Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| canine infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia found in taiwan. | here were report the first canine infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia (cict) found in taiwan. platelet-specific inclusions were detected in the blood smear of a military working dog. to identify the etiologic agent, the patient's blood was transmitted to three six-month-old german shepherd dogs. the ehrlichia platys-like inclusions were observed six to eight days after inoculation. indirect fluorescent antibody test showed that the serum from the patient reacted specifically with the microorganis ... | 1996 | 8741613 |
| geographic, clinical, serologic, and molecular evidence of granulocytic ehrlichiosis, a likely zoonotic disease, in minnesota and wisconsin dogs. | seventeen minnesota and wisconsin dogs with granulocytic ehrlichosis were studied. the diagnoses were made by finding ehrlichia morulae in peripheral blood neutrophils. eight dogs were studied retrospectively, and nine dogs were studied prospectively. the medical records of all dogs were reviewed. eighty-eight percent of the dogs were purebred and 76% were spayed females. the median age was 8 years. sixty-five percent of the cases were diagnosed in october and november. fever and lethargy were t ... | 1996 | 8748270 |
| demonstration of vertical transmission of cowdria ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater, from cows to their calves. | one of the most important questions about the epidemiology of heartwater in the field is how cowdria ruminatium is transmitted within vertebrate host populations. in this study vertical transmission of c. ruminantium from cows to their calves was demonstrated. twelve mixed-breed calves, born to dams living in a heartwater-endemic area of zimbabwe, were tested post-natally for the presence of c. ruminantium. vertical transmission was demonstrated to occur under natural field conditions using test ... | 1996 | 8750689 |
| colostrum from dams living in a heartwater-endemic area influences calfhood immunity to cowdria ruminantium. | two studies were carried out to determine whether colostrum from dams living in a heartwater-endemic area has an influence on calfhood immunity to cowdria ruminantium infection. the initial study was conducted using friesian calves originating from a heartwater-free herd. experimental groups consisted of calves receiving colostrum from dams living in a heartwater-endemic area and known to be exposed to c. ruminantium (as determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test) and calves receiving ... | 1996 | 8750690 |
| [the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (ixodidae), in germany: an epidemiologic study and control measures]. | between january and december 1995 infestations with rhipicephalus sanguineus were established in 22 dogs in germany. out of these 22 animals 2 originated from the endemic area of this tick species, spain and the dominican republic and 11 dogs accompanied their owner to the mediterranean countries, 5 to italy, 3 to france, 2 to spain and 1 animal to greece. six dogs had never left germany and with 3 dogs the way of infestation could not be reconstructed. in 16 cases an abundant occurrence of r. s ... | 1996 | 8765542 |
| progress and priorities in research on heartwater. | 1996 | 8784481 | |
| uncharacterized ehrlichia spp. may contribute to clinical heartwater. | 1996 | 8784482 | |
| amino acid and protein depletion in medium of cell cultures infected with cowdria ruminantium. | cowdria ruminantium (rickettsiales) causes heartwater in ruminants of africa, and some islands off africa and in the caribbean sea. the in vitro culture method for the organism devised in 1985, which provided for the first time a means for production of adequate quantities of live organisms and their products, is erratic and requires improvement. we studied depletion of amino acids (aas) and major proteins in culture medium taken daily from infected and uninfected ovine and bovine vascular endot ... | 1996 | 8784483 |
| recombinant expression and use in serology of a specific fragment from the cowdria ruminantium map1 protein. | the major antigenic protein (map1) of cowdria ruminantium was screened for immunogenic regions by expression of overlapping recombinant dna clones of the gene encoding the map1 protein. two regions, designated map1-a and map1-b, were recognized by all antisera to 9 different isolates of c. ruminantium. map1-a contained one or more epitopes responsible for false-positive reactions with ehrlichia antisera in several serological tests for cowdriosis. cross-reactivity with map1-b was limited to anti ... | 1996 | 8784484 |
| genetic resistance of creole goats to cowdriosis in guadeloupe. status in 1995. | a genetic predisposition to resistance (r)/susceptibility (s) has been demonstrated for cowdriosis in certain goal lines. in order to identify genetic markers of r/s and to follow their transmission to the offspring, 4 groups of sires and dams were crossbred in 1991, 1992, and 1993: rr, rs, sr, and ss. the offspring were challenged at the age of six months with subsequent challenge of the s parent. from 28 presumed s dams, 7 turned out r and from 2 presumed s sires, 1 was r and the other undefin ... | 1996 | 8784485 |
| artificial feeding systems for ixodid ticks as a tool for study of pathogen transmission. | 1996 | 8784502 | |
| evaluation of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 3 (msp3) as a diagnostic test antigen. | an immunodominant surface protein, major surface protein 3 (msp3), has been proposed as an antigen suitable for use in the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis. we further characterized msp3 to examine its potential as a test antigen for the serological diagnosis of carrier cattle. the specificity of this antigen in detecting infected cattle as well as the conservation of msp3 between strains of anaplasma marginale was evaluated by using immunoblots of a. marginale proteins separated by one- and two ... | 1996 | 8788999 |
| equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis in connecticut caused by an agent resembling the human granulocytotropic ehrlichia. | the first recognized cases of equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis in new england are described. the dna sequence of the 16s rrna gene of the causative ehrlichia was found to be identical to that of the human granulocytotropic ehrlichia, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | 1996 | 8789032 |
| serosurvey for cowdria ruminantium, coxiella burnetii, and spotted fever group rickettsiae in ostriches (struthio camelus) from zimbabwe. | sera from 216 ostriches on nine farms around zimbabwe were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) testing for the presence of antibodies reactive with cowdria ruminantium, coxiella burnetii, and rickettsia africae, a spotted fever group rickettsia. although no reactive antibodies could be detected to c. ruminantium or c. burnetii, 51/216 (35%) sera reacted with r. africae. the seroprevalence in ostriches from the south of zimbabwe was significantly higher than in birds from the north (p ... | 1996 | 8790897 |
