Publications

mechanism of clostridium perfringens type a enteropathy.		1979	233010
[microbial contamination in concentrated animal feed and raw materials for its production].		1979	233040
isolation and characterization of antibodies to clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin from hyperimmune horse serum.	antibodies against epsilon toxin were isolated from hyperimmune horse serum by affinity chromatography. purified epsilon prototoxin covalently bound to affigel 202 was used as immunosorbent, and antibodies were eluted with 6.0 m guanidine chloride. in a single run 80 mg of antibody could be recovered from a 20 microliter column of immunosorbent. the antibody was shown to belong to the igg(t) class of immunoglobulins.	1979	233148
the prevention of pig-bel in papua new guinea.	in many highlands hospitals pig-bel is the commonest cause of death in children over 12 months of age. in a double blind controlled trial in sina sina we have shown that clostridium welchii type c beta toxoid (beta toxoid) protects against pig-bel (p < 0.02). of 2,538 children given beta toxoid, two developed pig-bel in the following two years. seventeen of 2,532 control children vaccinated with tetanus toxoid developed pig-bel. we suggest that beta toxoid be given to highlands children at two, ...	1979	233174
the pathogenesis of pig-bel in papua new guinea.		1979	233175
the typing of cl. perfringens and the veterinary background.		1979	233176
clostridium welchii type c antitoxin in the treatment of "pig bel" (enteritis necroticans): a controlled trial in papua new guinea.	enteritis necroticans remains a serious problem in the highlands of papua new guinea. earlier claims that clostridium welchii type c antitoxin is effective in lowering mortality rates were subjected to a prospective controlled trial in 1972-73. use of the antitoxin was found to be of no benefit in treatment of this disease.	1979	233177
the occurrence of clostridium welchii type c in papua new guinea.		1979	233178
purification and some effects of clostridium welchii type c beta toxin.		1979	233179
food poisoning caused by clostridium perfringens (c. welchii) type a.		1979	233180
antimicrobial activity of metronidazole in anaerobic bacteria.	the antimicrobial activity of metronidazole was investigated in anaerobic bacteria by use of time-viability studies. this antimicrobial agent has a rapid onset of bactericidal activity under proper reducing conditions. the bactericidal rates were not affected by inoculum size or nutritional requirements, nor by inhibition of growth and protein synthesis by chloramphenicol. using supernatant fractions of actively growing cultures of susceptible organisms, we observed a disappearance of metronidaz ...	1978	233729
clostridium perfringens septicaemia associated with liver cirrhosis.		1979	233813
flat bed gel isoelectric focusing of neuraminidases.		1975	234196
grain overload in cattle and sheep: changes in microbial populations in the cecum and rumen.	samples from the rumen and cecum of cattle and sheep were cultured to determine changes in microbial populations resulting from overfeeding with grain. before the animals were overfed, the predominant organisms from both sides were those that grew anaerobically on a relatively nonselective ruminal fluid medium and would not grow on selective mediums designed to culture lactobacilli, streptococci, coliforms, or clostridium perfringens. by 24 hours after overfeeding, lactic acid bacteria had incre ...	1975	234213
1-alkyl-2-nitroimidazol-5-yl derivatives. i.		1975	235267
effect of lysozyme on ionic forms of spores of clostridium perfringens type a.	h spores of clostridium perfringens type a (two strains) were more sensitive to germination by lysozyme than native spores. resistance to lysozyme of h spores was restored by calcium loading.	1975	236284
isoelectric focusing in thin layer polyacrylamide gel combined with a zymogram method for detecting enzyme microheterogeneity: sample application.		1975	236690
[ornithine transcarbamylase in clostridium perfingens].	five strains of a type cl. perfringens of different titres of toxicity (bp6k, sr-12, 2836, 2910, 1) possessed a distinct activity of ornithine transcarbamylase. in cells the maximal activity of the enzyme was observed within 3-5 hrs of growth of the culture. the enzyme was partially purified and some of its physico-chemical properties were studied. ornithine transcarbamylase was termostable. monoiodine acetate, p-chloromercurybenzoate, semicarbazide, hg-2+, cu-2+ and fe-3+ inhibited the enzymati ...	1975	237365
[carbonic acid in the metabolism of bacteria of the genus clostridium].		1975	237586
nutritional requirements for growth and sporulation of clostridium perfringens.		1975	237860
preparation of a glycoprotein fraction from pooled human plasma and its evaluation as a substrate for the assay of clostridium welchii (c. perfringens) neuraminidase.	a glycoprotein fraction (fraction vii) suitable for use as a substrate in assays of microbial neuraminidase was prepared from pooled human plasma. it is pasteurised during preparation to eliminate the risk of transmission of serum hepatitis. this results in polymerisation of some of the gamma1-acid glycoprotein, but fraction vii is shown to be an excellent substrate for the neuraminidase of clostridium welchii (c. perfringens). a sensitive assay procedure is described. a number of factors may in ...	1975	238036
reactions of fluorescent probes with normal and chemically modified myelin.	the fluorescent probes 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ans) and 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (tns) bind to highly purified myelin membranes obtained from bovine brain white matter. binding of the dyes was markedly increased by environmental conditions which reduce the negative surface potential of the membrane, i.e., cations (la-3+ is greater than ca-2+ is greater than na-+,k-+), h-+, local anesthetics, and the antibiotic polymyxin b. chemical alteration of accessible membrane charged ...	1975	238581
