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predicting effects of cations on copper toxicity to lettuce (lactuca sativa) by the biotic ligand model.a biotic ligand model (blm) was developed to estimate cu toxicity to lettuce (lactuca sativa) in terms of root elongation after 4 d of exposure. effects of na(+), k(+), ca(2+), and mg(2+) on cu toxicity were examined. the addition of these cations resulted in a 50-fold difference in the copper median effective activity (ec50 cu2+). however, these variations could not be interpreted entirely as a function of the concentrations of these cations alone. in particular, only the relationship between e ...201222105443
ethylene reduces plant gas exchange and growth of lettuce grown from seed to harvest under hypobaric and ambient total pressure.naturally occurring high levels of ethylene can be a problem in spaceflight and controlled environment agriculture (cea) leading to sterility and irregular plant growth. there are engineering and safety advantages of growing plants under hypobaria (low pressure) for space habitation. the goals of this research were to successfully grow lettuce (lactuca sativa cv. buttercrunch) in a long-term study from seed to harvest under hypobaric conditions, and to investigate how endogenously produced ethyl ...201222118875
tipburn in salt-affected lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) plants results from local oxidative stress.tipburn in lettuce is a physiological disorder expressed as a necrosis in the margins of young developing leaves and is commonly observed under saline conditions. tipburn is usually attributed to ca(2+) deficiencies, and there has very limited research on other mechanisms that may contribute to tipburn development. this work examines whether symptoms are mediated by increased reactive oxygen species (ros) production. two butter lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) varieties, sunstar (su) and pontina (po) ...201122137608
calcium water treatment residue reduces copper phytotoxicity in contaminated sandy soils.calcium water treatment residue (ca-wtr), an industrial by-product, was found to be effective in decreasing cu availability in contaminated soils and transport to the environment. in this study, a greenhouse study was conducted to test the ability of ca-wtr to reduce the toxicity and uptake of cu by ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) as indicator crop plants in cu-contaminated sandy soils. eight weeks growing period was observed in alfisol and spodosol amended with diff ...201222138174
Characterization of a Loss-of-Function Mutant of Gibberellin Biosynthetic Gene LsGA3ox1 in Lettuce.A previous study generated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) mutant lines tagged by retrotransposon Tnt1 from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and identified a homozygous mutant, Tnt6a, that exhibited severe dwarf phenotype. Here we show that Tnt1 is inserted into the intron of gibberellin biosynthetic gene LsGA3ox1 in Tnt6a mutants. Expression analysis suggests that LsGA3ox1 is nearly knocked out in the Tnt6a mutants.201122146725
ecological responses to uv radiation: interactions between the biological effects of uv on plants and on associated organisms.solar ultraviolet (uv)-b radiation (280-315 nm) has a wide range of effects on terrestrial ecosystems, yet our understanding of how uv-b influences the complex interactions of plants with pest, pathogen and related microorganisms remains limited. here, we report the results of a series of experiments in lactuca sativa which aimed to characterize not only key plant responses to uv radiation in a field environment but also consequential effects for plant interactions with a sap-feeding insect, two ...201122150399
influence of growing system on nitrate accumulation in two varieties of lettuce and red radicchio of treviso.green leafy vegetables contribute greatly to the total intake of nitrates from the daily diet. this study evaluates the influence of different cultivation systems on nitrate accumulation in leafy vegetables. two varieties of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) (lattuga romana, foglia di quercia) and two varieties of red radicchio of treviso (cychorium intibus l.) (early, late) were selected. lettuce varieties were both organically and biodynamically grown; red radicchio varieties were conventionally gro ...201222190077
effects of indole amides on lettuce and onion germination and growth.auxins, such as indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), are important in plant germination and growth, while physiological polyamines, such as putrescine, are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, and their concentrations increase during germination. in this work, novel indole amides were synthesized in good yields by monoacylation of morpholine and unprotected symmetrical diamines with indole-3-carboxylic acid, a putative metabolite of iaa, possessing no auxin-like activity. these amides were ...201122191214
molecular cloning and characterization of gene coding for γ-tocopherol methyltransferase from lettuce (lactuca sativa).γ-tocopherol methyltransferase is an important rate-limiting enzyme involved in tocopherol biosynthesis. the full-length cdna encoding γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (designated as lstmt) was cloned from lactuca sativa for the first time by rapid amplification of cdna ends and characterized by means of quantitative rt-pcr. the full-length cdna of lstmt was 1131 bp, with an open reading frame of 897 bp encoding a γ-tocopherol methyltransferase protein of 298 amino acids, with a calculated molecul ...201122194177
dynamics of nonpersistent aphid-borne viruses in lettuce crops covered with uv-absorbing nets.aphid-transmitted viruses frequently cause severe epidemics in lettuce grown under mediterranean climates. spatio-temporal dynamics of aphid-transmitted viruses and its vector were studied on lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) grown under tunnels covered by two types of nets: a commercial uv-absorbing net (bionet) and a standard net. a group of plants infected by cucumber mosaic virus (cmv, family bromoviridae, genus cucumovirus) and lettuce mosaic virus (lmv, family potyviridae, genus potyvirus) was t ...201122226944
phytotoxic activity in flourensia campestris and isolation of (--)-hamanasic acid a as its active principle compound.an aqueous extract from flourensia campestris (asteraceae) dry aerial parts showed strong inhibition on the germination and growth of lactuca sativa. based on bio-guided chromatographic fractionation of aq. extracts from dry and fresh leaves and spectroscopic means, (-)-hamanasic acid a (7-carboxy-8-hydroxy-1(2), 12(13)-dien-bisabolene (1)) was isolated as the most inhibitory active principle on germination (ecg(50)=2.9 mm) and on root (ecr(50)=1.5 mm)/shoot (ecs(50)=2.0 mm) growth. as measured ...201222245633
nmr-metabolic methodology in the study of gm foods.the 1h-nmr methodology used in the study of genetically modified (gm) foods is discussed. transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa cv "luxor") over-expressing the arabidopsisknat1 gene is presented as a case study. twenty-two water-soluble metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, sugars) present in leaves of conventional and gm lettuce were monitored by nmr and quantified at two developmental stages. the nmr spectra did not reveal any difference in metabolite composition between the gm lettuce and the ...201022253988
