Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| heteroduplex mobility assay for the identification of listeria sp and listeria monocytogenes strains: application to characterisation of strains from sludge and food samples. | one hundred and ten listeria sp. isolates from sewage sludge were identified according to phenotypic and genotypic methods. the listeria sp. strains isolated from five types of sludge from three sewage treatment plants in angers (france) and the surrounding area included l. monocytogenes (55.5%), l. innocua (29.1%), l. seeligeri (13.6%) and l. welshimeri (1.8%). the majority of l. monocytogenes strains belonged to serotypes 4b, 1/2b and 1/2a. moreover, a heteroduplex mobility assay based on the ... | 2003 | 14522461 |
| listeria monocytogenes infection in patients with cancer. | listeriosis (lt) is an important infection in immunocompromised patients, but no large series of lt in cancer patients have been recently described. we reviewed the records of 34 cancer patients with lt at our institution (1990-2001). twenty patients (59%) had an underlying hematologic malignancy. in 11 patients, lt complicated bone marrow transplantation. lymphocytopenia was observed in 62% of the patients. twenty-six patients (76%) received prior corticosteroids. bacteremia was the most common ... | 2003 | 14522512 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of moxifloxacin compared to other quinolones against recent clinical bacterial isolates from hospitalized and community-based cancer patients. | the in vitro spectrum of moxifloxacin (a c-8-methoxyquinolone) was compared to that of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against 924 recent clinical isolates from cancer patients. moxifloxacin was more active than the comparator agents against gram-positive pathogens, with potent activity against aerococcus spp., listeria monocytogenes, micrococcus spp., rhodococcus equi, and stomatococcus mucilaginous, methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus spp., all beta hemolytic streptococci, viridans streptoco ... | 2003 | 14522520 |
| subset-specific, uniform activation among v gamma 6/v delta 1+ gamma delta t cells elicited by inflammation. | the v gamma 6/v delta 1(+) cells, the second murine gamma delta t cell subset to arise in the thymus, express a nearly invariant t cell receptor (tcr), colonize select tissues, and expand preferentially in other tissues during inflammation. these cells are thought to help in regulating the inflammatory response. until now, v gamma 6/v delta 1(+) cells have only been detectable indirectly, by expression of v gamma 6-encoding mrna. here, we report that 17d1, a monoclonal antibody, which detects th ... | 2004 | 14525969 |
| restricted translocation across the cell wall regulates secretion of the broad-range phospholipase c of listeria monocytogenes. | the virulence of listeria monocytogenes is directly related to its ability to spread from cell to cell without leaving the intracellular milieu. during cell-to-cell spread, bacteria become temporarily confined to secondary vacuoles. among the bacterial factors involved in escape from these vacuoles is a secreted broad-range phospholipase c (pc-plc), the activation of which requires processing of an n-terminal prodomain. mpl, a secreted metalloprotease of listeria, is involved in the proteolytic ... | 2003 | 14526005 |
| the infectious origins of stillbirth. | our objective was to determine the relationship between various types of perinatal infections and stillbirths. | 2003 | 14526331 |
| seca2-dependent secretion of autolytic enzymes promotes listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis. | pathogenic bacteria secrete proteins that promote invasion of host tissues and resistance to immune responses. however, secretion mechanisms that contribute to the enormous morbidity and mortality of gram-positive bacteria are largely undefined. an auxiliary protein secretion system (seca2) has recently emerged in listeria monocytogenes and eight other gram-positive pathogens. here, a proteomics approach identified seventeen seca2-dependent secreted and surface proteins of l. monocytogenes, the ... | 2003 | 14527997 |
| [occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in pre-sliced vacuum-packaged]. | there is scarce information in brazil and other south american countries about the occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in food, mainly refrigerated ready-to-eat products. the consumption of sliced vacuum-packaged meat products has increased in the last few years. nevertheless, a complete assessment of the risk associated with l. monocytogenes in these products is still necessary. because of the production and storage characteristics of these products, they can be considered potential vehicles f ... | 2003 | 14528609 |
| an snp-based pcr assay to differentiate between listeria monocytogenes lineages derived from phylogenetic analysis of the sigb gene. | the alternative sigma factor sigb gene is involved in the stress response regulation of listeria monocytogenes, and contributes towards growth and survival in adverse conditions. this gene was examined to determine if it could be a useful indicator of lineage differentiation, similar to the established method based on ribotyping. the sigb sequence was resolved in four local l. monocytogenes strains and the phylogenetic relationship among these, and a further 21 sigb gene sequences from strains o ... | 2003 | 14529964 |
| a 6 x 6 drop plate method for simultaneous colony counting and mpn enumeration of campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli. | a protocol was developed using 96-well plates and multichannel pipettes for serial dilutions, followed by drop plating on agar in a 6 x 6 format. this protocol permits simultaneous plating of six dilutions which greatly decreases the number of plates utilized thereby saving incubator space for organisms such as campylobacter which require unique environmental conditions. | 2003 | 14529971 |
| highly biased type 1 immune responses in mice deficient in lfa-1 in listeria monocytogenes infection are caused by elevated il-12 production by granulocytes. | lfa-1 (cd11a/cd18) plays a key role in various inflammatory responses. here we show that the acquired immune response to listeria monocytogenes is highly biased toward type 1 in the absence of lfa-1. at the early stage of listeriosis, numbers of ifn-gamma producers in the liver and spleen of lfa-1(-/-) mice were markedly increased compared with heterozygous littermates and valpha14(+)nkt cell-deficient mice, and nk cells were major ifn-gamma producers. numbers of il-12 producers were also marked ... | 2003 | 14530315 |
| deficient anti-listerial immunity in the absence of perforin can be restored by increasing memory cd8+ t cell numbers. | compared with wild-type (wt) mice, listeria monocytogenes (lm)-vaccinated perforin-deficient (pko) mice have elevated levels of cd8(+) t cell memory, but exhibit reduced levels of protection against virulent lm. in this study, ag-specific cd8(+) t cells from lm-vaccinated wt and pko mice were used in adoptive transfer assays to determine the contribution of perforin-dependent cytolysis in protective immunity to lm. perforin deficiency resulted in an approximately 5-fold reduction in the per-cell ... | 2003 | 14530349 |