the relationship between different forms of human alpha-mannosidase.	the tissue distribution and some properties of human alpha-mannosidase (alpha-d-mannoside mannohydrolase ec 3.2.1.24) have been studied. the acidic forms of the enzyme were fairly stable, whereas the neutral forms easily lost enzymic activity. the acidic forms were sensitive to neuraminidase but the neutral forms were unaffected. the experiments indicate that the acidic components are closely related to each other, differing only in sialic acid content and possibly conformation. the neutral form ...	1975	238600
purification and characterization of guinea pig lymphotoxin produced by lymph node cells stimulated by phytohemagglutinin.	guinea pig lymphotoxin (lt) produced by stimulation of lymph node cells with phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin was purified approximately 1,000-fold in specific activity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-sephadex column chromatography, and gel filtration on sephadex g-100. the properties of lt tested at the various stages of purification revealed that the lt was a heat-sensitive, protease-sensitive proteinaceous substance, and its approximate molecular weight was estimated to be 50,000 ...	1975	239474
evaluation of bacteriological transport systems.	seven commercially manufactured bacteriological transport systems, including culturette, trans-cul (with stuart and amies), handiswab, securline (with amies and amies without charcoal) and culture caddy, were evaluated to determine whether these systems were capable of maintaining the viability and constant numbers of mixtures of hardy, fastidious and anaerobic organisms over 72 hours at 25c and 4c. the results of the study indicated that if specimens are maintained in transport systems at 25c t ...	1975	239597
asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chains of igg: a revised structure.		1975	239717
1-alkyl-2-nitroimidazol-5-yl derivatives ii. n-substituted nitrones.		1975	239726
regulation of breakdown and synthesis of l-glutamate decarboxylase in clostridium perfringens.	l-glutamate decarboxylase (gad) activity of clostridium perfringens (atcc 8009) cells grown in various culture conditions was investigated. remarkable variations of gad level occur during the growth cycle in thioglycollate broth. these changes are affected by the ph of the culture medium. addition of alkali to the culture media results in decrease of cell gad activity, whereas increase of enzyme level occurs only in cells growing in unbuffered media. the results indicate that the mechanism regul ...	1975	239920
cytotoxic contaminants in commercial clostridium perfringens neuraminidase preparations purified by affinity chromatography.		1975	239961
[michaelis constants of neuraminidases of pathogenic and apathogenic microorganisms (author's transl)].	the km-values of neuraminidases from different pathogenic and apathogenic microorganisms have been determined on low and high molecular substrates. the substrate specificity and the affinity to the different types of substrates in relation to the pathogenicity of the microorganisms are discussed.	1975	241169
public health importance of clostridium perfringens.		1975	241737
hematological findings in acute infections and septicemias.	this paper is a report on twelve cases of septicemia, the diagnosis made possible by medical technologists observing the degenerative morphological findings in the peripheral blood smears. this led to the finding of microorganisms, prior to the bacteriological confirmation, in an active emergency department. it also includes four case reports in which the organism was identified: a meningococcus, a pneumonococcus, an escherichia coli, and a clostridium perfringens (welchii).	1975	242218
endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases acting on carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins: purification and properties of the two enzymes with different specificities from clostridium perfringens.		1975	242275
renal adenocarcinoma complicated by clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene) myocarditis.		1978	278322
in vitro activity of cefoxitin and parenterally administered cephalosporins against anaerobic bacteria.	the in vitro activity of cefoxitin against 221 recent isolates of anaerobic bacteria was compared with that of cefamandole and cefuroxime by the agar dilution technique. at achievable serum levels of 32 micrograms/ml, all three drugs were active against most groups of anaerobic bacteria tested. cefoxitin was active against most strains of the bacteroides fragilis group, whereas cefamandole and cefuroxime were relatively ineffective. cefoxitin was least active against clostridium species other th ...	1979	318226
influence of cationic triphenylmethane dyes upon dna polymerization and product hydrolysis by escherichia coli polymerase i.	the cationic triphenylmethane dyes crystal violet, methyl green, and malachite green inhibited dna synthesis catalyzed by escherichia coli b polymerase i (polymerase i). lower concentrations of the dyes inhibited dna replication as a direct function of the proportion of at to gc in the dna of clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, and micrococcus lysodeikticus. when the intercalant proflavin was employed, the gc-rich micrococcal dna was most severely inhibited. in addition, both the tripheny ...	1977	318853
calcium ion-dependent diacylglycerol accumulation in erythrocytes is associated with microvesiculation but not with efflux of potassium ions.	erythrocytes from several different species were exposed to ca2+ and the bivalent-cation ionophore a23187. the lipid composition, morphology and k+ permeability of the treated cells were investigated. erythrocytes from human, rat, guinea pig and rabbit (a) showed an increased concentration of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol and enhanced labelling of phosphatidate with 32p, (b) underwent echinocytosis and outward vesiculation, and (c) rapidly released much of their intracellular k+. pig cells showed only ...	1977	339908
