Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| reproduction numbers in malaria and their implications. | the malariologist lewis wendell hackett famously observed that, "like chess, (malaria) is played with a few pieces, but is capable of an infinite variety of situations". this paper discusses one such piece, the red queen. red queen phenomena arise when an intensification of effort leads to a need for further intensification to maintain the new status quo. such phenomena represent dangers for current strategies to combat the disease. understanding reproduction numbers is key to understanding thes ... | 2012 | 21996375 |
| expertise modulates the neural basis of context dependent recognition of objects and their relations. | recognition of objects and their relations is necessary for orienting in real life. we examined cognitive processes related to recognition of objects, their relations, and the patterns they form by using the game of chess. chess enables us to compare experts with novices and thus gain insight in the nature of development of recognition skills. eye movement recordings showed that experts were generally faster than novices on a task that required enumeration of relations between chess objects beca ... | 2012 | 21998070 |
| treatment with the glucocorticoid antagonist ru486 reduces cooperative cleaning visits of a common reef fish, the lined bristletooth. | cooperation often involves a conflict of interest. this is particularly true in situations where one individual seeks out a service but cannot properly control the quality of the service given by the partner who would gain from defecting. an example is cleaning mutualism involving the bluestreak cleaner wrasse (labroides dimidiatus) and its reef-fish 'clients'. these cleaners may reduce the stress experienced by their clients by removing parasites; however they occasionally cheat clients (i.e. d ... | 2012 | 22001873 |
| creating a bond between caregivers online: effect on caregivers' coping strategies. | numerous studies have investigated the effect of interactive cancer communication systems (iccss) on system users' improvements in psychosocial status. research in this area, however, has focused mostly on cancer patients, rather than on caregivers, and on the direct effects of iccss on improved outcomes, rather than on the psychological mechanisms of iccs effects. to understand the underlying mechanisms, this study examines the mediating role of perceived caregiver bonding in the relation betwe ... | 2012 | 22004055 |
| do not fear your opponent: suboptimal changes of a prevention strategy when facing stronger opponents. | the time spent making a decision and its quality define a widely studied trade-off. some models suggest that the time spent is set to optimize reward, as verified empirically in simple-decision making experiments. however, in a more complex perspective compromising components of regulation focus, ambitions, fear, risk and social variables, adjustment of the speed-accuracy trade-off may not be optimal. specifically, regulatory focus theory shows that people can be set in a promotion mode, where f ... | 2012 | 22004170 |
| the use of genes for performance enhancement: doping or therapy? | recent biotechnological advances have permitted the manipulation of genetic sequences to treat several diseases in a process called gene therapy. however, the advance of gene therapy has opened the door to the possibility of using genetic manipulation (gm) to enhance athletic performance. in such 'gene doping', exogenous genetic sequences are inserted into a specific tissue, altering cellular gene activity or leading to the expression of a protein product. the exogenous genes most likely to be u ... | 2011 | 22030863 |
| the importance of challenge for the enjoyment of intrinsically motivated, goal-directed activities. | although early interview-based analyses of the enjoyment of intrinsically motivated, goal-directed activities (e.g., chess, rock climbing, art making) suggested the importance of relatively difficult, "optimal" challenges, subsequent findings derived from a wider range of activities have not provided consistent support for this proposition. two studies were conducted to clarify the relation between challenge and enjoyment. study 1 focused on a single activity-internet chess. the importance of ch ... | 2012 | 22067510 |
| measuring chess experts' single-use sequence knowledge: an archival study of departure from 'theoretical' openings. | the respective roles of knowledge and search have received considerable attention in the literature on expertise. however, most of the evidence on knowledge has been indirect--e.g., by inferring the presence of chunks in long-term memory from performance in memory recall tasks. here we provide direct estimates of the amount of monochrestic (single use) and rote knowledge held by chess players of varying skill levels. from a large chess database, we analyzed 76,562 games played in 2008 by individ ... | 2011 | 22110590 |
| cultural differences in use of an electronic discussion group. | this article describes how 121 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer used a computer mediated discussion group to cope with their diagnosis. these data are part of a larger data set from a randomized clinical trial assessing the impact of a computer-based system called chess (the comprehensive health enhancement support system) on health outcomes. the larger study found significant improvement in health outcomes for those in the experimental group (those receiving chess), especially for women ... | 2003 | 22113904 |
| chess expertise and the fusiform face area: why it matters. | 2011 | 22114259 | |
| the dark side of creativity: original thinkers can be more dishonest. | creativity is a common aspiration for individuals, organizations, and societies. here, however, we test whether creativity increases dishonesty. we propose that a creative personality and a creative mindset promote individuals' ability to justify their behavior, which, in turn, leads to unethical behavior. in 5 studies, we show that participants with creative personalities tended to cheat more than less creative individuals and that dispositional creativity is a better predictor of unethical beh ... | 2012 | 22121888 |
| internet addiction and antisocial internet behavior of adolescents. | internet addiction and the moral implication of antisocial internet behavior will be investigated in this paper. more and more people use the internet in their daily life. unfortunately the percentage of people who use the internet excessively also increases. the concept of internet addiction or pathological use of internet is discussed in detail, and the characteristics of internet addicts are also delineated. the social (especially the antisocial) use of internet is discussed. it is argued tha ... | 2011 | 22125466 |
