestinal nematode and cestode infections in stray puppies ibaraki prefecture.	we conducted the survey on intestinal nematode, mainly toxocara canis, and cestode infections in stray puppies aged less than 5 months in ibaraki prefecture for 8 years from 1988 to 1995. the rate of t. canis infection stayed almost unchanged for the 8 years and ranged from 72.2 to 85.4%. of the total 916 dogs, 732 (79.9%) harboured with t. canis. the average rates of other helminthic infections showed 24.6 (diphylidium caninum), 2.5 (trichuris vulpis), 1.2 (ancylostoma caninum) and 0.7% (spirom ...	1997	9300373
[toxocariasis: a case report].	the authors present a case of infestation by toxocara canis occurring in a eighteen months' child. a first time he was hospitalised for wheezing, reported hypereosinophilia and a thoracic x-ray with a soften congestion in the right lung's base. two months later he was admitted to hospital for the persistence of high level of eosinocyte. the clinical tests and the patient's history explain the first symptoms like the passage of the toxocara's larvae in the lungs, but don't justify the anomalous b ...	1997	9312752
[long-term observations of ocular toxocariasis in children and youth].	to evaluate the clinical status and elisa test changes in a group of children with ocular toxocariasis.	1996	9340420
aspects of toxocara epidemiology: human toxocarosis.	toxocarosis is the clinical disease in man caused by infection of zoonotic roundworms of dogs and cats, toxocara canis and t. cati. in this review the mode of transmission to the human by oral ingestion of toxocara eggs from the environment is discussed. t. cati seems to play a more important role than generally suggested. direct contact with animals is not considered a potential risk because embryonation of excreted toxocara ova requires a minimum of 2 weeks. for the same reason there is no rel ...	1997	9347221
aspects of toxocara epidemiology: toxocarosis in dogs and cats.	toxocara canis and toxocara cati are common roundworms of dogs and cats. in this review the life cycles of these parasites are described, including the various routes of transmission, such as transplacental, transmammary infection, and infection through paratenic hosts. the somatic and tracheal migration in the body of the hosts after infection with toxocara eggs or larvae is discussed, with special reference to age resistance and differences between dog and cat. the clinical symptoms and pathol ...	1997	9347222
recidivous acute urticaria caused by anisakis simplex.	this study aimed to determine the cause of acute recidivous urticaria in patients who usually eat fish or other seafood. twenty-five patients were studied. the skin prick test with larval anisakis simplex extract was performed; total and specific ige against a. simplex was measured with the cap system; specific antibodies to a. simplex were determined by elisa; and immunorecognition patterns of the sera were studied by western blot. nineteen patients showed specific ige to a. simplex, but specif ...	1997	9360749
monoclonal antibodies multireactive with parasite antigens produced by hybridomas generated from naive mice.	hybridoma clones producing igm naturally occurring (natural) antibodies were generated from naive balb/c mice and characterized for reactivity against parasite antigens. ascites of mice injected with these hybridomas reacted with toxoplasma gondii soluble antigen at levels approximately 1000-10,000 times higher than serum pooled from mice used for generating hybridomas as determined by a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. western blot analysis indicated that these monoclonal antibod ...	1997	9364565
human toxocara infection of the central nervous system and neurological disorders: a case-control study.	infection with toxocara canis is a common world-wide human helminthiasis, which rarely elicits central nervous system (cns) impairment. a case-control study to investigate this discrepancy was carried out, in which the cases were 27 adult neurological inpatients for whom a definite aetiological diagnosis was lacking, and for whom positive immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis had been obtained, both in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and in serum. two control groups were used. controls were adult inpatients ...	1997	9368905
pcr-based methods for identification of potentially zoonotic ascaridoid parasites of the dog, fox and cat.	genomic dna was extracted from ascaridoid nematodes collected from dogs, foxes and cats. a region spanning the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) of the ribosomal dna of each sample was amplified by pcr. representative its-2 products for each nematode species (toxocara canis, toxocara cati and toxascaris leonina) were sequenced. restriction sites were identified for use as genetic markers in a pcr-linked rflp assay. the three species could be differentiated from each other and from other ...	1997	9386794