effects of soil dilution and amendments (mussel shell, cow bone, and biochar) on pb availability and phytotoxicity in military shooting range soil.bioavailability and bioaccessibility determine the level of metal toxicity in the soils. inorganic soil amendments may decrease metal bioavailability and enhance soil quality. this study used mussel shell, cow bone, and biochar to reduce lead (pb) toxicity in the highly contaminated military shooting range soil in korea. water-soluble and 1-m ammonium nitrate extractions, and a modified physiologically based extraction test (pbet) were performed to determine pb bioavailability and bioaccessibili ...201222266035
the newly isolated endophytic fungus paraconiothyrium sp. lk1 produces ascotoxin.we have isolated five endophytic fungi from the roots of capsicum annuum, cucumis sativus and glycine max. the culture filtrates (cf) of these endophytes were screened on dwarf mutant rice (waito-c) and normal rice (dongjin-byeo). endophyte cac-1a significantly inhibited the growth of waito-c and dongjin-byeo. endophyte cac-1a was identified as paraconiothyrium sp. by sequencing the its rdna region and phylogenetic analysis. the ethyl acetate fraction of paraconiothyrium sp. suppressed the germi ...201222267195
potent endogenous allelopathic compounds in lepidium sativum seed exudate: effects on epidermal cell growth in amaranthus caudatus seedlings.many plants exude allelochemicals--compounds that affect the growth of neighbouring plants. this study reports further studies of the reported effect of cress (lepidium sativum) seed(ling) exudates on seedling growth in amaranthus caudatus and lactuca sativa. in the presence of live cress seedlings, both species grew longer hypocotyls and shorter roots than cress-free controls. the effects of cress seedlings were allelopathic and not due to competition for resources. amaranthus seedlings grown i ...201222268144
uptake of organic emergent contaminants in spath and lettuce: an in vitro experiment.although a myriad of organic microcontaminants may occur in irrigation waters, little attention has been paid to their incorporation in crops. in this work, a systematic approach to assess the final fate of both ionizable and neutral organic contaminants taken up by plants is described. in vitro uptake of triclosan (tcs), hydrocinnamic acid (hca), tonalide (ton), ibuprofen (ibf), naproxen (npx), and clofibric acid (cfa) were studied in lettuce ( lactuca sativa l) and spath ( spathiphyllum spp.) ...201222293031
effector identification in the lettuce downy mildew bremia lactucae by massively parallel transcriptome sequencing.lettuce downy mildew (bremia lactucae) is a rapidly adapting oomycete pathogen affecting commercial lettuce cultivation. oomycetes are known to use a diverse arsenal of secreted proteins (effectors) to manipulate their hosts. two classes of effector are known to be translocated by the host: the rxlrs and crinklers. to gain insight into the repertoire of effectors used by b. lactucae to manipulate its host, we performed massively parallel sequencing of cdna derived from b. lactucae spores and inf ...201222293108
preliminary studies on growth and fresh weight of lettuce (lactuca sativa) as affected by clay pot irrigation and spacing.an experiment (completely randomized design) was set up to determine the effects of clay pot sub-surface irrigation (cpsi) and spacing on the growth and fresh weight of lettuce (lactuca sativa). the treatments were: cpsi with spacing; 15 x 15 cm, 20 x 20 cm and 30 x 30 cm. control treatments were watering can irrigation (wci) with the same spacing as above. treatments were replicated three times given a total of 18 experimental units. eighteen large enamel basins of 50/20 cm (diameter/height) we ...201122308659
carotenoids of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) grown on soil enriched with spent coffee grounds.the impact of spent coffee grounds on carotenoid and chlorophyll content in lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. capitata) was evaluated. a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with spent coffee amounts ranging from 0% to 20% (v/v). all evaluated pigments increased proportionally to spent coffee amounts. lutein and β-carotene levels increased up to 90% and 72%, respectively, while chlorophylls increased up to 61%. biomass was also improved in the presence of 2.5% to 10% spent coffee, decreasing fo ...201222314378
mapping qtl, epistasis and genotype × environment interaction of antioxidant activity, chlorophyll content and head formation in domesticated lettuce (lactuca sativa).fruits and vegetables are rich sources of antioxidants in human diets and their intake is associated with chronic disease prevention. lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) is a common vegetable in diets worldwide, but its nutritional content is relatively low. to elucidate the genetic basis of antioxidant content in lettuce, we measured the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) and chlorophyll (chl) content as a proxy of β-carotene in an f(8) recombinant inbred line (ril) in multiple production cycles ...201222327242
a bacterial-fungal metaproteomic analysis enlightens an intriguing multicomponent interaction in the rhizosphere of lactuca sativa.fusarium oxysporum msa 35 [wild-type (wt) strain] is an antagonistic isolate that protects plants against pathogenic fusaria. this strain lives in association with ectosymbiotic bacteria. when cured of the prokaryotic symbionts [cured (cu) form], the fungus is pathogenic, causing wilt symptoms similar to those of f. oxysporum f.sp. lactucae. the aim of this study was to understand if and how the host plant lactuca sativa contributes to the expression of the antagonistic/pathogenic behaviors of m ...201222360353
identification of two phytotoxins, blumenol a and grasshopper ketone, in the allelopathic japanese rice variety awaakamai.aqueous methanol extracts of the traditional rice (oryza sativa) variety awaakamai, which is known to have the greatest allelopathic activity among japanese traditional rice varieties, inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), timothy (phleum pratense), digitaria sanguinalis, lolium multiflorum and echinochloa crus-galli. increasing the extract concentration increased the inhibition, suggesting that the extract of awaakamai contains growth in ...201222364828
defensive sesquiterpenes from senecio candidans and s. magellanicus, and their structure-activity relationships.eleven eremophilanolides, 1-3 and 6-13, and two eremophilanes, 24 and 25, were isolated from senecio candidans and s. magellanicus from the magallanes region (chile). compounds 2, 3, 9, and 10 have not been previously reported as natural products. their structures were established by nmr spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformations. the x-ray analysis of compounds 11, 13, and 17 were also performed. different semisynthetic analogs from eremophilanolide 11 were generated to carry out a str ...201222422530
utility of bioassays (lettuce, red clover, red fescue, microtox, metstick, hyalella, bait lamina) in ecological risk screening of acid metal (zn) contaminated soil.the objective of this study was to assess selected bioassays and ecological screening tools for their suitability in a weight of evidence risk screening process of acidic metal contaminated soil. intact soil cores were used for the tests, which minimizes changes in ph and metal bioavailability that may result from homogenization and drying of the soil. soil cores were spiked with zncl(2) or cacl(2). leachate collected from the soil cores was used to account for the exposure pathways through pore ...201222444727
crop to wild introgression in lettuce: following the fate of crop genome segments in backcross populations.after crop-wild hybridization, some of the crop genomic segments may become established in wild populations through selfing of the hybrids or through backcrosses to the wild parent. this constitutes a possible route through which crop (trans)genes could become established in natural populations. the likelihood of introgression of transgenes will not only be determined by fitness effects from the transgene itself but also by the crop genes linked to it. although lettuce is generally regarded as s ...201222448748