qualitative study of paradoxical zone phenomenon of penicillins against 17 bacterial species of clinical importance.	using a triple agar layer technique and enzymatic inactivation of penicillin, the occurrence of a paradoxical zone phenomenon (illustrated by a typical 'target' image around the reservoir of antibiotic) was determined for several bacterial species specially chosen with regards to their taxonomic position, clinical importance and penicillin susceptibility. among gram-positive bacteria, a paradoxical zone was obtained for approximately 43% of the strains studied here (all 10 strains of staphylococ ...	1978	340171
[the quantitative composition of the gastrointestinal flora in piglets during the first weeks of life. 1. the development of the gastrointestinal flora in naturally reared piglets].	studies were conducted into the quantitative composition of the gastro-intestinal flora of 30 naturally raised piglets in four age groups. the gastro-intestinal tract was found to be "flooded" by escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, micrococci, streptococci, proteus, and lactobacteria over the first hours after birth. development of the intestinal flora was complete at the age of four days. the groups of germs recordable from naturally and artificially raised piglets were, basically, the s ...	1978	352300
pathogenesis of mucosal injury in the blind loop syndrome.	bacterial extracts were prepared from cultures originating in chronic self-filling intestinal blind loops in rats. their ability to remove active maltase molecules from isolated brush border membranes was studied in vitro. twelve strains in 51 tested, belonging to one of three species, bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfringens, and streptococcus fecalis, possessed maltase-releasing activity. the ability to remove maltase correlated well with the ability to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl-tert-butylo ...	1978	359400
the effects of temperature and ethidium bromide on the banding of heat-denatured dna in gradients of nai.	the effects of temperature and ethidium bromide on the banding of heat-denatured dna was studied during equilibrium centrifugation in density gradients of nai. centrifugation at 10 degrees c prevents the partial renaturation of escherichia coli dna and clostridium perfringens dna that occurs at 20 degrees c. a centrifugation temperature of --5 degrees c is required to prevent renaturation of t7 phage dna. ethidium bromide decreases renaturation of escherichia coli dna during centrifugation at 20 ...	1979	369610
acute appendicitis and bacteroides fragilis.	bacteria belonging to the bacteroides fragilis group (b. fragilis, b. ovatus, b. vulgatus, b. distasonis, b. thetaiotaomicron and b. uniformis) were cultured in quantities of less than or equal to 10(5) c.f.u./ml from the excised appendix from 30 patients. twenty-two patients (group i) had an acute purulent appendicitis (three with perforation), four were classified as slightly inflamed cases (group 2) and four had a normal appendix (group 3). the b. fragilis group of bacteria dominated among th ...	1979	379991
controlled cell disruption: a comparison of the forces required to disrupt different micro-organisms.	a cell disrupter has been developed which can measure the forces required to disrupt both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. it operates a continuous process and will disrupt both large and small volumes. shear forces are set up when a suspension under laminar flow conditions is released under high pressure through a short orifice. if the applied pressure is altered, the shear forces are simultaneously changed so that the amount of cell disruption can be compared under different known and repeata ...	1979	422681
[intestinal gas gangrene originating from the gallbladder: diagnosis, therapy, report of 2 cases].	the problems of diagnosis and therapy of gas gangrene of the gastrointestinal tube and the gallbladder are discussed. 2 cases of gas edema of the gallbladder due to clostridium perfringens are reported. one of the patients survived. the early diagnosis of gas gangrene is important because of the extraordinary way of infection and the necessary early surgical and medicamentous therapy.	1979	447171
core nucleosomes by digestion of reconstructed histone-dna complexes.	reconstructed complexes of the inner histones (h2a, h2b, h3, h4) and a variety of dnas were digested with micrococcal nuclease to yield very homogeneous populations of core nucleosomes (nu 1). nucleosomes containing micrococcus luteus dna (72% g+c); chicken dna (43% g+c), clostridium perfringens dna (29% g+c); or poly(a-dt.poly(da-dt) have been examined by circular dichroism, thermaldetenaturation, electron microscopy, and dnase i digestion. circular dichroism spectra of all particles show a ty ...	1979	450703
emphysematous cystitis associated with clostridium perfringens bacteremia.	anaerobes are recognized rarely as the cause of urinary tract infection. a case is reported in which there were clinical signs of sepsis, positive blood culture for clostridium perfringens and radiographic demonstration of emphysematous cystitis without any other recognized source of infection.	1979	458961
monomer-micelle transition of the ganglioside gm1 and the hydrolysis by clostridium perfringens neuraminidase.	the action of clostridium perfringens neuraminidase on the ganglioside gm1 tritiated in the ceramide moiety was studied. the rates of hydrolysis of the gm1 ganglioside were determined from radioactivity in the neutral glycolipid product, which was separated from the substrate on deae-sephadex columns. in order to study the physical state of the substrate in the conditions used in the neuraminidase treatment, the critical micelle concentrations of the gm1 ganglioside were determined using formati ...	1979	467431
