Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| pathogenic avian adenovirus type ii induces apoptosis in turkey spleen cells. | wild-type mammalian adenoviruses are known to inhibit programmed cells death in infected cells. this study demonstrated for the first time that an avian type ii adenovirus, the hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) of turkeys, induced apoptosis in turkey spleen cells at 3 and 4 days post infection. the increased apoptosis rate in spleens of hev-infected turkeys was associated with increased virus replication. increased apoptosis preceded extensive virus-induced cellular necrosis. at 3 days post infe ... | 2000 | 11003476 |
| risk of hepatitis e infection to travelers. | hepatitis e virus (hev), previously referred to as enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis, is a major cause of epidemic hepatitis and acute, sporadic hepatitis in endemic areas of the world. the existence of hev was suspected based upon epidemiological grounds for many years. however, it was only in the early 1990s that confirmation occurred when two prototype strains of hev from burma and mexico were sequenced.1-3 outbreaks of hev infection as well as sporadic transmission commonly occu ... | 2000 | 11003732 |
| lack of hepatitis e infection among backpackers to tropical countries. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a feco-orally transmitted virus that occurs primarily among the indigenous populations of the indian subcontinent, central america and africa. most recognized cases of hev occur after contamination of water supplies such as after monsoon flooding.1,2 in contrast with hepatitis a infection, secondary person-to-person spread is rare. most cases of hev are reported in epidemics, but sporadic cases also occur. backpackers traveling from developed to developing countries ar ... | 2000 | 11003735 |
| duration of viraemia and faecal viral excretion in acute hepatitis e. | data on duration of viral excretion and viraemia during hepatitis e virus (hev) infection are limited. we tested serial stool and serum samples from 20 patients with acute hepatitis e for hev rna. faecal excretion and viraemia in these patients were found to be short lived. in 19 patients, all samples obtained after biochemical resolution of hepatitis tested negative; in the remaining patient, hev rna was detected in the serum samples but not in stool after biochemical resolution. long-term pers ... | 2000 | 11009149 |
| the cleavage activation and sites of glycosylation in the fusion protein of hendra virus. | hendra virus (hev) is an unclassified member of the paramyxoviridae family that causes systemic infections in humans, horses, cats, guinea pigs and flying foxes. the fusion protein (f(0)) of members of the paramyxoviridae family that cause systemic infections in vivo contains a basic amino acid-rich region at which the protein is activated by cleavage into two subunits (f(1) and f(2)). hev f(0) lacks such a domain. we have determined the cleavage site in hev f(0) by sequencing the amino terminus ... | 2000 | 11018278 |
| the exceptionally large genome of hendra virus: support for creation of a new genus within the family paramyxoviridae. | an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in hendra, a suburb of brisbane, australia, in september 1994 resulted in the deaths of 14 racing horses and a horse trainer. the causative agent was a new member of the family paramyxoviridae. the virus was originally called equine morbillivirus but was renamed hendra virus (hev) when molecular characterization highlighted differences between it and members of the genus morbillivirus. less than 5 years later, the closely related nipah virus (niv) emerged ... | 2000 | 11024125 |
| [algorithm for specific laboratory diagnosis in viral hepatitis among inpatients (lecture)]. | 2000 | 11031429 | |
| xenotransplantation and the potential risk of xenogeneic transmission of porcine viruses. | the clinical success of allotransplantation and the shortage of donor organs have led to a proposal for the use of animal organs as alternative therapeutic materials for humans. in that regard, swine are preferable to non-human primates as a source of donor organs. while applications for clinical trials for xenotransplantation have not yet been received in canada, several trials have already been authorized in the united states. a major concern, however, is the potential for xenogeneic transmiss ... | 2000 | 11041495 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in chimpanzees: a retrospective analysis. | different patterns of disease were observed among 11 chimpanzees who were inoculated intravenously with hepatitis e virus (hev) positive fecal specimens from four different outbreaks (nepal 1981, uzbekistan 1981, pakistan 1985, and mexico 1986). five chimpanzees had marginal or no liver enzyme elevations within 70 days of inoculation. two of the chimpanzees had limited viremia, but did not produce detectable antibody. the four remaining chimpanzees had liver enzyme elevations, viral shedding, vi ... | 2000 | 11043950 |
| retrospective analysis of blood transfusion recipients: evidence for post-transfusion hepatitis e. | of 200 volunteer blood donors we had screened earlier for hepatitis e virus (hev) rna, using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, 3 were positive, raising the possibility of transfusion-associated hepatitis e in areas endemic for this virus. this retrospective study was to reassess the extent of post-transfusion hepatitis e among transfusion recipients, investigated in 1982. | 2000 | 11054043 |
| empty virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e, an enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis, is a serious viral infection that occasionally causes large epidemics in developing countries. in developed countries, the disease only appears sporadically due to the transmission routes, and it is considered to be less important. the hepatitis e virus (hev) cannot grow in cultured cells and no reliable assay system has ever been developed. in addition, the present diagnostic are not perfect, and actual rates of hev infection may b ... | 2000 | 11055242 |
| diagnostic value of immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) tests based on hev rna in an area where hepatitis e is not endemic. | acute hepatitis e (ahe) has rarely been reported in industrialized countries, but the rate of seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies (anti-hev) is inappropriately high. the sensitivity and specificity of the assay used to test for immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm anti-hev have not been well established in areas where hepatitis e is not endemic (hereafter referred to as "nonendemic areas"). we collected serum samples from 13 ahe patients, 271 healthy subjects, and 160 other liver dise ... | 2000 | 11060044 |