[analysis of essential oil extracted from lactuca sativa seeds growing in xinjiang by gc-ms].to analyze the components of essential oil from lactuca sativa seeds growing in xinjiang.201122500425
a bayesian analysis of gene flow from crops to their wild relatives: cultivated (lactuca sativa l.) and prickly lettuce (l. serriola l.) and the recent expansion of l. serriola in europe.interspecific gene flow can lead to the formation of hybrid populations that have a competitive advantage over the parental populations, even for hybrids from a cross between crops and wild relatives. wild prickly lettuce (lactuca serriola) has recently expanded in europe and hybridization with the related crop species (cultivated lettuce, l. sativa) has been hypothesized as one of the mechanisms behind this expansion. in a basically selfing species, such as lettuce, assessing hybridization in n ...201222512715
antiprotozoal and antimicrobial compounds from the plant pathogen septoria pistaciarum.four new 1,4-dihydroxy-5-phenyl-2-pyridinone alkaloids, 17-hydroxy-n-(o-methyl)septoriamycin a (1), 17-acetoxy-n-(o-methyl)septoriamycin a (2), 13-(s)-hydroxy-n-(o-methyl)septoriamycin a (3), and 13-(r)-hydroxy-n-(o-methyl)septoriamycin a (4), together with the known compounds (+)-cercosporin (5), (+)-14-o-acetylcercosporin (6), (+)-di-o-acetylcercosporin (7), lumichrome, and brassicasterol, were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of a culture medium of septoria pistaciarum. methylation of s ...201222530813
co-composting of spent coffee ground with olive mill wastewater sludge and poultry manure and effect of trametes versicolor inoculation on the compost maturity.the co-composting of spent coffee grounds, olive mill wastewater sludge and poultry manure was investigated on a semi-industrial scale. in order to reduce the toxicity of the phenolic fraction and to improve the degree of composting humification, composts were inoculated with the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor in the early stages of the maturation phase. during composting, a range of physico-chemical parameters (temperature and both organic matter and c/n reduction), total organic carbon, ...201222537889
antioxidant potential of lactuca sativa.the present study is based on the evaluation of antioxidant potential of a well known plant lactuca sativa. methanolic leaf extract was investigated for in vitro inhibition of oxidative damage induced by uv-radiations to the salmonella typhi bacteria and in vivo effect on the production of body enzymes i.e. catalase and superoxide dismutase. the lipid peroxidation masurement was also done in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) in blood and brain of male albino wistar rats. t ...200422557144
raw and fungal-treated olive-mill wastewater effects on selected parameters of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) growth--the role of proline.olive-mill wastewater (omw) constitutes a major agricultural waste stream for which disposal is associated with significant environmental repercussions. no data are available on the effects of biotreated omw and of the protective role of exogenously provided proline on plant physiology. in the present study, omw was administered, either raw or previously treated by the white-rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus, with or without proline amendment, to lettuce plants growing in sterilized sand. biotreate ...201222560036
effect of differential n and s competition in inter- and sole cropping of brassica species and lettuce on glucosinolate concentration.field and greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential to use intercropping as an alternative method to increase glucosinolates in brassicas by manipulating nitrogen (n) and sulfur (s) balance by intercropping with lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. capitata). in both experiments, four combinations of n and s fertilization were used. in the field experiment no effect of intercropping on the total glucosinolate concentration was found as the growing lettuce was strongly inhibi ...201222577876
development and application of a 6.5 million feature affymetrix genechip® for massively parallel discovery of single position polymorphisms in lettuce (lactuca spp.).high-resolution genetic maps are needed in many crops to help characterize the genetic diversity that determines agriculturally important traits. hybridization to microarrays to detect single feature polymorphisms is a powerful technique for marker discovery and genotyping because of its highly parallel nature. however, microarrays designed for gene expression analysis rarely provide sufficient gene coverage for optimal detection of nucleotide polymorphisms, which limits utility in species with ...201222583801
bioassay-directed isolation and identification of phytotoxic and fungitoxic acetylenes from conyza canadensis.conyza canadensis (l.) cronquist syn. (horseweed) is a problematic and invasive weed with reported allelopathic properties. to identify the phytotoxic constituents of the aerial parts, a systematic bioactivity-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract was performed. three active enyne derivatives, (2z,8z)-matricaria acid methyl ester, (4z,8z)-matricaria lactone, and (4z)-lachnophyllum lactone, were identified. the lactones inhibited growth of the monocot agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass ...201222612410
cadmium-induced cyto- and genotoxicity are organ-dependent in lettuce.cadmium is a priority pollutant. its mechanisms and effects within different plant organs remain unclear. here, cyto-genotoxicity biomarkers were evaluated in roots and leaves after cd exposure (0, 1, 10, and 50 μm) of the model crop lactuca sativa l. (cv. "reine de mai"). overall, superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat) activities were stimulated in leaves, where cd accumulation was lower in comparison to that in roots. in roots, sod and peroxidase (pox, apx) activities were stimulated. m ...201222624971
hybridization between crops and wild relatives: the contribution of cultivated lettuce to the vigour of crop-wild hybrids under drought, salinity and nutrient deficiency conditions.with the development of transgenic crop varieties, crop-wild hybridization has received considerable consideration with regard to the potential of transgenes to be transferred to wild species. although many studies have shown that crops can hybridize with their wild relatives and that the resulting hybrids may show improved fitness over the wild parents, little is still known on the genetic contribution of the crop parent to the performance of the hybrids. in this study, we investigated the vigo ...201222660630
molecular diversity at the major cluster of disease resistance genes in cultivated and wild lactuca spp.diversity was analyzed in wild and cultivated lactuca germplasm using molecular markers derived from resistance genes of the nbs-lrr type. three molecular markers, one microsatellite marker and two scar markers that amplified lrr-encoding regions, were developed from sequences of resistance gene homologs at the main resistance gene cluster in lettuce. variation for these markers were assessed in germplasm including accessions of cultivated lettuce, lactuca sativa l. and three wild lactuca spp., ...199922665172