| experimental loss-tolerant quantum coin flipping. | coin flipping is a cryptographic primitive in which two distrustful parties wish to generate a random bit to choose between two alternatives. this task is impossible to realize when it relies solely on the asynchronous exchange of classical bits: one dishonest player has complete control over the final outcome. it is only when coin flipping is supplemented with quantum communication that this problem can be alleviated, although partial bias remains. unfortunately, practical systems are subject t ... | 2011 | 22127057 |
| the effect of a computer-based intervention on adult children of alcoholics. | people who grow up with a family member who has a substance use disorder (sud) are at risk for serious problems, and yet support for family members focuses mainly on the individual with the sud. technology may offer a way to make support widely available to family members of those with suds. this small randomized trial examined an online system of resources called chess (comprehensive health enhancement support system) for adult children of alcoholics (acoas), a population at greater risk for su ... | 2012 | 22227576 |
| conclusive quantum steering with superconducting transition-edge sensors. | quantum steering allows two parties to verify shared entanglement even if one measurement device is untrusted. a conclusive demonstration of steering through the violation of a steering inequality is of considerable fundamental interest and opens up applications in quantum communication. to date, all experimental tests with single-photon states have relied on post selection, allowing untrusted devices to cheat by hiding unfavourable events in losses. here we close this 'detection loophole' by co ... | 2012 | 22233635 |
| parallel excitation for b-field insensitive fat-saturation preparation. | multichannel transmission has the potential to improve many aspects of mri through a new paradigm in excitation. in this study, multichannel transmission is used to address the effects that variations in b(0) homogeneity have on fat-saturation preparation through the use of the frequency, phase, and amplitude degrees of freedom afforded by independent transmission channels. b(1) homogeneity is intrinsically included via use of coil sensitivities in calculations. a new method, parallel excitation ... | 2012 | 22247080 |
| development and evaluation of low cost game-based balance rehabilitation tool using the microsoft kinect sensor. | the use of the commercial video games as rehabilitation tools, such as the nintendo wiifit, has recently gained much interest in the physical therapy arena. motion tracking controllers such as the nintendo wiimote are not sensitive enough to accurately measure performance in all components of balance. additionally, users can figure out how to "cheat" inaccurate trackers by performing minimal movement (e.g. wrist twisting a wiimote instead of a full arm swing). physical rehabilitation requires ac ... | 2011 | 22254685 |
| reduced caudate volume and enhanced striatal-dmn integration in chess experts. | the superior capability of chess experts largely depends on quick automatic processing skills which are considered to be mediated by the caudate nucleus. we asked whether continued practice or rehearsal of the skill over a long period of time can lead to structural changes in this region. we found that, comparing to novice controls, grandmaster and master level chinese chess players (gm/ms), who had a mean period of over 10years of tournament and training practice, exhibited significant smaller ... | 2012 | 22270350 |
| automatic chessboard detection for intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameter calibration. | there are increasing applications that require precise calibration of cameras to perform accurate measurements on objects located within images, and an automatic algorithm would reduce this time consuming calibration procedure. the method proposed in this article uses a pattern similar to that of a chess board, which is found automatically in each image, when no information regarding the number of rows or columns is supplied to aid its detection. this is carried out by means of a combined analys ... | 2010 | 22294912 |
| how to cheat when you cannot lie? deceit pollination in begonia gracilis. | mimicry between rewarding and non-rewarding flowers within individuals has been accepted as a strategy favored by selection to deceive pollinators. it has been proposed that this mechanism relies on the exploitation of pollinator's sensory biases, but field evidence is still scarce. in this study, we describe the mechanism of deceit pollination in the monoecious herb begonia gracilis, a species with exposed rewarding structures (pollen) and intersexual mimicry. specifically, we test the role of ... | 2012 | 22302510 |
| [eye pathology in the paintings by georges de la tour (iii). strabismus: the cheat with ace of diamonds]. | 2012 | 22341364 | |
| suppressive competition: how sounds may cheat sight. | in this issue of neuron, iurilli et al. (2012) demonstrate that auditory cortex activation directly engages local gabaergic circuits in v1 to induce sound-driven hyperpolarizations in layer 2/3 and layer 6 pyramidal neurons. thereby, sounds can directly suppress v1 activity and visual driven behavior. | 2012 | 22365538 |
| higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior. | seven studies using experimental and naturalistic methods reveal that upper-class individuals behave more unethically than lower-class individuals. in studies 1 and 2, upper-class individuals were more likely to break the law while driving, relative to lower-class individuals. in follow-up laboratory studies, upper-class individuals were more likely to exhibit unethical decision-making tendencies (study 3), take valued goods from others (study 4), lie in a negotiation (study 5), cheat to increas ... | 2012 | 22371585 |
| cytokine-based therapy in psoriasis. | psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are chronic inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology, affecting 2-3% of the world population. initially, psoriasis was thought to be a hyper-proliferation disorder of keratinocytes only, but as time passed, the role of immune system became more evident and now both diseases are considered autoimmune disorders. in last few years, the discovery of interleukin (il)-23/th17 axis in pathophysiology of psoriatic diseases shifts the cytokine paradigm from th1 to th17 ... | 2013 | 22426927 |
