Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
diagnosing clostridial enteric disease in poultry.the world's poultry industry has grown into a multibillion-dollar business, the success of which hinges on healthy intestinal tracts, which result in effective feed conversion. enteric disease in poultry can have devastating economic effects on producers, due to high mortality rates and poor feed efficiency. clostridia are considered to be among the most important agents of enteric disease in poultry. diagnosis of enteric diseases produced by clostridia is usually challenging, mainly because man ...201323572451
complete genome sequence of φcp51, a temperate bacteriophage of clostridium perfringens.during sequencing of the genome of clostridium perfringens strain 5147-97, a putative prophage was identified, located within a gene for a proposed flavodoxin oxidoreductase. mitomycin c induction of this strain released a bacteriophage whose morphological features examined by electron microscopy indicated it belonged to the family siphoviridae. this phage was hence designated as vb_cpes-cp51. the 39,108-bp genome includes 50 predicted open reading frames (orfs), including two that may affect sp ...201323575881
clinical significance and outcomes of clostridium perfringens bacteremia--a 10-year experience at a tertiary care hospital.the mortality rate of patients with clostridium perfringens bacteremia is 27-44%. typically, the clinical characteristics of this infection are non-specific, which leads to considerable difficulty with the diagnosis and early initiation of appropriate therapy.201323578849
the role of an attenuated anticoccidial vaccine on the intestinal ecosystem and on the pathogenesis of experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of an attenuated anticoccidial vaccination on the intestinal ecosystem and on the pathogenesis of experimental necrotic enteritis (ne) in broiler chickens. two hundred and forty 1-day-old cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups according to the following experimental design: control group n; group pn, where birds were vaccinated with anticoccidial vaccine; group m, where birds were challenged with ...201323581444
day-of-hatch vaccination is not protective against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.necrotic enteritis, caused by netb toxin-producing clostridium perfringens type a, is an important disease in broiler chickens worldwide. earlier attempts to prevent necrotic enteritis by vaccination have not sufficiently taken into account the practical limitations of broiler vaccination. in most published studies on vaccination against necrotic enteritis, multiple doses at different ages are administered, which is not practical for broilers. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ...201323581446
presence of clostridium perfringens in retail chicken livers.chicken livers sold at grocery stores in tucson, az, usa were examined for the presence of clostridium perfringens. results showed that 69.6% of sampled retail chicken livers were culture positive for c. perfringens. genotyping of the isolates showed that all the isolates were type a, but were negative for the enterotoxin gene (cpe).201323583538
unique regulatory mechanism of sporulation and enterotoxin production in clostridium perfringens.clostridium perfringens causes gas gangrene and gastrointestinal (gi) diseases in humans. the most common cause of c. perfringens-associated food poisoning is the consumption of c. perfringens vegetative cells followed by sporulation and production of enterotoxin in the gut. despite the importance of spore formation in c. perfringens pathogenesis, the details of the regulation of sporulation have not yet been defined fully. in this study, microarray and bioinformatic analyses identified a candid ...201323585540
structural requirement in clostridium perfringens collagenase mrna 5' leader sequence for translational induction through small rna-mrna base pairing.the gram-positive anaerobic bacterium clostridium perfringens is pathogenic to humans and animals, and the production of its toxins is strictly regulated during the exponential phase. we recently found that the 5' leader sequence of the cola transcript encoding collagenase, which is a major toxin of this organism, is processed and stabilized in the presence of the small rna vr-rna. the primary cola 5'-untranslated region (5'utr) forms a long stem-loop structure containing an internal bulge and m ...201323585542
an unusual etiology of post-traumatic meningitis.clostridium perfringens and related species are well-known culprits of post-traumatic soft tissue and bone infection. however, central nervous system involvement with these organisms spontaneously or subsequent to trauma is unusual. the authors reported a case of post-traumatic meningitis in which both c perfringens and enterococcus faecium were isolated.201323588266