increased stable inheritance of herbicide resistance in transgenic lettuce carrying a pete promoter-bar gene compared with a camv 35s-bar gene.inheritance of resistance to herbicide (300 mg/l glufosinate ammonium) up to the third (t3) seed generation was compared in two populations of transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv 'evola') harbouring a t-dna containing the bar gene, linked to either the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, or a -784-bp plastocyanin promoter from pea (pete). only 2.5% (4/163) of camv 35s-bar plants, selected by their kanamycin resistance(t0 generation), transmitted herbicide resistance at high freque ...199922665193
allelopathic potential of artemisia arborescens: isolation, identification and quantification of phytotoxic compounds through fractionation-guided bioassays.the aerial part of artemisia arborescens l. (asteraceae) was extracted with water and methanol, and both extracts were fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. the potential phytotoxicity of both crude extracts and their fractions were assayed in vitro on seed germination and root growth of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), a sensitive species largely employed in the allelopathy studies. the inhibitory activities were analysed by dose-response curves and the ed 50 were es ...201322687059
determination of vitamin c, b-carotene and riboflavin contents in five green vegetables organically and conventionally grown.as consumer interest in organically grown vegetables is increasing in malaysia, there is a need to answer whether the vegetables are more nutritious than those conventionally grown. this study investigates commercially available vegetables grown organically and conventionally, purchased from retailers to analyse β-carotene, vitamin c and riboflavin contents. five types of green vegetables were selected, namely chinese mustard (sawi) (brassica juncea), chinese kale (kai-lan) (brassica alboglabra) ...200322692530
activity-guided discovery of (s)-malic acid 1'-o-β-gentiobioside as an angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitor in lettuce (lactuca sativa).angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace), playing a crucial role in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, is well-known to catalyze the conversion of the decapeptide angiotensin i into the physiologically active octapeptide angiotensin ii, triggering blood pressure increasing mechanisms. to meet the demand for natural phytochemicals as antihypertensive agents in functional food development, extracts prepared from a series of vegetables were screened for their ace-inhibitory activity by means of a ...201222762370
phytotoxic action mechanism of hapalocyclamide in lettuce seedlings.hapalocyclamide (cyclo-thiazole-l-alanine-oxazole-d-alanine-d-thiazoline-d-phenylalanine), a hexapeptide phytotoxic compound, was isolated from the terrestrial cyanobacterium hapalosiphon sp. the phytotoxic action of the compound was investigated in lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv. great lakes no. 366) by determining its effects on several physiological processes. hapalocyclamide effectively inhibited mitosis process in root tips, which resulted in the suppression of primary root growth of lettuce ...201222771432
mustard seed meal mixtures: management of meloidogyne incognita on pepper and potential phytotoxicity.meals produced when oil is extracted from seeds in the brassicaceae have been shown to suppress weeds and soilborne pathogens. these seed meals are commonly used individually as soil amendments; the goal of this research was to evaluate seed meal mixes of brassica juncea (bj) and sinapis alba (sa) against meloidogyne incognita. seed meals from bj 'pacific gold' and sa 'idagold' were tested alone and in combinations to determine rates and application times that would suppress m. incognita on pepp ...201122791910
aerobic degradation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid by an indigenous strain isolated from a polluted river.an indigenous strain of pseudomonas putida capable of degrading 3-chlorobenzoic acid as the sole carbon source was isolated from the riachuelo, a polluted river in buenos aires. aerobic biodegradation assays were performed using a 2-l microfermentor. biodegradation was evaluated by spectrophotometry, chloride release, gas chromatography and microbial growth. detoxification was evaluated by using vibrio fischeri, pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and lactuca sativa as test organisms. the indigenous ...201222805844
influence of nutrient solutions in an open-field soilless system on the quality characteristics and shelf life of fresh-cut red and green lettuces (lactuca sativa l.) in different seasons.little information is available about the impact of nutrient solution ion concentration on quality characteristics and shelf life of fresh-cut lettuce grown in soilless systems in open field. three lettuce genotypes, lollo rosso and red oak leaf as red-leafed genotypes and butterhead as green-leafed genotype, were studied. the influence of three nutrient solutions with low, medium and high ion concentrations, which varied in the macroanion (no₃⁻) and macrocations (k⁺, ca²⁺ and nh₄⁺), were compar ...201322806347
earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids-amended soil.land application of biosolids (treated sewage sludge) can be an important route for introducing xenobiotic compounds into terrestrial environments. there is a paucity of available information on the effects of biosolids amendment on terrestrial organisms. in this study, the influence of biosolids and biosolids aging on earthworm (eisenia fetida) reproduction and survival and lettuce (lactuca sativa) seedling emergence was investigated. earthworms were exposed to soils amended with varying quanti ...201222832088
[effect of volatile metabolites from germinating seeds on the reproduction of the bacteria listeria monocytogenes and yersinia pseudotuberculosis].the biological activity of volatile metabolites of germinating seeds of cabbage (brassica oleacia), carrot (daukus carota), salad (lactuca sativa), and corn (zea mays l.) against listeria monocytogenes and yersinia pseudotuberculosis was studied. it was shown that volatile metabolites are transfer factors and can be the sole carbon and energy source for these bacteria. methanol is the main substance affecting their growth and reproduction.201522834302
allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential of cladonia verticillaris on the germination and growth of lactuca sativa.responses to germination and initial growth of lactuca sativa (lettuce) submitted to organic extracts and purified compounds of cladonia verticillaris ("salambaia") were analyzed in this work. the experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions using extracts and pure compounds at different concentrations. none of the assays showed any influence on the germination of l. sativa seeds using c. verticillaris extracts; however, modifications in leaf area and seedling hypocotyl and root developme ...201222835725
note: in vivo ph imaging system using luminescent indicator and color camera.microscopic in vivo ph imaging system is developed that can capture the luminescent- and color-imaging. the former gives a quantitative measurement of a ph distribution in vivo. the latter captures the structural information that can be overlaid to the ph distribution for correlating the structure of a specimen and its ph distribution. by using a digital color camera, a luminescent image as well as a color image is obtained. the system uses hpts (8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate) as a luminesc ...201222852741