| large-scale brain networks in board game experts: insights from a domain-related task and task-free resting state. | cognitive performance relies on the coordination of large-scale networks of brain regions that are not only temporally correlated during different tasks, but also networks that show highly correlated spontaneous activity during a task-free state. both task-related and task-free network activity has been associated with individual differences in cognitive performance. therefore, we aimed to examine the influence of cognitive expertise on four networks associated with cognitive task performance: t ... | 2012 | 22427852 |
| predictors of caregiver distress among palliative home care clients in ontario: evidence based on the interrai palliative care. | this study examines predictors of caregiver distress among community-based palliative care clients. analyses are based upon interrai palliative care (interrai pc) assessment data from palliative home care programs in three regions in ontario, canada. | 2012 | 22436557 |
| can simpson's paradox explain co-operation in pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms? | co-operative behaviours, such as the production of public goods, are commonly displayed by bacteria in biofilms and can enhance their ability to survive in environmental or clinical settings. non-co-operative cheats commonly arise and should, theoretically, disrupt co-operative behaviour. its stability therefore requires explanation, but no mechanisms to suppress cheating within biofilms have yet been demonstrated experimentally. theoretically, repeated aggregation into groups, interleaved with ... | 2012 | 22469426 |
| the symmetry of self mutilation and the chess board pattern. | 2013 | 22528020 | |
| is chess the drosophila of artificial intelligence? a social history of an algorithm. | since the mid 1960s, researchers in computer science have famously referred to chess as the 'drosophila' of artificial intelligence (ai). what they seem to mean by this is that chess, like the common fruit fly, is an accessible, familiar, and relatively simple experimental technology that nonetheless can be used productively to produce valid knowledge about other, more complex systems. but for historians of science and technology, the analogy between chess and drosophila assumes a larger signifi ... | 2012 | 22530382 |
| the role of intuition and deliberative thinking in experts' superior tactical decision-making. | current theories argue that human decision making is largely based on quick, automatic, and intuitive processes that are occasionally supplemented by slow controlled deliberation. researchers, therefore, predominantly studied the heuristics of the automatic system in everyday decision making. our study examines the role of slow deliberation for experts who exhibit superior decision-making outcomes in tactical chess problems with clear best moves. our study uses advanced computer software to meas ... | 2012 | 22541584 |
| the development of an ehealth tool suite for prostate cancer patients and their partners. | ehealth resources for people facing health crises must balance the expert knowledge and perspective of developers and clinicians against the very different needs and perspectives of prospective users. this formative study explores the information and support needs of posttreatment prostate cancer patients and their partners as a way to improve an existing ehealth information and support system called chess (comprehensive health enhancement support system). | 2017 | 22591675 |
| impact of pediatric epilepsy on sleep patterns and behaviors in children and parents. | disrupted sleep patterns in children with epilepsy and their parents are commonly described clinically. a number of studies have shown increased frequency of sleep disorders among pediatric epilepsy patients; however, few have characterized the association between epilepsy and parental sleep quality and household sleeping arrangements. the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of pediatric epilepsy on child sleep, parental sleep and fatigue, and parent-child sleeping arrangements, incl ... | 2012 | 22594377 |
| the direct and ecological costs of an ant-plant symbiosis. | how strong is selection for cheating in mutualisms? the answer depends on the type and magnitude of the costs of the mutualism. here we investigated the direct and ecological costs of plant defense by ants in the association between cordia nodosa, a myrmecophytic plant, and allomerus octoarticulatus, a phytoecious ant. cordia nodosa trees produce food and housing to reward ants that protect them against herbivores. for nearly 1 year, we manipulated the presence of a. octoarticulatus ants and mos ... | 2012 | 22617264 |
| thieves or mutualists? pulp feeders enhance endozoochore local recruitment. | the persistence of mutualisms despite the strong incidence of exploiters could be explained if exploiters deny one or more services (i.e., cheat) while eventually supplying some subtler but critical services. pulp feeders usually ingest fruit reward without dispersing seeds and thus are considered to be mainly cheaters or thieves of seed-disperser mutualisms. by consuming the fruit pulp, however, they could release seeds from pulp inhibitory effect, enhancing germination and, potentially, subseq ... | 2012 | 22624212 |
| fathers see stronger family resemblances than non-fathers in unrelated children's faces. | even after they have taken all reasonable measures to decrease the probability that their spouses cheat on them, men still face paternal uncertainty. such uncertainty can lead to paternal disinvestment, which reduces the children's probability to survive and reproduce, and thus the reproductive success of the fathers themselves. a theoretical model shows that, other things being equal, men who feel confident that they have fathered their spouses' offspring tend to enjoy greater fitness (i.e., le ... | 2012 | 22695644 |
| combination of chemical suppression techniques for dual suppression of fat and silicone at diffusion-weighted mr imaging in women with breast implants. | silicone breast prostheses prove technically challenging when performing diffusion-weighted mr imaging in the breasts. we describe a combined fat and chemical suppression scheme to achieve dual suppression of fat and silicone, thereby improving the quality of diffusion-weighted images in women with breast implants. | 2012 | 22706913 |
| it pays to cheat: tactical deception in a cephalopod social signalling system. | signals in intraspecific communication should be inherently honest; otherwise the system is prone to collapse. theory predicts, however, that honest signalling systems are susceptible to invasion by cheats, the extent of which is largely mediated by fear of reprisal. cuttlefish facultatively change their shape and colour, an ability that evolved to avoid predators and capture prey. here, we show that this ability is tactically employed by male mourning cuttlefish (sepia plangon) to mislead consp ... | 2012 | 22764112 |