presence of anti-toxocara antibodies in children selected at hospital universitário, campo grande, ms, brazil.		1997	9394537
toxocara canis.		1997	9403814
[the seroepidemiology of toxocariasis in an opisthorchiasis focus in the western siberian region].	seroprevalence to toxocara antigens was studied among novosibirsk inhabitants and a focus of toxocariasis was found in the southern regions of west siberia. analyzing the sera of opisthorchiasis patients revealed antibodies to toxocara antigens, with high titers (1:800 or more) in 1.80% of cases. immunoblotting of these sera and those from patients with toxocariasis and opisthorchiasis, which were seropositive in one of the above helminths showed that there were mixed human infections with toxoc ...	1997	9445989
[long-term results of vitrectomy in children and adolescents].	assessment of vitrectomy in the treatment of children and adolescents.	1997	9456561
prevalence of toxocara canis antibody among children with bronchial asthma in klang hospital, malaysia.		1997	9463657
[helminth fauna of red foxes (vulpes vulpes linne 1758) in southern saxony--2: nematodes].	between january 1993 and november 1994 a total of 1300 red foxes from the administrative districts halle and dessau were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine. the following nematodes were found: toxocara canis (26.5%), toxascaris leonina (10.5%), uncinaria stenocephala (15.9%) ancylostoma caninum (1.7%). the search for trichinella spp. larvae was negative in all 780 examined foxes.	1997	9471417
nematode infections in dog breeding kennels in the netherlands, with special reference to toxocara.	faecal samples from 286 adult dogs and 159 pups and dust and soil samples from 32 dog breeding kennels in the netherlands were examined for nematode eggs. dogs that shed nematode eggs were found in 41% of the kennels. the kennel prevalence of nematode infection of adult dogs was 33%. the kennel prevalence for infection of adult dogs and pups with nematode species was 21% and 48% for toxocara canis, respectively, 29% and 0% for trichuris vulpis, and 20% and 0% for toxascaris leonina. kennels with ...	1998	9477528
the significance of hepatic lesions associated with small adrenocortical tumours in childhood.	small adrenocortical tumours in children are rarely associated with hepatic pathology. we present two case reports of children with hepatic pathology associated with small adrenal tumours on computed tomography. one child had multiple granulomatous lesions due to toxocariasis and the other had focal nodular hyperplasia. hepatic lesions seen in association with small adrenal tumours in childhood may represent coincidental rather than metastatic pathology.	1997	9486055
production of eosinophil chemotactic factor by cd8+ t-cells in toxocara canis-infected mice.	production of eosinophil chemotactic factor by t-lymphocytes (ecf-l) was examined in toxocara canis-infected mice. when spleen cells from t. canis-infected mice were cultured in serum-free rpmi1640, ecf-l production was detectable in an antigen-specific manner. the ecf-l production peaked at day 9 post-infection and then decreased. depletion of thy 1.2+ cells or cd8+ cells completely abrogated ecf-l production, whereas depletion of cd4+ cells did not, indicating that cd8+ t-cells are involved in ...	1998	9493213
effect of ozone treatment on toxocara canis eggs.	the effect of ozone treatment on the development and viability of toxocara canis eggs was studied. despite treatment with ozone, unembryonated t. canis eggs could develop into viable second-stage larvae when assayed by larvae recovery after oral inoculation into mice. the viability of second stage larvae of t. canis was also not affected by ozone treatment. no significant difference was observed in the larvae recovery count and migratory pattern of the ozone-treated larvae and the untreated cont ...	1998	9524939
toxocariasis and wells' syndrome: a causal relationship?	the etiology of wells' syndrome or eosinophilic cellulitis is unknown. various triggering factors, such as myeloproliferative disorders, lymphoma, infections/infestations, insect bites and drugs have been reported. in 1979, wells was the first who pointed out some common features of eosinophilic cellulitis and skin lesions in toxocariasis.	1997	9529550
use of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of toxocariasis: an experimental study.	in this paper we report the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction technique in the diagnosis of visceral larva migrans in a mouse model. liver samples obtained from two set of experimentally infected mice (10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 embryonated toxocara canis eggs per mouse) along with the eggs of t. canis, t. cati and ascaris suum were included in this study. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed using toxocara primers (sb12). the first pcr product electrophoresis revealed very thin po ...	1997	9561605
