Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| genetic and biologic characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates of cats from china. | cats are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infection because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts. in the present study, prevalence of t. gondii was determined in serum, feces, and tissues of 34 cats from people's republic of china. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test and found in 27 of 34 (79.4%) cats with titers of 1:40 in one, 1:80 in one, 1:160 in three, 1:320 in three, 1:640 in eight, and 1:1280 o ... | 2007 | 17267132 |
| protective activity against oocyst shedding in cats vaccinated with crude rhoptry proteins of the toxoplasma gondii by the intranasal route. | this study evaluated a vaccine made from crude rhoptry proteins of toxoplasma gondii with quil-a, which was administered to cats by the intranasal route. eleven short-hair domestic cats were divided into four groups: g1 (n=3) received three doses (200 microg/dose) of the rhoptry vaccine with quil-a (20 microg); g2 (n=3) received pbs with quil-a (20 microg); g3 (n=3) and g4 (n=2) received only pbs. treatments were administered at days 0, 21, and 42 by the intranasal route. challenge was done to g ... | 2007 | 17296268 |
| allergic sensitization and microbial load--a comparison between finland and russian karelia. | epidemiological data have indicated that some infections are associated with a low risk of allergic diseases, thus supporting the idea (hygiene hypothesis) that the microbial load is an important environmental factor conferring protection against the development of allergies. we set out to test the hygiene hypothesis in a unique epidemiological setting in two socio-economically and culturally markedly different, although genetically related, populations living in geographically adjacent areas. t ... | 2007 | 17302731 |
| recurrent headache as the main symptom of acquired cerebral toxoplasmosis in nonhuman immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects with no lymphadenopathy: the parasite may be responsible for the neurogenic inflammation postulated as a cause of different types of headaches. | headache and/or migraine, a common problem in pediatrics and internal medicine, affect about 5% to 10% children and adolescents, and nearly 30% of middle-aged women. headache is also one of the most common clinical manifestations of acquired toxoplasma gondii infection of the central nervous system (cns) in immunosuppressed subjects. we present 11 apparently nonhuman immunodeficiency virus-infected children aged 7 to 17 years (8 girls, 3 boys) and 1 adult woman with recurrent severe headaches in ... | 2007 | 17303977 |
| parasites of free-ranging small canids and felids in the bolivian chaco. | parasite surveys of free-ranging wildlife provide important information for monitoring population health. between march 2001 and march 2003, we sampled 10 ocelots (leopardus pardalis), eight geoffroy's cats (oncifelis geoffroyi), a jaguarundi (herpailurus yaguarondi), five pampas foxes (pseudalopex gymnocercus), and three crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) at three sites in the bolivian chaco. the objective of the study was to survey the parasite fauna of these carnivores and compare prevalence ... | 2006 | 17312790 |
| serologic survey of domestic felids in the petén region of guatemala. | blood samples were analyzed from 30 domestic cats (felis domesticus) from the petén region of guatemala to determine the seroprevalence of common pathogens that may pose a potential risk to native wild felids. eight of the cats had been vaccinated previously; however, owners were unable to fully describe the type of vaccine and date of administration. in addition, blood samples were obtained from two captive margays (leopardus wiedii). samples were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficienc ... | 2005 | 17315469 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii strains from different hosts in iran. | toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent protozoan parasites in iran. this study was aimed to isolate t. gondii from a variety of hosts and to genetically analyze the parasite isolates. the prevalence of t. gondii in different animal hosts was assessed in two provinces of iran, tehran and mazandaran in the central and northern parts, respectively. the latex agglutination (la) test was carried out, and antibodies were found in 24 out of 105 sheep, 5 out of 35 goats, 23 out of 45 free-rangin ... | 2007 | 17333278 |
| toxoplasma gondii strains defective in oral transmission are also defective in developmental stage differentiation. | toxoplasma gondii undergoes differentiation from rapidly growing tachyzoites to slowly growing bradyzoites during its life cycle in the intermediate host, and conversion can be induced in vitro by stress. representative strains of the three clonal lineages showed equal capacity to differentiate into bradyzoites in vitro, as evidenced by induction of bradyzoite antigen 1, staining with dolichos biflorus lectin (dbl), pepsin resistance, and oral infectivity in mice. we also examined several recent ... | 2007 | 17339346 |
| seropositivity rates for bartonella henselae, toxocara canis and toxoplasma gondii in new zealand blood donors. | bartonella henselae, toxocara canis and toxoplasma gondii organisms can all cause vision-threatening posterior segment disease. diagnosis relies heavily on clinical findings, but detection of antibodies in the patient's serum may be helpful in some cases. the significance of a positive serology result depends on the seroprevalence in the general population. seroprevalence rates for these organisms vary widely around the world and this study aimed to determine the rates for a new zealand populati ... | 2007 | 17362453 |
| toxoplasma gondii infections in sheep in sicily, southern italy. | the aim of the study was to determine the burden of toxoplasma gondii-infections in sheep in sicily, southern italy and the risk factors for infection. sera from 1961 sheep were collected just before slaughtering from 62 farms located in 8 out of 9 sicilian administrative districts. the sera were analysed for toxoplasma-specific igg antibodies using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. sheep less than 4 weeks old were further analysed by elisa for toxoplasma-specific igm-ant ... | 2007 | 17383099 |
| the development of a molecular approach for coprodiagnosis of toxoplasma gondii. | copro-diagnostic methods for toxoplasma gondii infected cats have been traditionally based on the identification of oocysts by light microscopy or by bioassays. the first method is not sensitive and also unable to differentiate between toxoplasma oocysts from other coccidian parasites in cats, and the second is cumbersome, time consuming and expensive. we have adapted a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to detect t. gondii oocyst dna in fecal samples. oocysts were successfully disrupted by ... | 2007 | 17395378 |
| behavioral changes induced by toxoplasma infection of rodents are highly specific to aversion of cat odors. | the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii blocks the innate aversion of rats for cat urine, instead producing an attraction to the pheromone; this may increase the likelihood of a cat predating a rat. this is thought to reflect adaptive, behavioral manipulation by toxoplasma in that the parasite, although capable of infecting rats, reproduces sexually only in the gut of the cat. the "behavioral manipulation" hypothesis postulates that a parasite will specifically manipulate host behaviors essenti ... | 2007 | 17404235 |