| new hepatitis viruses. | three new hepatitis viruses are reviewed; hepatitis e virus (hev), hepatitis g virus (hgv), and transfusion transmitted virus (ttv). only hev has been clearly associated with liver damage. it is transmitted by the fecal-oral route and tends to occur in poor socio-economic conditions. acute disease is diagnosed by the presence of anti-hev igm antibodies in the serum. hepatitis g virus and ttv are transmitted parenterally. hgv is the same agent as gbv-c. although it is hepatotropic, and high level ... | 2000 | 11063553 |
| a seroprevalence study of viral hepatitis e infection in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected subjects in malaysia. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a rna virus transmitted enterically. a study of anti-hev antibodies in 145 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infected subjects found that 14.4% of them were reactive to anti-hev antibodies. anti-hev igg and anti-hev igm was detected in 10.3% and 4.1% of the subjects respectively. prevalence of anti-hev (either igg or igm) was similar across all adult ages (p = 0.154), between the three ethnic groups (p = 0.378), and across risk groups (p = 0.120). the results ... | 2000 | 11072492 |
| seroepidemiology of tt virus, gbc-c/hgv, and hepatitis viruses b, c, and e among women in a rural area of tanzania. | the seroprevalence and determinants of hepatitis b, c, and e virus infection, and of gbv-c/hepatitis g virus and tt virus infection were investigated among women from a rural area of northeastern tanzania. high seroprevalence rates were found for ttv (74%), hbv (74%), and gbv-c/hgv (35%), whereas 7% of the women had evidence of hcv and hev infection. the majority of ttv dna sequences in the study population belonged to the genotypes 1 or 2. one sequence seems to represent a new subtype of genoty ... | 2000 | 11074483 |
| identification of a novel variant of hepatitis e virus in austria: sequence, phylogenetic and serological analysis. | we isolated a novel hepatitis e virus (hev-au1) variant from a patient in austria suffering from acute viral hepatitis, who had no known risk factors for acquiring hepatitis e. the clinical presentation and initial serological findings have been reported previously. in this paper we report the results of sequence and phylogenetic analysis of hev products from viral rna isolated from acute phase serum. the results show that hev-au1 is significantly divergent from other hev isolates. the nucleotid ... | 2000 | 11086119 |
| hev identified in serum from humans with acute hepatitis and in sewage of animal origin in spain. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted pathogen that appears sporadically in non-endemic countries. we studied hev as a causal agent of acute hepatitis cases in the spanish population, and the role of pigs as an animal reservoir. | 2000 | 11097493 |
| novel strains of hepatitis e virus identified from humans and other animal species: is hepatitis e a zoonosis? | 2000 | 11097496 | |
| hepatitis e virus markers in a peritoneal dialysis population. | 2000 | 11117252 | |
| self-association and mapping of the interaction domain of hepatitis e virus orf3 protein. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major human pathogen in the developing world. in the absence of an in vitro culture system, very little information on the basic biology of the virus exists. a small protein (approximately 13.5 kda) of unknown function, porf3, is encoded by the third open reading frame of hev. the n-terminal region of porf3 is associated with the cytoskeleton using one of its hydrophobic domains. the c-terminal half of porf3 is rich in proline residues and contains a putative src hom ... | 2001 | 11160756 |
| viral hepatitis during pregnancy. | a great degree of controversy prevails over the existing reports on the severity and outcome of acute viral hepatitis (avh) during pregnancy. the present study describes the outcome of avh associated with pregnancy. a correlation was also assessed for gestation period, viral etiology and outcome of avh. | 2001 | 11166742 |
| hendra virus disease in horses. | the author provides an account of the discovery of a previously undescribed disease of horses and a description of the studies involved in determining the aetiology of the disease. the causative virus, now named hendra virus (hev), is the reference virus for a proposed new genus within the virus family paramyxoviridae. the virus is a lethal zoonotic agent able to cause natural disease in humans and horses and experimentally induced disease in cats, guinea-pigs and mice. the virus also naturally ... | 2000 | 11189712 |
| viraemia and faecal shedding of hev in symptom-free carriers. | 2001 | 11197383 | |
| a serological re-evaluation of acute non-a non-b hepatitis from the early 1970s. | the epidemiology and natural history of recently discovered viruses, which may be responsible for cases of seronegative infectious hepatitis, are currently being investigated. retrospective studies of stored sera can provide a historical perspective of these infections. | 2000 | 11198574 |
| hepatitis: still a concern? | although some forms of viral hepatitis were identified more than 50 years ago, hepatitis continues to have an impact on the practice of dentistry. possible transmission in the dental setting, management of the chronically ill, and legal issues related to treatment of infectious patients combine to emphasize that hepatitis is still an important issue for dental health care workers. currently, 7 viral forms are recognized. those with predominantly enteral modes of transmission--including hav, hev, ... | 2000 | 11203900 |
| new hepatitis viruses: contenders and pretenders. | following the development of tests for hepatitis c virus and hepatitis e virus infection, it became clear that there remained cases of hepatitis that were non-a-e. such cases provided impetus for the search for additional hepatitis viruses and, by using molecular techniques, several candidates were identified. an enteric agent responsible for sporadic non-a and non-e hepatitis was tentatively called hepatitis f virus. however, the lack of any corroborating reports has cast doubt on its status as ... | 2001 | 11207890 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e in two rural egyptian communities. | a population-based serosurvey in two rural egyptian communities was used to assess age-specific prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev). one community is in the nile delta (11,182 inhabitants; 3,997 participants) and the other in upper egypt (10,970 inhabitants; 6,029 participants). samples were tested for anti-hev with a commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) based on antigens derived from open reading frame (orf)2 and orf3. although there was a clear difference in sensitiv ... | 2000 | 11220771 |