| selective depletion of nonspecific t cells during the early stage of immune responses to infection. | transient t cell depletion occurs before the development of an effective immune response to infection. in this study we show that most t cells, regardless of specificity, are induced to express early activation markers soon after infection with listeria monocytogenes or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. ag-specific t cells are further activated to display late activation markers and undergo extensive proliferation. as ag-specific t cells begin to expand, nonspecific t cells are depleted en mas ... | 2003 | 14530360 |
| behaviour of listeria monocytogenes in anchovies during marination. | 2003 | 14535420 | |
| enhanced immunogenicity of siv gag dna vaccines encoding chimeric proteins containing a c-terminal segment of listeriolysin o. | we investigated the potential of the c-terminal 59-amino acid segment of listeriolysin o (llo) in enhancing immune responses against the siv gag antigen in the context of dna immunization. genes with codons optimized for mammalian expression were synthesized for the sivmac239 gag, a secreted siv gag protein with the tissue plasminogen antigen (tpa) signal fused to its n-terminus (tpa/gag), as well as their corresponding chimeric proteins gag/llo and tpa/gag/llo containing the c-terminal 59 amino ... | 2003 | 14550583 |
| cell biology. how cells step out. | 2003 | 14551414 | |
| [rhomboencephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes infection in the central nervous system]. | listeria monocytogenes infections can involve the central nervous system in the form of a rhomboencephalitis. three possible cases of rhomboencephalitis by listeria monocytogenes are reported (2 females, aged 44 and 49 and a man of 36 years old). the three cases were preceded by an unspecific prodrome of headache, vertigo and fever in absence of a meningeal syndrome. the neurological stage was defined by the unilateral involvement of cranial nerves and the cerebellum and a clear inflammatory cer ... | 2003 | 14558248 |
| requirement of the listeria monocytogenes broad-range phospholipase pc-plc during infection of human epithelial cells. | in this study, we investigated the requirement of the listeria monocytogenes broad-range phospholipase c (pc-plc) during infection of human epithelial cells. l. monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen of humans and a variety of animal species. after entering a host cell, l. monocytogenes is initially surrounded by a membrane-bound vacuole. bacteria promote their escape from this vacuole, grow within the host cell cytosol, and spread from cell to cell via actin-based motil ... | 2003 | 14563864 |
| listeria intracellular growth and virulence require host-derived lipoic acid. | listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive intracytosolic pathogen that causes severe disease in pregnant and immunocompromised individuals. we found that l. monocytogenes lacking the lipoate protein ligase lpla1 was defective for growth specifically in the host cytosol and was less virulent in animals by a factor of 300. a major target for lpla1, the e2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh), lacked a critical lipoyl modification when the deltalpla1 strain was grown intracellularly, which sugge ... | 2003 | 14564012 |
| bactofection of mammalian cells by listeria monocytogenes: improvement and mechanism of dna delivery. | bacteria-mediated transfer of plasmid dna into mammalian cells (bactofection) is a potent approach to express plasmid-encoded heterologous proteins (protein antigens, toxins or enzymes) in a large set of different cell types including phagocytic and nonphagocytic mammalian cells. previously, we have described a listeria monocytogenes-mediated dna delivery system, which releases plasmid dna directly into the cytosol of mammalian cells by partial self-destruction of the carrier bacteria. here we r ... | 2003 | 14566363 |
| development of a protocol for the isolation of listeria monocytogenes from sludge. | given the high level of background flora in sludge, methods for detecting listeria monocytogenes are not well established. in this study, two critical parameters for the detection of l. monocytogenes were evaluated: the concentration of listeria sp. in a modified fraser broth (first stage of the method) and the proportion of l. monocytogenes on palcam agar (second stage of the method). concentrations of listeria sp. estimated in 118 modified fraser enrichment broths inoculated with four types of ... | 2003 | 14568068 |
| effect of asphalt fume inhalation exposure at simulated road paving conditions prior to bacterial infection on lung defense responses in rats. | asphalt fume inhalation has been suspected of affecting immune function in exposed workers. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of asphalt exposure on lung immune responses in rats using a bacterial infectivity model. pathogen-free male sprague-dawley rats were exposed by inhalation to asphalt fumes (72.6 +/- 4.95 mg/m3) or filtered air for 6 h/day for 5 days. one day after the final asphalt exposure, rats were intratracheally inoculated with 5 x 10(5) listeria monocytogenes. ... | 2003 | 14569497 |
| ena/vasp proteins: regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. | ena/vasp proteins are a conserved family of actin regulatory proteins made up of evh1, evh2 domains, and a proline-rich central region. they have been implicated in actin-based processes such as fibroblast migration, axon guidance, and t cell polarization and are important for the actin-based motility of the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. mechanistically, these proteins associate with barbed ends of actin filaments and antagonize filament capping by capping protein (capz). in add ... | 2003 | 14570581 |
| isdg and isdi, heme-degrading enzymes in the cytoplasm of staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus requires iron for growth and utilizes heme as a source of iron during infection. staphylococcal surface proteins capture hemoglobin, release heme from hemoglobin and transport this compound across the cell wall envelope and plasma membrane into the bacterial cytoplasm. here we show that staphylococcus aureus isdg and isdi encode cytoplasmic proteins with heme binding properties. isdg and isdi cleave the tetrapyrrol ring structure of heme in the presence of nadph cytochrome ... | 2004 | 14570922 |
| immobilized enzyme-linked dna-hybridization assay with electrochemical detection for cryptosporidium parvum hsp70 mrna. | an electrochemical enzyme-linked immobilized dna-hybridization assay for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum in water has been developed. the target molecule was a 121-nucleotide sequence from the c. parvum heat shock protein 70 (hsp70 mrna from u71181 gene). this analyte offers the possibility of distinguishing dead from live oocysts. the assay involves covalent attachment of a primary dna probe via its 5'-amine-terminus to self-assembled monolayers of mercaptoundecanoic acid to a gold surf ... | 2003 | 14572058 |