| kinetics of serum antiplatelet antibodies in experimental acute canine ehrlichiosis. | the pattern of appearance of serum antiplatelet antibodies during the acute phase of experimental canine ehrlichiosis (ehrlichia canis) was investigated in six beagles and correlated with the development of thrombocytopenia. the earliest detection of serum antiplatelet antibodies was made on day 7 post-inoculation in one dog, on day 13 in three out of six dogs, and on day 17 post-inoculation in the remaining two dogs. thrombocytopenia developed in all infected dogs. the results of this study sug ... | 1996 | 8797272 |
| sequence heterogeneity of the major antigenic protein 1 genes from cowdria ruminantium isolates from different geographical areas. | the genes for the immunodominant major antigenic protein 1 (map1) of cowdria ruminantium from four african and two caribbean isolates were cloned, restriction mapped, and sequenced to identify conserved epitopes for development of serodiagnostic tools for heartwater. restriction length polymorphisms were observed among the respective map1 genes analyzed and were confirmed by sequencing. the sequence data generated for these isolates were compared with data for the previously reported senegal iso ... | 1996 | 8807206 |
| heartwater in ghana: implications for control of ticks. | heartwater, an often fatal rickettsial disease of domestic ruminants transmitted by amblyomma variegatum ticks, ranks with the a. variegatum-associated skin disease dermatophilosis as a major constraint to the upgrading of livestock productivity in ghana. an epidemiological survey, using new diagnostic tests, is being carried out to determine the incidence and distribution of heartwater and other tickborne diseases in ghanaian cattle, sheep and goats. preliminary results from a longitudinal surv ... | 1996 | 8809994 |
| the control of heartwater in west africa--present and future. | heartwater (hw) is the name given to the acute, febrile disease of ruminants caused by infection with the obligate intra-cellular rickettsia cowdria ruminantium. the effect of losses associated with hw and dermatophilosis are an important constraint to the sustainable use of non-indigenous breeds, but recent advances in heartwater and dermatophilosis research provide optimism that integrated control of these conditions can be achieved in west africa. the relevant advances in hw research are in m ... | 1996 | 8809995 |
| exposure to deer blood may be a cause of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | 1996 | 8816164 | |
| necrotizing enterocolitis in horses: a retrospective study. | the clinical and clinicopathologic characteristics of fatal necrotizing enterocolitis were examined in 16 horses (age 4 months to 12 years). at initial presentation, 8 of 16 horses were pyrexic (median temperature, 38.4 degrees c; range, 33.8 to 40.6 degrees c); all 16 were tachycardic (median heart rate, 93 bpm, range, 66 to 138 bpm); 13 of 16 were tachypneic (median heart rate, 36 bpm, range, 16 to 80 bpm), dehydrated, and had discolored mucous membranes. all horses that were pyrexic were also ... | 1996 | 8819053 |
| post-therapy antibody titers in dogs with ehrlichiosis: follow-up study on 68 patients treated primarily with tetracycline and/or doxycycline. | the clinical and serological responses to therapy were evaluated for at least 1 year in 68 dogs with antibody titers positive for ehrlichia canis. treatments were of variable periods with primarily tetracycline hydorchloride and/or doxycycline. sixteen dogs had initial titers of 1:20 and, at the end of the year, were asymptomatic, no longer receiving medication, and had negative serology. the average length of treatment with tetracycline hcl and/or doxycycline was 85 days (range, 14 to 360 days) ... | 1996 | 8819054 |
| a recombinant antigen from the heartwater agent (cowdria ruminatium) reactive with antibodies in some southeastern united states white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), but not cattle, sera. | recombinant baculovirus techniques were used to express the 260 amino acid carboxyterminal portion of the 32 kilodalton (kda) major antigenic protein (map 1) of cowdria ruminantium, the heartwater agent, as a fusion protein. the recombinant map 1 was fused to an aminoterminal independently antigenic octapeptide sequence (flag peptide). recombinant map 1 was used as an immunoblotting antigen to evaluate numerous reference antisera against organisms of the tribe ehrlichieae. monoclonal and polyclo ... | 1996 | 8827667 |
| polymerase chain reaction evidence of ehrlichia chaffeensis, an etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis, in dogs from southeast virginia. | to ascertain whether dogs are naturally infected with ehrlichia chaffeensis. | 1996 | 8836370 |
| central nervous system manifestations of human ehrlichiosis. | since 1989, we have confirmed the diagnosis of human ehrlichiosis in 57 patients. although routine radiological studies of the central nervous system (cns) or analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples were not done for these patients, primary care physicians detected symptoms or signs that prompted them to perform such studies. csf samples were examined for 15 of the 57 patients. findings in eight of the 15 csf samples were abnormal, and the most common abnormalities were lymphocytic pleocyt ... | 1996 | 8842270 |
| specific, nonradioactive detection of the nhp bacterium in penaeus vannamei by in situ hybridization. | necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (nhp) is a disease of farm-raised pacific white shrimp (penaeus vannamei) caused by a pleomorphic intracellular bacterium. a dna probe that is specific for the etiologic agent of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis was devised and tested in an in situ hybridization assay. a procedure was developed for labeling a single-stranded dna probe with digoxigenin by the polymerase chain reaction. the dna probe encompasses the v1 and v2 variable regions of the 16s ribosomal rna ( ... | 1996 | 8844575 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. human ehrlichiosis--maryland, 1994. | 1996 | 8849737 | |
| ehrlichia equi infection associated with rhabdomyolysis. | 1996 | 8853010 | |
| heartwater in sheep and goats: a review. | heartwater (cowdriosis) is an important, often fatal, tick-borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants in sub-saharan africa and some indian ocean and caribbean islands. the causal agent, cowdria ruminantium (cowdry 1925), is a rickettsia closely related to members of the genus ehrlichia, and is probably a part of a complex of genomic species. imported breeds of sheep and goats (especially angoras) are highly susceptible, but indigenous populations of endemic areas may be resistant to infection ... | 1996 | 8856765 |