| the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in ontario sheep flocks. | in a random sample of 103 sheep farms in ontario, 99% of the farms had some sheep serologically positive for toxoplasma gondii, based on an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the percent of sheep affected within farms ranged from 3.8% to 97.8%, with an average flock prevalence of 57.6%. when farm management variables were considered in a multivariate analysis, significantly lower rates of serologically positive sheep were associated with neutering of female cats and clipping of ewes' peri ... | 1991 | 17423914 |
| epidemiology and control of neosporosis and neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. until 1988, it was misidentified as toxoplasma gondii. since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. although antibodies to n. caninum have been reported, the parasi ... | 2007 | 17428888 |
| epidemiological evidences from china assume that psychiatric-related diseases may be associated with toxoplasma gondii infection. | in recent years, the effect of toxoplasma gondii infection on psychiatric-related aspects has been increasingly recognized. t. gondii has a high affinity for brain tissue where tachyzoites may form tissue cysts and persist life long. in recent years, 15 serological surveys about t. gondii infection and psychiatric diseases have been carried out in different areas in china. studies showed that the prevalence of antibodies against t. gondii in psychotic patients was much higher than in normal pers ... | 2007 | 17435677 |
| diverse and atypical genotypes identified in toxoplasma gondii from dogs in são paulo, brazil. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in 118 unwanted dogs from são paulo city, são paulo state, brazil, was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test and found in 42 (35.8%) dogs, with titers of 1:20 in 10, 1:40 in 6, 1:80 in 5, 1:160 in 5, 1:320 in 6, 1:640 in 7, and 1:1,280 or higher in 3. hearts and brains of 36 seropositive dogs were bioassayed in mice, or cats, or both. tissues from 20 seropositive dogs were fed to 20 t. gondii-free cats. feces of ca ... | 2007 | 17436942 |
| genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates in dogs from vietnam suggests their south american origin. | dogs are considered a potential risk for transmission of toxoplasma gondii to humans because they can mechanically transmit oocysts to people and in certain parts of the world dog meat is consumed by humans. the prevalence of t. gondii in 42 dogs from rural vietnam was determined. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test, and found in 21 (50%) of 42 dogs with titers of 1:20 in six, 1:40 in seven, 1:80 in two, 1:160 in two, 1:320 in two, 1:640 in one, and 1:1280 or ... | 2007 | 17442492 |
| follow-up of the health conditions of an urban colony of free-roaming cats (felis catus linnaeus, 1758) in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. | similar to other urban areas where food and shelter are abundant, the zoological garden of rio de janeiro has dealt for years with a colony of feral or semi-feral domestic cats. a survey was conducted during 2002-2004 as a follow-up to a previous study in 2001 of the cat colony to identify pathogens circulating among the population and to annually follow the status of the cats to analyze morbidity coefficients and associations among infections and infestations identified in the colony. during th ... | 2007 | 17481822 |
| evidence of feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and toxoplasma gondii in feral cats on mauna kea, hawaii. | we determined prevalence to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibodies, feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen, and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in feral cats (felis catus) on mauna kea hawaii from april 2002 to may 2004. six of 68 (8.8%) and 11 of 68 (16.2%) cats were antibody positive to fiv and antigen positive for felv, respectively; 25 of 67 (37.3%) cats were seropositive to t. gondii. antibodies to felv and t. gondii occurred in all age and sex classes, but fiv occurred only in adult mal ... | 2007 | 17495320 |
| [ocular toxoplasmosis]. | toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis which occurs worldwide and is an important cause of blindness. the infection is naturally acquired by the ingestion of oocysts excreted by infected cats or by ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked or raw meat. primary infection during pregnancy may result in a congenital infection. toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is the most common cause of posterior uveitis in immunocompetent patients. depending on the patient's age, ocular symptoms vary presenting with re ... | 2007 | 17530262 |
| detection of toxolasma gondii in captive wild felids. | toxoplasma gondii can infect all species of warm-blooded animals, including humans, and causes serious diseases in immunocompromized hosts. live tachyzoites derived from serial passage in hela culture were used in the sabin-feldman dye test for detection of toxoplasma gondii antibody in serum samples of 21 captive wild felids including one fishing cat (prion nailurus viverrina), one leopard (panthera pardus), two flat-headed cats (prion nailurus planiceps), 6 tigers (panthera tigris), two leopar ... | 2006 | 17547043 |
| toxoplasma gondii, brazil. | 2007 | 17552120 | |
| management of bilateral uveitis in a toxoplasma gondii-seropositive cat with histopathologic evidence of fungal panuveitis. | a 5-year-old, neutered male domestic short-haired cat was referred with a 5-month history of anterior uveitis and cataract in the right eye. clinical examination confirmed anterior uveitis and immature cataract in the right eye and chorioretinitis in the left eye. ocular ultrasound showed a retinal detachment in the right eye. diagnostic testing revealed elevated serum titers for toxoplasma gondii. anterior uveitis in the right eye and chorioretinitis in the left eye progressed, resulting in bli ... | 2007 | 17565553 |
| physical inactivation of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water. | inactivation of toxoplasma gondii oocysts occurred with exposure to pulsed and continuous uv radiation, as evidenced by mouse bioassay. even at doses of >or=500 mj/cm2, some oocysts retained their viability. | 2007 | 17616618 |
| new and old risk-factors for toxoplasma gondii infection: prospective cross-sectional study among military personnel in the czech republic. | the aims of this study were to evaluate seroprevalence and the importance of various risk-factors for toxoplasma infection in the czech republic. a prospective cross-sectional survey was conducted among military personnel in prague. consenting subjects (n = 3250) completed a questionnaire concerning demographics and risk-factors, and blood samples were taken to determine anti-toxoplasma antibody titres according to complement fixation and elisa igg and igm tests. the seroprevalence of toxoplasmo ... | 2007 | 17617185 |
| isolation and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii from striped dolphin (stenella coeruleoalba) from costa rica. | toxoplasma gondii infection in marine mammals is of interest because of mortality and mode of transmission. it has been suggested that marine mammals become infected with t. gondii oocysts washed from land to the sea. we report the isolation and genetic characterization of viable t. gondii from a striped dolphin (stenella coeruleoalba), the first time from this host. an adult female dolphin was found stranded on the pacific coast of costa rica, and the animal died the next day. the dolphin had a ... | 2007 | 17626370 |