| the dynamics of cooperative bacterial virulence in the field. | laboratory experiments have shown that the fitness of microorganisms can depend on cooperation between cells. although this insight has revolutionized our understanding of microbial life, results from artificial microcosms have not been validated in complex natural populations. we investigated the sociality of essential virulence factors (crystal toxins) in the pathogen bacillus thuringiensis using diamondback moth larvae (plutella xylostella) as hosts. we show that toxin production is cooperati ... | 2012 | 22767928 |
| the benefits of chess for the intellectual and social-emotional enrichment in schoolchildren. | this paper examines the benefits of regularly playing chess for the intellectual and social-emotional enrichment of a group of 170 schoolchildren from 6-16 years old. it is based on a quasi-experimental design, where the independent variable was the extracurricular activity of chess (n = 170) versus extracurricular activities of soccer or basketball (n = 60). the dependent variable was intellectual and socio-affective competence, which was measured by an iq test (wisc-r), a self-report test (tam ... | 2012 | 22774429 |
| the clever strategy of a tiny crustacean eye early in the evolution of vision. | henningsmoenicaris scutula (walossek and müller, 1990) (fig. 1) is a tiny representative of crustacea, systematically standing close to the stemline. it is found in stinkstone ('orsten') nodules from the alum shale, where a rich fauna of small organisms is excellently preserved. three dimensional morphology is retained by phosphatisation, which exhibits the finest details, such as cuticular structures, fine appendages and especially the morphology of the compound eyes. the stalked eyes of h. scu ... | 2012 | 22808326 |
| the effects of combining web-based ehealth with telephone nurse case management for pediatric asthma control: a randomized controlled trial. | asthma is the most common pediatric illness in the united states, burdening low-income and minority families disproportionately and contributing to high health care costs. clinic-based asthma education and telephone case management have had mixed results on asthma control, as have ehealth programs and online games. | 2012 | 22835804 |
| frontal lobe function in chess players. | chess is considered as a cognitive game because of severe engagement of the mental resources during playing. the purpose of this study is evaluation of frontal lobe function of chess players with matched non-players. wisconsin card sorting test (wcst) data showed no difference between the player and non-player groups in preservation error and completed categories but surprisingly showed significantly lower grade of the player group in correct response. our data reveal that chess players don't ha ... | 2012 | 22837083 |
| allergen of the month--downy chess. | 2012 | 22840262 | |
| simulating multiple character interactions with collaborative and adversarial goals. | this paper proposes a new methodology for synthesizing animations of multiple characters, allowing them to intelligently compete with one another in dense environments, while still satisfying requirements set by an animator. to achieve these two conflicting objectives simultaneously, our method separately evaluates the competition and collaboration of the interactions, integrating the scores to select an action that maximizes both criteria. we extend the idea of min-max search, normally used for ... | 2012 | 22844676 |
| temperament: then and now. | one of many publications emanating from the new york longitudinal study (nyls), the prospective study of stella chess, alexander thomas, and mahin hassibi of six cases of depression during childhood and adolescence, which appeared in the journal of nervous and mental disease in 1983, provides an opportunity to reflect on the climate in which the nyls was conceived and conducted. its methodology is reviewed, and principle findings are summarized. in the more than 50 years since the inception of t ... | 2012 | 22850299 |
| iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (ideal) of the wrist and finger at 3t: comparison with chemical shift selective fat suppression images. | to compare fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging (mri) quality using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (ideal) with that using chemical shift selective fat-suppressed t1-weighted spin-echo (chess) images for evaluating rheumatoid arthritis (ra) lesions of the hand and finger at 3t. | 2013 | 22911970 |
| relationship power, control, and dating violence among latina girls. | we drew on the theory of gender and power and grounded theory methodology to explore how 18 latina girls conceptualized power and control within their heterosexual dating relationships. our findings indicate that boys/men used a number of strategies to control girls, including: regulating appearances and behaviors; cheating and threatening to cheat; and physical and sexual violence. girls used a variety of strategies to resist these attempts to control them, including: lying, flirting, and cheat ... | 2012 | 22926188 |
| signing at the beginning makes ethics salient and decreases dishonest self-reports in comparison to signing at the end. | many written forms required by businesses and governments rely on honest reporting. proof of honest intent is typically provided through signature at the end of, e.g., tax returns or insurance policy forms. still, people sometimes cheat to advance their financial self-interests-at great costs to society. we test an easy-to-implement method to discourage dishonesty: signing at the beginning rather than at the end of a self-report, thereby reversing the order of the current practice. using laborat ... | 2012 | 22927408 |
| out of mind, out of heart: attention affects duration of emotional experience. | it has been suggested that the extent to which a person maintains attention to pleasant versus unpleasant aspects of a given stimulus has an effect on the self-reported affective state. this assumption was empirically tested in two experiments. in study 1, participants received the instruction either to focus on a positive emotion-eliciting event (winning a tournament chess game) or to focus their attention on an affectively neutral distraction task (describing drawings). study 2 used negative p ... | 2013 | 22963519 |