action of arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase on sialoglycolipid substrates. mode of action and highly specific recognition of the oligosaccharide moiety of ganglioside gm1.	a new bacterial sialidase (n-acetylneuraminate glycohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.18) isolated from the culture filtrate of arthrobacter ureafaciens was characterized in detail with respect to its action on sialoglycolipids. strong electrolytes had a reversible inhibitory effect on the action of the enzyme on brain gangliosides in accordance with debye-hückel effect of ionic environment on ionic activity, and resulted in an acidic shift and a broadening of the ph optimum. both ionic and non-ionic detergen ...	1979	468792
survival of anaerobic bacteria in common laboratory diluents.	the survival of six species of anaerobic bacteria was studied in simple or commercially available diluents. bacteroides fragilis and fusobacterium nucleatum showed excellent survival in all diluents including distilled water. fusobacterium mortiferum survived well in all diluents except water and water supplemented with 0.1% gelatain. clostridium perfringens survived best in phosphate-buffered saline with gelatin. peptococcus asaccharolyticus required gelatin added to the basic diluent, and stre ...	1979	479359
deoxyribonucleic acid binding studies on several new anthracycline antitumor antibiotics. sequence preference and structure--activity relationships of marcellomycin and its analogues as compared to adriamycin.	the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) binding characteristics of adriamycin and several new anthracycline glycosides, including marcellomycin, aclacinomycin, rudolfomycin, musettamycin, and pyrromycin, have been studied. the fluorescence spectra were determined for all six anthracyclines, and the fluorescence quenching effects caused by interactions with the natural dnas poly(dadt)--poly(dadt) and poly(dgdc) were characterized. binding parameters were determined by scatchard analyses of results obtain ...	1979	486409
food poisoning in hospitals in scotland.	a review of 50 hospital-based outbreaks of food poisoning which were reported in scotland during 1973--7, is described. at least 1530 persons consuming hospital-prepared food were involved. thirty-one episodes were associated with clostridium perfringens (c. welchii), 11 were due to food-borne salmonella infection, three to enterotoxigenic staphylococcus aureus, and five incidents were of undetermined aetiology. this differs noticeably from the experience in england and wales where salmonellas a ...	1979	489961
clostridium perfringens associated with a focal abscess in a horse.		1979	500433
collaborative evaluation of a proposed reference dilution method of susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria.	an agar dilution method for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria was evaluated to determine whether results obtained would be consistent enough to recommend it as a reference method. the study was conducted in 10 laboratories where the minimum inhibitory concentrations of six antibiotics (carbenicillin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, penicillin g, and tetracycline) were determined against 10 bacterial strains on wilkins-chalgren agar prepared by three manufacturers. minimum inh ...	1979	518079
in vitro activity of ly127935.	ly127935 is a unique new beta-lactam antibiotic. its activity against 536 clinical isolates was studied by using microdilution methods of susceptibility testing and compared with the activities of cefamandole, cefoxitin, and cephalothin. the lowest concentrations required to inhibit at least 90% of strains tested (mic(90)s) of ly127935 for staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, and streptococcus pneumoniae ranged from 2 to 8 mug/ml. the mic(90)s for other staphy ...	1979	518080
asymmetric manipulation of the membrane lipid bilayer of intact human erythrocytes with phospholipase a, c, or d induces a change in cell shape.	changes in the membrane morphology and phospholipid content of human erythrocytes were determined after incubation of intact cells with each of various exogeneous phospholipases (plases). plase a2 from naja naja or bee venom induced crenation of the cells in parallel with hydrolysis of the membrane phosphatidylcholine (pc). this crenated cell shape was reversed to a biconcave disc or cup-like form by a further treatment with lysophospholipase. in contrast, bacterial plase c from clostridium perf ...	1979	521437
gas gangrene and clostridium perfringens septicemia associated with the use of an indwelling radial artery catheter.		1979	534977
efficacy of lincomycin feed medication for the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler-type chickens.	necrotic enteritis was reproduced in two trials, conducted in a penned research-type broiler facility, by growing broiler-type chickens on litter obtained from a commercial poultry house which had experienced a chronic necrotic enteritis mortality problem. in each trial, various concentrations of lincomycin in feed were evaluated for effectiveness in controlling necrotic enteritis. lincomycin was evaluated at concentrations of 2 to 100 g./ton in trial 1 and at concentrations of 2 and 4 g./ton in ...	1977	611495
production of an antibiotic substance by bacillus licheniformis within the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice.	in monoxenic mice, vegetative cells and spores of bacillus licheniformis were enumerated and in vivo antibiotic production was measured at various levels of the digestive tract and in the feces. the apparent independence of vegetative cell and spore populations in the cecum and feces, as well as the marked fluctuations of these two populations in the stomach and small intestine, suggested that sporulation of b. licheniformis and production of antibiotic occur only in the upper levels of the dige ...	1978	626497