| seroepidemiology of infection with toxoplasma gondii in healthy blood donors of durango, mexico. | toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) infection in blood donors could represent a risk for transmission in blood recipients. there is scarce information about the epidemiology of t. gondii infection in blood donors in mexico. therefore, we sought to determine the prevalence of t. gondii infection and associated socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics in a population of healthy blood donors of durango city, mexico. | 2007 | 17629901 |
| mother-to-child transmission and diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. | toxoplasmosis is caused by a coccidian parasite toxoplasma gondii. it is world-wide in distribution and infects most of the vertebrates. the cat family animals (felides) are its definitive host. the humans are infected either through contaminated food, water, transfusion of infected blood, organ transplantation or from mother-to-foetus through placenta. the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in indian pregnant women is variably reported. however, the knowledge about this infection, its diagnosis and in ... | 2003 | 17642985 |
| influence of latent toxoplasmosis on the secondary sex ratio in mice. | the sex ratio may be influenced by many factors, such as stress and immunosuppression, age of parents, parity and sex of preceding siblings. in animal systems, parasitism often changes the sex ratio of infected hosts, which can increase the probability of their transmission. the most common human protozoan parasite in developed countries, toxoplasma gondii (prevalence 20%-80%), is known to change the behaviour of its intermediate hosts, thereby increasing the probability of transmission to its d ... | 2007 | 17651529 |
| toxoplasmosis in prey species and consequences for prevalence in feral cats: not all prey species are equal. | toxoplasma gondii is largely transmitted to definitive felid hosts through predation. not all prey species represent identical risks of infection for cats because of differences in prey susceptibility, exposure and/or lifespan. previously published studies have shown that prevalence in rodent and lagomorph species is positively correlated with body mass. we tested the hypothesis that different prey species have different infection risks by comparing infection dynamics of feral cats at 4 sites in ... | 2007 | 17672925 |
| the effects of toxoplasma infection on rodent behavior are dependent on dose of the stimulus. | parasite toxoplasma gondii blocks the innate aversion of rats for cat urine, putatively increasing the likelihood of a cat predating a rat. this is thought to reflect an adaptive behavioral manipulation, because toxoplasma can reproduce only in cat intestines. while it will be adaptive for the parasite to cause an absolute behavioral change, fitness costs associated with the manipulation itself suggest that the change is optimized and not maximized. we investigate these conflicting suggestions i ... | 2007 | 17683872 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild carnivores from spain. | serum samples from 282 wild carnivores from different regions of spain were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test using a cut-off value of 1:25. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 22 of 27 (81.5%) of iberian lynx (lynx pardinus), 3 of 6 european wildcats (felis silvestris), 66 of 102 (64.7%) red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 15 of 32 (46.9%) wolves (canis lupus), 26 of 37 (70.3%) eurasian badgers (meles meles), 17 of 20 (85.0%) stone martens (martes foina), 4 ... | 2007 | 17689869 |
| toxoplasma gondii brain granuloma in a cat: diagnosis using cytology from an intraoperative sample and sequential magnetic resonance imaging. | a cat with a history of seizures and clinical suspicion of forebrain disorder underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging. a space-occupying lesion was identified in the left temporal lobe. the mass was surgically removed, and cytological, histological and immunohistochemical examinations documented the presence of toxoplasma gondii. a definitive diagnosis of an intracranial t gondii granuloma was made. the cat was treated with clindamycin and phenobarbital and the seizures did not recur. after ... | 2008 | 17784931 |
| evolution: parasites make scaredy-rats foolhardy. | in the 7 august issue of the proceedings of the royal society of london b, researchers offer a striking demonstration of the ability of some parasites to alter the behavior of their hosts for their own benefit. rats, the intermediate hosts of the protozoan toxoplasma gondii, appear to lose their fear of cats, toxoplasma's final host, when the parasite infects them. by precisely altering rat brains, the parasite potentially increases its chances of completing its life cycle. | 2000 | 17832058 |
| cutaneous toxoplasmosis in a female japanese cat. | a 16-year-old female japanese cat was presented with a single mammary-gland nodule approximately 3 cm in diameter. histologically, the nodule consisted of necrotizing granulomatous panniculitis, vasculitis, and mastitis, and contained free and clustered protozoal organisms. the organism was present in the cytoplasm of macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and mammary-gland epithelia. the organism was positive for anti- toxoplasma gondii and anti- neospora caninum antibodies. electron micr ... | 2007 | 17846241 |
| isolation and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii from ugandan chickens reveals frequent multiple infections. | the genetic make-up of an infecting toxoplasma gondii strain may be important for the outcome of infection and the risk of reactivation of chronic disease. in order to survey the distribution of different genotypes within an area, free-range chickens act as a good model species. in this study 85 chickens were used to investigate the prevalence, genotype and mouse virulence of t. gondii in kampala, uganda. antibodies were detected in 40 chickens, of which 20 had mat-titres of 1:20 or higher and w ... | 2008 | 17892617 |
| congenital toxoplasmosis in two health institutions in trinidad. | toxoplasmosis is the most widespread zoonosis and an important human disease particularly in children where it could cause visual and neurological impairment and mental retardation. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis, especially congenital toxoplasmosis in patients at two health institutions in trinidad a total of 504 cord blood samples of newborn babies were collected: 174 from a women's hospital and 330 from a general hospital. in order to elicit aternal and ... | 2007 | 17910149 |
| [the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in women from sanliurfa, a province with a high raw meatball consumption]. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that can infect all kind of birds and all mammals including humans and is common throughout the world. the prevalence varies according to social and cultural habits, pet cats in homes and geographic factors. domestic cats are considered to be an important source of toxoplasma gondii infection. from january to june 2006, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was retrospectively monitored from blood samples that had been sent to our laboratory in ... | 2007 | 17918053 |