| antibacterial activities of phenolic benzaldehydes and benzoic acids against campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica. | we evaluated the bactericidal activities of 35 benzaldehydes, 34 benzoic acids, and 1 benzoic acid methyl ester against campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica when these compounds were substituted on the benzene ring with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydroxy (oh) and/or methoxy (och3) groups in a ph 7.0 buffer. dose-response plots were used to determine the percentage of the sample that induced a 50% decrease in cfu after 60 min (ba50). of the 70 compoun ... | 2003 | 14572218 |
| prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in, and microbiological and sensory quality of, rainbow trout, whitefish, and vendace roes from finnish retail markets. | the prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in retail roe, as well as the microbiological and sensory qualities of the roe, were studied for three fish species under three different storage conditions. a total of 147 finnish rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), whitefish (coregonus lavaretus), vendace (coregonus albula), and burbot (lota lota) roe samples were bought fresh, frozen, or frozen-thawed from finnish retail markets. the overall prevalence of l. monocytogenes was 5%; however, the prevalen ... | 2003 | 14572220 |
| survival of listeria monocytogenes in a simulated recirculating brine chiller system. | contamination by listeria monocytogenes of processed meats after cooking presents a significant food safety risk. the purpose of this study was to determine the survival of l. monocytogenes in a simulated recirculating brine chiller system using ph values of 5, 6, and 7 with free chlorine concentrations of 0, 3, 5, and 10 ppm in 20% salt brine at -12 degrees c. at ph values of 5, 6, and 7 with chlorine concentrations of 2 and 3 ppm, using 10(8) cfu in a test tube system, an immediate drop of 0.2 ... | 2003 | 14572221 |
| consumer food-handling behaviors associated with prevention of 13 foodborne illnesses. | to be effective in reducing the incidence of foodborne illness, consumers and food safety educators need information about behaviors that will decrease exposure to foodborne pathogens. a four-round delphi technique was used to survey nationally recognized experts in food microbiology, epidemiology, food safety education, and food safety policy with the aim of identifying and ranking food-handling and consumption behaviors associated with 13 major foodborne pathogens. the food safety experts rank ... | 2003 | 14572229 |
| validation of the usda/ars package rinse method for recovery of listeria monocytogenes from naturally contaminated, commercially prepared frankfurters. | the utility of the u.s. department of agriculture/agricultural research service (usda/ars) package rinse method for recovering listeria monocytogenes from the surface of contaminated foods was validated in comparison to the standard usda/food safety and inspection service (fsis) product composite enrichment method and two other methods using frankfurters from a lot with a known package prevalence rate of approximately 16% for this pathogen. one hundred packages from this batch of naturally conta ... | 2003 | 14572233 |
| dna vaccination protects mice against challenge with listeria monocytogenes expressing the hepatitis c virus ns3 protein. | the goal of this study was to develop a new surrogate challenge model for use in evaluating protective cell-mediated immune responses against hepatitis c virus (hcv) antigens. the use of recombinant listeria monocytogenes organisms which express hcv antigens provides novel tools with which to assay such in vivo protection, as expression of immunity against this hepatotropic bacterial pathogen is dependent on antigen-specific cd8(+) t lymphocytes. a plasmid dna vaccine encoding a ubiquitin-ns3 fu ... | 2003 | 14573658 |
| capg(-/-) mice have specific host defense defects that render them more susceptible than capg(+/+) mice to listeria monocytogenes infection but not to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection. | loss of the actin filament capping protein capg has no apparent effect on the phenotype of mice maintained under sterile conditions; however, bone marrow-derived macrophages from capg(-/-) mice exhibited distinct motility defects. we examined the ability of capg(-/-) mice to clear two intracellular bacteria, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the 50% lethal dose of listeria was 10-fold lower for capg(-/-) mice than for capg(+/+) mice (6 x 10(3) cfu for capg(-/-) ... | 2003 | 14573680 |
| cesrk, a two-component signal transduction system in listeria monocytogenes, responds to the presence of cell wall-acting antibiotics and affects beta-lactam resistance. | listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that can cause a variety of illnesses ranging from gastroenteritis to life-threatening septicemia. the beta-lactam antibiotic ampicillin remains the drug of choice for the treatment of listeriosis. we have previously identified a response regulator of a putative two-component signal transduction system that plays a role in the virulence and ethanol tolerance of l. monocytogenes. here we present evidence that the response regulator, cesr, and a hist ... | 2003 | 14576097 |
| characterization and application of a listeria monocytogenes reactive monoclonal antibody c11e9 in a resonant mirror biosensor. | typical detection of listeria monocytogenes involves selective enrichment, isolation and biochemical testing. development of antibodies to listeria species has improved detection; however, most antibodies detect all species of listeria. a previously developed monoclonal antibody (mab)-c11e9 was examined for its reaction to 13 l. innocua and 40 l. monocytogenes strains representing all 13 serotypes by elisa. absorbance values for l. monocytogenes strains were 0.44-3.58 and for l. innocua 0.22-1.4 ... | 2003 | 14580886 |
| inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by bovicin hc5, a bacteriocin produced by streptococcus bovis hc5. | cattle can be infected with listeria monocytogenes by consuming contaminated plant materials, soil or silage, and farmers have sought ways of preventing this contamination. recent work indicated that streptococcus bovis hc5 produced a bacteriocin (bovicin hc5) that could inhibit a variety of gram-positive bacteria, and we examined the ability of bovicin hc5 to inhibit 10 strains of l. monocytogenes that had been isolated from plant materials, soil, silage and infected cattle. growth experiments ... | 2003 | 14580975 |
| antimicrobial resistance of listeria monocytogenes. | listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that causes rare but frequently fatal infections, termed listerioses. in general, strains of l. monocytogenes are susceptible to a wide range of antibiotics, except for the cephalosporins, fluorochinolones and fosfomycin (hof, 1991). the current therapy of choice is a combination of ampicillin and aminoglycoside, usually gentamicin (lorber, 1997). in cases when it is not possible to use a beta-lactam antibiotic, second-choice therapy involves t ... | 2003 | 14594399 |