[features of lettuce transgenic plants with ifn-alpha2b gene regenerated after agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation]."hairy" roots of lettuce lactuca sativa and regenerated plants with interferon-alpha2b gene had been obtained via agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. according to the results of pcr and rt-pcr analyses the studied plants had ifn-alpha2b gene. the regenerated plants differed from the plants of wild type by elongated internodes, early flower-bearing stem formation and purple coloration of leaves in artificial illumination conditions.201222856143
biotransformation of benzonitrile herbicides via the nitrile hydratase-amidase pathway in rhodococci.the aim of this work was to determine the ability of rhodococci to transform 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (chloroxynil), 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil), 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (ioxynil) and 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil); to identify the products and determine their acute toxicities. rhodococcus erythropolis a4 and rhodococcus rhodochrous pa-34 converted benzonitrile herbicides into amides, but only the former strain was able to hydrolyze 2,6-dichlorobenza ...201222922990
altered leaf colour is associated with increased superoxide-scavenging activity in aureusidin-producing transgenic plants.the health-promoting property of diets rich in fruits and vegetables is based, in part, on the additive and synergistic effects of multiple antioxidants. in an attempt to further enhance food quality, we introduced into crops the capability to synthesize a yellow antioxidant, aureusidin, that is normally produced only by some ornamental plants. for this purpose, the snapdragon (antirrhinum majus) chalcone 4'-o-glucosyltransferase (am4'cgt) and aureusidin synthase (amas1) genes, which catalyse th ...201222924954
deca: a new model for assessing the foliar uptake of atmospheric lead by vegetation, using lactuca sativa as an example.in the context of peri-urban atmospheric pollution by industrial lead recycling emissions, metal can transfer to plant shoots. home gardeners consuming their produce can therefore be exposed to metal pollution. the human health risk assessment protocol (hhrap) model from the united states environmental protection agency (us epa) classically used in risk assessment provides foliar metal uptake predictions for large farms but is not adapted to cultures in kitchen gardens. thus, this study develope ...201222940122
a novel allelopathic substance, 13-epi-orthosiphol n, in orthosiphon stamineus.orthosiphon stamineus (java tea) has been widely used as traditional herb and several bioactive compounds against animal cells have been isolated. however, no bioactive compound against plants has been reported. therefore, we investigated possible allelopathic properties and substances in o. stamineus. aqueous methanol extracts of o. stamineus inhibited root and hypocotyl growth of cress (lepidium sativum) and lettuce (lactuca sativa) seedlings. increasing the extract concentration increased the ...201322959328
seed storage at elevated partial pressure of oxygen, a fast method for analysing seed ageing under dry conditions.despite differences in physiology between dry and relative moist seeds, seed ageing tests most often use a temperature and seed moisture level that are higher than during dry storage used in commercial practice and gene banks. this study aimed to test whether seed ageing under dry conditions can be accelerated by storing under high-pressure oxygen. methods: dry barley (hordeum vulgare), cabbage (brassica oleracea), lettuce (lactuca sativa) and soybean (glycine max) seeds were stored between 2 an ...201222967856
solar disinfection of wastewater to reduce contamination of lettuce crops by escherichia coli in reclaimed water irrigation.low-cost disinfection methods to allow safe use of recycled wastewater for irrigation can have important beneficial implications in the developing world. this study aims to assess the efficiency of solar disinfection to reduce microbial contamination of lettuce crops when solar-treated wastewater effluents are used for irrigation. the irrigation study was designed as a complete experimental loop, including (i) the production of irrigation water through solar disinfection of real municipal wastew ...201222981489
toxicity of neem's oil, a potential biocide against the invasive mussel limnoperna fortunei (dunker 1857).the golden mussel limnoperna fortunei (dunker 1857) is one of the most distributed nuisance invasive species (nis) in south america, and a threat of great concern for the industry of the area. in this study, we carried out toxicity tests made with a neem's oil solution with l. fortunei larvae and benthonic adults (7, 13 and 19 ± 1 mm). tests with non-target species (daphnia magna, lactuca sativa and cnesterodon decemmculatus) were also made with the aim to evaluate the potential toxicity of the ...201222990602
copper phytotoxicity in native and agronomical plant species.copper (cu) is a widespread soil contaminant that is known to be highly toxic to soil biota. limited information is available on the response of wild endemic species to cu in the literature, which hinders ecological risk assessments and revegetation. in the present study, the phytotoxicity of cu in nutrient solution was studied in five australian endemic plant species (acacia decurrens, austrodanthonia richardsonii (wallaby grass), bothriochloa macra (redgrass), eucalyptus camaldulensis var. cam ...201222995781
characterisation, surface properties and biological activity of a biosurfactant produced from industrial waste by candida sphaerica ucp0995 for application in the petroleum industry.the development of less toxic, biodegradable, surfactants, such as biosurfactants, is a key strategy for acquiring environmentally friendly compounds. the aim of the present study was to employ an optimised medium containing 9% ground nut oil refinery residue and 9% corn steep liquor for the production of a biosurfactant by candida sphaerica. fermentation was carried out at 28 °c and 200 rpm for 144 h. biosurfactant yield was 9 g/l. the biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of the medium to ...201323006562
light exposure during storage preserving soluble sugar and l-ascorbic acid content of minimally processed romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa l.var. longifolia).minimally processed romaine lettuce (mprl) leaves were stored in light condition (2500lux) or darkness at 4°c for 7d. light exposure significantly delayed the degradation of chlorophyll and decrease of glucose, reducing sugar, and sucrose content, and thus preserved more total soluble solid (tss) content at the end of storage in comparison with darkness. while, it did not influenced starch content that progressively decreased over time. the l-ascorbic acid (aa) accumulated in light-stored leaves ...201323017423
dose-dependent effects of gamma radiation on lettuce (lactuca sativa var. capitata) seedlings.abstract purpose: the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of gamma radiation on lettuce growth and development, as well as on the content of photosynthetic pigments in 28 days lettuce leaf.201323020834
genomic regions in crop-wild hybrids of lettuce are affected differently in different environments: implications for crop breeding.many crops contain domestication genes that are generally considered to lower fitness of crop-wild hybrids in the wild environment. transgenes placed in close linkage with such genes would be less likely to spread into a wild population. therefore, for environmental risk assessment of gm crops, it is important to know whether genomic regions with such genes exist, and how they affect fitness. we performed quantitative trait loci (qtl) analyses on fitness(-related) traits in two different field e ...201223028403