| evaluation of two toxoplasma gondii serologic tests used in a serosurvey of domestic cats in california. | we evaluated the sensitivity (se) and specificity (sp) of an igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and igg indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for detection of toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in sera from 2 cat populations using a bayesian approach. accounting for test covariance, the se and sp of the igg elisa were estimated to be 92.6% and 96.5%, and those of the igg ifat were 81.0% and 93.8%, respectively. both tests performed poorly in cats experimentally coinfected with ... | 2007 | 17918359 |
| chemical inactivation of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water. | the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii is increasingly recognized as a waterborne pathogen. infection can be acquired by drinking contaminated water and conventional water treatments may not effectively inactivate tough, environmentally resistant oocysts. the present study was performed to assess the efficacy of 2 commonly used chemicals, sodium hypochlorite and ozone, to inactivate t. gondii oocysts in water. oocysts were exposed to 100 mg/l of chlorine for 30 min, or for 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 ... | 2007 | 17918377 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in cats from st. kitts, west indies. | the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was determined in sera from 106 domestic cats from st. kitts, west indies. using a modified agglutination test, antibodies to this parasite were found in 90 (84.9%) of the cats, with titers of 1:20 in 23 cats, 1:40 in 34 cats, 1:80 in 18 cats, 1:160 in 2 cats, 1:320 in 1 cat, and 1:1,280 or higher in 11 cats. this is the first report of the prevalence of t. gondii infections in cats on st. kitts and suggests widespread contamination of the enviro ... | 2007 | 17918385 |
| nested pcr-based detection of toxoplasma gondii in german shepherd dogs and stray cats in south korea. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii was surveyed by using a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that was targeted to t. gondii b1 gene in german shepherd dogs and stray cats. sixty-four (46.3%) out of 138 german shepherd dogs and 50 (47.2%) out of 106 stray cats were tested positive by the nested pcr assay, respectively. there was no significant difference in gender or age in german shepherd dogs and stray cats. in the five positive dogs and five positive cats, the nucleotide partial sequence ... | 2008 | 17949762 |
| serosurvey for toxoplasma gondii in arctic foxes and possible sources of infection in the high arctic of svalbard. | samples (blood or tissue fluid) from 594 arctic foxes (alopex lagopus), 390 svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), 361 sibling voles (microtus rossiaemeridionalis), 17 walruses (odobenus rosmarus), 149 barnacle geese (branta leucopsis), 58 kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), and 27 glaucous gulls (larus hyperboreus) from svalbard and nearby waters were assayed for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii using a direct agglutination test. the proportion of seropositive animals was 43% in ar ... | 2007 | 17950534 |
| population structure and mouse-virulence of toxoplasma gondii in brazil. | recent studies found that isolates of toxoplasma gondii from brazil were biologically and genetically different from those in north america and europe. however, to date only a small number of isolates have been analysed from different animal hosts in brazil. in the present study dna samples of 46 t. gondii isolates from cats in 11 counties in são paulo state, brazil were genetically characterised using 10 pcr restriction fragment length polymorphism markers including sag1, sag2, sag3, btub, gra6 ... | 2008 | 17963770 |
| congenital toxoplasmosis: priorities for further health promotion action. | toxoplasmosis is a disease of considerable public health impact. as the transmission, occurrence and phenotype of this disease are influenced in a complex way by host genetics, immunity, behaviour and by the agent characteristics, prevention will not be simple. this article aimed to review studies defining seroprevalence of and characteristic sociodemographic, biological and lifestyle risk factors for toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women, to evaluate screening and educational programmes ... | 2008 | 17964621 |
| detection of toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts in cat feces and estimates of the environmental oocyst burden. | to estimate the analytic sensitivity of microscopic detection of toxoplasma gondii oocysts and the environmental loading of t gondii oocysts on the basis of prevalence of shedding by owned and unowned cats. | 2007 | 18052801 |
| first isolate of toxoplasma gondii from arctic fox (vulpes lagopus) from svalbard. | cats are considered essential for the maintenance of toxoplasma gondii in nature. however, t. gondii infection has been reported in arctic fox (vulpes lagopus) from the svalbard high arctic archipelago where felids are virtually absent. to identify the potential source of t. gondii, we attempted to isolate and genetically characterize the parasite from arctic foxes in svalbard. eleven foxes were trapped live in grumant (78 degrees 11'n, 15 degrees 09'e), svalbard, in september 2005 and 2006. one ... | 2008 | 18096319 |
| everyday and exotic foodborne parasites. | everyday foodborne parasites, which are endemic in canada, include the protozoans entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium parvum. however, these parasites are most frequently acquired through unfiltered drinking water, homosexual activity or close personal contact such as in daycare centres and occasionally via a food vehicle. it is likely that many foodborne outbreaks from these protozoa go undetected. transmission of helminth infections, such as tapeworms, is rare in canada ... | 2000 | 18159283 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats from durango city, mexico. | the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was determined in sera from 105 domestic cats from durango city, mexico. using a modified agglutination test, antibodies to this parasite were found in 21% of the 105 cats, with titers of 1:25 in 3 cats, 1:50 in 4 cats, 1:200 in 5 cats, 1:400 in 2 cats, 1:800 in 2 cats, 1:1,600 in 4 cats, and 1:3,200 or higher in 2 cats. cats older than 1 yr had a significantly higher frequency of infection than that found in cats younger than 0.5 yr (41 vs. 13.2 ... | 2007 | 18163360 |
| high prevalence and abundant atypical genotypes of toxoplasma gondii isolated from lambs destined for human consumption in the usa. | little information is available on the presence of viable toxoplasma gondii in tissues of lambs worldwide. the prevalence of t. gondii was determined in 383 lambs (<1 year old) from maryland, virginia and west virginia, usa. hearts of 383 lambs were obtained from a slaughter house on the day of killing. blood removed from each heart was tested for antibodies to t. gondii by using the modified agglutination test (mat). sera were first screened using 1:25, 1:50, 1: 100 and 1:200 dilutions, and hea ... | 2008 | 18191859 |
| occurrence of toxoplasma gondii and hammondia hammondi oocysts in the faeces of cats from germany and other european countries. | faecal samples of 24,106 cats from germany and other european countries were examined microscopically in a veterinary laboratory in germany between october 2004 and november 2006 to estimate the prevalence of animals shedding toxoplasma gondii or hammondia hammondi oocysts. oocysts of 9-15 microm size with a morphology similar to that of h. hammondi and t. gondii were found in 74 samples (0.31%). a total of 54 samples were further characterised to achieve a species diagnosis and to determine the ... | 2008 | 18226453 |