| seroepidemiology of rickettsial infections in morocco. | the prevalence of antibodies reactive with rickettsia conorii, rickettsia typhi, coxiella burnetii and ehrlichia chaffeensis was investigated using indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) test on human sera obtained from 300 blood donors in casablanca and 126 sera obtained from clinical laboratories in fez. in sera from casablanca, antibodies reactive at titers > or = 1:32 were found against r. conorii (7%), and r. typhi (1.7%), but not against e. chaffeensis. in the sera from fez, antibodies were als ... | 1995 | 8861849 |
| ehrlichia canis-like agent isolated from a man in venezuela: antigenic and genetic characterization. | we report the first isolation and molecular and antigenic characterization of a human ehrlichial species in south america. a retrospective study was performed with serum specimens from 6 children with clinical signs suggestive of human ehrlichiosis and 43 apparently healthy adults who had a close contact with dogs exhibiting clinical signs compatible with canine ehrlichiosis. the evaluation was performed by the indirect fluorescent-antibody assay with ehrlichia chaffeensis arkansas, ehrlichia ca ... | 1996 | 8862572 |
| a 16s rrna-based pcr assay for detection and identification of granulocytic ehrlichia species in dogs, horses, and cattle. | a pcr-based assay was developed for detecting dna of granulocytic ehrlichiae in blood samples from dogs, horses, and cattle, primers were designed from 16s rrna sequence information to specifically amplify dna from a newly identified swedish ehrlichia species. the 16s rrna nucleotide sequence of this swedish species differs in only two and three positions from the sequences of ehrlichia phagocytophila and ehrlichia equi, respectively, which were also amplified by this pcr system. for evaluation, ... | 1996 | 8862579 |
| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: report of a case in northern california. | 1996 | 8879806 | |
| impaired antigen specific responses and enhanced polyclonal stimulation in mice infected with ehrlichia muris. | the immune status of balb/c mice infected by intraperitoneal inoculation with ehrlichia muris was examined. the level of e. muris infection in both peritoneal cavity and spleen was greatest at day 10 postinoculation (pi). thereafter, the infection level was dramatically reduced while the organism persisted for up to 400 days pi. the greatest intraperitoneal infiltration of leukocytes, splenomegaly, and leukocytosis were observed on days 10, 15, and 20 pi, respectively. infected mice developed ma ... | 1996 | 8887352 |
| platelet dysfunction associated with experimental acute canine ehrlichiosis. | to determine whether platelet dysfunction occurs in canine ehrlichiosis, platelet aggregation studies in response to collagen/epinephrine, thrombin and adenosine diphosphate (adp) were carried out by the indirect method, using sera from six dogs experimentally infected with ehrlichia canis. samples of serum taken before infection and four and 20 days after infection were tested by incubation with platelet-rich plasma from a seronegative healthy dog. platelet aggregation was significantly inhibit ... | 1996 | 8890464 |
| the recombinant 120-kilodalton protein of ehrlichia chaffeensis, a potential diagnostic tool. | dna encoding two repeat units of 120-kda protein of ehrlichia chaffeensis was cloned into the expression vector pgex and expressed in escherichia coli. the sensitivity and specificity of a dot blot assay for detection of human antibodies with the recombinant protein were 86 and 100%, respectively, compared with an indirect immunofluorescence assay. | 1996 | 8897200 |
| human ehrlichiosis. | human ehrlichiosis is a newly emergent, tick-borne, zoonotic infection caused by members of the genus ehrlichia. these rickettsia-like, obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacteria produce two similar yet distinct diseases. human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis. human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by an organism closely related to ehrlichia equi. the most common initial clinical findings include fever, malaise, myalgia, headaches and rigors, while the most commo ... | 1996 | 8900357 |
| lyme disease and ehrlichiosis. | this article provides the podiatric practitioner with current information about lyme disease and ehrlichlosis. the material presented assists podiatrists, particularly those practicing in rural areas, in recognizing these tick-bone diseases and in making informed decisions about treatment. the steady increase of these "new and emerging infectious diseases" places additional importance on health care providers, such as podiatrists, to inform the public and help prevent the incidences of tick born ... | 1996 | 8902334 |
| emergence of the ehrlichioses as human health problems. | ehrlichiae are small, gram-negative, obligately intracellular bacteria that reside within a phagosome. the first human ehrlichial infection was recognized in the united states in 1987. it was later shown to be caused by a new species, ehrlichia chaffeensis. in 1994, an ehrlichial pathogen within neutrophils that is closely related to the known veterinary pathogens e. equi and e. phagocytophila was found to infect humans. molecular methods were required to detect, characterize, and identify these ... | 1996 | 8903194 |
| isolation of the equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent, ehrlichia equi, in tick cell culture. | the equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent, ehrlichia equi, is closely related or identical to the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) agent. both are suspected of being transmitted by ticks. we have successfully isolated e. equi in a cell line, ide8, derived from a putative vector, the tick ixodes scapularis. peripheral blood leukocytes from an experimentally infected horse were inoculated onto ide8 monolayers. cultures were incubated in a candle jar at 34 degrees c in tick cell culture mediu ... | 1996 | 8904434 |
| immunoserologic evidence of coinfection with borrelia burgdorferi, babesia microti, and human granulocytic ehrlichia species in residents of wisconsin and minnesota. | in wisconsin and minnesota, ixodes scapularis (ixodes dammini) ticks are the vector of three microorganisms that may cause significant disease in humans and lower mammals. these diseases include lyme borreliosis, which is caused by borrelia burgdorferi, babesiosis, which is caused by babesia microti, and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), which is caused by an apparently new species in the genus ehrlichia. immunoserologic testing was performed on sera from patients with a diagnosis of one of ... | 1996 | 8904446 |
| ehrlichia platys infection in dogs. | 1996 | 8905592 | |
| ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) as a vector of ehrlichia equi (rickettsiales: ehrlichieae). | ehrlichia equi, a rickettsia described from horses in california 30 yr ago, causes equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis throughout the americas and possibly europe. here, we report experimental transmission of e. equi from infected to susceptible horses through bites of western blacklegged ticks, ixodes pacificus (cooley & kohls). in preliminary field studies, only i. pacificus consistently infested horses and vegetation at 3 locations with contemporary cases of equine ehrlichosis, and in particular ... | 1996 | 8906897 |
| site-specific geographic association between amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) infestations and ehrlichia chaffeensis-reactive (rickettsiales: ehrlichieae) antibodies in white-tailed deer. | serum samples from white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus zimmermann, collected from 1982 through 1992 from the southeastern united states were tested for antibodies reactive to ehrlichia chaffeensis anderson, dawson, jones, & wilson, the causative agent of human ehrlichiosis. results were compared between areas based on known infestations of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum l., a suspected vector of e. chaffeensis. one hundred and twenty-five of 300 (41.7%) deer tested positive (> or ... | 1996 | 8906920 |
| a case of concurrent presentation of human ehrlichiosis and lyme disease in connecticut. | this is a case of a long-term connecticut resident who presented with both human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and lyme disease. the etiologic agents and the probability of coinfection are discussed. | 1996 | 8908776 |
| persistent infection of c3h/hej mice by ehrlichia chaffeensis. | description of the pathobiology of the recently described zoonotic agent of human ehrlichiosis (ehrlichia chaffeensis) would be greatly facilitated by the availability of a convenient experimental animal model of infection. we determined whether c3h/hej mice could sustain persistent infection by this predominantly monocyte-inhabiting rickettsia. such mice rapidly produced an intense specific igg response upon inoculation of ehrlichiae, and high titers were demonstrable for more than 6 months the ... | 1996 | 8914255 |
| attempted transmission of ehrlichia canis by rhipicephalus sanguineus after passage in cell culture. | to compare the transmissibility by the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus, of a recent isolate of ehrlichia canis (ebony) with that of another isolate (oklahoma) that had been passaged in cell culture, and to assess the genetic similarity of the 2 isolates as reflected in the nucleotide (nt) sequence of 16s rdna. | 1996 | 8915436 |
| [human ehrlichiosis: report of the 1st case in venezuela]. | human ehrlichiosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by a rickettsia that infects leukocytes. it was described for the first time in the united states of america in 1986. more than 300 cases have been reported in that country. one case has been reported in portugal, two in france and one more in a tourist coming from mali (africa). in venezuela, a tropical country, where ehrlichiosis is endemic in dogs and horses, the first case of human ehrlichiosis is reported in a seventeen month old girl. she in ... | 1996 | 8920030 |
| absence of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (il-6), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression but presence of il-1beta, il-8, and il-10 expression in human monocytes exposed to viable or killed ehrlichia chaffeensis. | ehrlichia chaffeensis is a recently isolated minute gram-negative obligatory intracellular bacterium of monocytes/macrophages and is the etiologic agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. it is not known how macrophages respond when they encounter ehrlichiae in terms of cytokine production. in this study, we examined cytokine mrna expression by incubating e. chaffeensis with thp-1 cells and performing competitive reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). at 2 h postinfection, the levels of interleukin-1 ... | 1996 | 8926090 |
| human ehrlichiosis--maryland, 1994. | ehrlichiosis is an emerging tickborne infectious disease caused by obligate intracellular, gram-negative rickettsia that infect leukocytes. human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) is caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis and is believed to be transmitted by amblyomma americanum (the lone star tick). most hme cases have been reported in southeastern and south-central states. during may-july 1994, five cases of serologically confirmed hme were identified among residents of maryland. all five persons lived ne ... | 1996 | 8926996 |
| evaluation of fetal infection and abortion in pregnant ponies experimentally infected with ehrlichia risticii. | fetal infectivity of ehrlichia risticii was investigated in 19 ponies that were e risticii negative on the basis of results of an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test. thirteen pregnant ponies were infected by iv administration of e risticii between 90 and 180 days of gestation. six pregnant ponies served as noninfected controls. each infected pony had clinical signs of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis, was confirmed to be ehrlichemic, and developed an ifa titer to e risticii. two infected poni ... | 1995 | 8928947 |
| specific amplification of ehrlichia platys dna from blood specimens by two-step pcr. | a two-step pcr method for diagnosis of canine infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia was established. three primers derived from the 16s and rrna gene sequence were used to amplify genomic dna specifically from ehrlichia platys. two-round amplification with dna templates prepared from e. platys-infected blood specimens produced 742- and 385-bp fragments, but these products were not found when an ehrlichia canis-infected blood sample and escherichia coli were used. this method, for which the minimum ... | 1996 | 8940461 |
| recombinant bovine interferon gamma inhibits the growth of cowdria ruminantium but fails to induce major histocompatibility complex class ii following infection of endothelial cells. | recombinant bovine ifn gamma is a potent inhibitor of cowdria ruminantium growth in vitro irrespective of the rickettsial stock, or the origin of the endothelial cells. these results suggest an important role for ifn gamma in protective immune responses against c. ruminantium infections. here we also show that ifn gamma can induce the expression of mhc class ii molecules on the surface of endothelial cells. however, treatment of endothelial cells with ifn gamma following infection with cowdria f ... | 1996 | 8941969 |
| serological evidence of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in norway. | human granulocytic ehriichoisis was first described in 1994. this tick-transmitted illness is increasingly recognized in the usa as well as in europe in areas where ixodes ticks and lyme borreliosis are endemic. blood samples from 58 norwegian patients with physician-diagnosed lyme borreliosis were examined for the presence of antibodies to ehrlichia equi, a surrogate marker of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. the results indicated that 10.2% of the patients may have been co-infecte ... | 1996 | 8950565 |