the pathology of enterotoxemia by clostridium perfringens type c in calves.the pathology of clostridium perfringens type c infection has been described with detail only in foals and piglets. the current report describes the diagnostic workup and detailed pathology of 3 cases of c. perfringens type c infection in calves. a 2-day-old jersey calf and fresh and fixed tissues from a 4-week-old angus calf and from a 1-week-old jersey calf were received at the california animal health and food safety laboratory system with a history of digestive disease and death. the gross c ...201323592750
foodborne disease outbreaks caused by bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, and staphylococcus aureus--united states, 1998-2008.from 1998 to 2008, 1229 foodborne outbreaks caused by bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, and staphylococcus aureus were reported in the united states; 39% were reported with a confirmed etiology. vomiting was commonly reported in b. cereus (median, 75% of cases) and s. aureus outbreaks (median, 87%), but rarely in c. perfringens outbreaks (median, 9%). meat or poultry dishes were commonly implicated in c. perfringens (63%) and s. aureus (55%) outbreaks, and rice dishes were commonly impli ...201323592829
antitoxin treatment for liver abscess caused by clostridium perfringens. 201323593617
detection and typing of clostridium perfringens from retail chicken meat parts.the objectives of the present work were to investigate the presence of clostridium perfringens in chicken meat parts (breast, wing, drumstick and leg quarter) by culture methods and to detect the cpa, cpb, etx, ia, cpe and cpb2 toxin genes by multiplex pcr. a total of 200 samples, the raw chicken breasts (n: 50), wings (n: 50), drumsticks (n: 50) and leg quarters (n: 50), were collected from various retail stores. our results demonstrated that 47 of 50 wing samples (94%), 40 of 50 leg quarter sa ...201323594116
targeting agr- and agr-like quorum sensing systems for development of common therapeutics to treat multiple gram-positive bacterial infections.invasive infection by the gram-positive pathogen staphylococcus aureus is controlled by a four gene operon, agr that encodes a quorum sensing system for the regulation of virulence. while agr has been well studied in s. aureus, the contribution of agr homologues and analogues in other gram-positive pathogens is just beginning to be understood. intriguingly, other significant human pathogens, including clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, and enterococcus faecalis contain agr or analo ...201323598501
infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish by-products is inactivated with inorganic acid (ph 1) and base (ph 12).the aquaculture industry needs a simple, inexpensive and safe method for the treatment of fish waste without heat. microbial inactivation by inorganic acid (hcl) or base (koh) was determined using infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) as a model organism for fish pathogens. salmonella and spores of clostridium perfringens were general hygiene indicators in supplementary examinations. ipnv, which is considered to be among the most chemical- and heat-resistant fish pathogens, was reduced by ...201423617746
pork implicated in a shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak in ontario, canada.to describe an outbreak of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 infection following a four-day family gathering in ontario. this is the first published account of a stec o157 outbreak in canada linked to consumption of pork.201223617981
epsilon toxin is essential for the virulence of clostridium perfringens type d infection in sheep, goats, and mice.clostridium perfringens type d causes disease in sheep, goats, and other ruminants. type d isolates produce, at minimum, alpha and epsilon (etx) toxins, but some express up to five different toxins, raising questions about which toxins are necessary for the virulence of these bacteria. we evaluated the contribution of etx to c. perfringens type d pathogenicity in an intraduodenal challenge model in sheep, goats, and mice using a virulent c. perfringens type d wild-type strain (wt), an isogenic e ...201323630957
attack of the nervous system by clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin: from disease to mode of action on neural cells.epsilon toxin (et), produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, ranks among the four most potent poisonous substances known so far. et-intoxication is responsible for enterotoxaemia in animals, mainly sheep and goats. this disease comprises several manifestations indicating the attack of the nervous system. this review aims to summarize the effects of et on central nervous system. et binds to endothelial cells of brain capillary vessels before passing through the blood-brain barrier. ther ...201323632158
fluorogenic sialic acid glycosides for quantification of sialidase activity upon unnatural substrates.herein we report the synthesis of n-acetyl neuraminic acid derivatives as 4-methylumbelliferyl glycosides and their use in fluorometrically quantifying human and bacterial sialidase activity and substrate specificities. we found that sialidases in the human promyelocytic leukemic cell line hl60 were able to cleave sialic acid substrates with fluorinated c-5 modifications, in some cases to a greater degree than the natural n-acetyl functionality. human sialidases isoforms were also able to cleave ...201323639536