| seroepidemiology of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii infection in yaks (bos grunniens) in qinghai, china. | neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite and is closely related to toxoplasma gondii, but they are antigenically different. n. caninum and t. gondii infection in a variety of animals such as cattle, dogs, and cats has been reported, but there is little information on the infection of these parasites in domestic yaks. seroprevalence of antibodies to t. gondii and n. caninum in yaks (bos grunniens) from eight regions of qinghai, china were investigated by the indirect agglutination test (iat) and ... | 2008 | 18242860 |
| atypical toxoplasma gondii strain from a free-living jaguar (panthera onca) in french guiana. | like domestic cats, wild felids are involved in the complete infective cycle of toxoplasma gondii because they can host in their gastrointestinal tract sexually mature parasites and shed infective oocysts in their feces. we report, to our knowledge, the first isolation and molecular characterization of a t. gondii strain from the heart tissue of a free-living jaguar (panthera onca) in french guiana. sequencing at six polymorphic markers indicated that the jaguar isolate had an atypical genotype, ... | 2008 | 18256411 |
| are some cases of psychosis caused by microbial agents? a review of the evidence. | the infectious theory of psychosis, prominent early in the twentieth century, has recently received renewed scientific support. evidence has accumulated that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are complex diseases in which many predisposing genes interact with one or more environmental agents to cause symptoms. the protozoan toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus are discussed as examples of infectious agents that have been linked to schizophrenia and in which genes and infectious agents interact ... | 2008 | 18268502 |
| gastrointestinal parasites of feral cats from christmas island. | to investigate the gastrointestinal parasites present in feral cats on christmas island, with particular interest in the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. | 2008 | 18271830 |
| infectious diseases of dogs and cats on isabela island, galapagos. | vaccination and importation of dogs and cats are prohibited in the galapagos, resulting in a uniquely isolated population. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases of dogs and cats that impact their health, could spill over to native wildlife, or sentinel diseases of concern to humans. | 2008 | 18289290 |
| mouse-virulent toxoplasma gondii isolated from feral cats on mona island, puerto rico. | cats are essential in the life cycle of toxoplasma gondii because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts. samples of serum, feces, and tissues from cats from mona, a remote island off the coast of puerto rico, were examined for t. gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test and found in 16 of 19 (84.2%) of cats, with titers of 1:10 in 2, 1:80 in 1, 1:160 in 4, 1:320 in 3, and 1:1,280 or higher in 6. tissues of ... | 2007 | 18314681 |
| characterization of toxoplasma gondii from raccoons (procyon lotor), coyotes (canis latrans), and striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) in wisconsin identified several atypical genotypes. | during 2005-2006, sera and tissues from raccoons (procyon lotor), coyotes (canis latrans), and skunks (mephitis mephitis) from the state of wisconsin were tested for toxoplasma gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 32 of 54 (59.2%) raccoons, 18 of 35 (51.4%) coyotes, and 5 of 7 (71.4%) skunks using the modified agglutination test and a cut-off titer of 1:20. pooled tissues (brains, hearts, and tongues) from 30 raccoons, 15 coyotes, and 1 skunk were bioassayed for t. gondii infe ... | 2007 | 18314705 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies and the relation to risk factors in cats of colima, mexico. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 80 domestic cats was studied in the city of colima, mexico, using an indirect igg-elisa. antibodies were found in 28.8% of the cats, with significantly higher (p = 0.029) prevalence in southern and central zones (33.8%) than the northern zone (6.6%). prevalence among cats fed with homemade food was higher than those eating commercial pellets (40.6% [vs.] 20.8%; p = 0.055). overall, the prevalence of t. gondii antibodies in the cats of colima was ... | 2007 | 18314706 |
| prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in roe deer from spain. | roe deer (capreolus capreolus) is an important game animal in spain. sera from 278 roe deer from eight areas in mainland spain were assayed for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by modified agglutination test (mat). titers of 1:25 or higher were found in 109 (39.2%) of 278 deer. no significant differences in antibody prevalence were found between sex or age categories. in contrast, significant differences in seroprevalence between locations were evident. roe deer from the northern coastal habitats ... | 2008 | 18316161 |
| spatial distribution of soil contamination by toxoplasma gondii in relation to cat defecation behaviour in an urban area. | in urban areas, there may be a high local risk of zoonosis due to high densities of stray cat populations. in this study, soil contamination by oocysts of toxoplasma gondii was searched for, and its spatial distribution was analysed in relation to defecation behaviour of cats living in a high-density population present in one area of lyon (france). sixteen defecation sites were first identified. cats were then repeatedly fed with marked food and the marked faeces were searched for in the defecat ... | 2008 | 18325523 |
| seroprevalence and sources of toxoplasma infection among indigenous and immigrant pregnant women in taiwan. | investigation on seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infections among indigenous and immigrant pregnant women in mid-taiwan showed that anti taxoplasma-specific igg antibody counts were significantly higher in indigenes (40.6%) than in immigrants (18.2%), with an odds ratio of or=3.34 (95% ci: 1.93-4.80). the titre of taxoplasma-specific igg was also significantly higher in indigenes than in immigrants (p<0.001). differences of living styles for toxoplasma infection between the ... | 2008 | 18327612 |
| cationic amino acid transporter-2 regulates immunity by modulating arginase activity. | cationic amino acid transporters (cat) are important regulators of nos2 and arg1 activity because they regulate l-arginine availability. however, their role in the development of th1/th2 effector functions following infection has not been investigated. here we dissect the function of cat2 by studying two infectious disease models characterized by the development of polarized th1 or th2-type responses. we show that cat2(-/-) mice are significantly more susceptible to the th1-inducing pathogen tox ... | 2008 | 18369473 |
| endemic toxoplasmosis in pigs on a farm in maryland: isolation and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii was investigated on a poorly managed pig farm in maryland. serum and tissue samples from 48 of the 100 pigs on the farm were available for t. gondii evaluation. serological testing was performed using both elisa and the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies to t. gondii were detected by elisa in 12 of 48 animals, while antibodies were detected in 34 of 48 pigs by mat with titers of 1:10 in 1, 1:20 in 4, 1:40 in 7, 1:80 in 3, 1:160 in 8, 1:320 in 3, 1:6 ... | 2008 | 18372619 |