toxocara canis infection in the paratenic host: a study on the chemosusceptibility of the somatic larvae in mice.	a research on formulation and dosage strategies of anthelmintics have been conducted in mice experimentally infected with eggs of toxocara canis. multidose treatments commenced at days 2, 14, 81, 87 and 123 postinfection. results indicated no detectable difference in the chemosusceptibility of the migrating early infection larvae and the resting hypobiotic chronic infection larvae. application of medicated dry food (pellets) may be a simple way of improving efficacy of treatment compared to oral ...	1998	9561710
anthelmintic efficacy of oxibendazole against some important nematodes in dogs and cats.	the anthelmintic efficacy and safety of the oxibendazole component in a combination oxibendazole-niclosamide paste were investigated in dogs and cats and in litters of pups with naturally acquired nematode infections. a single dose of 15 mg oxibendazole/kg body weight given to 70 dogs and to 29 cats reduced faecal worm egg counts (epg) by 97.6% for toxocara canis, 95.7% for trichuris vulpis, 94.6% for ancylostoma caninum, and 100% for toxascaris leonina. in cats, 96.7% efficacy was demonstrated ...	1998	9563164
antistriational antibodies during toxocara canis, trichinella spiralis infections.	the parasitic infections (toxocara can is, trichinella spiralis) are characterized by general and local symptoms including fever, muscle pain and swelling. the question was asked whether the muscle changes that occur due to larva migrans give rise to the autoimmune response. the presence of antistriational antibodies (astrabs) was determined in the following groups of patients: group 1--66 patients with toxocariasis and the presence of anti-toxocara antibodies, group 2--22 patients suspected of ...	1998	9611680
[ocular toxocariasis in austria].	two women (aged 21 and 44 years) were referred because of a suspect retinal lesion. an ophthalmological examination in both revealed prominent retinal granulomatous foci, probably ocular toxocariasis. both women were otherwise well; both reported close contact with dogs.	1998	9627571
detection of sequence variation in parasite ribosomal dna by electrophoresis in agarose gels supplemented with a dna-intercalating agent.	this study evaluated the use of a commercially available dna intercalating agent (resolver gold) in agarose gels for the direct detection of sequence variation in ribosomal dna (rdna). this agent binds preferentially to at sequence motifs in dna. regions of nuclear rdna, known to provide genetic markers for the identification of species of parasitic ascarid nematodes (order ascaridida), were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and subjected to electrophoresis in standard agarose gels ve ...	1998	9629896
[vegetables for human consumption as probable source of toxocara sp. infection in man].	although toxocara canis life cycle is known, other possible mechanisms dynamically involved in its transmission to man are still ignored. the object of the present investigation was to search the occurrence of toxocara sp. eggs in vegetables which humans consume. five hundred and thirty six vegetables from a supply distribution center in mexico city (distrito federal) were examined. those included 212 carrots, 76 potatoes, 31 radishes, 22 mushrooms, 27 lettuces, 20 sweet potatoes and 66 bundles ...	1997	9640678
profound suppression of cellular proliferation mediated by the secretions of nematodes.	loss of t lymphocyte proliferation and the emergence of a host response that is dominated by a th2-type profile are well-established features of human filarial infection. down-regulation and modulation of host t cell responses during lymphatic filariasis has been investigated by implantation of parasite stages into inbred mice. adherent peritoneal exudate cells (pec) from mice transplanted with adult or larval brugia malayi parasites are profoundly anti-proliferative but do not prevent antigen-s ...	1998	9651925
the relationship between numbers of larvae recovered from the brain of toxocara canis-infected mice and social behaviour and anxiety in the host.	the effect of the nematode toxocara canis on social behaviour and anxiety levels of adult male outbred (laca) mice was examined following infection with a single dose of 2000 ova. the actual number of larvae recovered from the brain of each individual mouse was determined after behavioural testing. the effect of the parasite on mouse behaviour was analysed by both the initial dose administered (i.e. infected versus control) and the degree of infection in the brain. there was substantial variatio ...	1998	9651941
toxocara infections in dogs and cats and public health implications.		1998	9652034
characterisation of tc-cpl-1, a cathepsin l-like cysteine protease from toxocara canis infective larvae.	cysteine proteases play vital biological roles in both intracellular and extracellular environments. a cysteine protease migrating at 30 kda was identified in somatic extracts of toxocara canis larvae (tex), by its binding to the biotinylated inhibitor phe-ala-ch2f. tex proteases readily cleaved the cathepsin l- and b-specific peptide substrate z-phe-arg-amc and to a lesser extent, the cathepsin b-specific peptide z-arg-arg-amc. excretory/secretory (tes) products of t. canis larvae did not cleav ...	1998	9657332