| coevolution of trustful buyers and cooperative sellers in the trust game. | many online marketplaces enjoy great success. buyers and sellers in successful markets carry out cooperative transactions even if they do not know each other in advance and a moral hazard exists. an indispensable component that enables cooperation in such social dilemma situations is the reputation system. under the reputation system, a buyer can avoid transacting with a seller with a bad reputation. a transaction in online marketplaces is better modeled by the trust game than other social dilem ... | 2012 | 22970176 |
| honesty requires time (and lack of justifications). | recent research suggests that refraining from cheating in tempting situations requires self-control, which indicates that serving self-interest is an automatic tendency. however, evidence also suggests that people cheat to the extent that they can justify their unethical behavior to themselves. to merge these different lines of research, we adopted a dual-system approach that distinguished between the intuitive and deliberative cognitive systems. we suggest that for people to restrict their dish ... | 2012 | 22972904 |
| pollination: the price of attraction. | nectar is the major currency bringing together plants and pollinators; yet the costs and benefits of nectar production remain poorly understood. a low nectar line developed in petunia offers an innovative approach to this problem and may offer clues to why some plants cheat and secure pollination via deception. | 2012 | 22974993 |
| comparing frailty measures in their ability to predict adverse outcome among older residents of assisted living. | few studies have directly compared the competing approaches to identifying frailty in more vulnerable older populations. we examined the ability of two versions of a frailty index (43 vs. 83 items), the cardiovascular health study (chs) frailty criteria, and the chess scale to accurately predict the occurrence of three outcomes among assisted living (al) residents followed over one year. | 2012 | 22978265 |
| plant kin recognition enhances abundance of symbiotic microbial partner. | the stability of cooperative interactions among different species can be compromised by cheating. in the plant-mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis, a single mycorrhizal network may interact with many plants, providing the opportunity for individual plants to cheat by obtaining nutrients from the fungi without donating carbon. here we determine whether kin selection may favour plant investment in the mycorrhizal network, reducing the incentive to cheat when relatives interact with a single network. | 2012 | 23029158 |
| inhibition of irrelevant information is not necessary to performance of expert chess players. | some studies on expertise have demonstrated that the difference between novices and experts can be partly due to a lack of knowledge about which information is relevant for a given situation. this lack of knowledge seems to be associated with the selection of correct information and with inhibitory processes. however, while the efficiency of inhibitory processes can lead to better performance in the normal population, it seems that experts in chess do not base their performance on this process b ... | 2012 | 23033745 |
| the tell-tale heart: heart rate fluctuations index objective and subjective events during a game of chess. | during a decision-making process, the body changes. these somatic changes have been related to specific cognitive events and also have been postulated to assist decision-making indexing possible outcomes of different options. we used chess to analyze heart rate (hr) modulations on specific cognitive events. in a chess game, players have a limited time-budget to make about 40 moves (decisions) that can be objectively evaluated and retrospectively assigned to specific subjectively perceived events ... | 2012 | 23060777 |
| clinical outcomes of a novel, family-centered partial hospitalization program for young patients with eating disorders. | eating disorders (ed) in children and younger adolescents are becoming more evident, but there is a small evidence base for their management in this population. we hypothesized that a new family-centered partial hospital program for young patients would be effective in promoting weight gain, as well as improvement in psychiatric symptoms. | 2012 | 23086252 |
| predictors of the change in the expression of emotional support within an online breast cancer support group: a longitudinal study. | to explore how the expression of emotional support in an online breast cancer support group changes over time, and what factors predict this pattern of change. | 2013 | 23122429 |
| when cheating would make you a cheater: implicating the self prevents unethical behavior. | in 3 experiments using 2 different paradigms, people were less likely to cheat for personal gain when a subtle change in phrasing framed such behavior as diagnostic of an undesirable identity. participants were given the opportunity to claim money they were not entitled to at the experimenters' expense; instructions referred to cheating with either language that was designed to highlight the implications of cheating for the actor's identity (e.g., "please don't be a cheater") or language that fo ... | 2013 | 23127418 |
| triathlon: how to mentally prepare for the big race. | with the mastery of 3 sports required, a triathlon can be a daunting mental challenge. some liken a triathlon to a physical game of chess. a triathlete must mentally assess their physical ability across 3 sports against their competitors, the environment, and, most of all, themselves. the mental preparation required for a triathlon is often minimized, but its importance should not be underestimated. appropriate mental planning should be carried out during training. the need for nutrition, race p ... | 2012 | 23147092 |
| symmetry breaking and optical negative index of closed nanorings. | metamaterials have extraordinary abilities, such as imaging beyond the diffraction limit and invisibility. many metamaterials are based on split-ring structures, however, like atomic orbital currents, it has long been believed that closed rings cannot produce negative refractive index. here we report a low-loss and polarization-independent negative-index metamaterial made solely of closed metallic nanorings. using symmetry breaking that negatively couples the discrete nanorings, we measured nega ... | 2012 | 23149726 |