| isolation and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii from raccoons (procyon lotor), cats (felis domesticus), striped skunk (mephitis mephitis), black bear (ursus americanus), and cougar (puma concolor) from canada. | viable toxoplasma gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from tissues of 2 feral cats (felis domesticus), 2 raccoons (procyon lotor), a skunk (mephitis mephitis) trapped in remote locations in manitoba, canada, and a black bear (ursus americanus) from kuujjuaq, northern quebec, canada. genotyping of these t. gondii isolates using polymorphisms at 10 nuclear markers including sagi, sag2, sag3, btub, gra6, c22-8, c29-2, l358, pk1, and an apicoplast marker apico revealed 4 genotypes. none of the i ... | 2008 | 18372620 |
| seroprevalence and isolation of toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens in ghana, indonesia, italy, poland, and vietnam. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens (gallus domesticus) is a good indicator of the prevalence of the parasite's oocysts in soil because chicken feed from the ground. the prevalence of t. gondii in free-range chickens from ghana, indonesia, italy, poland, and vietnam was determined using the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies to t. gondii were found in 41 (64%) of 64 chickens from ghana, 24 (24.4%) of 98 chickens from indonesia, 10 (12.5%) of 80 chickens from i ... | 2008 | 18372623 |
| pyogranulomatous cystitis associated with toxoplasma gondii infection in a cat after renal transplantation. | an 8-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for azotemia and a suspected mass in the urinary bladder 6 weeks after receiving a renal transplant. ultrasonography revealed a mass at the ureteroneocystostomy site, and the mass was excised. both the donor and recipient cats were seronegative for toxoplasma gondii-specific igg antibodies prior to transplantation. | 2008 | 18380617 |
| differential diagnosis of oocysts of hammondia-like organisms of dogs and cats by pcr-rflp analysis of 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (hsp70) gene. | organisms of the genera toxoplasma, hammondia and neospora, the hammondia-like organisms, are closely related coccidian with similarly sized oocysts. therefore, a diagnosis based on microscopy of oocysts in feces is not a method of choice for species identification of these important parasites. in this paper, we present a polymerase chain reaction coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) method to differentially diagnose oocysts of toxoplasma gondii from oocyst of hammond ... | 2008 | 18398626 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infection of cats in hungary. | blood samples were collected from 330 cats in hungary in order to evaluate their seroconversion to toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). the overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 47.6%, the prevalence being 22.4% among urban, 50% among suburban and 61.3% among rural animals. significantly more cats had high ifat titres (1:640 to 1:5120) in the countryside. female cats were more frequently infected with t. gondii than males (53.3% vs. 39.3%) ... | 2008 | 18401958 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection in horses. a review. | this review updates those written by dubey and beattie in 1988 (1988a) and by tenter et al in 2000, on pathological and epidemiological aspects of toxoplasma infection in horses. under natural conditions, seroprevalence may variate from 0% up to 90%. this wide variation may be due to the sensitivity of the serological methods, to the age of animals, to the geographical area, and even to the hygienic condition of the farms and farm management. with few exceptions, horses are considered one of the ... | 2007 | 18412038 |
| type x toxoplasma gondii in a wild mussel and terrestrial carnivores from coastal california: new linkages between terrestrial mammals, runoff and toxoplasmosis of sea otters. | sea otters in california are commonly infected with toxoplasma gondii. a unique type x strain is responsible for 72% of otter infections, but its prevalence in terrestrial animals and marine invertebrates inhabiting the same area was unknown. between 2000 and 2005, 45 terrestrial carnivores (lions, bobcats, domestic cats and foxes) and 1396 invertebrates (mussels, clams and worms) were screened for t. gondii using pcr and dna sequencing to determine the phylogeographic distribution of t. gondii ... | 2008 | 18452923 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray cats in sari, northern iran. | cats are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii because they are the only hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts. t.gondii is a major zoonotic agent which infects up to one-third of the world population. toxoplasmosis in neonates and immunocompromised patients can lead to severe disease and death. a cross- sectional parasitological and serological survey with latex agglutination test (lat) to detect anti-t. gondii antibodies was conducted on 100 serum samples collec ... | 2009 | 18473184 |
| frequency of toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep from a tropical zone of mexico and temporal analysis of the humoral response changes. | an indirect elisa and an immunoblot were standardized to detect anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sheep, and were compared with a commercial elisa as reference. sensitivity was 92.0 and 96.0%, and specificity 88.0 and 75.0%, respectively. then the serum samples of 103 sheep on a ranch located in the eastern region of mexico were analysed. a frequency ranging from 77 to 84% was observed, with a heterogeneous pattern among the animals by immunoblotting. ten months later 56 sheep were sampled an ... | 2008 | 18474123 |
| seroepidemiology of infection with toxoplasma gondii in waste pickers and waste workers in durango, mexico. | municipal waste is a potential source of infection for toxoplasma gondii as it may contain contaminated meat with parasite tissue cysts and cat excrement with parasite oocysts. therefore, we sought to determine the prevalence of t. gondii infection and associated characteristics in two populations exposed to municipal solid waste in durango, mexico. ninety waste pickers and 83 waste workers of durango city, mexico were examined for t. gondii infection. they were tested for anti-t. gondii igg and ... | 2008 | 18489540 |
| presence of domesticated cats and visual impairment associated to toxoplasma gondii serum positive children at an elementary school in jataizinho, state of paraná, brazil. | toxoplasmosis possess worldwide geographic distribution and high serological prevalence in human beings and animals. acquired way is, in the majority of the times, light or asymptomatic however, in approximately 15% of the cases can be developed the ocular form. the aim of this study is to research the occurrence of igg anti- toxoplasma gondii antibodies in children at an elementary school in jataizinho (pr) and relate some factors with the epidemiology of the toxoplasmosis. a total of 276 sampl ... | 2008 | 18554434 |