| hepatitis e associated with acute pancreatitis with pseudocyst. | 1999 | 11225230 | |
| [can we foresee the end of the alphabet in viral hepatitis?]. | there is a number of viruses which may cause acute or chronic liver damage. only some of them belong into the group of hepatotropic viruses and only the latter are the cause of acute or chronic viral hepatitis. so far we know seven hepatotropic viruses. the virus of hepatitis a (hav), virus of hepatitis b (hbv), virus of hepatitis c (hcv), virus of hepatitis d (hdv), virus of hepatitis e (hev), virus of hepatitis g (hgv) and transfusion-transmitted-virus (ttv). for hav and hev orofaecal transmis ... | 2000 | 11227176 |
| comparative pathogenesis of infection of pigs with hepatitis e viruses recovered from a pig and a human. | specific-pathogen-free pigs were inoculated with one of two hepatitis e viruses (hev) (one recovered from a pig and the other from a human) to study the relative pathogenesis of the two viruses in swine. fifty-four pigs were randomly assigned to three groups. seventeen pigs in group 1 served as uninoculated controls, 18 pigs in group 2 were intravenously inoculated with the swine hev recovered from a pig in the united states, and 19 pigs in group 3 were intravenously inoculated with the us-2 str ... | 2001 | 11230404 |
| [partial nucleotide sequences of hepatitis e viruses isolated from patients in 14 cities of china]. | to investigate the genotypes of hepatitis e viruses isolated in china. | 2000 | 11236627 |
| the 3' end of hepatitis e virus (hev) genome binds specifically to the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major cause of acute epidemic and sporadic hepatitis in the developing world. it is a positive-strand rna virus with a genome length of about 7.2 kb. the replication mechanism of this virus is virtually unexplored. identification of the regulatory elements involved in initiation of replication may help in designing specific inhibitors for therapy. in the positive-stranded rna viruses the initiation of replication requires interaction of the 3' end of genome with it ... | 2001 | 11259193 |
| serological and molecular testing in viral hepatitis: an update. | the routine serological diagnoses of the three major forms of viral hepatitis - a, b and c - as well as delta hepatitis, are important in the evaluation of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. increasingly, molecular virology is also being used to evaluate patients with chronic hepatitis c, with genotype and viral load testing to plan therapy. | 2001 | 11264571 |
| molecular characteristic-based epidemiology of hepatitis b, c, and e viruses and gb virus c/hepatitis g virus in myanmar. | we carried out a molecular characteristic-based epidemiological survey of various hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis e virus (hev), and gb virus c (gbv-c)/hepatitis g virus (hgv), in myanmar. the study population of 403 subjects consisted of 213 healthy individuals residing in the city of yangon, myanmar, and the surrounding suburbs and 190 liver disease patients (155 virus-related liver disease patients and 35 nonviral disease patients). the ... | 2001 | 11283083 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in selected brazilian populations. | a retrospective study on the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection was conducted in selected populations in rio de janeiro, brazil. a total of 1,115 subjects were tested including 146 patients with acute non-a non-b non-c (nanbnc) viral hepatitis, 65 hemodialysis patients, 93 blood donors, 102 intravenous drug users (ivdus), 304 pregnant women, 145 individuals living in the rural area and 260 individuals living in the urban area. in order to characterize a favorable epidemiological set ... | 2001 | 11285473 |
| hepatitis e virus dna vaccine elicits immunologic memory in mice. | injection of an expression vector pjhev containing hepatitis e virus (hev) structural protein open reading frame 2 gene generates a strong antibody response in balb/c mice that can bind to and agglutinate hev. in this study, we tested for immunologic memory in immunized mice whose current levels of igg to hev were low or undetectable despite 3 doses of hev dna vaccine 18 months earlier. mice previously vaccinated with vector alone were controls. all mice were administered a dose of hev dna vacci ... | 2001 | 11287754 |
| [viral liver diseases. current status of therapy] ]. | viral liver diseases, particularly hepatitides of type b (hbv) and c (hcv) show an increasing trend, the number of infected people in the world being several hundred million people. with the exception of other forms (hav, hdv, hev, and hgv), where infectivity is also high, possible transmission and infection in hbv and hcv are often independent of the affected person (blood transfusion, stomatological operations, surgery, etc.). treatment of hepatitides not proceeding into a chronic stage is wit ... | 2001 | 11288593 |
| sporadic hev hepatitis in italy. | 2001 | 11288737 | |
| an outbreak of hepatitis e in northern namibia, 1983. | in 1983 in namibia's kavango region, epidemic jaundice affected hundreds of people living in settlements lacking potable water and waste disposal facilities. many were angolan refugees. the disease, which after investigation was designated non-a non-b hepatitis, was most common in males (72%), in persons aged 15-39 years, and was usually mild except in pregnant women, who incurred 6 (86%) of the 7 fatal infections. fifteen years later, archived outbreak-associated samples were analyzed. hepatiti ... | 2000 | 11289674 |
| duplex rt-pcr for simultaneous detection of hepatitis a and hepatitis e virus isolated from drinking water samples. | a duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) protocol for simultaneous detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in water samples has been developed and demonstrated. both hav and hev were concentrated from drinking water samples through a one-step concentration protocol. different cdna could be produced in the rt step carried out with a random primer in a single reaction tube. two different sets of primers specific for hav-cdna and hev-cdna were used ... | 2000 | 11296746 |
| rapid production of recombinant allergens in nicotiana benthamiana and their impact on diagnosis and therapy. | type i allergies are immunological disorders that afflict a quarter of the world's population. recombinant allergens have improved the diagnosis of allergic diseases and allow the formulation of new therapeutic approaches. over 50% of all allergens are of plant origin. | 2001 | 11306923 |