a circular dichroism study of dna.platinum complexes. differentiation between monofunctional, cis-bidentate and trans-bidentate platinum fixation on a series of dnas.	the circular dichroism (cd) spectra of a series of dna . platinum complexes are presented. the following platinum compounds, [pt(dien)cl]cl, cis-pt(nh3)2cl2, cis-pt(en)cl2, trans-pt-(nh3)2cl2, k[pt(nh3)cl3] and k2[ptcl4] were complexed with the dna extracted from bacteria micrococcus lysodeikticus (72% dg + dc), escherichia coli (50% dg + dc), clostridium perfringens (32% dg + dc) and salmon sperm (41% dg + dc). strong differences were found between the different dna . pt complexes. three types ...	1978	631125
on the significance of sialic acid in high affinity 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by synaptosomes.	synaptosomes isolated from rat brain cortex incorporated [14c]5-hydroxytryptamine at 37 degrees c with high affinity. an apparent transport constant of kt = 50nm was found. the high affinity uptake was decreased by treatment of synaptosomes with neuraminidase from vibrio cholerae or clostridium perfringens prior to incubation with [14c]5-hydroxytryptamine. the inhibition was related to the amount of sialic acid released, with a ki value of 3.5 micrometer. a non-competitive type of inhibition was ...	1978	640586
inhibition of hemolysis by zinc and its reversal by l-histidine.	hemolysis induced by staphylococcal alpha-toxin, staphylococcal beta-toxin, streptolysin o, and streptolysin s was inhibited by zinc ions by virtue of inhibition of an early step in the events leading to lysis, presumably by preventing the lysins from attaching to the plasma membrane. in contrast, in hemolysis induced by clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin and by perfringolysin o, a later step was inhibited by zinc. in hemolysis caused by saponin, lysolecithin, and triton x-100, hemoglobin was p ...	1978	640726
hela dna polymerase alpha activity in vitro: specific stimulation by a non-enzymic protein factor.	a non-enzymic protein factor that increases the in vitro rate of synthesis by hela dna polymerase alpha 15- to 30-fold with denatured dna as template has been partially purified from the cytoplasmic fraction of hela cells. the stimulatory effect is highly specific for hela dna polymerase alpha and for dna templates that contain extensive regions of single-strandedness. synthesis with denatured dna as template presumably proceeds from 3'-hydroxyl termini formed at loop-back regions since the synt ...	1978	643610
characterization of gangliosides from bovine erythrocyte membranes.	two glucosamine-containing gangliosides, sialosylhexaglycosylceramides, were isolated from bovine erythrocyte membranes. both gangliosides were hydrolyzed by neuraminidase isolated from clostridium perfringens to become neutral hexaglycosylceramides. based on the results of sequential enzymatic hydrolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses of the methylated sugars, the structures of these two gangliosides were shown to be neuacalpha2 leads to 3galbeta1 leads to 4glcnacbeta1 leads ...	1978	649619
[necrotizing enteritis in nursing piglets (clostridium perfringens type c enterotoxemia) in industrialized swine breeding facilities].	outbreaks of necrotising enteritis, caused by clostridium perfringens, type c, among piglets on five industrialised breeding units are reported in this paper. original diagnosis was confirmed by clinical, pathologico-anatomic, histological, and bacteriological tests as well as by the detection of beta toxin from the intestinal matter of piglets after death. cl. per fringens, type c, was successfully isolated from 71.9 per cent of all animals that had died of necrotising enteritis. three forms we ...	1978	666511
[microbiological evaluation of cefoxitin, a new beta-lactamase resistant cephamycin antibiotic, compared to cephalothin, cephaloridine and cefazolin].	cefoxitin (mefoxitin), cephaloridin, cephalothin and cefazolin were tested in vitro against 380 clinical isolates of staph. aureus and enterobacteriaceae using the tube dilution procedure. of the gramnegative microorganisms a selection of 150 strains was examined regarding susceptibility to the antibiotic combinations cefoxitin/gentamicin and cefoxitin/sisomicin in comparison to cephalothin/gentamicin and cephalothin/sisomicin. cefoxitin has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and a high beta-lactama ...	1978	669547
binding of protein chemotactic factors to the surfaces of neutrophil leukocytes and its modification with lipid-specific bacterial toxins.	the binding to neutrophil leukoyctes of human serum albumin (hsa), which is chemokinetic for leukocytes, i.e. influences their rate of locomotion, and of alkali-denatured hsa, which is chemotactic for leukocytes, i.e. influences their direction of locomotion, was studied. native serum albumin showed low affinity binding to the neutrophil surface. denatured serum albumin showed saturable binding with a ka of approximately 1-(6) litres per mole to about 10(6) binding sites per cell. another prote ...	1978	672903
interaction between synthetic analogues of quinoxaline antibiotics and nucleic acids. changes in mechanism and specificity related to structural alterations.	the interaction with dna of six chemically synthesized derivatives of the quinoxaline antibiotics was investigated. five of the compounds bound only weakly to dna or not at all; for these substances spectrophotometric measurements, sedimentation studies with closed circular duplex bacteriophage-pm2 dna and thermal-denaturation profiles were used to determine limits fot the binding constants. no interaction could be detected with two products of degradation of echinomycin (quinomycin a), one of w ...	1978	687364
in vitro activity of tiamulin (81.723 hfu), a new pleuromulin derivative, against clinically significant anaerobes.	the susceptibility of more than 40 strains of gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobes to tiamulin (sandoz 81.723 hfu), a new pleuromulin (pleuromutilin) derivative, was determined by broth dilution and agar dilution tests. the influences of density of the inoculum upon mics was studied by a specially designed pour plate-technique. bacteroides fragilis, b. vulgatus, b. splanchnicus, b. oralis, b. asaccharolyticus, b. melaninogenicus, fusobacterium fusiforme (f. nucleatum), sphaerophorus necroph ...	1978	690009