| ampicillin resistance in listeria monocytogenes acquired as a result of transposon mutagenesis. | we have used plasmid pltv3, which carries transposon tn917, to obtain a series of mutants of listeria monocytogenes egd showing varied degrees of resistance to ampicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics, including imipenem. in this paper we focus on the characteristics of two strains in which decreased susceptibility to ampicillin is accompanied by changes in the structure of the cell wall murein and cell-wall related changes of phenotype. | 2003 | 14594400 |
| wessex shopping basket survey - a structured approach to local food sampling. | the shopping basket approach to food sampling, in which ready-to-eat food items from a shopping list were sampled at premises chosen at random, was adopted by 15 environmental health departments in the wessex region. a total of 2037 samples were analysed over a 30-month period. the microbiological quality varied considerably between food categories, with gravy and stock samples giving the highest proportion of satisfactory results. sliced meats, cooked rice and sandwiches gave the poorest overal ... | 2003 | 14594701 |
| functionality of enterococci in dairy products. | enterococci have important implications in the dairy industry. they occur as nonstarter lactic acid bacteria (nslab) in a variety of cheeses, especially artisan cheeses produced in southern europe from raw or pasteurised milk, and in natural milk or whey starter cultures. they play an acknowledged role in the development of sensory characteristics during ripening of many cheeses and have been also used as components of cheese starter cultures. the positive influence of enterococci on cheese seem ... | 2003 | 14596993 |
| functionality of enterococci in meat products. | the presence of enterococci in meat fermentation is a constant as reported in the literature. despite the concern about pathogenicity of enterococci, recent studies point out that food and meat enterococci, especially enterococcus faecium have a much lower pathogenicity potential than clinical strains. enterococci possess a competitive advantage over other microbiota in meat fermentations, and many enterococci isolated from sausages have the ability to produce enterocins harbouring antimicrobial ... | 2003 | 14596994 |
| enterococcus faecium rzs c5, an interesting bacteriocin producer to be used as a co-culture in food fermentation. | enterocins, bacteriocins produced by enterococci, are gaining interest because of their industrial potential. due to its bacteriocin production, enterococcus faecium rzs c5, a natural cheese isolate, has a strong activity towards listeria monocytogenes. for this reason, the strain may be applicable as a bacteriocin-producing co-culture in food fermentation in order to reduce the risk on listeria outgrowth. the strain displays remarkable bacteriocin production kinetics. whereas most lactic acid b ... | 2003 | 14596995 |
| mycobacterium marinum escapes from phagosomes and is propelled by actin-based motility. | mycobacteria are responsible for a number of human and animal diseases and are classical intracellular pathogens, living inside macrophages rather than as free-living organisms during infection. numerous intracellular pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri, and rickettsia rickettsii, exploit the host cytoskeleton by using actin-based motility for cell to cell spread during infection. here we show that mycobacterium marinum, a natural pathogen of fish and frogs and an occa ... | 2003 | 14597736 |
| incidence of listeria monocytogenes in food and environmental samples in italy between 1990 and 1999: serotype distribution in food, environmental and clinical samples. | we report the findings of the study of 4185 food samples and 958 environmental samples collected in italy in the period 1990-1999 and tested for the presence of listeria monocytogenes. the strains isolated were biochemically and serologically characterised. we found a fairly high percentage of l. monocytogenes contamination in food (12.8%), whereas the level of contamination was lower in the environment (environment and work surfaces in food processing plants) (6.1%). serotyping showed a prevale ... | 2003 | 14598931 |
| sigma(b)-dependent expression patterns of compatible solute transporter genes opuca and lmo1421 and the conjugated bile salt hydrolase gene bsh in listeria monocytogenes. | listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that can persist and grow under a wide variety of environmental conditions including low ph and high osmolarity. the alternative sigma factor sigma(b) contributes to l. monocytogenes survival under extreme conditions. the purpose of this study was to identify and confirm specific sigma(b)-dependent genes in l. monocytogenes and to characterize their expression patterns under various stress conditions. opuca, lmo1421 and bsh were identified as putat ... | 2003 | 14600237 |
| the role of dietary vitamin e in experimental listeria monocytogenes infections in turkeys. | the current study was designed to determine if dietary vitamin e influenced either the gut clearance or levels of peripheral blood cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes in adult turkeys experimentally infected with listeria monocytogenes. turkeys were fed vitamin e (0, 100, or 200 iu) from day of hatch to time of necropsy. after 6 wk on the experimental diet, turkeys were orally inoculated with l. monocytogenes (approximately 10(9) cfu). to monitor infection status, cloacal swabs were taken on selected da ... | 2003 | 14601733 |
| rapid identification of listeria species by using restriction fragment length polymorphism of pcr-amplified 23s rrna gene fragments. | a molecular method based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of pcr-amplified fragments of the 23s rrna gene was designed to rapidly identify listeria strains to the species level. two fragments (s1, 460 bp, and s2, 890 bp) were amplified from boiled dna. s2 was cut with the restriction enzymes xmni or cfoi and, if needed, s1 was digested by either alui or clai. this method was first optimized with six reference strains and then applied to 182 isolates collected from effluents of ... | 2003 | 14602590 |
| assessment of photodynamic destruction of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes by using atp bioluminescence. | antimicrobial photodynamic therapy was shown to be effective against a wide range of bacterial cells, as well as for fungi, yeasts, and viruses. it was shown previously that photodestruction of yeast cells treated with photosensitizers resulted in cell destruction and leakage of atp. three photosensitizers were used in this study: tetra(n-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine tetratosylate salt (tmpyp), toluidine blue o (tbo), and methylene blue trihydrate (mb). a microdilution method was used to determine ... | 2003 | 14602591 |
| development of a synthetic minimal medium for listeria monocytogenes. | a defined solid and liquid minimal medium, htm, which contained methionine and cysteine as the sole amino acids, was developed for listeria monocytogenes. complex broth-grown l. monocytogenes had to adapt to htm by inducing amino acid biosyntheis. htm is the simplest minimal medium available for growth of l. monocytogenes. | 2003 | 14602660 |
| first documented outbreak of listeria monocytogenes in quebec, 2002. | 2003 | 14603730 | |