clostridium difficile infection in horses: a review.clostridium difficile is considered one of the most important causes of diarrhea and enterocolitis in horses. foals and adult horses are equally susceptible to the infection. the highly resistant spore of c. difficile is the infectious unit of transmission, which occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, with sources of infection including equine feces, contaminated soil, animal hospitals, and feces of other animals. two major risk factors for the development of c. difficile associated disease ...201323642413
opportunistic infection of aspergillus and bacteria in captive cape vultures (gyps coprotheres).to describe clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of cape vultures in which aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) and mixed species of bacteria were isolated.201323646305
immunity to bacterial infection in the chicken.bacterial infections remain important to the poultry industry both in terms of animal and public health, the latter due to the importance of poultry as a source of foodborne bacterial zoonoses such as salmonella and campylobacter. as such, much focus of research to the immune response to bacterial infection has been to salmonella. in this review we will focus on how research on avian salmonellosis has developed our understanding of immunity to bacteria in the chicken from understanding the role ...201323648643
recent advances in claudin-targeting technology.most malignant tumors are derived from epithelium, and pathologic microorganisms often invade the body through the mucosal epithelium. thus epithelial tissues are potent targets for drug delivery. the tight junction (tj) is the intercellular seal in epithelial cell sheets. claudins (cls) are a family of tetratransmembrane proteins with a molecular mass of approximately 23 kda. cls are key structural and sealing components of tjs. cls are often overexpressed in malignant tumors. cl-4 is highly ex ...201323649330
x-ray structure of an adomet radical activase reveals an anaerobic solution for formylglycine posttranslational modification.arylsulfatases require a maturating enzyme to perform a co- or posttranslational modification to form a catalytically essential formylglycine (fgly) residue. in organisms that live aerobically, molecular oxygen is used enzymatically to oxidize cysteine to fgly. under anaerobic conditions, s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) radical chemistry is used. here we present the structures of an anaerobic sulfatase maturating enzyme (ansme), both with and without peptidyl-substrates, at 1.6-1.8 å resolution. w ...201323650368
estimates of the burden of foodborne illness in canada for 30 specified pathogens and unspecified agents, circa 2006.estimates of foodborne illness are important for setting food safety priorities and making public health policies. the objective of this analysis is to estimate domestically acquired, foodborne illness in canada, while identifying data gaps and areas for further research. estimates of illness due to 30 pathogens and unspecified agents were based on data from the 2000-2010 time period from canadian surveillance systems, relevant international literature, and the canadian census population for 200 ...201323659355
effect of meat ingredients (sodium nitrite and erythorbate) and processing (vacuum storage and packaging atmosphere) on germination and outgrowth of clostridium perfringens spores in ham during abusive cooling.the effect of nitrite and erythorbate on clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth in ham during abusive cooling (15 h) was evaluated. ham was formulated with ground pork, nano2 (0, 50, 100, 150 or 200 ppm) and sodium erythorbate (0 or 547 ppm). ten grams of meat (stored at 5 °c for 3 or 24 h after preparation) were transferred to a vacuum bag and inoculated with a three-strain c. perfringens spore cocktail to obtain an inoculum of ca. 2.5 log spores/g. the bags were vacuum-sealed, ...201323664261
a recombinant carboxy-terminal domain of alpha-toxin protects mice against clostridium perfringens.clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (cp, 370 residues) is one of the main agents involved in the development of gas gangrene. in this study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the c-terminal domain (cp251-370) of the toxin and phospholipase c (plc; cb, 372 residues) of clostridum bifermentans isolated from cases of clostridium necrosis were examined. the recombinant proteins were expressed as glutathione s-transferase (gst) fusion proteins. antibodies that cross-reacted with alpha-tox ...201323668605
puerperal sepsis in a rural hospital in sudan.increasingly, women in rural areas in sudan reported to hospital with puerperal infections.201323678336