factors related to the oxygen tolerance of anaerobic bacteria.	the effect of atmospheric oxygen on the viability of 13 strains of anaerobic bacteria, two strains of facultative bacteria, and one aerobic organism was examined. there were great variations in oxygen tolerance among the bacteria. all facultative bacteria survived more than 72 h of exposure to atmospheric oxygen. the survival time for anaerobes ranged from less than 45 min for peptostreptococcus anaerobius to more than 72 h for two clostridium perfringens strains. an effort was made to relate th ...	1978	697363
cytotoxic activity of aeromonas hydrophila.	most strains of aeromonas hydrophila tested demonstrated cytotoxic activity on several tissue-cultured cell lines. the cytotoxin is heat-labile, non-dialyzable, and immunologically distinct from that of shigella dysenteriae and clostridium perfringens. none of the aeromonas isolates was found to be enterotoxigenic by either tissue culture or rabbit ileal loop assays.	1978	711344
[investigation of the hygienic standard in two hospitals including the control of disinfection (author's transl)].	in two operative departments with different architectural presuppositions, the hygienic standard was checked up. under favourable conditions in clinic b (hosch-filter, sluice-systems) the relative frequency of demonstrable bacteria amounted to 55%. in clinic a, where these conditions failed, it amounted to 80%. among the non pathogenic bacteria dnase-negative staphylococci were demonstrated more frequently than others. 13.4% and 18.9% resp. of the bacteria were dnase-positive staphylococci. we u ...	1978	716700
synthesis and quantitative structure--activity relationships of some antibacterial 3-formylrifamycin sv n-(4-substituted phenyl)piperazinoacethydrazones.	a series of 14 3-formylrifamycin sv n-(4-substituted phenyl)piperazinoacethydrazones has been synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. the compounds were found active against bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, mycobacterium phlei, and mycobacterium tuberculosis but not as active as rifampin. the compounds also exhibited significant activity against clostridium perfringens and in this bacterial system some were more active than rifampin. the qsar showed that the activity ...	1978	722738
role of clostridial toxin in the pathogenesis of clindamycin colitis in rabbits.	the pathophysiology of antibiotic-associated colitis was studied in rabbits with severe ileocolitis induced by oral administration of clindamycin. cell-free, sterile filtrates of cecal contents of rabbits with clindamycin colitis contained a toxin that was lethal for mice and cytotoxic for hela-cell monolayers. the toxin was heat labile, was inactivated by pronase but not trypsin, and had a mol wt by gel filtration on sephadex g-100 of 45,000. the toxin was neutralized by antiserum to clostridiu ...	1979	759264
isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria.	anaerobic bacteria make up a predominant part of the normal human flora. adequate specimen collection must avoid contamination with this flora. suitable methods include thoracentesis, transtracheal aspiration, needle and syringe aspiration of closed abscesses, and endocervical aspiration of intrauterine pus. swabs are generally unsuitable. sputum, voided urine, vaginal secretions, and specimens contaminated with feces are not cultured anaerobically. specimens should be transported in an oxygen-f ...	1976	770306
a modified plate holding system for anaerobic cultures.	a modified plate holding system for anaerobes has been developed which: 1) effectively reduces the volume of oxygen-free gas required, 2) promotes earlier bacterial growth, and 3) monitors the anaerobic atmosphere of the holding vessel and the rate of gas flow. cultures of bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfringens, c. septicum, fusobacterium nucleatum, peptococcus sp. and propionibacterium sp. were evaluated for optimal growth. all cultures grew as well as or better when preincubated in the ...	1976	782243
a rapid glutamic decarboxylase test for identification of bacteria.	a simple rapid glutamic decarboxylase test is described. this test was found useful in the identification of escherichia coli, shigella sp., providencia alcalifaciens, clostridium perfringens and bacteroides fragilis.	1976	793504
isolation of clostridium in human infections: evaluation of 114 cases.	one hundred fifty-two strains of clostridium were isolated from 144 patients over a 14-month-peroid. these included 23 recognized species and 23 strains that were unclassified. soft tissues or abscesses yielded 84 strains of clostridium. intraabdominal sites predominated, but clostridia were recovered from empyema, carcinoma, frostbite with gas gangrene, muscle abscess, aortic graft, and brain abscess. blood cultures yielded 65 strains of clostridium from 49 patients, representing 0.3% of 16,314 ...	1975	805193
competitive effects of intestinal microflora on vibrio cholerae in gnotobiotic mice.	the coexistence of vibrio cholerae and several intestinal bacteria was determined in gnotobiotic mice. the bacteria tested included a bacteroides sp, clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens type a, 2 separate isolates of escherichia coli, 2 different lactobacilli, 2 separate isolates of proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas maltophilia, and streptococcus faecalis. each species of bacteria became established and was recovered repeatedly from the stools during the studies. no single strain or spec ...	1975	807775
[normal status of bac. cereus and cl. perfringens in the body of healthy slaughter animals].	studied were cattle, pigs, sheep, and young calves intended for slaughter. the experiments were carried out under productional conditions, strictly observing the routinely adopted practice of preslaughter handling. the blood of the animals was sampled prior to slaughter. samples from the meat (musculature), spleen, kidneys, liver, mesenterial and body lymph nodes as well as feces were taken immediately after slaughter. it was established that bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens were almo ...	1976	816051