| pcr detection of acute ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based detection assay that specifically detected ehrlichia canis in dogs with acute infections was developed. a region of the 16s ribosomal rna gene of e. canis was targeted for pcr amplification and chemiluminescent hybridization (ch) with a complementary internal 287-base pair (bp) oligonucleotide probe. the ch improved the pcr assay sensitivity 1,000-fold as compared with visualization on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. the pcr assay with ch (pcr/ch) d ... | 1996 | 8953528 |
| a case of concurrent lyme meningitis with ehrlichiosis. | we report on a case of concurrent lyme meningitis and ehrlichiosis in a patient with occupational exposure to ticks as a logger. the patient had a febrile illness with a reticulate erythematous rash on his upper torso, meningoencephalitis, thrombocytopenia, and hepatitis. acute and convalescent serologies were consistent with a dual infection with lyme disease and ehrlichiosis. ixodes scapularis is the tick that is associated with lyme disease in our area and this tick has also been reported to ... | 1996 | 8953687 |
| epitope mapping by expression of restriction enzyme or pcr fragments in bacterial plasmids. | 1996 | 8959723 | |
| nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of ehrlichia equi genomic dna in horses and ticks (ixodes pacificus). | a nested polymerase chain reaction for detecting ehrlichia equi in horses and ticks (ixodes pacificus) was developed. a major second-round pcr product of 928 bp could be readily visualized in ethidium bromide-stained agarose minigels. an internal probe was used to verify the identity of the amplified product by non-radioactive (digoxigenin-based) southern blotting; additional confirmation was provided by dna sequence analysis. a dilution study testing the sensitivity of the pcr indicated that dn ... | 1996 | 8966998 |
| detection of ehrlichial antigen in plasma of beagle dogs with experimental acute ehrlichia canis infection. | six beagles were experimentally infected with ehrlichia canis. all dogs developed typical clinical signs of ehrlichiosis and sero-converted. ehrlichial antigenemia in the plasma of the infected dogs was detected using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). ehrlichial antigen was present starting 15-20 days post-infection, after the development of clinical signs and antibody titre to ehrlichia canis. the appearance of ehrlichial antigen in the plasma for a relatively short and vari ... | 1996 | 8966999 |
| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in new york state. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is a newly described illness with few reports in the literature. | 1996 | 8967671 |
| analysis of t-cell responses in cattle immunized against heartwater by vaccination with killed elementary bodies of cowdria ruminantium. | cattle were successfully immunized against heartwater with a lysate of cowdria ruminantium formulated in freund's adjuvant. vaccinated animals proved fully resistant to virulent challenge 3 and 10 months after vaccination. for the first time a helper t lymphocyte response to cowdria antigens was observed and characterized. cowdria-specific t-cell lines generated from vaccinated animals by in vitro restimulation with cowdria lysates are 95 to 100% cd4+, are mhc class ii restricted, and produce ga ... | 1997 | 8975917 |
| prospects for subunit vaccines against tick-borne diseases. | tick-borne parasites are a serious impediment to the improvement of live-stock production in the developing world. the major parasites affecting cattle include theileria parva, t. annulata, babesia bigemina, b. bovis, anaplasma marginale and cowdria ruminantium. the control of these infections is dependent on the use of acaricides to decrease transmission by the tick vectors, and immunization of susceptible animals with live vaccines. the use of acaricide is hampered by the development of resist ... | 1996 | 8979421 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of the newly cultivated agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: promising activity of quinolones and rifamycins. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is a rapidly emerging tick-borne infection which presents as an acute febrile illness and is associated with hematologic abnormalities, elevated hepatic transaminase levels, and characteristic intracellular organisms in peripheral blood granulocytes. although hge has been successfully treated with tetracyclines, its susceptibility to other antibiotics remains unknown. no clear treatment alternative exist for young children, pregnant women, or allergic indivi ... | 1997 | 8980758 |
| integrated tick and tick-borne disease control trials in crossbred dairy cattle in malawi. | crossbred dairy heifers on a farm in an east coast fever (ecf) endemic area in malawi were immunised against theileria parva, anaplasma spp., babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and cowdria ruminantium. they were treated at infrequent intervals with chlorfenvinphos to limit infestation with adult ticks, without providing complete tick control. in one trial, which tested a threshold dipping regimen, 20 heifers were dipped only once in 6 months to control a flush of boophilus microplus. unimmunised co ... | 1996 | 8983132 |
| ultrastructural and antigenic characterization of a granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent directly isolated and stably cultivated from a patient in new york state. | a human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) agent with 16s rdna sequence identical to the published sequence of hge agents was isolated from a patient from new york state by inoculation of the blood leukocyte fraction directly into a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line hl-60. the hge agent was also isolated from the leukocyte fraction of the blood and bone marrow of a mouse inoculated with the leukocyte fraction of the patient's blood. the isolate has been passaged in tissue culture 30 times over ... | 1997 | 8985223 |
| isolation of the causative agent of heartwater (cowdria ruminantium) from three amblyomma species in eight districts of kenya. | thirteen isolates of cowdria ruminantium were made from eight different districts of kenya by four different isolation methods. feeding adult amblyomma species ticks derived from nymphs collected in the field and the inoculation of homogenates prepared from adult field ticks had the highest success rate. the reattachment of adult ticks collected in the field was successful on only one of five attempts, and the subinoculation of blood from suspected heartwater carriers was unsuccessful. seven of ... | 1997 | 9004475 |