| a review of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of viral hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries but is infrequent in industrialized countries. the virus is transmitted by the fecal-oral route with fecally contaminated drinking water being the usual vehicle. hepatitis resulting from hev infection is a moderately severe jaundice that is self-limiting in most patients. young adults, 15 to 30 years of age, are the main targets of infection, and the overall death rat ... | 2001 | 11307901 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection in albania]. | acute hev in albania make up 35.7% of acute non a-non b hepatitis and 2.4% of all acute viral hepatitis cases, affecting women more with a 2:1 ratio, and are described more frequently in adults (73.3%) older than 35 years. in the general population (control group), the prevalence of anti-hev antibodies increases progressively with age, from 1.2% in the younger than 9 years, to 17.7% among the over 60, in general the average is of 9.7%. a statistical comparison of anti-hev antibodies in healthy p ... | 2001 | 11313227 |
| molecular characterization of menangle virus, a novel paramyxovirus which infects pigs, fruit bats, and humans. | menangle virus (menv), isolated in august 1997 following an outbreak of reproductive disease in a piggery in new south wales, is the second previously unclassified member of the family paramyxoviridae to be identified in australia since 1994. similar to hendra virus (hev), menv appears to be a virus of fruit bats (flying foxes) in the genus pteropus. no serological cross-reactivity was detected between menv and other known paramyxoviruses and to facilitate virus classification a cdna subtraction ... | 2001 | 11336561 |
| role of hepatitis e and other hepatotropic virus in aetiology of sporadic acute viral hepatitis: a hospital based study from urban delhi. | major hepatotropic virus continues to be an important cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh) in developing countries like india. while epidemics of avh have been well studied few serious sporadic cases from developing countries have been reviewed. we studied prospectively 75 cases of sporadic avh who reported to our hospital and were evaluated for the presence of various hepatotropic viruses. the seroprevalence of igg anti-hev antibodies was studied in the general population as a control. we found ... | 2000 | 11338125 |
| the ccr7 ligand elc (ccl19) is transcytosed in high endothelial venules and mediates t cell recruitment. | lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid tissue is defined by a multistep sequence of interactions between lymphocytes and endothelial cells in high endothelial venules (hevs). after initial selectin-mediated tethering and rolling, firm adhesion of lymphocytes requires rapid upregulation of lymphocyte integrin adhesiveness. this step is mediated in part by the hev-derived chemokine slc (secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine, or ccl21) that binds to the cc chemokine receptor (ccr)7 on lymphocytes. h ... | 2001 | 11342595 |
| prevalence of enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses in patients attending a tertiary--care hospital in south india. | the prevalance of enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses, namely, hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) were studied in 404 patients with acute hepatitis attending a tertiary-care hospital in south india. presence of current hav/hev infection was ascertained by the demonstration of igm antibodies. in 381 patients tested for both agents, hav igm was present in 51(13.3%) and hev igm present in 66(17.3%). there was dual infection in 3 males (0.8%). hev infection was seen mostly in ... | 2000 | 11344607 |
| oral administration of hepatitis e virus-like particles induces a systemic and mucosal immune response in mice. | we evaluated the potential of recombinant hepatitis e virus (rhev) virus-like particles (vlps) as an oral immunogen by analyzing the response of serum igm, igg, and iga and fecal iga in mice after oral administration. the capsid proteins of hev with its n-terminal 111 amino acids truncated were expressed with a recombinant baculovirus in insect cells, where the capsid proteins self-assembled into vlps. mice were orally inoculated four times with purified rhev vlps in concentrations ranging from ... | 2001 | 11348714 |
| sero-epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev) in urban and rural children of north india. | to estimate the prevalence of anti-hev igg and igm antibodies to orf3 peptide of hepatitis e virus genome in an age stratified urban and rural population of children. | 2001 | 11359972 |
| conformational antigenic determinants generated by interactions between a bacterially expressed recombinant peptide of the hepatitis e virus structural protein. | a 23 kda peptide locating to amino acid residues 394 to 604 of the major hepatitis e virus (hev) structural protein was expressed in e. coli. this peptide was found to interact naturally with one another to form homodimers and it was recognized strongly and commonly in its dimeric form by hev reactive human sera. the antigenic activity associated with the dimeric form was abrogated when the dimer was dissociated into monomer and the activity was reconstituted after the monomer was re-associated ... | 2001 | 11360244 |
| prevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus antibodies in different indian animal species. | prevalence of igg antibodies to hepatitis e virus (igg-anti-hev) was determined among different animal species from india. seropositivity varied from 4.4% to 6.9% in cattle, 54.6-74.4% in pigs and 2.1-21.5% in rodents. of the 44 dogs screened, 10 were positive (22.7%). none of the 250 goat sera tested were found to be anti-hev positive. among rodents, over 50% serum samples collected in 1985 from bandicota bengalensis were positive for anti-hev antibodies. no evidence of hev infection was obtain ... | 2001 | 11380801 |
| seroepidemiological study of hepatitis e virus infection in japan using a newly developed antibody assay. | a seroepidemiological study of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection was conducted in japan, where hev infection is not considered endemic. | 2001 | 11388394 |