claudins overexpression in ovarian cancer: potential targets for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) based diagnosis and therapy.claudins are a family of tight junction proteins regulating paracellular permeability and cell polarity with different patterns of expression in benign and malignant human tissues. there are approximately 27 members of the claudin family identified to date with varying cell and tissue-specific expression. claudins-3, -4 and -7 represent the most highly differentially expressed claudins in ovarian cancer. while their exact role in ovarian tumors is still being elucidated, these proteins are thoug ...201323685873
comparison of 3 agar media in fung double tubes and petri plates to detect and enumerate clostridium spp. in broiler chicken intestines.clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that may lead to necrotic enteritis, resulting in poor feed efficiency and increased mortality in chickens. it is estimated that c. perfringens infects almost 1 million people in the united states every year. the objective of this research was to compare the fung double tube (fdt) and conventional petri plates using 3 different media to detect and enumerate clostridium spp. in chicken intestines. nine cobb 500 broilers were randoml ...201323687145
evaluation of high dietary inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles and supplementation of protease and xylanase in the diets of broiler chickens under necrotic enteritis challenge.a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of a high level of sorghum distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs; 20%), with or without a combination of protease and xylanase in broiler chickens, under a necrotic enteritis disease challenge. a total of 576 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 8 experimental treatments, each replicated 6 times, with 12 birds per replicate for 35 d. oral inoculation of the challenged group with eimeria spp. occurred on d 9, ...201323687155
toxin plasmids of clostridium perfringens.in both humans and animals, clostridium perfringens is an important cause of histotoxic infections and diseases originating in the intestines, such as enteritis and enterotoxemia. the virulence of this gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium is heavily dependent upon its prolific toxin-producing ability. many of the ∼16 toxins produced by c. perfringens are encoded by large plasmids that range in size from ∼45 kb to ∼140 kb. these plasmid-encoded toxins are often closely associated with mobile elemen ...201323699255
[benign subcutaneous emphysema after nail penetration. case report and important differential diagnoses].crepitus under the skin after penetrating injuries: harmless benign subcutaneous emphysema or life-threatening infection with gas-producing bacteria (gas gangrene because of clostridium perfringens, crepitating cellulitis because of anaerobic streptococcus or other coliforme bacteria)? we report a case of a 74-year-old male who developed massive crepitation of the left upper extremity and the lateral thoracic wall and mediastinal emphysema after sustaining a laceration of the left thumb and fore ...201423703620
clostridium perfringens sepsis and fetal demise after genetic amniocentesis.clostridium perfringens is a rare cause of intrauterine infection. there have been five case reports concerning infection associated with invasive procedures. we report a woman who underwent a genetic amniocentesis due to her history of chronic granulomatous disease. she presented to the hospital ∼38 hours after the amniocentesis complaining of fever and chills. due to acute decompensation, she underwent an emergent dilatation and evacuation. during her stay, blood cultures came back positive fo ...201123705080
genetic characteristics of toxigenic clostridia and toxin gene evolution.clostridia comprise a heterogenous group of environmental bacteria containing 15 pathogenic species, which produce the most potent toxins. the origin of toxins is still enigmatic. it is hypothesized that toxins exhibiting an enzymatic activity have derived from hydrolytic enzymes, which are abundantly secreted by these bacteria, and that pore-forming toxins have evolved from an ancestor transmembrane protein. the presence of related toxin genes in distinct clostridium species and the variability ...201323707611
expression of clostridium perfringens epsilon-beta fusion toxin gene in e. coli and its immunologic studies in mouse.clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic spore-forming, pathogenic bacterium that is responsible for severe diseases in humans and livestock. in the present study, an epsilon-beta fusion toxin was expressed as a soluble protein in e. coli and the recombinant cell lysate was used for immunization studies in mouse. potency of the toxin (as an antigen) induced 6 and 10iu/ml of epsilon and beta anti-toxin in rabbit, respectively. these titers were higher than the minimum level required by the europea ...201323707696
pathogenic microbiological baseline survey of pork carcasses in taiwan.from 2004 to 2010, pork carcass swabs from state-inspected slaughter plants in taiwan were intermittently analyzed to determine the prevalence of selected pathogenic microorganisms associated with foodborne illness. the prevalences of staphylococcus aureus each year from 2006 to 2010 were 6.6, 10.8, 5.1, 6.4, and 7.4%, respectively, while those of listeria monocytogenes were 1.2% in 2004, 1.3% in 2005, and 3.5% in 2008. the prevalences of clostridium perfringens were 0.9% in 2004, 3.2% in 2005, ...201323726203