| biodegradation of ivory (natural apatite): possible involvement of fungal activity in biodeterioration of the lewis chessmen. | fungal biodeterioration of ivory was investigated with in vitro inoculation of samples obtained from boar and walrus tusks with the fungi aspergillus niger and serpula himantioides, species of known geoactive abilities. a combination of light and scanning electron microscopy together with associated analytical techniques was used to characterize fungal interactions with the ivory, including changes in ivory composition, dissolution and tunnelling, and the formation of new biominerals. the resear ... | 2013 | 23157656 |
| magnetization exchange observed in human skeletal muscle by non-water-suppressed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | many metabolites in the proton magnetic resonance spectrum undergo magnetization exchange with water, such as those in the downfield region (6.0-8.5 ppm) and the upfield peaks of creatine, which can be measured to reveal additional information about the molecular environment. in addition, these resonances are attenuated by conventional water suppression techniques complicating detection and quantification. to characterize these metabolites in human skeletal muscle in vivo at 3 t, metabolite cycl ... | 2013 | 23172828 |
| enhanced fat suppression technique for breast imaging. | to evaluate a new fat suppression technique using multiple fat suppression pulses intended for breast dynamic contrast-enhanced (dce) imaging using segmented three-dimensional fast field echo (ffe). | 2013 | 23172831 |
| you can't beat experience, but you can cheat it. | 2013 | 23218884 | |
| visual acuity evaluated by pattern-reversal visual-evoked potential is affected by check size/visual angle. | to systemically explore the range of visual angles that affect visual acuity, and to establish the relationship between the p1 component (peak latency ~100 ms) of the pattern-reversal visual-evoked potential (prvep) and the visual acuity at particular visual angles. | 2012 | 23225314 |
| 'checkmating hiv&aids': using chess to break the silence in the classroom. | in this article, i give an account of my 'checkmating hiv&aids' action research project, which was an attempt to break the 'culture of silence' concerning hiv&aids and sex and sexuality in my classroom. in this project, i focused specifically on one code of sport, namely chess, and i point out and discuss the potential of using chess as an educational tool in addressing hiv&aids. it was found that learners enjoy playing chess and that it can be used in the life orientation classroom to promote h ... | 2012 | 23234377 |
| pairing context determines condition-dependence of song rate in a monogamous passerine bird. | condition-dependence of male ornaments is thought to provide honest signals on which females can base their sexual choice for genetic quality. recent studies show that condition-dependence patterns can vary within populations. although long-term association is thought to promote honest signalling, no study has explored the influence of pairing context on the condition-dependence of male ornaments. in this study, we assessed the influence of natural variation in body condition on song rate in zeb ... | 2013 | 23256191 |
| mutations to the pirna pathway component aubergine enhance meiotic drive of segregation distorter in drosophila melanogaster. | diploid sexual reproduction involves segregation of allelic pairs, ensuring equal representation of genotypes in the gamete pool. some genes, however, are able to "cheat" the system by promoting their own transmission. the segregation distorter (sd) locus in drosophila melanogaster males is one of the best-studied examples of this type of phenomenon. in this system the presence of sd on one copy of chromosome 2 results in dysfunction of the non-sd-bearing (sd(+)) sperm and almost exclusive trans ... | 2013 | 23267055 |
| accuracy and consensus in judgments of trustworthiness from faces: behavioral and neural correlates. | perceivers' inferences about individuals based on their faces often show high interrater consensus and can even accurately predict behavior in some domains. here we investigated the consensus and accuracy of judgments of trustworthiness. in study 1, we showed that the type of photo judged makes a significant difference for whether an individual is judged as trustworthy. in study 2, we found that inferences of trustworthiness made from the faces of corporate criminals did not differ from inferenc ... | 2013 | 23276271 |
| an e-health solution for people with alcohol problems. | self-management of chronic diseases has been a research focus for years. information and communication technologies (icts) have played a significant role in aiding patients and their families with that management task. the recent dramatic increase in smartphone capabilities has expanded the potential of these technologies by facilitating the integration of features specific to cell phones with advanced capabilities that extend the reach of what type of information can be assessed and which servi ... | 2011 | 23293549 |
| how patients recovering from alcoholism use a smartphone intervention. | objective: mobile technology has the potential to radically improve addiction treatment and continuing care by offering emotional and instrumental support anywhere and just in time. this is particularly important in addiction because timing is critical to preventing relapse. although most experts consider alcoholism to be a chronic disease, providers do not typically offer ongoing support for relapse prevention after patients complete treatment, even though a central characteristic of alcoholism ... | 2012 | 23316127 |
| visual search in ecological and non-ecological displays: evidence for a non-monotonic effect of complexity on performance. | considerable research has been carried out on visual search, with single or multiple targets. however, most studies have used artificial stimuli with low ecological validity. in addition, little is known about the effects of target complexity and expertise in visual search. here, we investigate visual search in three conditions of complexity (detecting a king, detecting a check, and detecting a checkmate) with chess players of two levels of expertise (novices and club players). results show that ... | 2013 | 23320084 |
| practice other than playing games apparently has only a modest role in the development of chess expertise. | evidence that chess expertise rests on practice alone mostly comes from studies using a correlational retrospective recall paradigm, which confounds amount of study with number of games played and possible innate talent. researchers also often use latest performance rating and include participants who play and study little. study 1 partially replicated such studies with improvements such as use of peak rating and a large, skilled sample. number of internationally-rated games played was the stron ... | 2013 | 23320441 |