the effect of phospholipase c on human blood platelets.	the effect of phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.3) on human blood platelets has been studied. phospholipase c from bacillus cereus was purified to homogeneity as judged by analytical and sodium dodecyl sulphate disc gel electrophoresis and by immunoelectrophoresis. human platelets isolated from platelet-rich plasma by gel filtration or by centrifugation and washing were incubated with phospholipase c. a loss of 20-45% of the total platelet phospholipid was observed, whereas 88% was hydrolyzed when plate ...	1976	819457
preparation and characterization of armadillo submandibular glycoproteins.	the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus peters) was chosen for this study so that a comparison could be made of the salivary mucus glycoproteins of an ancient mammalian species with those derived from previously studied, more highly evolved species. two mucus glycoproteins, armadillo submandibular glycoprotein a and armadillo submandibular glycoprotein b, were prepared from the armadillo submandibular gland by a modification of the method of tettamanti & pigman (1968) (arch. bi ...	1977	851423
comparative growth rates of selected anaerobic species in four commonly used broth media.	generations times (g(t)) of selected anaerobic species were compared in four culture media commonly used for anaerobic bacteria to evaluate these media for growing inocula for anaerobic antibiotic susceptibility determinations. twenty-two clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis, fusobacterium spp., clostridium perfringens, and clostridium spp. were tested in schaedler broth, supplemented lombard-dowell broth, supplemented thioglycolate broth, and supplemented peptone-yeast extract-glucose brot ...	1977	856002
comparative susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to ticarcillin, cefoxitin, metronidazole, and related antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro antimicrobial activity of two newer agents, ticarcillin and cefoxitin, against 204 recent clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria was determined by an agar dilution technique, and compared to their related compounds carbenicillin, cephalothin, and penicillin, as well as metronidazole, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol. ticarcillin was similar to carbenicillin, and cefoxitin was more active than cephalothin. at readily achievable blood concentrations of each antimicrobial agent, ticar ...	1977	856019
clostridium perfringens infection complicating chemotherapy for choriocarcinoma.	a case of clostridium perfringens sepsis and gas gangrene complicating chemotherapy for gestational choriocarcinoma is reported. the infection was eradicated using antibiotics, surgery, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this unusual but often lethal complication are reviewed.	1976	943077
anaerobic infections in hospital practice.	the role of anaerobes in the pathogenesis of infections was investigated. anaerobes were isolated from 0,25% of blood cultures and from 15,8% of other specimens tested; in 15,1% of cases where anaerobes were isolated, no aerobes were found. the strains most commonly encountered were bacteroides fragilis, b. melaninogenicus, peptostreptococcus anaerobius and clostridium perfringens. sensitivity tests in vitro showed all organisms to be sensitive to clindamycin, metronidazole and chloramphenicol, ...	1976	973160
[gas gangrene panophthalmitis (author's transl)].	gas gangrene panophthalmitis is a rare condition of penetrating injury to the globe. the infecting organism is usually clostridium perfringens. characteristic symptoms are a brawny swelling of the lids, marked chemosis, coffee-coloured discharge, hypopyon, ring abscess of the cornea, formation of gas bubbles in the anterior chamber, rise of intraocular tension and early amaurosis. treatment consists in the evisceration or enucleation of the globe, rarely in the exenteration of the orbit. antibio ...	1976	979027
[studies on the composition of the fecal flora of healthy dogs with the special references of lactobacillus flora and bifidobacterium flora (author's transl)].	with the new method the fecal flora of 13 clinically healthy dogs aged 3 to 42 months was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. it was characterized by that bacteroidaceae constituted the most prodominant flora, catenabacteria, streptococci, peptostreptococci, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria were the next most numerous, enterobacteria consisted the accompanying flora. the numbers of clostridium perfringens were remarkably fluctuated and seem to be influenced by the composition of the food i ...	1976	983534
histone redistribution and conformational effect on chromatin induced by formaldehyde.	histone redistributions between endogenous dna in calf thymus chromatin and exogenous dna from clostridium perfringens (69% a + t) or from micrococcus luteus (30% a + t) induced by 0.6 m nacl or by 2% formaldehyde were studied by thermal denaturation. the observed redistribution occurred on histone hl when the exogenous dna was (a + t)-richer than the dna in chromatin, and when the mixture was exposed to 0.6 m nacl or formaldehyde. when a (g + c)-richer dna was added as the acceptor for histones ...	1976	987800
pathophysiology in the acute afferent loop syndrome. a study in rats.	the afferent loop syndrome, i.e. occlusion of an afferent intestinal loop after a billroth ii partial gastrectomy, was induced in rats. after various time intervals the animals were killed and the haematocrit and serum osmolality were determined. the content of the occluded loop was analysed with respect to volume, bacterial flora and osmolality. in some cases a sample of the content was incubated at 37 degrees c and the osmolality determined at regular intervals. groups of animals were studied ...	1976	1007793