uptake of perfluorinated alkyl acids by hydroponically grown lettuce (lactuca sativa).an uptake study was carried out to assess the potential human exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids (pfaas) through the ingestion of vegetables. lettuce (lactuca sativa) was grown in pfaa-spiked nutrient solutions at four different concentrations, ranging from 10 ng/l to 10 μg/l. eleven perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) and three perfluorinated sulfonic acids (pfsas) were analyzed by hplc-ms/ms. at the end of the experiment, the major part of the total mass of each of the pfaas (except th ...201223043263
molecular aspects of the antagonistic interaction of smoke-derived butenolides on the germination process of grand rapids lettuce (lactuca sativa) achenes.smoke-derived compounds provide a strong chemical signal to seeds in the soil seed bank, allowing them to take advantage of the germination niche created by the occurrence of fire. the germination stimulatory activity of smoke can largely be attributed to karrikinolide (kar(1) ), while a related compound, trimethylbutenolide (tmb), has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on germination. the aim of this study was to characterize the interaction of these potent fire-generated compounds. dose-r ...201223046112
vanadium pentoxide phytotoxicity: effects of species selection and nutrient concentration.vanadium concentrations in soil can be increased through anthropogenic inputs and can be harmful to plants. a petri dish experiment was conducted to assess the effect of vanadium toxicity on the germination and survival of the garden lettuce, lactuca sativa. a second study was conducted in a greenhouse to investigate the influence of species selection and nutrient concentration on the toxicity of vanadium pentoxide to plants. l. sativa and four non-crop native plant species, two grasses (elymus ...201323052358
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in soils and vegetation near an e-waste recycling site in south china: concentration, distribution, source, and risk assessment.this study determined the concentrations of pahs generated from e-waste recycling activities and their potential impacts on soil, vegetation, and human health. the total pah concentrations in soils and plants ranged from 127 to 10,600 and 199 to 2420 ng/g, respectively. samples from an e-waste burning site had higher pah concentrations than samples from adjacent locations. the pahs in plants varied with plant species and tissue, and lactuca sativa l. contained the highest pahs of all the vegetab ...201223063924
interrelationships of pollution load index, transfer factor, and concentration factor under the effect of sludge.a greenhouse experiment was conducted during 2010-2011. a complete randomized blocks design was used including seven treatment levels of sludge(tons per hectare), i.e., 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and "30+ treated wastewater", in four replications. lettuce (lactuca sativa l var longifolia) was chosen as a test plant. the purpose of the experiment was to study the relationships between soil pollution load index, heavy metal transfer factor, and concentration factor and to determine optimum concentratio ...201323073727
plant growth inhibitor from the malaysian medicinal plant goniothalamus andersonii and related species.a crude methanol extract of goniothalamus andersonii j. sinclair strongly inhibited elongation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) radicles. we conducted bioassay-guided purification of g. andersonii bark extract and obtained goniothalamin as the major bioactive compound. its ec50 values against elongation of lettuce radicles and hypocotyls were 50 and 125 micromol l(-1), respectively. among the six species tested, timothy was the most sensitive to goniothalamin. quantification of this compound in ot ...201223074907
chemical compositions and biological activities of amomum subulatum essential oils from nepal.the essential oils from the seed and rind of amomum subulatum roxb. (collected from nepal) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. a total of 87 components were identified among the two essential oils accounting for 99.1%, and 99.0% of the oils, respectively. the two essential oils were dominated by the monoterpenoids 1,8-cineole (60.8% and 39.0%), alpha-pinene (6.4% and 4.8%), beta-pinene (8.3% and 17.7%), and alpha-terpineol (9.8% and 12.3%). allelopathic testing of the seed ...201223074918
efficacy of household washing treatments for the control of listeria monocytogenes on salad vegetables.the efficacy of household decontamination methods at reducing listeria monocytogenes on fresh lettuce (lactuca sativa), cucumber (cucumis sativus) and parsley (petroselinum sativum) was studied. inoculated vegetable pieces were immersed in washing solutions and surviving l. monocytogenes enumerated. parameters investigated were storage temperature prior to washing, dipping water temperature, agitation, acetic acid concentration and immersion time. the results indicated that the storage temperatu ...201223107504
effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) for inducing the accumulation of major carotenoids, chlorophylls and tocopherol in green and red leaf lettuces.previous studies demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) can induce the accumulation of carotenoids, phenolics, anthocyanins and some mineral nutrients in leaves of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) thus enhancing its nutritional quality. our objectives were to know which carotenoids were the most accumulated in leaves of mycorrhizal lettuces and to assess the effect of amf on tocopherols' levels in leaves of lettuce plants. amf always enhanced growth and, in most cases, increased the lev ...201323108529
modeling toxicity of binary metal mixtures (cu(2+) -ag(+) , cu(2+) -zn(2+) ) to lettuce, lactuca sativa, with the biotic ligand model.the biotic ligand model (blm) was applied to predict metal toxicity to lettuce, lactuca sativa. cu(2+) had the lowest median effective activity (ea50(m) ), compared with ag(+) and zn(2+) (ea50(cu)  = 2.60 × 10(-8) m, ea50(ag) = 1.34 × 10(-7)  m, ea50(zn) = 1.06 × 10(-4)  m). at the 50% response level, the fraction of the total number of biotic ligands occupied by ions (f50(m) ) was lowest for ag(+) among the metals (f50(ag) = 0.22, f50(cu) = 0.36, f50(zn) = 0.42). cu(2+) had the highest affinity ...201323109233
composting of waste paint sludge containing melamine resin and the compost's effect on vegetable growth and soil water quality.melamine resin (mr) is introduced to the environment from many industrial effluents, including waste paint sludge (wps) from the automobile industry. melamine resin contains a high nitrogen (n) content and is a potential n source during composting. in this study, two carbon sources, waste paper (wp) and plant residue (pr), were used to study their effects on composting of wps. additional work tested the wps-composts effects on plant growth and soil water quality. after 84 days of composting, 85% ...201223127275
interactive effects between diet and genotypes of host and pathogen define the severity of infection.host resistance and parasite virulence are influenced by multiple interacting factors in complex natural communities. yet, these interactive effects are seldom studied concurrently, resulting in poor understanding of host-pathogen-environment dynamics. here, we investigated how the level of opportunist pathogen virulence, strength of host immunity and the host condition manipulated via diet affect the survival of wood tiger moth parasemia plantaginis (arctidae). larvae from "low cuticular melani ...201223139892