| comparative efficacy of freund's and montanide isa50 adjuvants for the immunisation of goats against heartwater with inactivated cowdria ruminantium. | two vaccines, based on inactivated elementary bodies of cowdria ruminantium, one formulated in montanide isa50, the other in freund's adjuvant, were compared in goats. administered twice subcutaneously with an interval of 81 days, both protected three out of five goats against a very severe challenge, lethal for all 14 control goats, 3.5 months after the second injection. both vaccines elicited similar antibody levels. the protection afforded by the montanide isa50 vaccine was tested 15 and 17 m ... | 1996 | 9017866 |
| serum protein alterations in canine ehrlichiosis. | serum protein electrophoresis was performed in 42 dogs with naturally occurring ehrlichia canis infection and in 15 clinically healthy dogs (control dogs). the infected dogs were found to have a significant hypoalbuminaemia, hyperglobulinaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia compared to the control dogs (p < 0.001). a polyclonal gammopathy was found in all but one of the infected dogs which presented a monoclonal gammopathy. alpha-1 globulin was lower while alpha-2 and beta-2 globulin concentrations ... | 1996 | 9017886 |
| suspected ehrlichial infection in five cats from a household. | ehrlichiosis is a poorly recognized condition of cats that may be associated with anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or dysproteinemia. affected cats may have indirect fluorescent antibody titers to ehrlichia canis and e risticii. we reviewed the clinical evaluation and response to treatment of 5 cats in a household where ehrlichial disease was suspected as the cause of recurrent leukopenias and thrombocytopenias. all of the cats had e risticii indirect fluorescent antibody titers and western ... | 1997 | 9018358 |
| positive lyme disease serology in patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | in 10 consecutive patients with an acute febrile illness, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis was confirmed with specific polymerase chain reaction studies, serologic conversion, or both. although no patients had the clinical features most suggestive of early lyme disease (eg, erythema migrans or cranial nerve palsy), tests for antibody to borrelia burgdorferi produced a reaction in most patients. in 6 of 7 patients (86%) with evaluable results, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay yielded positive or ... | 1997 | 9024062 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene for a 120-kda immunodominant protein of ehrlichia chaffeensis. | ehrlichia chaffeensis is the tick-borne, obligately intracellular bacterium that causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. a 120-kda protein is one of the immunodominant proteins of e. chaffeensis that stimulates production of specific antibodies in infected humans. a genomic library of e. chaffeensis was constructed in a lambda zap ii phage vector, and a clone expressing the 120-kda protein of e. chaffeensis was identified using canine anti-e. chaffeensis serum. dna sequence analysis of the cloned 1 ... | 1997 | 9031621 |
| a population-based seroepidemiologic study of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and lyme borreliosis on the west coast of sweden. | ehrlichioses are emerging infections in the united states. human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) and lyme borreliosis (lb) are acquired after ixodes ricinus-complex tick bites. an ongoing seroepidemiologic study of the 185 of the 356 permanent residents of the koster islands in sweden was expanded to include ehrlichioses. ehrlichial antibodies were measured by ifa using ehrlichia equi and ehrlichia chaffeensis. borrelia burgdorferi igg elisa-seropositive subjects were confirmed by western blot. ... | 1997 | 9041353 |
| characterization of a new isolate of ehrlichia platys (order rickettsiales) using electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. | a mixed-breed pup approximately 3 months old obtained in north central oklahoma by the laboratory animal resources unit of oklahoma state university presented with platelet inclusions. the dog developed severe thrombocytopenia (< 10,000 microliters-1) following the appearance of inclusions. blood films were monitored daily and when about 75% of platelets had inclusions, samples were collected in edta and processed for electron microscopic (em) studies and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). em stud ... | 1997 | 9066046 |
| serological survey of heartwater relative to the distribution of the vector amblyomma variegatum and other tick species in north cameroon. | a study was carried out on the spatial and temporal distribution of amblyomma variegatum and other ticks infesting sheep and goats in northern cameroon. a serological survey of heartwater (cowdriosis) using a competitive elisa was concurrently carried out in the same flocks. a. variegatum was found to be the most predominant species accounting for 48.3% of all the ticks collected. other species identified included rhipicephalus sulcatus, r. lunulatus, r. turanicus, boophilus decoloratus, b. annu ... | 1997 | 9066062 |
| clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities in greyhounds with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy: 18 cases (1992-1994) | to determine clinical signs and clinicopathologic abnormalities in greyhounds with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy and to determine whether there were any differences between dogs with and without renal azotemia. | 1997 | 9074681 |
| clinical features and serology of 14 dogs affected by granulocytic ehrlichiosis in sweden. | the clinical features and the titres to ehrlichia equi, e canis, e risticii, rickettsia rickettsii and borrelia afzelii in 14 swedish dogs, in which ehrlichiosis was diagnosed on the basis of the presence of inclusions in granulocytes, are reported. most of the dogs were moderately ill but made a rapid recovery after treatment with doxycycline. the dogs with inclusions were thrombocytopenic. analysis of the antibody titres indicates that serology to e equi will remain the most appropriate serolo ... | 1997 | 9076917 |
| genetic and antigenic diversity of ehrlichia chaffeensis: comparative analysis of a novel human strain from oklahoma and previously isolated strains. | a new ehrlichia strain, designated as ehrlichia chaffeensis, sapulpa strain, was isolated from a patient from oklahoma with severe ehrlichiosis. isolation of the ehrlichial pathogen was achieved by inoculating patient blood onto hel cells and dh82 cells. antigenic properties of the new isolate were characterized with monoclonal antibodies, homologous patient serum, and polyclonal rabbit serum by western immunoblotting. the results showed antigenic differences and protein size variation of sapulp ... | 1997 | 9086141 |