the importance of clostridia in experimental intestinal strangulation.	hemorrhagic and ischemic strangulation of closed intestinal segments was sutdied in germ-free rats individually monocontaminated with one of eight separate species of clostridia. ischemic strangulation was found to be as deadly as hemorrhagic strangulation in the presence of clostridia. some clostridia were very toxic whereas others were relatively innocuous. the clostridia, ranked in the order of decreasing lethality, were: clostridium perfringens type a, c. septicum, c. histolyticum, c. haemol ...	1976	1085711
responses of clostridium botulinum type b and e progenitor toxins to some clostridial sulfhydryl-dependent proteases.	sulfhydryl-dependent proteases produced by clostridium botulinum types a, b, and f, clostridium histolyticum, clostridium sporogenes and clostridium perfringens activate preferentially type e over type b progenitor toxin but less efficiently than trypsin. the results explain why activable toxin is demonstrable in culture of a strongly proteolytic type b strain.	1975	1104932
clostridium septicemia following biliary surgery in a gastrectomized patient.	a 75-year-old woman was subjected to biliary surgery 38 years after partial gastrectomy for ulcer. there was a history of gallstones of 10 years duration, pentagastrin-resistant achylia, cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis complicated by stenosis of papilla of vater, cholecystitis and pancreatitis. peroperative cholangiography and biliary tract surgery were performed. on the third postoperative day heavy jaundice and hemolysis developed, leading to death of the patient. culture of bile t ...	1975	1124339
purification of two clostridium bacteriocins by procedures appropriate to hydrophobic proteins.	two clostridocins distinguishable by their different modes of action on clostridium pasteurianum have been isolated, namely, butyricin 7423 found in cultures of clostridium butyricum ncib 7423 and perfringocin 11105 produced by clostridium perfringens type a, ncib 11105. both were trypsin-susceptible proteins which were soluble in concentrated aqueous ethanol and were able to bind large amounts of the nonionic detergent triton x-100. in the presence of triton x-100, butyricin 7423 behaved as a h ...	1975	1137378
[purification and chemical study of a collocalia glycoprotein].	a glycoprotein was purified from the aqueous extract of "edible bird's nest" (collocalia) using free flow preparative electrophoresis and represented the main fraction of collocalia glycoproteins. this glycoprotein is homogeneous upon agarose electrophoresis and slightly polydisperse upon ultracentrifugation (s so 20w = 3,0). the carbohydrate moiety contains galactose, mannose, glucosamine, galactosamine and sialic acid, which is completely released by clostridium perfringens or diplococcus pneu ...	1975	1182216
the reduction of n-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl by the intestinal microflora of the rat.	the role of the intestinal flora in the conversion of n-hydroxy-4-acetyl-aminobiphenyl (n-oh-aabp) to 4-acetylaminobiphenyl has been examined. this reaction, which reverses the metabolic activation of the parent carcinogen, can be demonstrated in cultures of some bacteria indigenous to the intestinal microflora. these include cultures of clostridium sp., clostridium perfringens, peptostreptococcus productus i, and bacteroides fragilis ss. thetaiotaomicron and ss. vulgatus. in contrast, cultures ...	1975	1182690
antigenic structure of wild clostridium perfringens strain type a and its mutants.		1975	1212625
characterization of two glycoasparagines isolated from the urine of patients with aspartylglycosylaminuria (agu).	two major glycoasparagines (2-acetamido-n-(4'-l-aspartyl)-2-deoxy-beta-d-glycosylamines) were isolated from the urine of patients with aspartylglycosylaminuria (agu). they were composed of equimolar amounts of sialic acid, galactose, glucosamine, and aspartic acid. they were isomeric with respect to the position of sialic acid attachment, since they produced the same glycoasparagine on incubation with the neuraminidase from clostridium perfringens. the structure of the resulting sialic acid-free ...	1975	1213985
properties of ecto-(inoganic) pyrophosphatase of nervous system cells in culture. activation upon partial release of sialic acid from the cell surface.	clonal line nn hamster astroblasts and clonal line n18 neuroblasts were treated with phospholipase c-free, protease-free, and hemolysin-free clostridium perfringens sialidase, at a low level (5 x 10(-3) units/ml) so as to maintain cell intactness and to avoid spurious protein effects. a rapid, regular release of sialic acid was achieved. an approximately 9-fold increase in ecto-pyrophosphatase activity could be brought about by action of c. perfringens sialidase for 10 min. since the sialidase p ...	1976	1245485
cytotoxic effects on the plasma membrane of human diploid fibroblasts--a comparative study of leakage tests.	confluent monolayers of human diploid lung fibroblasts were treated with cytolytic agents. the induced membrane damage was investigated by different test systems. changes of membrane permeability were compared with morphological alterations. four tests employed leakage of cytoplasmic markers of different sizes as criteria of membrane damage. radioactive markers of the following decreasing size order were used: [3h]rna (mw greater than 200,000) greater than 51cr greater than [3h]nucleotides great ...	1976	1263610
pellet-gun brain wound complicated by clostridium perfringens meningitis.	a ten-year-old male was hospitalized for a pellet-gun wound to the brain. he developed clostridial meningitis within eighteen hours in spite of radical debridement and prophylactic antibiotics. however, successful recovery was obtained with high levels of penicillin and chloromycetin antibiotic therapy.	1976	1265638