carbonaceous soil amendments to biofortify crop plants with zinc.carbonaceous soil amendments, comprising mixtures of biosolids and biochar, have been demonstrated to improve fertility while reducing nitrate leaching. we aimed to determine the efficacy of a biosolids/biochar soil amendment in biofortification of vegetables with zn, an element that is deficient in one third of humanity. we grew beetroot (beta vulgaris), spinach (spinacia oleracea), radish (raphanus sativus), broccoli (brassica oleracea), carrot (daucus carota), leek (allium ampeloprsum), onion ...201323146312
phytotoxic furanocoumarins from the shoots of semenovia transiliensis.discovery of novel, natural herbicides has become important to manage increasing weed resistance to synthetic herbicides and environmental issues. the systematic bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the methylene chloride/methanol extract of the shoots of semenovia transiliensis led to the isolation of several phytotoxic compounds. lactuca sativa l. (lettuce, a dicot) and agrostis stolonifera l. (bentgrass, a monocot) bioassays were used to identify and isolate the phytotoxic fracti ...201223157001
role of ascorbic acid in the inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and the prevention of browning in different browning-sensitive lactuca sativa var. capitata (l.) and eruca sativa (mill.) stored as fresh-cut produce.polyphenol oxidase (ppo) and, to a minor extent, peroxidase (pod) represent the key enzymes involved in enzymatic browning, a negative process induced by cutting fresh-cut produce such as lettuce (lactuca sativa) and rocket salad (eruca sativa). although ascorbic acid is frequently utilised as an anti-browning agent, its mechanism in the prevention of the browning phenomenon is not clearly understood.201323184255
structural alterations in isolated endosperms of lactuca sativa l. achenes.endosperm tissue of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) achenes germinating in the dark was isolated from the embryo after appropriate time periods of imbibition in the dark and was incubated in water or in gibberellic acid solution in the dark. it was found that endosperms which were dissected from achenes during the first to the eighth hours of imbibition do not show any structural alteration even after 24 h of incubation either in water or in ga(3) while endosperms excised after 9 hours of imbibition ...198423195506
ecotoxicity of cr, cd, and pb on two mediterranean soils.three potentially toxic elements [chromium (cr), lead (pb), and cadmium (cd)] were tested to assess their effects on two soils of different properties and origin. the soils were a granitic soil (haplic arenosol), which meets the requirements of oecd ecotoxicity testing, and a calcareous soil (calcaric regosol) with properties often found in the mediterranean areas. the metal concentrations used ranged from 0.001 to 5,000 mg kg(-1) soil. the effects on soil microbial activity and community compos ...201323212577
phytotoxic activity of foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi.foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi, a mediterranean plant species belonging to the labiatae family, were investigated for their phytotoxic activities on seed germination and root growth of crops (lactuca sativa l. and raphanus sativus l.) and weed species (lolium perenne l. and amaranthus retroflexus l.). foliar volatiles of c. nepeta (l.) savi strongly inhibited both germination and root growth of lettuce, and its essential oils, especially at 125, 250 and 500 μl ...201323216166
allelopathy is involved in the formation of pure colonies of the fern gleichenia japonica.the fern gleichenia japonica is one of the most widely distributed fern and occurs throughout east to south asia. the species often dominates plant communities by forming large monospecific colonies. however, the potential mechanism for this domination has not yet been described. the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that allelochemicals are involved in the formation of g. japonica colonies. an aqueous methanol extract of g. japonica inhibited the growth of seedlings of garden c ...201323286996
escherichia coli o157:h7 induces stronger plant immunity than salmonella enterica typhimurium sl1344.consumption of fresh produce contaminated with bacterial human pathogens has resulted in various, sometimes deadly, disease outbreaks. in this study, we assessed plant defense responses induced by the fully pathogenic bacteria escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl1344 in both arabidopsis thaliana and lettuce (lactuca sativa). unlike sl1344, o157:h7 induced strong plant immunity at both pre-invasion and post-invasion steps of infection. for instance, o157:h7 trig ...201323301812
improved glycemic control, pancreas protective and hepatoprotective effect by traditional poly-herbal formulation "qurs tabasheer" in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effect of a traditional unani formulation "qurs tabasheer" in streptozotocin (stz) induced diabetic wistar rats. up till now no study was undertaken to appraise the efficacy of "qurs tabasheer" in the diabetic rats. qurs tabasheer is a unani formulation restraining preparations from five various herbs namely tukhme khurfa (portulaca oleracea seed), gule surkh (rosa damascena flower), gulna ...201323305114
enhanced proton translocating pyrophosphatase activity improves nitrogen use efficiency in romaine lettuce.plant nitrate (no3(-)) acquisition depends on the combined activities of root high- and low-affinity no3(-) transporters and the proton gradient generated by the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase. these processes are coordinated with photosynthesis and the carbon status of the plant. here, we present the characterization of romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa 'conquistador') plants engineered to overexpress an intragenic gain-of-function allele of the type i proton translocating pyrophosphatase (h(+)-ppas ...201323307651
development of genomic ssr markers for fingerprinting lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) cultivars and mapping genes.lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) is the major crop from the group of leafy vegetables. several types of molecular markers were developed that are effectively used in lettuce breeding and genetic studies. however only a very limited number of microsattelite-based markers are publicly available. we have employed the method of enriched microsatellite libraries to develop 97 genomic ssr markers.201323339733
[antiviral activity of extracts of transgenic cichory and lettuce plants with the human interferon alpha-2b gene].biological activity of protein extracts from transgenic plants of chicory cichorium intybus l. and lettuce lactuca sativa l. with human interferon alpha2b gene was investigated against vesicular stomatitis virus. it was shown that the extracts from the hairy roots of chicory and lettuce transformed by a. rhizogenes possess the antiviral activity 1620...5400 iu/g weight, and the extracts from leaves of the plants transformed by a. tumefaciens--till 9375 iu/g weight. dependence of plant extract bi ...201223342646
the influence of two lithium forms on the growth, l-ascorbic acid content and lithium accumulation in lettuce plants.lithium (li) is a trace element that is essential in the human diet due to its importance for health and proper functioning of an organism. however, the biological activity of this metal in crop plants, which are the primary dietary sources of li, is still poorly understood. the aim of the presented study was to comparatively analyse two li chemical forms on the growth, as well as the l-ascorbic acid content, the li accumulation and translocation in butterhead lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. cap ...201323354541