| a bacterially expressed peptide prevents experimental infection of primates by the hepatitis e virus. | a 23 kda peptide of the major structural protein of the hepatitis e virus (hev) expressed in e. coli was found to naturally interact with one another to form homodimers and the peptide was recognized strongly in its dimeric form by hev reactive human sera. to determine if the peptide may confer protection against hev infection, three monkeys were immunized with the purified peptide and three were given placebo. both groups of animals were challenged with 10(5) genome equivalent dose of the homol ... | 2001 | 11395207 |
| a yeast two-hybrid study on self-association of the orf2 protein of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus is a human rna virus containing three open reading frames. of these, orf2 encodes the major capsid protein (porf2) and may possess regulatory functions, in addition to a structural one. in this study, we have shown using the yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro immobilization experiments that full-length porf2 is capable of self-association, thus forming a homodimer. using mutational analysis we have studied dimerization of various truncated versions of the orf2 capsid protein ... | 2001 | 11396945 |
| plasmodium falciparum and hepatitis e virus co-infection in fulminant hepatic failure. | acute hepatitis e and falciparum malaria can each present with fulminant hepatic failure and are common in tropical countries. however, co-existence of these two conditions has not been reported. we report a 20-year-old girl who presented with fever and altered sensorium. peripheral smear was positive for plasmodium falciparum, and igm anti-hev was positive. she died despite antimalarial drugs and supportive management. postmortem liver tissue showed changes suggestive of acute viral hepatitis. | 2001 | 11400804 |
| simultaneous amplification of dna and rna virus using multiplex pcr system. | a large number of disease-causing bacteria and viruses are being sequenced and pcr is increasingly used for the diagnosis of the diseases. we have designed a multiplex pcr system for hepatitis b virus (hbv), a dna virus, and hepatitis e virus (hev), an rna virus. a modified technique has been standardized for simultaneous extraction of dna and rna, followed by a one-step rt-pcr/pcr. | 2001 | 11412831 |
| virus-specific mrna capping enzyme encoded by hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a positive-strand rna virus, is an important causative agent of waterborne hepatitis. expression of cdna (encoding amino acids 1 to 979 of hev nonstructural open reading frame 1) in insect cells resulted in synthesis of a 110-kda protein (p110), a fraction of which was proteolytically processed to an 80-kda protein. p110 was tightly bound to cytoplasmic membranes, from which it could be released by detergents. immunopurified p110 catalyzed transfer of a methyl group from ... | 2001 | 11413290 |
| acute hepatitis caused by a novel strain of hepatitis e virus most closely related to united states strains. | a unique hepatitis e virus (hev) strain was identified as the aetiological agent of acute hepatitis in a united states (us) patient who had recently returned from vacation in thailand, a country in which hev is endemic. sequence comparison showed that this hev strain was most similar, but not identical, to the swine and human hev strains recovered in the us. phylogenetic analysis revealed that this new hev isolate was closer to genotype 3 strains than to the genotype 1 strains common in asia. th ... | 2001 | 11413380 |
| autoimmune liver disease in children. | autoimmune liver disease (aild) in children progresses to cirrhosis and liver failure if not diagnosed and managed in time. we prospectively analyzed our patients with liver disease for autoimmune etiology and their outcome with treatment. | 2001 | 11422621 |
| [detection of anti-hav igm and anti-hev igm in patients with sporadic acute hepatitis in beijing between 1995-2000]. | to investigate the age ranges, liver function lesion and outcomes of sporadic acute hepatitis a and e in beijing. | 2001 | 11436647 |
| a guinea-pig model of hendra virus encephalitis. | subcutaneous inoculation, but not intradermal (footpad) or intranasal inoculation, with high doses of hendra virus (hev) consistently produced disease in guinea-pigs. of 15 subcutaneously inoculated animals, 14 developed vascular disease with positive hev immunohistochemical labelling in a range of tissues. a new observation was the presence of lesions, including syncytial cells, with immunolabelling in the transitional epithelium of the bladder. virus isolation from the urine rather than from n ... | 2001 | 11437503 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e antibody in flying airline personnel. | the aim of the study was to detect the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses in flying airline personnel, and to determine the necessity of hepatitis a vaccination to prevent such infections related to occupational exposure. | 2000 | 11439715 |
| hepatitis c and cirrhotic liver disease in the nile delta of egypt: a community-based study. | residents of egypt's nile river delta have among the world's highest seroprevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. to assess the impact of hcv on chronic liver disease, we studied the association between hcv, other hepatitis viruses, and cirrhotic liver disease in a cross-sectional, community-based survey of 801 persons aged > or = 10 years living in a semi-urban, nile delta village. residents were systematically sampled using questionnaires, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonograph ... | 2001 | 11442209 |
| characterization of a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the native hexon of hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | the structure of the icosahedral adenovirus capsid is highly conserved among adenoviridae. in its native form, the hexon is the major capsid protein. the nascent hexon requires the 100 kda folding protein to fold into its native, trimeric form. the hexon and 100 kda folding protein were co-expressed in a fowlpox virus (fpv) vector and in the recombinant fpvs (rfpvs) in which the hexon and 100 kda folding protein genes are cloned head to tail, the native hexon could be detected with indirect immu ... | 2001 | 11450954 |
| changing epidemiology of hepatitis a and hepatitis e in urban and rural india (1982-98). | the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) was assessed among age-stratified urban high socioeconomic, lower middle socioeconomic status and rural populations from western india in 1998. when compared with previous surveys, a clear shift from high to intermediate endemicity of hav was evident only for higher socioeconomic population (1982-98), raising the possibility of outbreaks of hepatitis a in this category. a decrease in anti-hav positivity was noted in rural ch ... | 2001 | 11454182 |