| disease threats to the endangered iberian lynx (lynx pardinus). | the iberian lynx, (lynx pardinus), is the most endangered felid in the world. to determine whether sympatric carnivores are reservoirs of pathogens posing a disease risk for the lynx, evidence of exposure to 17 viral, bacterial and protozoan agents was investigated in 176 carnivores comprising 26 free-living lynx, 53 domestic cats, 28 dogs, 33 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 24 egyptian mongooses (herpestes ichneumon), 10 common genets (genetta genetta) and 2 eurasian badgers (meles meles) in the are ... | 2009 | 18555712 |
| [the epizootology of feline toxoplasmosis in the town of perm]. | the study was undertaken to determine the rates of infection with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis among cats in the town of perm. fecal tests established the infection of domestic animals with different intestinal parasites: toxocara cati, toxascaris leonine, uncinaria stenocephala, oslerus osleri, hydatigera taeniaformis, blastocystisfelis, and toxoplasma gondii. serum tests revealed antibodies to the pathogen of toxoplasmosis in 80% of samples. the highest infection rate was observed among the ... | 2008 | 18561404 |
| the urban house mouse (mus domesticus) as a reservoir of infection for the human parasite toxoplasma gondii: an unrecognised public health issue? | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting almost all warm-blooded animals. the cat is the definitive host and becomes infected by consuming contaminated meat or infected prey. humans can act as intermediate hosts and in healthy individuals the infection is mild and self-limiting. in pregnant women it can cause spontaneous abortions and foetal abnormalities and is capable of inducing serious illness in immuno-compromised patients. in infested dwellings, mice could act as inte ... | 2008 | 18569146 |
| serological survey of toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats from northeastern portugal. | cats are very important hosts in the epidemiological cycle of toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan parasite that can infect humans and many other animal species worldwide. we report a serological survey of antibodies to t. gondii in domestic cats from northeastern portugal, by means of the modified agglutination test. three cats had titres of 20 (3.9%), 18 had titres of 40 (23.7%) and 55 animals had titres of > or =800 (72.4%). results of three seropositive kittens with less than 4 months wer ... | 2008 | 18571327 |
| investigation of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats of the ankara region of turkey using the sabin-feldman dye test and an indirect fluorescent antibody test. | blood samples from 99 cats from the ankara province of turkey were examined for the presence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibody with the use of both the sabin-feldman dye test (dt) and an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). forty of the 99 sera (40.3%) were positive for antibodies against t. gondii with the dt, whereas the ifat assay detected antibodies in 34 (34.3%). the study also evaluated 3 factors for their potential association with the presence of t. gondii antibody: age (<1 yr, 1- ... | 2008 | 18576761 |
| molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates from cats in spain. | cats are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii because felids are the only definitive hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts. fresh samples of brain from 103 spanish cats with antibodies to t. gondii were analyzed for t. gondii dna using nested-pcr; 47 (45.5%) were found to be positive. further characterization of dna from 46 cats using rflp-pcr at the 3' and 5' ends of the sag2 locus revealed that 12 (26%) isolates were type i and 34 (74%) were type ii; no type ii ... | 2008 | 18576763 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection and risk factors associated with seropositivity of pregnant women in korea. | a total of 351 serum samples was examined for anti-t. gondii antibody titers; the overall seroprevalence was 3.7%. the sabin-feldman dye test (dt), latex agglutination test (lat), and igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (igg elisa) indicated seroprevalences of 3.7%, 3.4%, and 4.0%, respectively. compared with the dt, the sensitivities of the lat and igg elisa were 84.6% and 100.0%, respectively, and the specificities of the lat and igg elisa were both 99.7%. an increase in t. gondii seropreval ... | 2008 | 18576787 |
| isolation of toxoplasma gondii from bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus). | toxoplasma gondii infection in marine mammals is intriguing and indicative of contamination of the ocean environment and coastal waters with oocysts. in previous serological surveys, >90% of bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) from the coasts of florida, south carolina, and california had antibodies to t. gondii by the modified agglutination test (mat). in the present study, attempts were made to isolate t. gondii from dead t. truncatus. during 2005, 2006, and 2007, serum or blood clot, and ... | 2008 | 18576793 |
| toxoplasmosis in wallabies (macropus rufogriseus and macropus eugenii): blindness, treatment with atovaquone, and isolation of toxoplasma gondii. | australasian marsupials, especially wallabies, are highly susceptible to clinical toxoplasmosis. this paper describes the use of atovaquone for effective treatment of toxoplasmosis in 4 bennett's wallabies (macropus rufogriseus), along with the serology, isolation of toxoplasma gondii, and genotyping of 3 t. gondii isolates from 5 captive wallabies. this is the first report of success in treating acute toxoplasmosis in wallabies, the first report of serology followed over a significant period of ... | 2008 | 18576797 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in gordon's wildcat (felis silvestris gordoni) in the middle east. | most species of felids tested have been found to be the definitive host for toxoplasma gondii. gordon's wildcat (felis silvestris gordoni) is a threatened species found in the united arab emirates (uae) and oman. antibodies to t. gondii were found in all 29 captive and 2 of 7 wild-caught f. s. gordoni in uae examined by the modified agglutination test (mat). titers were 1:100 in 1, 1:200 in 5, 1:400 in 6, 1:800 in 10, 1:1,600 in 5, and 1:3,200 or higher in 4. none of these cats was ill, despite ... | 2008 | 18576866 |
| prevalence and risk factors for anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in goats of the seridó oriental microregion, rio grande do norte state, northeast region of brazil. | the prevalence and risk factors for anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies were investigated in goats of the seridó oriental microregion, rio grande do norte state, northeast region of brazil. three hundred and sixty-six blood samples from goats collected by jugular venopuncture were used. for the serologic diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii infection, the indirect fluorescent-antibody test (ifat) with cut-off value 1:64 was carried out. the prevalence of anti-t. gondii antibodies was 30.6% [95% ci=25.9- ... | 2008 | 18583058 |
| quantitative toxoplasma gondii oocyst detection by a modified kato katz test using kinyoun staining (kkk) in me49 strain experimentally infected cats. | we detected toxoplasma gondii oocysts in feces of experimentally infected cats, using a kato katz approach with subsequent kinyoun staining. animals serologically negative to t. gondii were infected orally with 5 x 10(2) mice brain cysts of me49 strain. feces were collected daily from the 3rd to the 30th day after challenge. oocysts were detected by qualitative sugar flotation and the quantitative modified kato katz stained by kinyoun (kkk). in the experimentally infected cats, oocysts were dete ... | 2008 | 18604418 |
| seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals in selected zoos in the midwestern united states. | toxoplasma gondii infections in zoo animals are of interest because many captive animals die of clinical toxoplasmosis and because of the potential risk of exposure of children and elderly to t. gondii oocysts excreted by cats in the zoos. seroprevalence of t. gondii antibodies in wild zoo felids, highly susceptible zoo species, and feral cats from 8 zoos of the midwestern united states was determined by using the modified agglutination test (mat). a titer of 1:25 was considered indicative of t. ... | 2008 | 18605803 |
| specificity of the toxoplasma gondii-altered behaviour to definitive versus non-definitive host predation risk. | the hypothesis that the parasite toxoplasma gondii manipulates the behaviour of its intermediate rat host in order to increase its chance of being predated specifically by its feline definitive host, rather than a non-definitive host predator species, was tested. the impact of a range of therapeutic drugs, previously demonstrated to be effective in preventing the development of t. gondii-associated behavioural and cognitive alterations in rats, on definitive-host predator specificity was also te ... | 2008 | 18620624 |
| toxoplasma gondii: an improved rat model of congenital infection. | the objective of this study was to refine the rat model of congenital toxoplasmosis. in fischer rats we found that visualization of spermatozoa in vaginal exudates and the detection of at least 6g body weight increase between days 9 and 12 of pregnancy, allowed the diagnosis and timing of pregnancy with 60% specificity and 84% sensitivity. a dose of 10(4) toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites or 10(2) t. gondii oocysts of the prugniaud strain resulted in more than 50% of congenital infection of the rat ... | 2008 | 18634785 |
| methods for inactivation of toxoplasma gondii cysts in meat and tissues of experimentally infected sheep. | this study utilized infectivity bioassays in cats and mice to assess the efficacy of inactivation of toxoplasma gondii cysts in experimentally infected sheep meat and tissues subjected to chilling, freezing, heating, microwave cooking, and gamma ray irradiation. heating at 60 degrees c or 100 degrees c for 10 minutes, freezing at either -10 degrees c for 3 days or -20 degrees c for 2 days, or irradiation at doses of 75 or 100 krad was sufficient to kill tissue cysts. meanwhile, neither cooking i ... | 2008 | 18681796 |
| ovine toxoplasmosis: transmission, clinical outcome and control. | toxoplasma gondii is a significant cause of abortion in sheep. infection is picked up from the environment and if initiated during pregnancy may cause fetal mortality. infected sheep remain persistently infected with tissue cysts in brain and muscle (meat), and are also immune and would not be expected to abort again. the live tachyzoite vaccine (toxovax) protects against abortion and this allows the suggestion that it may also reduce or prevent tissue cyst development in muscle. if this were so ... | 2007 | 18689230 |
| does vertical transmission contribute to the prevalence of toxoplasmosis? | toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasite with a widespread distribution both in terms of geographical and host range. although the definitive host is the cat, it is also a major health hazard to domestic animals and humans. three routes of transmission are recognised (infection from the cat, carnivory and congenital transmission). we aimed to assess the relative importance of congenital transmission, using sheep as a model system, due to the lack of carnivory. we report, using pcr as a diagnos ... | 2007 | 18689231 |
| undercooked meat consumption remains the major risk factor for toxoplasma infection in serbia. | toxoplasma gondii infection prevalence and infection risk factors were analyzed in a series of 765 women of generative age from throughout serbia tested at the institute for medical research toxoplasmosis laboratory between 2001 and 2005. the infection risk factors were additionally analyzed in a group of 53 women with acute infection (cases) compared to a group of seronegative women matched for age and education level (controls). the overall prevalence of infection was 33%. infection risk facto ... | 2007 | 18689232 |
| toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in crete. | in greece there are no official recommendations concerning the management of pregnant women for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis. a protocol for monitoring pregnant women was designed in order to differentiate between acute and latent toxoplasmosis and was tested successfully for 7 years. the maternofetal transmission rate in crete was assessed and a map showing seroprevalence of pregnant women in all prefectures of greece was prepared. the high seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in g ... | 2007 | 18689233 |
| control of the risk of human toxoplasmosis transmitted by meat. | one-third of the human world population is infected with the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. recent calculations of the disease burden of toxoplasmosis rank this foodborne disease at the same level as salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis. the high disease burden in combination with disappointing results of the currently available treatment options have led to a plea for more effective prevention. in this review we describe toxoplasma as a hazard associated with the consumption of undercooke ... | 2008 | 18694755 |
| evaluation of immunization with tachyzoite excreted-secreted proteins in a novel susceptible mouse model (a/sn) for toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is an important food-borne parasite transmitted primarily from animals to humans through meat consumption, mainly pork and lamb, as well as through oocysts shed by cats. infection in humans can cause severe neonatal malformations, ocular complications or encephalitis. toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy, especially in sheep, often results in abortion, representing considerable economic loss. the aim of this study was to investigate whether toxoplasma gondii pooled excreted ... | 2008 | 18706414 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in belgian house cats. | five hundred and sixty seven sera of healthy house cats aged 3 months to 7 years, were examined for the presence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay and compared to sag1 and tla enzyme linked immunosorbent assays as alternative test. twenty-five percent of cats tested positive for igg and/or igm. seroprevalence increased with age from 2% below 12 months of age up to 44% at age 7. sensitivities of sag1 and tla elisa were 84.1% and 88.6%, respectively. peak levels in ... | 2008 | 18707811 |
| toxoplasma gondii transmission from cats to children. | 1981 | 18748842 | |
| prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats from mexico city. | in order to determine the frequency of anti-toxoplasma gondii igg antibodies in domestic cats and to identify the possible risk factors, 169 domestic cats from 16 municipalities of mexico city were studied. their serum was tested by indirect elisa and the owners answered a questionnaire about age, gender, litter box hygiene, contact with other cats, housing (indoor, outdoor) and diet. we found 37 (21.8%) seropositive cats to t. gondii with an increase in frequency related to age. main risk facto ... | 2008 | 18774649 |