| immunoblot analysis of the immunoglobulin g response to ehrlichia canis in dogs: an international survey. | historically, considerable variation has been reported in the type and severity of clinical and hematologic abnormalities associated with canine ehrlichiosis. because of difficulties associated with the isolation of intracellular monocytic ehrlichia species in tissue culture systems, few e. canis isolates are available for comparative microbiologic studies. to address the issue of potential e. canis antigenic diversity in different regions of the world, dog sera reactive by indirect fluorescent ... | 1997 | 9087922 |
| fourth nerve palsy caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis. | two human ehrlichioses occur in the united states: human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme), which is caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis that infects mononuclear phagocytes in blood and tissue, and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), an infection of granulocytes that is caused by a similar but phylogenetically distinct organism. the clinical features of both forms of human ehrlichiosis are identical and include nonspecific constitutional manifestations, such as fever, headache, malaise, nausea, vomiti ... | 1997 | 9093962 |
| nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of ehrlichia risticii genomic dna in infected horses. | a nested polymerase chain reaction was developed for amplifying a 529-bp segment of the 16s ribosomal rna gene of ehrlichia risticii from equine buffy coat cells. confirmation of identity of the amplified bands was accomplished by southern hybridization and dna sequencing. the study indicated a detection limit of > 10 copies of the target gene, and specificity for e. risticii as based on a panel of test rickettsiae. ticks (ixodes pacificus) collected in an area of northern california enzootic fo ... | 1997 | 9106958 |
| characterization of an immunoreactive protein from the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | a gene that is homologous to the ehrlichia chaffeensis groel operon was recovered and characterized by broad-range pcr amplification of whole blood from patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) and from infected hl60 cell cultures. sequence analysis of an 820-bp dna fragment recovered directly from human blood showed 76.5 and 76.3% identity with cognate sequences from e. chaffeensis and cowdria ruminantium, respectively. analysis of a 1.6-kb dna fragment derived from an hge agent-infe ... | 1997 | 9114402 |
| serological response of experimental ponies orally infected with ehrlichia risticii. | ten healthy, mature ponies were orally infected with ehrlichia risticii using ehrlichia-infected p388d1 mouse monocyte tissue culture cells. seven developed signs of equine ehrlichial colitis including fever, depression, anorexia, reduced borborygmi, increased abdominal hyperresonance, and diarrhoea. three remained clinically normal apart from early fever in one. indirect fluorescent antibody titres were detected in the clinically affected ponies by days 12 to 17 post infection and increased rap ... | 1989 | 9118098 |
| ehrlichia chaffeensis inclusions are early endosomes which selectively accumulate transferrin receptor. | ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligatory intracellular bacterium which infects macrophages and monocytes. double immunofluorescence labeling was used to characterize the nature of e. chaffeensis inclusion in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line thp-1. e. chaffeensis was labeled with dog anti-e. chaffeensis serum and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-dog immunoglobulin g (igg). lissamine rhodamine-conjugated anti-mouse igg was used to label various mouse monoclonal antibodies. ehrlic ... | 1997 | 9119487 |
| abortion in a heifer associated with the intra-uterine transmission of cowdria ruminantium-like organisms following heartwater vaccination. | a nguni heifer aborted a 6-month-old foetus 35 days after intravenous inoculation with onderstepoort heartwater vaccine. histopathological examination of the brain revealed numerous suspected cowdria ruminantium organisms in the endothelial cells of the blood vessels. the organisms were ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically compatible with cowdria ruminantium, although, owing to autolysis and cross-reactions, the possibility that they represent another rickettsial or related organism could ... | 1996 | 9120863 |
| cellular changes and induction of apoptosis in human promyelocytic hl-60 cells infected with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge). | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is an emerging and occasionally fatal human infectious disease whose pathogenesis is largely unknown. goodman et al. (1) recently described the successful cultivation of the hge infectious agent in human promyelocytic hl-60 leukemic cells. it was reported in the same study that infectivity invariably led to host cell death, although the mechanism by which hge infection triggers cellular self-destruction is as yet undetermined. in this communication, we show ... | 1997 | 9125168 |
| ehrlichiosis with systemic sepsis syndrome. | the diversity of presenting symptoms with ehrlichia infections makes diagnosis difficult. rash is infrequent. a febrile illness in the summer with thrombocytopenia should arouse suspicion of possible ehrlichiosis. | 1997 | 9130874 |
| development and use of specific polymerase reaction for the detection of an organism resembling ehrlichia sp. in white-tailed deer. | the role of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the epidemiology of ehrlichia chaffeensis and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is not fully understood, and diagnostic procedures may be complicated by the recent detection of 16s rdna sequence from an ehrlichia sp.-like organism in wild deer. a specific forward primer (dga) and an ehrlichia spp. reverse primer (ga1ur) were constructed to amplify this new, distinct ehrlichia sp.-like 16s rdna. the dga primer, a forward p ... | 1997 | 9131554 |
| application of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of ehrlichia canis in tissues of dogs. | doxycycline treatment resulted in a carrier status in 3 dogs and complete clearance of ehrlichia canis in 2 dogs (iqbal and rikihisa, 1994). using specimens obtained during that study applicability of polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) in detecting e. canis dna in tissue specimens and correlation of pcr results with our previous cell culture isolation results were evaluated. pcrs using a pair of primers specific to e. canis 16srrna gene sequence were used to detect dna of e. canis in tissues of 5 ... | 1994 | 9133053 |
| an ehrlichia strain from a llama (lama glama) and llama-associated ticks (ixodes pacificus). | an ehrlichia was identified in the blood of a diseased llama (lama glama). sequencing of its 16s rrna gene showed the ehrlichia to be closely related to members of the ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup. the agent was also found in a pool of ticks (ixodes pacificus) collected at the llama site. | 1997 | 9157118 |