| isolation of bartonella washoensis from a dog with mitral valve endocarditis. | we report the first documented case of bartonella washoensis bacteremia in a dog with mitral valve endocarditis. b. washoensis was isolated in 1995 from a human patient with cardiac disease. the main reservoir species appears to be ground squirrels (spermophilus beecheyi) in the western united states. based on echocardiographic findings, a diagnosis of infective vegetative valvular mitral endocarditis was made in a spayed 12-year-old female doberman pinscher. a year prior to presentation, the re ... | 2003 | 14605197 |
| identification of foodborne bacteria by infrared spectroscopy using cellular fatty acid methyl esters. | identification of bacterial species by profiling fatty acid methyl esters (fames) has commonly been carried out by using a 20-min capillary gas chromatographic procedure followed by library matching of fame profiles using commercial midi databases and proprietary pattern recognition software. fast gc (5 min) fame procedures and mass spectrometric methodologies that require no lipid separation have also been reported. in this study, bacterial identification based on the rapid (2 min) infrared mea ... | 2003 | 14607413 |
| comparison of a cultural method with listerscreen plus rapid'l.mono or pcr-elisa methods for the enumeration of l. monocytogenes in naturally contaminated sewage sludge. | cultural methods used to count listeria monocytogenes in sewage sludge are laborious and time consuming, and alternative methods are needed to reduce analysis time and improve detection limits. in this study, a survey of l. monocytogenes in sewage sludge is presented with a comparative study between a cultural method and immunomagnetic separation using a listerscreen test followed by identification of l. monocytogenes with rapid'l.mono agar or pcr-elisa. these two alternative methods improved th ... | 2003 | 14607419 |
| localized reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates inhibit escape of listeria monocytogenes from vacuoles in activated macrophages. | listeria monocytogenes (lm) evades being killed after phagocytosis by macrophages by escaping from vacuoles into cytoplasm. activated macrophages are listericidal, in part because they can retain lm in vacuoles. this study examined the contribution of reactive oxygen intermediates (roi) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni) to the inhibition of lm escape from vacuoles. lm escaped from vacuoles of nonactivated macrophages within 30 min of infection. macrophages activated with ifn-gamma, lps, ... | 2003 | 14607950 |
| increased cd8+ t cell memory to concurrent infection at the expense of increased erosion of pre-existing memory: the paradoxical role of il-15. | the use of cytokines during vaccination, particularly il-15, is being considered due to the unique ability of il-15 to enhance the proliferation of memory cd8(+) t cells. however, as homeostatic mechanisms limit excessive lymphocyte expansion, we addressed the consequences of this enhancement of t cell memory by il-15. infection of mice with either recombinant mycobacterium bovis (bcg) expressing il-15 (bcg-il-15) or bcg and purified il-15 resulted in an increased cd44, il-2rbeta expression and ... | 2003 | 14607951 |
| beta-casein-derived peptides, produced by bacteria, stimulate cancer cell invasion and motility. | in colon cancer, enteric bacteria and dietary factors are major determinants of the microenvironment but their effect on cellular invasion is not known. we therefore incubated human hct-8/e11 colon cancer cells with bacteria or bacterial conditioned medium on top of collagen type i gels. listeria monocytogenes stimulate cellular invasion through the formation of a soluble motility-promoting factor, identified as a 13mer beta-casein-derived peptide (hkempfpkypvep). the peptide is formed through t ... | 2003 | 14609961 |
| delivery of macromolecules into cytosol using liposomes containing hemolysin. | 2003 | 14610821 | |
| characterization of virulent and avirulent listeria monocytogenes strains by pcr amplification of putative transcriptional regulator and internalin genes. | listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that is an important cause of human food-borne illness worldwide. however, l. monocytogenes strains demonstrate considerable variation in pathogenic potential. in this report, virulent and avirulent l. monocytogenes isolates were compared by using a comparative screening strategy. two clones were identified that contained dna that was only present in virulent l. monocytogenes strains. pcr primers were designed for three genes from the ... | 2003 | 14614064 |
| immunohistochemical study of constitutive neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the central nervous system of goat with natural listeriosis. | the expression of both constitutive and inducible forms of nitric oxide synthase (nos) was investigated by immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections in normal and listeria monocytogenes-infected brains of goats. in normal control goats, a small number of neurons showed immunoreactivity of both inos and nnos, and the number of inos-positive neurons was higher than the number of nnos-positive neurons. in natural listeriosis, listeria antigens were easily immunostain ... | 2000 | 14614301 |
| gata-3 promotes maturation, ifn-gamma production, and liver-specific homing of nk cells. | the gata-3 transcription factor has a determinant role in t cell specification and is an essential mediator of t helper 2-type polarized immune responses. while both committed nk precursors and mature nk cells express gata-3, a role of this transcription factor in murine nk cell differentiation is not known. we found that nk cells, in contrast to t cells, can be generated in the absence of gata-3. however, while gata-3 antagonizes ifn-gamma production in differentiating t cells, gata-3-deficient ... | 2003 | 14614857 |
| identification and characterization of a peptidoglycan hydrolase, mura, of listeria monocytogenes, a muramidase needed for cell separation. | a novel cell wall hydrolase encoded by the mura gene of listeria monocytogenes is reported here. mature mura is a 66-kda cell surface protein that is recognized by the well-characterized l. monocytogenes-specific monoclonal antibody em-7g1. mura displays two characteristic features: (i) an n-terminal domain with homology to muramidases from several gram-positive bacterial species and (ii) four copies of a cell wall-anchoring lysm repeat motif present within its c-terminal domain. purified recomb ... | 2003 | 14617644 |
| [meningitis due to listeria monocytogenes as a complication of infliximab therapy]. | 2003 | 14619208 | |
| survival of listeria monocytogenes on sliced cooked sausage after treatment with pediocin ach. | a preparation with pediocin ach bound to its heat-killed producer cells lactobacillus plantarum whe 92 (starter culture alc01, wisby, denmark) by adjusting the ph of the preparation to 6.0 was studied for its effects against listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644 and (spoilage) lactic acid bacteria on sliced cooked sausage. the pediocin ach preparation or 0.9% (w/w) nacl dilution (as a control) were randomly distributed dropwise on the surface of the slices. treated slices were vacuum-packed and store ... | 2003 | 14623394 |