| [acute hepatitis caused by virus a, e and non a-e in chilean adults]. | sanitary and socioeconomic changes and the identification of new causative virus, have changed the epidemiology of hepatitis in chile. | 2001 | 11464534 |
| human enteric viruses in coquina clams associated with a large hepatitis a outbreak. | an outbreak of hepatitis a, affecting 183 people, occurred in valencia (spain). epidemiological evidence pointed to an association of the outbreak with consumption of coquina clams (donax sp), imported frozen from peru. shellfish were analysed for the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav), enteroviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses, caliciviruses and hepatitis e virus. hav was detected in 75% of assayed shellfish samples. other enteric viruses were occasionally found in the same samples. molecular e ... | 2001 | 11464770 |
| the full-length and n-terminal deletion of orf2 protein of hepatitis e virus can dimerize. | hepatitis e virus is a human rna virus containing three open reading frames. of these orf2 encodes, the major capsid protein (porf2), may possess regulatory functions, in addition to a structural one. in this study, we have shown using the yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro immobilization experiments that full-length porf2 is capable of self-association, thus forming a homodimer. using mutational analysis we have studied dimerization of various truncated versions of the orf2 capsid protein usi ... | 2001 | 11485331 |
| [detection of igg antibody to hepatitis g virus by elisa]. | to study the relation of hgv igg antibody (anti- hgv igg) to various viral infections, alt and hgv rna. | 2000 | 11503048 |
| full-genome nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis e virus strain that may be indigenous to japan. | we identified hepatitis e virus (hev) rna in serum from a japanese patient with acute hepatitis, who had never been abroad. the full-genome nucleotide sequence of the hev isolate (jra1) from this patient was composed of 7227 nucleotides excepting the poly(a) tail and had orf1 coding for 1703 amino acids (aa), orf2 coding for 660 aa, and orf3 coding for 122 aa. this japanese strain showed approximately 87% nucleotide similarity to human and swine strains reported from the united states, while it ... | 2001 | 11504536 |
| perspectives of vaccination against hepatitis e. | hepatitis e, an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, accounts for more than 50% of acute viral hepatitis in young adults in developing countries with a 20-30% mortality rate among infected pregnant women primarily those in their third trimester. the development of inactivated or live attenuated virus vaccine has been hampered because this virus does not replicate efficiently in cell culture. a vaccine has been developed by an alternative approach through recombinant technology. ... | 2001 | 11509877 |
| direct exposure to animal enteric pathogens. | humans have very close interactions with working, food-producing, and companion animals. according to the american veterinary medical association, there are more than one hundred million cat and dog pets in the united states. furthermore, non-traditional pets like reptiles and exotic birds are not unusual companion animals in households. in addition to sharing with animals our living and/or working space and time, we also share, unfortunately, many disease causing microorganisms. in the past few ... | 2001 | 11512628 |
| complete nucleotide sequences of nipah virus isolates from malaysia. | we have completely sequenced the genomes of two nipah virus (niv) isolates, one from the throat secretion and the other from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of the sole surviving encephalitic patient with positive csf virus isolation in malaysia. the two genomes have 18246 nucleotides each and differ by only 4 nucleotides. the niv genome is 12 nucleotides longer than the hendra virus (hev) genome and both genomes have identical leader and trailer sequence lengths and hexamer-phasing positions for ... | 2001 | 11514724 |
| the orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus binds to src homology 3 domains and activates mapk. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e, an acute form of viral hepatitis. the biology and pathogenesis of hev remain poorly understood. we have used in vitro binding assays to show that the hev orf3 protein (porf3) binds to a number of cellular signal transduction pathway proteins. this includes the protein tyrosine kinases src, hck, and fyn, the p85alpha regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase cgamma, and the adaptor protein grb2. a yeast tw ... | 2001 | 11518702 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection: epidemiology and prevention]. | 2001 | 11521106 | |
| evidence of extrahepatic sites of replication of the hepatitis e virus in a swine model. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major cause of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in many developing countries and is also endemic in many industrialized countries. due to the lack of an effective cell culture system and a practical animal model, the mechanisms of hev pathogenesis and replication are poorly understood. our recent identification of swine hev from pigs affords us an opportunity to systematically study hev replication and pathogenesis in a swine model. in an early study, ... | 2001 | 11526125 |
| problems and prevention of viral hepatitis in thailand. | to this day, viral hepatitis remains a major public health problem in thailand. chronic infection with hepatitis b and c viruses are the leading causes of chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). outbreaks of hepatitis a virus continue to occur in thailand, even after several years of consistently declining prevalence rates. also, the reduction in prevalence of hepatitis d virus infection has been observed among intravenous drug users over the past decade. ... | 2001 | 11529332 |
| genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has been considered a disease associated with developing regions and attributed to oral-fecal transmission due to inadequate sanitation. several recent findings, however, have led to a new understanding of this virus. a number of novel isolates have been identified in patients with acute hepatitis from regions not considered endemic for hev, and these individuals reported no recent travel to hev endemic areas. in addition, a number of hev-like sequences have als ... | 2001 | 11536234 |