| academic disintegrity among medical students: a randomised response technique study. | medical students, as tomorrow's doctors, are responsible for their patients' health; cheating may affect their academic knowledge and clinical skills. the main purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of and attitudes towards academic disintegrity among medical students at tehran university of medical sciences (tums). | 2013 | 23323653 |
| an ehealth system supporting palliative care for patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial. | in this study, the authors examined the effectiveness of an online support system (comprehensive health enhancement support system [chess]) versus the internet in relieving physical symptom distress in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc). | 2013 | 23355273 |
| move-by-move dynamics of the advantage in chess matches reveals population-level learning of the game. | the complexity of chess matches has attracted broad interest since its invention. this complexity and the availability of large number of recorded matches make chess an ideal model systems for the study of population-level learning of a complex system. we systematically investigate the move-by-move dynamics of the white player's advantage from over seventy thousand high level chess matches spanning over 150 years. we find that the average advantage of the white player is positive and that it has ... | 2013 | 23382876 |
| the burden of guilt: heavy backpacks, light snacks, and enhanced morality. | drawing on the embodied simulation account of emotional information processing, we argue that the physical experience of weight is associated with the emotional experience of guilt and thus that weight intensifies the experience of guilt. across 4 studies, we found that participants who wore a heavy backpack experienced higher levels of guilt compared to those who wore a light backpack. additionally, wearing a heavy backpack affected participants' behavior. specifically, it led them to be more l ... | 2014 | 23398182 |
| the effects of participation in leisure activities on neuropsychiatric symptoms of persons with cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study. | people with cognitive impairment have been shown to engage in few structured activities. during periods of unoccupied time or boredom, these patients most likely manifest neuropsychiatric symptoms. | 2013 | 23411009 |
| intertemporal bargaining predicts moral behavior, even in anonymous, one-shot economic games. | to the extent that acting fairly is in an individual’s long-term interest, short-term impulses to cheat present a self-control problem. the only effective solution is to interpret the problem as a variant of repeated prisoner’s dilemma, with each choice as a test case predicting future choices. moral choice appears to be the product of a contract because it comes from self-enforcing intertemporal cooperation. | 2013 | 23445575 |
| meta-analysis of age and skill effects on recalling chess positions and selecting the best move. | a meta-analysis was conducted of studies that measured the effects of both age and skill in chess on the tasks of selecting the best move for chess positions (the best move task) as well as recalling chess game positions (the recall task). despite a small sample of studies, we demonstrated that there are age and skill effects on both tasks: age being negatively associated with performance on both tasks and skill being positively associated with performance on both tasks. on the best move task, w ... | 2013 | 23508364 |
| microbial genomes as cheat sheets. | 2013 | 23563106 | |
| there's no single endgame. | 'endgame' is a term from chess, a complex game with a simple objective: to checkmate the king. tobacco control is not so simple. we do not have one uniform agreed objective but a multiplicity of goals some of which may be incompatible. we are not playing a global game of chess, but a multiplicity of battles and skirmishes played out with different rules and on different terrains. this paper examines these issues and goes on to summarise the situation in england and what the endgame will mean in ... | 2013 | 23591506 |
| vividness of the future self predicts delinquency. | the tendency to live in the here and now, and the failure to think through the delayed consequences of behavior, is one of the strongest individual-level correlates of delinquency. we tested the hypothesis that this correlation results from a limited ability to imagine one's self in the future, which leads to opting for immediate gratification. strengthening the vividness of the future self should therefore reduce involvement in delinquency. we tested and found support for this hypothesis in two ... | 2013 | 23592649 |
| power and temptation cause shifts between exploitation and cooperation in a cleaner wrasse mutualism. | in many instances of cooperation, only one individual has both the potential and the incentive to 'cheat' and exploit its partner. under these asymmetric conditions, a simple model predicts that variation in the temptation to cheat and in the potential victim's capacity for partner control leads to shifts between exploitation and cooperation. here, we show that the threat of early termination of an interaction was sufficient to induce cleaner wrasse labroides dimidiatus to feed selectively again ... | 2013 | 23615288 |
| gender differences in intellectual performance persist at the limits of individual capabilities. | males predominate at the top in chess, and chess is a useful domain to investigate possible causes of gender differences in high achievement. opportunity, interest and extent of practice can be controlled for. organized chess has objective performance measures, extensive longitudinal population-level data and little gatekeeper influence. previous studies of gender differences in chess performance have not controlled adequately for females on average playing fewer rated games and dropping out at ... | 2014 | 23631890 |
| [collaboration between knmvd and the hague. it is playing chess on several boards at once]. | 2013 | 23638551 | |
| differential impact of hyponatremia and hepatic encephalopathy on health-related quality of life and brain metabolite abnormalities in cirrhosis. | hyponatremia (hn) and hepatic encephalopathy (he) together can impair health-related quality of life (hrqol) and cognition in cirrhosis. we aimed at studying the effect of hyponatremia on cognition, hrqol, and brain mr spectroscopy (mrs) independent of he. | 2013 | 23665182 |
| the effect of whole body vibration exposure on muscle function in children with cystic fibrosis: a pilot efficacy trial. | to examine the effects of whole body vibration (wbv) exposure on muscle function in children with cystic fibrosis (cf). non-randomised controlled cross-over trial. | 2013 | 23671546 |