| the vit technology for rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes and other listeria spp. | detection of listeria monocytogenes is generally performed in a two-step cultural enrichment process and takes on average 1 week until the biochemical identification of a l. monocytogenes suspicious colony is completed. however, food processing companies depend increasingly on test methods, which attempt to generate results comparable to standard methods but in reduced time-frame and which allow to release produced batches dependent on such results. in the present study, the vermicon identificat ... | 2003 | 14623395 |
| memory cd8+ t cells provide innate immune protection against listeria monocytogenes in the absence of cognate antigen. | interferon (ifn)-gamma plays an important role in the innate immune response against intracellular bacterial pathogens. it is commonly thought that natural killer cells are the primary source of this cytokine that is involved in activating antibacterial effects in infected cells and polarizing cd4+ t cells toward the th1 subset. however, here we show that both effector and memory cd8+ t cells have the potential to secrete ifn-gamma in response to interleukin (il)-12 and il-18 in the absence of c ... | 2003 | 14623912 |
| carbon starvation survival of listeria monocytogenes in planktonic state and in biofilm: a proteomic study. | the proteomes of listeria monocytogenes expressed in suspension and biofilm state, in the presence and absence of a carbon source, were analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis with the help of computer software. the up-regulated proteins in each case were identified by peptide sequencing using electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry and a database search against the listeria genome was performed. relevant functions could be attributed to a number of the induced proteins which contri ... | 2003 | 14625868 |
| the possible effect of a sanitization program on intraspecies differentiation of listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from a fish processing plant. | forty-seven listeria monocytogenes strains isolated during a year in a selected polish fish-processing plant as well as 7 l. monocytogenes strains of different origins (including a reference strain) were analyzed in our studies. strains were isolated from raw fish fillets (flounder), frozen coated flounder fillets, coating ingredients, and the processing environment. isolation of strains covered the period of a sanitization program introduced in the plant. l. monocytogenes was identified using c ... | 2003 | 14626905 |
| attraction of a free-living nematode, caenorhabditis elegans, to foodborne pathogenic bacteria and its potential as a vector of salmonella poona for preharvest contamination of cantaloupe. | caenorhabditis elegans was studied to determine the potential role of free-living microbivorous nematodes as vectors for preharvest contamination of fruits and vegetables with foodborne pathogens. the propensity of c. elegans to be attracted to seven strains of escherichia coli o157:h7, eight serotypes of salmonella, six strains of listeria monocytogenes, and cantaloupe juice was investigated. twenty to 30 adult worms were placed on the surface of k agar midway between a 24-h bacterial colony an ... | 2003 | 14627270 |
| radiation (gamma) resistance and postirradiation growth of listeria monocytogenes suspended in beef bologna containing sodium diacetate and potassium lactate. | listeria monocytogenes, a psychrotrophic foodborne pathogen, is a frequent postprocessing contaminant of ready-to-eat (rte) meat products, including frankfurters and bologna. ionizing radiation can eliminate l. monocytogenes from rte meats. when they are incorporated into fine-emulsion sausages, sodium diacetate (sda) and potassium lactate (pl) mixtures inhibit the growth of l. monocytogenes. the radiation resistance of l. monocytogenes, and its ability to proliferate during long-term refrigerat ... | 2003 | 14627282 |
| pressure death and tailing behavior of listeria monocytogenes strains having different barotolerances. | the objectives of this study were to investigate the variability among listeria monocytogenes strains in response to high-pressure processing, identify the most resistant strain as a potential target of pressure processing, and compare the inactivation kinetics of pressure-resistant and pressure-sensitive strains under a wide range (350 to 800 mpa) of pressure treatments. the pressure resistance of listeria innocua and nine strains of l. monocytogenes was compared at 400 or 500 mpa and 30 degree ... | 2003 | 14627283 |
| persistent and nonpersistent listeria monocytogenes contamination in meat and poultry processing plants. | contamination analysis of persistent and nonpersistent listeria monocytogenes strains in three meat processing plants and one poultry processing plant were performed in order to identify factors predisposing to or sustaining persistent plant contamination. a total of 596 l. monocytogenes isolates were divided into 47 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) types by combining the restriction enzyme patterns of asci (42 patterns) and apai (38 patterns). persistent and nonpersistent strains were fo ... | 2003 | 14627284 |
| real-time multiplex sybr green i-based pcr assay for simultaneous detection of salmonella serovars and listeria monocytogenes. | a multiplex sybr green i-based pcr assay has been developed for simultaneous detection of salmonella serovars and listeria monocytogenes using a lightcycler. primers were designed to amplify an 85-bp sequence from the gene encoding a fimbrinlike protein (fimi) of salmonella enteritidis and a 98-bp sequence from the hemolysin gene (hly) of l. monocytogenes. these primers allowed the amplification of pcr products having distinct melting temperature values, resulting in the formation of two distinc ... | 2003 | 14627296 |
| isolation and characterization of buta, a secondary glycine betaine transport system operating in tetragenococcus halophila. | through functional complementation of an escherichia coli mutant defective in glycine betaine uptake, we identified a single-component glycine betaine transporter from tetragenococcus halophila, a moderate halophilic lactic acid bacterium. dna sequence analysis characterized the buta protein as a member of the betaine choline carnitine transporter (bcct) family, that includes a variety of previously characterized compatible solute transporters such as opud from bacillus subtilis, ectp and betp f ... | 2003 | 14629018 |
| a model of microbial survival curves in water treated with a volatile disinfectant. | to develop a method to calculate microbial survival parameters in water treated with a dissipating disinfectant and predict the inactivation patterns under different agent concentrations and decay rate regimes. | 2003 | 14633001 |
| pcr detection of listeria monocytogenes: a study of multiple factors affecting sensitivity. | to test, under comparable conditions, several parameters affecting sensitivity of pcr detection in order to establish a pcr procedure suitable for the routine detection of listeria monocytogenes in food. | 2003 | 14633023 |