| identification of the 5' terminal sequence of the sar-55 and mex-14 strains of hepatitis e virus and confirmation that the genome is capped. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a nonenveloped virus with a genome of single-stranded, positive-sense rna. the 5' terminal sequence of two hev strains (sar-55 and mex-14) was determined by a 5' rna ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method designed to select capped rnas. the 5' noncoding region of the sar-55 and mex-14 strains were amplified, confirming that the genomic rna of hev is capped. the 5' noncoding region of the sar-55 strain had 25 nucleotides, which is two less than r ... | 2001 | 11536235 |
| development of a fluorogenic rt-pcr assay (taqman) for the detection of hendra virus. | a rapid and sensitive one-tube rt-pcr assay using a fluorogenic (taqman) probe was developed to improve the diagnosis of hendra virus (hev) infection. the taqman assay was developed to rapidly and specifically identify hendra virus. the sensitivity of the new taqman-based pcr assay compared favourably with conventional rt-pcr. the major advantage of the taqman-based assay was the speed of diagnosis with results available within minutes of completing the pcr, and within 4 h of receiving the speci ... | 2001 | 11543882 |
| [gbv-c/hgv, a new virus as one possible cause of hepatitis of unknown etiology]. | for etiologically obscure (some 4%) viral hepatitis agents are sought and tested to make elucidation of their cause possible. one of the candidates is since 1995 the newly discovered virus gbv-c/hgv. despite intense research its relationship to viral hepatitis of obscure origin (vhn) has not been elucidated so far. in the submitted paper the authors attempted to contribute to the elucidation of etiological associations of gbv-c/hgv infection and vhn by comparing the dynamics of markers of the in ... | 2001 | 11550417 |
| genetic identification and characterization of a novel virus related to human hepatitis e virus from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the united states. | hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome is an emerging disease in chickens in north america; the cause of this disease is unknown. in this study, the genetic identification and characterization of a novel virus related to human hepatitis e virus (hev) isolated from bile samples of chickens with hs syndrome is reported. based upon the similar genomic organization and significant sequence identity of this virus with hev, the virus has been tentatively named avian hev in order to distinguish it from h ... | 2001 | 11562538 |
| detection and characterisation of swine hepatitis e virus in new zealand. | the objectives of the present study were to establish the presence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in new zealand pigs, first by testing for hev antibody in pig herds throughout new zealand to measure the herd prevalence, then by attempting to amplify hev genomic sequences by pcr. antibody was measured by two independently designed elisa serology tests. hev rna fragments were amplified by rt-pcr of nucleic acid extracted from faeces of 10-12-week-old piglets using primers targeting orf1, orf2, and or ... | 2001 | 11596088 |
| recombinant vaccines for hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus causes epidemics of acute hepatitis in many developing countries. it infrequently causes disease in developed countries, but avirulent strains might circulate. some evidence suggests that hepatitis e might be a zoonosis. there is probably only a single serotype. a candidate vaccine consisting of baculovirus-expressed recombinant capsid protein protected macaques from hepatitis e--it passed phase i clinical trials and is currently scheduled for phase ii/iii clinical trials. | 2001 | 11597521 |
| age-specific seroepidemiology of hepatitis a, b, and e infections among children in istanbul, turkey. | this study was performed for evaluation of seroprevalence of hepatitis a, b, and e among children in istanbul, turkey. the study group included 909 children who were 6 months-15 years of age. the children were separated to three age groups: group 1 (6 months-4.9 years; n = 321), group 2 (5.0-9.9 years; n = 318), and group 3 (10.0-15.0 years; n = 270). group i was divided to two subgroups for evaluation of the maternal antibody sera (6 months-2 years and over 2 years). serum igg anti-hav, anti-hb ... | 2001 | 11599687 |
| identification and characterization of the neutralization epitope(s) of the hepatitis e virus. | the neutralization epitope(s) of the hepatitis e virus (hev) was studied by an in vitro neutralization assay using antibodies obtained by immunization of mice with 51 overlapping 30-mer synthetic peptides spanning the region 221-660 amino acids (aa) of the hev open reading frame 2 encoded protein (porf2) and 31 overlapping recombinant proteins of different sizes derived from the entire porf2 of the hev burma strain. antibodies against synthetic peptides and short recombinant proteins of approxim ... | 2001 | 11601892 |
| acute hepatitis e virus infection presenting as a prolonged cholestatic jaundice. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enteric virus that usually causes a self-resolving hepatitis; although, it may be fatal, especially in pregnant women. although hev is endemic in israel, there have been no recent local outbreaks. we report the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with painless jaundice. ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography scan revealed gallstones, with no evidence of cholecystitis and no dilatation of the intra-or extrahepatic bile ducts. an open cholecystectomy was per ... | 2001 | 11606863 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in canadian swine herds and identification of a novel variant of swine hepatitis e virus. | swine hepatitis e virus is a newly identified potentially zoonotic virus from pigs of particular concern for possible direct transmission to a human xenotransplant recipient by organ transplantation. in the present study, prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis e virus was examined in canadian swine herds. a total of 998 serum samples collected from 6-month-old healthy slaughter hogs were examined by enzyme immunoassay and western blot analysis for antibodies to the recombinant open reading ... | 2001 | 11687465 |
| [viral hepatitis e. current knowledge and future problems]. | hepatitis e is the principal enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis, responsible for large epidemics of acute hepatitis associated with fecal contamination of drinking water in under-developed and developing countries. in contrast, in the industrialized world, the infection occurs rarely and sporadically, usually in individuals who originated from or traveled to regions of known endemism. however, serological and virological studies have provided evidence that hepatitis e virus ma ... | 2001 | 11688345 |