cross-reactions between toxocara canis and ascaris suum in the diagnosis of visceral larva migrans by western blotting technique.	visceral larva migrans (vlm) is a clinical syndrome caused by infection of man by toxocara spp, the common roundworm of dogs and cats. tissue migration of larval stages causes illness specially in children. because larvae are difficult to detect in tissues, diagnosis is mostly based on serology. after the introduction of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using the larval excretory-secretory antigen of t. canis (tes), the diagnosis specificity was greatly improved although cross-react ...	1997	9661302
incidence of patent toxocara canis infection in bitches during the oestrous cycle.	the incidence of patent toxocara canis infection as result of reactivation of somatic larvae with subsequent tracheal migration was investigated by faecal examination during 23 oestrous cycles of 15 bitches. blood samples were collected for determination of total and differential leukocyte counts, prolactin concentration, and toxocara titre. five pregnant dogs were used as controls. in the cyclic dogs there were no alterations in white blood cell counts or prolactin concentration, in contrast wi ...	1998	9684299
an epidemiological survey of echinococcus granulosus and other helminths in animal populations in northern israel.	in a survey carried out during the period may 1995 to november 1996, in communities of various ethnic groups in northern israel, 206 dogs were examined for echinococcus granulosus and other intestinal helminth parasites by arecoline hydrobromide purges and the coproantigen-elisa. the arecoline test was performed close to the owners' homes, using plastic sheets secured to the ground. from 56 dogs examined in the muslim town of tamra, six (10.7%) were found to be infected with e. granulosus. four ...	1998	9687593
a novel method for the recovery of toxocara canis in mice.	acid-isolating and acid digestion techniques were used to recover the larvae of t. canis from the tissues of mice and the acid-isolating technique in particular proved to be an effective method.	1998	9687601
[circulating immune complexes, general ige and specific ige antibodies in toxocariasis patients].		1998	9691618
[the interrelation of toxocara invasion with bronchial asthma].		1998	9691624
single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp)-based mutation scanning approaches to fingerprint sequence variation in ribosomal dna of ascaridoid nematodes.	in this study, we assessed single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp)-based approaches for their capacity to fingerprint sequence variation in ribosomal dna (rdna) of ascaridoid nematodes of veterinary and/or human health significance. the second internal transcribed spacer region (its-2) of rdna was utilised as the target region because it is known to provide species-specific markers for this group of parasites. its-2 was amplified by pcr from genomic dna derived from individual parasites a ...	1998	9694283
immune responses of il-5 transgenic mice to parasites and aeroallergens.	eosinophils have long been thought to be effectors of immunity to helminths but have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. patterns of cytokine production in the host may influence the pathogenesis of these diseases by regulating the activities of eosinophils and other components of the immune response. mice which constitutively over-express il-5 have profound and life-long eosinophilia in a restricted number of tissues. although eosinophils from il-5 transgenics are functionally c ...	1997	9698915
the enigmatic eosinophil: investigation of the biological role of eosinophils in parasitic helminth infection.	in many helminth infected hosts the number of eosinophils increases dramatically, often without any concurrent increases in the number of other leukocytes, so that eosinophils become the dominant cell type. many experimental investigations have shown that the eosinophilia is induced by interleukin-5 (il-5) but its functional significance remains unclear. mice genetically deficient in il-5 (il-5-/-) have been used to evaluate the functional consequences of the il-5 dependent eosinophilia in helmi ...	1997	9698920
cytokines in the modulation of eosinophilia.	in this review we discuss our recently results showing interleukin 5 (il-5) involvement in eosinophil migration and in the maintenance of eosinophilia in blood, bone marrow, lung and peritoneal cavity, in a visceral larva migrans syndrome model using guinea-pigs infected with toxocara canis. we also describe the sequential release of tnf-alpha and il-8 during the course of infection. finally we propose a biological role for il-5, at least in our model, as a modulator of il-8 release and secretio ...	1997	9698922