| detection and characterization of the novel bacteriocin entomocin 9, and safety evaluation of its producer, bacillus thuringiensis ssp. entomocidus hd9. | to identify and characterize new bacteriocins from a collection of 41 strains belonging to 27 subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis, and to evaluate the safety of the producers. | 2003 | 14633027 |
| production of antibacterial substances by bifidobacterial isolates from infant stool active against listeria monocytogenes. | this study aimed to characterize new isolates of human bifidobacteria, evaluate some of their probiotic potential and to screen these isolates for their effectiveness at inhibiting listeria monocytogenes in vitro. | 2003 | 14633035 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis and listeria monocytogenes on the surface of tomatoes by neutral electrolyzed water. | to determine the efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water (new) in killing escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis and listeria monocytogenes, as well as nonpathogenic e. coli, on the surface of tomatoes, and to evaluate the effect of rinsing with new on the organoleptic characteristics of the tomatoes. | 2003 | 14633103 |
| presence of listeria and salmonella spp. in retail chicken in northern ireland. | retail packs of fresh chicken in northern ireland were sampled to determine the frequency with which they were contaminated with salmonella and listeria spp. | 2003 | 14633115 |
| promiscuity of mhc class ib-restricted t cell responses. | murine infection with the gram-positive intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes activates cd8(+) t cells that recognize bacterially derived n-formyl methionine peptides in the context of h2-m3 mhc class ib molecules. three peptides, fmigwii, fmivil, and fmivtlf, are targets of l. monocytogenes-specific cd8(+) t cells. to investigate epitope cross-recognition by h2-m3-restricted cd8(+) t cells, we deleted the sequence encoding fmigwii from a virulent strain of l. monocytogenes. infection w ... | 2003 | 14634106 |
| activation of antigen-specific cd8 t cells results in minimal killing of bystander bacteria. | memory cd8 t cells play a critical role in protective immunity against intracellular pathogens. in addition to their ability to specifically recognize and lyse infected targets, activated cd8 t cells secrete cytokines that induce phagocytic cells to engulf and kill bacterial pathogens. in this study, we asked whether activation of ag-specific cd8 t cells results in nonspecific killing of bystander bacteria during a mixed infection. mice with epitope-specific memory cd8 t cells were coinfected wi ... | 2003 | 14634115 |
| listeria species escape from the phagosomes of interleukin-4-deactivated human macrophages independent of listeriolysin. | listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of infections like sepsis and meningitis, especially in immunocompromised hosts. human macrophages are able to phagocytose and digest l. monocytogenes but il-4 prevents human macrophages from killing the bacteria, the mechanisms of which are unknown. in the present study, we examined various listeria species and strains including wild-type and deletion mutants in human macrophages pretreated with il-4. to analyse the il-4-mediated deactivation proces ... | 2003 | 14636240 |
| a three-tiered approach to differentiate listeria monocytogenes biofilm-forming abilities. | the purpose of this research was to develop a system for cultivating and evaluating listeria monocytogenes biofilms that produces consistent and reliable results. a three-tiered approach was used to evaluate biofilm-forming abilities of three l. monocytogenes strains that were originally associated with listeriosis outbreaks. a l. monocytogenes 'honeycomb' biofilm structure was described. l. monocytogenes strains scott a and v7 were comparable in developing biofilm network structures and f2365 w ... | 2003 | 14638425 |
| the listeria monocytogenes lema gene product is not required for intracellular infection or to activate fmigwii-specific t cells. | clearance of the intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes requires antigen-specific cd8(+) t cells. recently it was shown that activation of class ib major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-restricted cd8(+) t cells alone is sufficient for immune protection against listeriae. a major component of the class ib mhc-restricted t-cell response is t cells that recognize formylated peptide antigens presented by m3 molecules. although three n-formylated peptides derived from l. monocytoge ... | 2003 | 14638756 |
| listeria monocytogenes mutants that fail to compartmentalize listerolysin o activity are cytotoxic, avirulent, and unable to evade host extracellular defenses. | listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that escapes from a phagosome and grows in the host cell cytosol. escape of the bacterium from the phagosome to the cytosol is mediated by the bacterial pore-forming protein listeriolysin o (llo). llo has multiple mechanisms that optimize activity in the phagosome and minimize activity in the host cytosol. mutants that fail to compartmentalize llo activity are cytotoxic and have reduced virulence. we sought to determine why ... | 2003 | 14638761 |
| characterization of an extracellular virulence factor made by group a streptococcus with homology to the listeria monocytogenes internalin family of proteins. | leucine-rich repeats (lrr) characterize a diverse array of proteins and function to provide a versatile framework for protein-protein interactions. importantly, each of the bacterial lrr proteins that have been well described, including those of listeria monocytogenes, yersinia pestis, and shigella flexneri, have been implicated in virulence. here we describe an 87.4-kda group a streptococcus (gas) protein (designated slr, for streptococcal leucine-rich) containing 10 1/2 sequential units of a 2 ... | 2003 | 14638794 |
| drosophila s2 cells: an alternative infection model for listeria monocytogenes. | listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that infects humans and animals. its pathogenic strategy involves the expression of virulence proteins that mediate intracytosolic growth and cell-to-cell spread. a key virulence protein is the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, listeriolysin o (llo), which is largely responsible for mediating escape from the phagosome into the host cytosol. to study further the host processes exploited during l. monocytogenes i ... | 2003 | 14641173 |
| exploration of host-pathogen interactions using listeria monocytogenes and drosophila melanogaster. | the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes is capable of replicating within a broad range of host cell types and host species. we report here the establishment of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster as a new model host for the exploration of l. monocytogenes pathogenesis and host response to infection. listeria monocytogenes was capable of establishing lethal infections in adult fruit flies and larvae with extensive bacterial replication occurring before host death ... | 2003 | 14641175 |