| differentiation of chinese liquors by using ambient glow discharge ionization mass spectrometry. | chinese liquors are often a very important part of social event in china. driven by high profit, some illegal traders often use inferior liquors instead of the products with high quality to cheat the customer. therefore, it is highly required to authenticate chinese liquors. in this paper a novel method based on ambient glow discharge ionization mass spectrometry has been developed to differentiate chinese liquors. volatile components from liquor samples were ionized by the plasma generated by g ... | 2013 | 23689281 |
| unraveling the soul of autoimmune diseases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment adding dowels to the puzzle. | the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (ads) is characterized by a complex interaction between genetic, immune defects, environmental and hormonal factors. the concept of "mosaic of autoimmunity" deals with the multi-factorial origin and diversity of expression of ads in humans. genetic leads to a predisposition in developing an autoimmune syndrome, but the presence of an external or endogenous environmental factor, recently called "exposome," is essential in triggering the immune response. inf ... | 2013 | 23733136 |
| lingering fat signals with chess in simultaneous imaging of both hands can be improved with rice pads in both 1.5t and 3.0t. | to investigate whether rice pads can eliminate lingering fat signals of the complex surface shape of both hands that occur with chemical shift selective (chess) at 1.5t and 3.0t. | 2013 | 23743055 |
| antiviral stockpiles for influenza pandemics from the household perspective: treatment alone versus treatment with prophylaxis. | model-based studies of antiviral use to mitigate the impact of moderate and severe influenza pandemics implicitly take the viewpoint of a central public health authority. however, it seems likely that the key decision of when to use antivirals will be made at the household level. we used a stochastic compartmental model of the transmission of influenza within and between households to evaluate the expected mortality under two strategies: households saving available antivirals for treatment only ... | 2012 | 23746802 |
| evolutionary stability and resistance to cheating in an indirect reciprocity model based on reputation. | indirect reciprocity is one of the main mechanisms to explain the emergence and sustainment of altruism in societies. the standard approach to indirect reciprocity is reputation models. these are games in which players base their decisions on their opponent's reputation gained in past interactions with other players (moral assessment). the combination of actions and moral assessment leads to a large diversity of strategies; thus determining the stability of any of them against invasions by all t ... | 2013 | 23767587 |
| reverse deterrence in racial profiling: increased transgressions by nonprofiled whites. | a controlled experiment tested the possibility that racial profiling-disproportionate scrutiny of a minority racial group by sanctioned authorities-would have a "reverse deterrent" effect on the illicit behavior of members of a nonprofiled majority group. research participants given a task involving extremely difficult anagrams were given the opportunity to cheat. white participants randomly assigned to a condition in which two black confederates were obtrusively singled out for scrutiny by the ... | 2013 | 23772918 |
| indelible distrust: memory bias toward cheaters revealed as high persistence against extinction. | our ability to learn about the reputations of others-that is, who is likely to cooperate versus cheat-contributes greatly to cooperativeness in society. there has been recent debate whether humans employ memory bias favoring cheaters (i.e., there is an evolved module for the detection of cheaters) or whether no such bias exists (i.e., reputation learning is flexibly modulated by contextual factors). we report 3 experiments that address this issue by comparing persistence against extinction-which ... | 2013 | 23773183 |
| erp to chess stimuli reveal expert-novice differences in the amplitudes of n2 and p3 components. | erp experiments were conducted to analyze the underlying neural events when chess players make simple judgments of a board position. fourteen expert players and 14 age-matched novices viewed, for each of four tasks, 128 unique positions on a mini (4 × 4) chess board each presented for 0.5 s. the tasks were to respond: (a) if white king was in check, (b) if black knight was present, (c) if white king was not in check, and (d) if no black knight was present. experts showed an enhanced n2 with chec ... | 2013 | 23837745 |
| effects of intravenous albumin in patients with cirrhosis and episodic hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized double-blind study. | episodic hepatic encephalopathy is frequently precipitated by factors that induce circulatory dysfunction, cause oxidative stress-mediated damage or enhance astrocyte swelling. the administration of albumin could modify these factors and improve the outcome of hepatic encephalopathy. the aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of albumin in a multicenter, prospective, double-blind, controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov number, nct00886925). | 2013 | 23872605 |
| dead-baby dreams, transfiguration and recovery from infant death trauma in northeast brazil. | maternal reactions to infant death in northeast brazil have been at the epicenter of anthropological debate since the 1980s. this ethnographic study of 45 death narratives by bereaved mothers collected from 1979-1989 in pacatuba, ceará, brazil, refutes existing claims of mothers' "selective neglect" and "indifference" towards sick babies and emotionally empty grief response. i argue that through dead-baby dreams--and their imaginary transfiguration-grieving mothers alleviate infant death trauma. ... | 2013 | 23988325 |
| frequency-selective fat suppression radiofrequency pulse train to remove olefinic fats. | chess pulse can suppress the signal originating from aliphatic fat protons but cannot suppress the signal from olefinic fat protons, which is near the resonance frequency of water protons. adipose tissue contains various fat species; aliphatic fat comprises about 90 % and olefinic fat about 10 % of adipose tissue. thus, chess pulse cannot be used to suppress the signal from adipose tissue completely. the purpose of this study was to find a method to suppress the signal from adipose tissue comple ... | 2013 | 23990698 |