bioactivities of volatile components from nepalese artemisia species.the essential oils from the leaves of artemisia dubia, a. indica, and a. vulgaris growing wild in nepal were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. the major components in a. dubia oil were chrysanthenone (29.0%), coumarin (18.3%), and camphor (16.4%). a. indica oil was dominated by ascaridole (15.4%), isoascaridole (9.9%), trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (9.7%), and trans-verbenol (8.4%). the essential oil of nepalese a. vulgaris was rich in alpha-thujone (30.5%), 1,8-cineole (12.4%) ...201223413575
comparison of photocatalytic degradation of dyes in relation to their structure.the photocatalytic degradation of a series of six acid dyes (direct red 80, direct red 81, direct red 23, direct violet 51, direct yellow 27, and direct yellow 50) has been tested compared in terms of color removal, mineralization, and toxicity (lactuca sativa l. test) after photocatalysis on immobilized titanium dioxide. the dyes were examined at their natural ph and after hydrolysis at ph 12. results show that hydrolysis decreases strongly the efficiency of color removal, that full mineralizat ...201323423868
modelling metal-metal interactions and metal toxicity to lettuce lactuca sativa following mixture exposure (cu²⁺-zn²⁺ and cu²⁺-ag⁺).metal toxicity to lettuce lactuca sativa was determined following mixture exposure based on the concepts of concentration addition (ca) and response addition (ra). on the basis of conventional models assuming no interaction between mixture components, ag(+) was the most toxic, followed by cu(2+) and zn(2+). furthermore, ion-ion interactions were included in quantitatively estimating toxicity of interactive mixtures of cu(2+)-zn(2+) and cu(2+)-ag(+) by linearly expanding the ca and ra models. abo ...201323429096
[comparative analysis of parasite detection methods in vegetables for human consumption].vegetable contamination is a persistent health problem. the different methods of processing and diagnosis make it difficult to determine the most effective and sensitive technique.201323431633
iodine effects on phenolic metabolism in lettuce plants under salt stress.iodine, applied as iodate in biofortification programs (at doses of ≤80 μm), has been confirmed to improve the foliar biomass, antioxidant response, and accumulation of phenol compounds in lettuce plants. the changes in phenolic compounds induced by the iodate application appear to have functional consequences in the response of salt-stressed plants. thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the application of iodate can improve the response of severe salinity stress and whethe ...201323445402
complete chloroplast genome sequences of mongolia medicine artemisia frigida and phylogenetic relationships with other plants.artemisia frigida willd. is an important mongolian traditional medicinal plant with pharmacological functions of stanch and detumescence. however, there is little sequence and genomic information available for artemisia frigida, which makes phylogenetic identification, evolutionary studies, and genetic improvement of its value very difficult. we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of artemisia frigida based on 454 pyrosequencing.201323460871
isolation of phenolic compounds from iceberg lettuce and impact on enzymatic browning.enzymatic browning is generally reported as the reaction between phenolic substances and enzymes. the quality of iceberg lettuce is directly linked to this discoloration. in particular, the color change of lettuce stems considerably reduces consumer acceptance and thus decreases sales revenue of iceberg lettuce. ten phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, phaseolic acid, chicoric acid, isochlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-o-glucuronide, quercetin-3-o-glucuronide, quercetin-3-o-galactoside ...201323473017
performance and feeding behaviour of two biotypes of the black currant-lettuce aphid, nasonovia ribisnigri, on resistant and susceptible lactuca sativa near-isogenic lines.the black currant-lettuce aphid, nasonovia ribisnigri, is an important pest of cultivated lettuce, lactuca sativa. since 1982, the control of this aphid on lettuce is largely based on host plant resistance, conferred by the nr gene, introgressed from lactuca virosa. the resistance mechanism remains to be identified. n. ribisnigri populations virulent on the nr-based resistance in lettuce have emerged in several locations in europe since 2007. the objective of this study was to investigate the re ...201323480294
bioavailability of barium to plants and invertebrates in soils contaminated by barite.barium (ba) is a nonessential element to terrestrial organisms and is known to be toxic at elevated concentrations. in this study, the bioavailability and toxicity of ba in barite (baso4) contaminated soils was studied using standard test organisms (lactuca sativa l. "great lakes", eisenia fetida). contamination resulted from barite mining activities. barium concentrations in contaminated soils determined by x-ray fluorescence were in the range 0.13-29.2%. barite contaminated soils were shown to ...201323484806
expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase4 is essential for thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination but not for seed development or stress tolerance.thermoinhibition, or failure of seeds to germinate at warm temperatures, is common in lettuce (lactuca sativa) cultivars. using a recombinant inbred line population developed from a lettuce cultivar (salinas) and thermotolerant lactuca serriola accession uc96us23 (uc), we previously mapped a quantitative trait locus associated with thermoinhibition of germination to a genomic region containing a gene encoding a key regulated enzyme in abscisic acid (aba) biosynthesis, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxy ...201323503626
rnaseq-based transcriptome analysis of lactuca sativa infected by the fungal necrotroph botrytis cinerea.the fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea establishes a necrotrophic interaction with its host plants, including lettuce (lactuca sativa), causing it to wilt, collapse and eventually dry up and die, which results in serious economic losses. global expression profiling using rnaseq and the newly sequenced lettuce genome identified a complex network of genes involved in the lettuce-b. cinerea interaction. the observed high number of differentially expressed genes allowed us to classify them according t ...201323534608
preillumination of lettuce seedlings with red light enhances the resistance of photosynthetic apparatus to uv-a.seedlings of 10-day-old lettuce (lactuca sativa l., cultivar berlin) were preilluminated by low intensity red light (λmax=660 nm, 10 min, 5 μmol quanta m(-2) s(-1)) and far-red light (λmax=730 nm, 10 min, 5 μmol quanta m(-2) s(-1)) to study the effect of pre-treatment on photosynthesis, photochemical activity of photosystem ii (psii), the contents of photosynthetic and uv-a-absorbing pigments (uaps) and h2o2, as well as total and ascorbate peroxidase activities in cotyledonary leaves of seedling ...201323548435
an ultra-high-density, transcript-based, genetic map of lettuce.we have generated an ultra-high-density genetic map for lettuce, an economically important member of the compositae, consisting of 12,842 unigenes (13,943 markers) mapped in 3696 genetic bins distributed over nine chromosomal linkage groups. genomic dna was hybridized to a custom affymetrix oligonucleotide array containing 6.4 million features representing 35,628 unigenes of lactuca spp. segregation of single-position polymorphisms was analyzed using 213 f7:8 recombinant inbred lines that had be ...201323550116
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