| western immunoblot analysis of haemobartonella muris and comparison of 16s rrna gene sequences of h. muris, h. felis, and eperythrozoon suis. | infectious agents were isolated from the spleens of three wild mice (apodemus argenteus) by intraperitoneal inoculation of the spleen homogenate into laboratory mice. the laboratory mice developed clinical signs and splenomegaly, and three isolates were maintained by passage in mice. tetracyclines were effective in preventing infection of mice with these agents, but streptomycin and penicillin were ineffective. the agents did not grow in bacterial growth media or chicken embryos. in smears of bl ... | 1997 | 9157135 |
| natural infection of small mammal species in minnesota with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | the natural reservoirs for the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) are suspected to be the small mammals that host immature stages of ixodes scapularis ticks. to determine if such small mammals are naturally infected, we collected blood and serum samples from small mammal species in rural and suburban areas of minneapolis and st. paul, minn. samples were collected from white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus), southern red-backed voles (clethrionomy ... | 1997 | 9157141 |
| propagation of granulocytic ehrlichia spp. from human and equine sources in hl-60 cells induced to differentiate into functional granulocytes. | ehrlichia spp. from human and equine sources in the northeastern unites states were detected by pcr, isolated, and propagated in the hl-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line. growth of ehrlichia from both equine and human sources was enhanced by addition of retinoic acid, which causes granulocytic differentiation of the hl-60 cells. dna sequencing of a portion of the 16s rdna gene supported the hypothesis that the same pathogen was responsible for both equine and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | 1997 | 9157154 |
| serologic and molecular detection of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in rhode island. | a new indirect fluorescent-antibody (ifa) assay with antigen produced in vitro in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line hl60 was used to identify the first recognized case of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in rhode island. this ifa assay was used to detect granulocytic ehrlichiae in white-footed mice and in a dog inhabiting the area surrounding the patient's residence. host-seeking ixodes scapularis ticks found in the same habitat also were infected. i. scapularis ticks collected from othe ... | 1997 | 9157157 |
| prevalence of granulocytic ehrlichia infection among white-tailed deer in wisconsin. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is caused by an agent that is nearly indistinguishable from the veterinary pathogens ehrlichia equi and ehrlichia phagocytophila. the deer tick, ixodes scapularis, is a vector of the hge agent, and the white-tailed deer is the primary host for adult ixodes ticks. we assessed the distribution of granulocytic ehrlichia infection among deer living within (wisconsin) and outside (western and southern iowa) the geographic range of l. scapularis. whole-blood sampl ... | 1997 | 9163463 |
| an indirect immunofluorescence assay using a cell culture-derived antigen for detection of antibodies to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | an indirect immunofluorescence assay for the detection of human antibodies to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) was developed and standardized. antigen was prepared from a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (hl-60) infected with a tick-derived isolate of the hge agent (usg3). suitable antigen presentation and preservation of cellular morphology were obtained when infected cells were applied and cultured on the slide, excess medium was removed, and cells were fixed with aceto ... | 1997 | 9163471 |
| human disease in europe caused by a granulocytic ehrlichia species. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) was recently described in north america. it is caused by an ehrlichia species closely related to ehrlichia phagocytophila and ehrlichia equi, recognized to infect mostly ruminants and horses, respectively. the vector in north america is the tick ixodes scapularis, which is also the vector of the lyme disease agent, borrelia burgdorferi. previous serologic studies in patients with a diagnosis of lyme borreliosis indicate that hge may exist in europe. we repor ... | 1997 | 9163481 |
| seroepidemiology of emerging tickborne infectious diseases in a northern california community. | a seroprevalence and risk factor study of emerging tickborne infectious diseases (lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, and babesiosis) was conducted among 230 residents of a semirural community in sonoma county, california. over 50% of residents reported finding a tick on themselves in the preceding 12 months. samples from 51(23%) residents were seroreactive to antigens from one or more tickborne disease agents: 1.4% to borrelia burgdorferi, 0.4% to ehrlichia equi, 4.6% to ehrlichia chaffeensis, and 17.8 ... | 1997 | 9180183 |
| tick-borne diseases in the united states. | 1997 | 9191750 | |
| a case of acute monocytic ehrlichiosis with prominent neurologic signs. | human monocytic ehrlichiosis is a recently described tick-borne infection with the rickettsial organism ehrlichia chaffeensis. we describe a patient with documented e chaffeensis infection and multiple organ system involvement. prominent neurologic symptoms and signs included severe headache, meningismus, and altered mental status. additional neurologic findings included unilateral arm weakness and a bell's palsy. biopsy of brain and meninges demonstrated an infiltrate of atypical lymphoid cells ... | 1997 | 9191777 |
| human ehrlichiosis. | ten years ago, tick-borne ehrlichiosis infection was primarily a problem in dogs, cattle, and sheep. today hundreds of people have been infected by newly recognized ehrlichia species. if infection is detected early, treatment is relatively simple and usually effective. late diagnosis, on the other hand, carries serious morbidity or even death. dr. glushko discusses the history, epidemiology, and clinical aspects of human ehrlichiosis and provides information on both treatment and prevention. | 1997 | 9194875 |
| attempted transmission of human granulocytotropic ehrlichia (hge) by amblyomma americanum and amblyomma maculatum. | transstadial transmission of human granulocytotrophic ehrlichia (hge) was attempted in dogs using amblyomma americanum (l.) and a. maculatum koch, two species that, as adults, feed readily on human beings. larvae and nymphs were acquisition-fed on a dog that was parasitemic with hge. two months later, following digestion of the blood meal and subsequent molting to nymphal or adult stage, these ticks were fed to repletion on hge-naive dogs. none of the dogs developed clinical evidence of ehrlichi ... | 1997 | 9195722 |