| immunomodulation by yersinia enterocolitica: comparison of live and heat-killed bacteria. | this study compared the immunomodulating properties of viable and killed yersinia enterocolitica o9 in balb/c mice. at 10 days after infection by the intragastric route, ex vivo assays showed a suppression of spleen cell proliferation in response to salmonella lipopolysaccharide, concanavalin a and heat-killed yersiniae. mice infected with y. enterocolitica o9 for 10 days resisted the challenge with a lethal dose of listeria monocytogenes. in contrast, intravenous administration of heat-killed y ... | 2003 | 14642307 |
| mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses require the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin. | although the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin is widely expressed and has been extensively studied, it has not been previously implicated in mast cell biology. we observed that alpha 2 integrin subunit-deficient mice exhibited markedly diminished neutrophil and interleukin-6 responses during listeria monocytogenes- and zymosan-induced peritonitis. since exudative neutrophils of wild-type mice expressed little alpha 2 beta 1 integrin, it seemed unlikely that this integrin mediated neutrophil migration dir ... | 2004 | 14645004 |
| transcriptional regulation and posttranslational activity of the betaine transporter betl in listeria monocytogenes are controlled by environmental salinity. | while the genetic elements contributing to the salinity tolerance of listeria monocytogenes have been well characterized, the regulatory signals and responses (genetic and/or biochemical) that govern these mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. encoded by betl, the first genetic element to be linked to listerial osmotolerance, the secondary betaine uptake system betl is a member of the betaine-carnitine-choline transporter family. preceded by consensus sigma(a)- and sigma(b)-dependent promoter si ... | 2003 | 14645273 |
| viable cell detection by the combined use of fluorescent glucose and fluorescent glycine. | the combined use of a fluorescent glucose (2nbdg) and a fluorescent glycine (nbd-gly) was tried for the detection of viable cells of significant foodborne pathogenic strains in addition to several escherichia coli strains and coliforms. thirty-five out of 41 strains showed marked uptake of 2nbdg but 6 strains were not able to take in 2nbdg. five out of these 6 strains showed nbd-gly uptake. | 2003 | 14646209 |
| food handling behaviors of special importance for pregnant women, infants and young children, the elderly, and immune-compromised people. | this study used a web-based delphi process with a group of nationally recognized food safety experts to identify food-handling behaviors of special importance in reducing the risk of foodborne illness among pregnant women, infants and young children, elderly people, and people with compromised immune systems because of disease or pharmacologic therapy. behaviors were related to 13 pathogens. top-rated behaviors for pregnant women were associated with listeria monocytogenes, toxoplasma gondii, an ... | 2003 | 14647094 |
| a case of sporadic ovine mastitis caused by listeria monocytogenes and its effect on contamination of raw milk and raw-milk cheeses produced in the on-farm dairy. | we describe a case of listerial mastitis in a flock of 130 sheep. the animals were housed at a farm where the bulk raw ewe milk was processed to produce raw milk soft cheese. list. monocytogenes was shed from the right mammary complex. shedding was observed over a period of 99 d. a mean level of 4-56 x 10(4) cfu (colony forming units) listeria monocytogenes/ml was recovered from the raw milk originating from the infected udder. the numbers ranged from 9 x10(1) to 2.95 x 10(5). the bulk milk was ... | 2003 | 14649410 |
| listeria monocytogenes sepsis in patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | 2003 | 14650115 | |
| survival of listeria monocytogenes in wilted and additive-treated grass silage. | grass was field-dried to 3 different dry matter (dm) levels (200, 430 and 540 g/kg) and inoculated with 10(6)-10(7) cfu/g of a listeria monocytogenes strain sharing a phagovar occasionally involved in foodborne outbreaks of listeriosis. formic acid (3 ml/kg) or lactic acid bacteria (8 x 10(5)/g) with cellulolytic enzymes were applied only to forages with low and intermediate dm levels. forages were ensiled in laboratory silos (1700 ml) and were stored at 25 degrees c for 30 or 90 days. after 90 ... | 2003 | 14650546 |
| [molecular characterization of listeria monocytogenes and the significance for food hygiene]. | research on the pathogen listeria monocytogenes is a key issue both for the clinical and the food microbiologist owing to the unique pathway of infection and the exposure of humans via contaminated foods. although, in austria, the incidence of listeriosis is about 870-fold lower than the incidence for salmonella infection, the food law manages both foodborne pathogens with a comparable stringency. the current risk management is based on the assumption that environmental l. monocytogenes isolates ... | 2003 | 14655623 |
| suppression of cell-mediated immune responses to listeria infection by repeated exposure to diesel exhaust particles in brown norway rats. | diesel exhaust particles (dep) have been shown to alter pulmonary immune responses to bacterial infection. exposure of rats to 100 mg/m(3) dep for 4 h was found to aggravate listeria monocytogenes(listeria) infection at 3 days postinfection, but the bacteria were largely cleared at 7 days postinfection due to the development of a strong t cell-mediated immunity. in the present study, we examined the effects of repeated dep exposure at lower doses on pulmonary responses to bacterial infection. br ... | 2004 | 14657513 |
| [quantification of the probability of milk contamination by listeria monocytogenes during manufacture of hard cheese]. | the present work is concerned with the probability of contamination by listeria monocytogenes in the artisanal manufacture of swiss emmental hard cheese made from raw milk. the simulation model follows the evolution of the contaminant flora from raw milk at the farm to milk mixing, storage at the cheese factory and to the cheese manufacturing process. | 2003 | 14657796 |
| variation in biofilm formation among strains of listeria monocytogenes. | contamination of food by listeria monocytogenes is thought to occur most frequently in food-processing environments where cells persist due to their ability to attach to stainless steel and other surfaces. once attached these cells may produce multicellular biofilms that are resistant to disinfection and from which cells can become detached and contaminate food products. because there is a correlation between virulence and serotype (and thus phylogenetic division) of l. monocytogenes, it is impo ... | 2003 | 14660383 |
| role of the glycine betaine and carnitine transporters in adaptation of listeria monocytogenes to chill stress in defined medium. | the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes proliferates at refrigeration temperatures, rendering refrigeration ineffective in the preservation of listeria-contaminated foods. the uptake and intracellular accumulation of the potent compatible solutes glycine betaine and carnitine has been shown to be a key mediator of the pathogen's cold-tolerant phenotype. to date, three compatible solute systems are known to operate in l. monocytogenes: glycine betaine porter i (betl), glycine betaine porte ... | 2003 | 14660402 |