| experimental studies on subclinical hepatitis e virus infection in cynomolgus macaques. | serial subclinical transmission among susceptible humans may serve as a reservoir of hepatitis e virus (hev) in areas in which hev is endemic. this hypothesis was investigated in an experimental primate model. four groups of 4 cynomolgus macaques each were inoculated intravenously with 10(4)-10(5) (group 1), 10-100 (group 2), and 1-10 (group 3) cynomolgus macaque hev infectious doses. all 4 animals in group 1 had clinical disease marked by alanine aminotransferase (alt) elevation, fecal virus ex ... | 2001 | 11709779 |
| the effect of mosquito passage on the la crosse virus genotype. | the genetic consequences of passing three different strains of la crosse (lac) virus orally and transovarially in aedes triseriatus mosquitoes were examined. two of the lac strains (wt lac and lac ori) had been passaged numerous times in cell culture; the third strain (sm1-78) had been passaged only once in suckling mice. genetic changes were monitored in three regions of the lac genome after oral infection and dissemination in the mosquito, and transovarial transmission (tot) of the virus to pr ... | 2001 | 11714967 |
| detection of sporadic cases of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in china using immunoassays based on recombinant open reading frame 2 and 3 polypeptides from hev genotype 4. | we reported previously on the complete sequence of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 4, isolated from patients with sporadic cases of acute hev infection in china. at least eight hev genotypes have now been described worldwide, and further isolates await classification. current immunoassays for the detection of anti-hev antibodies are based on polypeptides from genotypes 1 and 2 only and may be inadequate for the reliable detection of other genotypes. because genotypes 1 and 4 predominate in chin ... | 2001 | 11724847 |
| comparative studies on the diagnosis of hepatitis e virus antibodies with orf-2 and orf-3 proteins expressed in insect cells. | hepatitis e is a worldwide health problem, especially in developing countries. the virus genome contains three different open reading frames (orfs): orf-1, which is believed to encode nonstructural proteins, and orf-2 and orf-3, which are believed to encode structural proteins. presently, serologic tests for the detection of human antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection are primarily based on the orf-2 structural protein expressed in escherichia coli, insect cells or synthetic peptides. ... | 1996 | 11725105 |
| sero-prevalence and mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis e virus among pregnant women in the united arab emirates. | (1) to study the prevalence of hev infection in a cohort of pregnant women in the united arab emirates (uae). (2) the rate of mother-to-infant transmission. | 2001 | 11728649 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a vaccine prepared from 53 kda truncated hepatitis e virus capsid protein expressed in insect cells. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted virus that causes acute hepatitis. expression of recombinant hev capsid protein in insect cells results in two major proteolytically-processed products of 56 and 53kda which consist of amino acids (aa) 112-607 and 112-578, respectively. the only neutralization epitope identified to date is located at least partially between amino acids 578 and 607 meaning it should be present only in the 56 and not in the 53kda protein. previously, it was sho ... | 2001 | 11738749 |
| hepatitis e virus antibody prevalence among persons who work with swine. | prevalence of antibody and risk factors to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection were determined in a cross-sectional study of 2 group-matched populations: swine farmers (n=264) and persons without occupational exposure to swine (n=255) in moldova, a country without reported cases of hepatitis e. the prevalence of hev infection was higher among swine farmers than among the comparison group (51.1% vs. 24.7%; prevalence ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval [ci], 1.62-2.64). in multivariate analysis, h ... | 2001 | 11740735 |
| analysis of the complete genome of indigenous swine hepatitis e virus isolated in japan. | using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with primers derived from well-conserved genomic areas among all four hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes (i-iv), the hev sequence was identified in serum samples obtained from 3 (3%) out of 95 60- to 90-day-old pigs in japan and characterized molecularly. in the partial sequence of open reading frame (orf) 2 of 421 nucleotides, the three swine isolates (swj570, swj681, and swj791) showed the highest similarity of 83-87% to genotype iii hev rep ... | 2001 | 11741279 |
| recombinant hepatitis e virus genomes infectious for primates: importance of capping and discovery of a cis-reactive element. | hepatitis e virus recombinant genomes transcribed in vitro from two cdna clones differing by two nucleotides were infectious for chimpanzees. however, one cdna clone encoded a virus that was attenuated for chimpanzees and unable to infect rhesus monkeys. the second cdna clone encoded a virus that infected both chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys and caused acute hepatitis in both. one mutation differentiating the two clones identified a cis-reactive element that appeared to overlap the 3' end of the ... | 2001 | 11742081 |
| partial sequence analysis of indigenous hepatitis e virus isolated in the united kingdom. | the first nucleotide sequences of hepatitis e virus (hev) acquired in the united kingdom are described. the sequences are novel and are related most closely to hev isolated from greece (greece 2 strain), consistent with their having been derived from an indigenous european virus. hev was assumed until recently to be rare in the united kingdom and other industrialised countries and, consequently, hepatitis e may be under-diagnosed in industrialised countries. | 2001 | 11745935 |
| hepatitis e virus sequences in swine related to sequences in humans, the netherlands. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a major cause of viral hepatitis in much of the developing world, has recently been detected in swine in north america and asia, raising concern about potential for zoonotic transmission. to investigate if hev is commonly present in swine in the netherlands, pooled stool samples from 115 swine farms and nine individual pigs with diarrhea were assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification. hev rna was detected by rt-pcr and hybridizatio ... | 2001 | 11747723 |