protection against avian necrotic enteritis after immunisation with netb genetic or formaldehyde toxoids.netb (necrotic enteritis toxin b) is a recently identified β-pore-forming toxin produced by clostridium perfringens. this toxin has been shown to play a major role in avian necrotic enteritis. in recent years, a dramatic increase in necrotic enteritis has been observed, especially in countries where the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in animal feedstuffs has been banned. the aim of this work was to determine whether immunisation with a netb toxoid would provide protection against necrotic ...201323727000
review of antimicrobial therapy of selected bacterial diseases in broiler chickens in canada.this paper reviews common therapeutic applications of antimicrobials in broiler chicken production in relation to canadian guidelines, surveillance data, and emerging public health concerns about antimicrobial use (amu). escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, and staphylococcus spp., were reviewed because of their animal health and economic significance. enterococcus cecorum and salmonella were included because of their importance in antimicrobial resistance (amr) surveillance. this review i ...201223729827
clostridium perfringens beta-toxin induces necrostatin-inhibitable, calpain-dependent necrosis in primary porcine endothelial cells.clostridium perfringens β-toxin (cpb) is a β-barrel pore-forming toxin and an essential virulence factor of c. perfringens type c strains, which cause fatal hemorrhagic enteritis in animals and humans. we have previously shown that cpb is bound to endothelial cells within the intestine of affected pigs and humans, and that cpb is highly toxic to primary porcine endothelial cells (pec) in vitro. the objective of the present study was to investigate the type of cell death induced by cpb in these c ...201323734212
determination of microbial quality and plasmid-mediated multidrug resistant bacteria in fountain drinking water sources in turkey.the bacterial contamination as the total aerobic bacteria, coliform and fecal coliform numbers were determined and analyzed for temperature, ph, conductivity and dissolved oxygen in seasonally collected water samples from fifteen different stations placed in adana-tufanbeyli road line during march 2008 - january 2009. in addition, antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates were examined against frequently used antibiotics, and analyzed plasmid dnaof multiple antibiotic resistant (mar) isolates. ...201223741812
clostridium perfringens is not suitable for the indication of fecal pollution from ruminant wildlife but is associated with excreta from nonherbivorous animals and human sewage.during a 3-year study, clostridium perfringens was investigated in defined fecal sources from a temperate alluvial backwater area of a large river system. the results reveal that using c. perfringens as a conservative water quality indicator for total fecal pollution monitoring is no longer justified but suggest that it can be used as a tracer for excreta from nonherbivorous wildlife and human sewage.201323747707
bacteriocin activity against various pathogens produced by pediococcus pentosaceus vj13 isolated from idly batter.bacteriocins, an antimicrobial peptide, is known to have wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. because they are easily digested in the intestine, they are considered as safe and are widely used as food preservatives. hence their purification and characterization have attracted considerable attraction, especially for those having activity against human pathogens. in this study, the bacteriocin produced by pediococcus pentosaceus vj13 was precipitated with cold acetone an ...201323754544
how do different concentrations of clostridium perfringens affect the quality of extended boar spermatozoa?bacteriospermia in boar fresh and extended semen is a frequent finding that produces alterations on sperm quality and, consequently, causes economic losses in artificial insemination (ai) centres. the present study sought to evaluate the effect of different infective concentrations of clostridium perfringens on boar sperm quality, assessed as sperm motility (casa), morphology and viability, through 11 days of storage at 15°c (experiment 1), and after 96h of incubation at 37°c (experiment 2). wit ...201323755936
use of an online survey during an outbreak of clostridium perfringens in a retirement community-arizona, 2012.an outbreak of gastrointestinal (gi) illness among retirement community residents was reported to the maricopa county department of public health. online surveys can be useful for rapid investigation of disease outbreaks, especially when local health departments lack time and resources to perform telephone interviews. online survey utility among older populations, which may lack computer access or literacy, has not been defined.201423760307
diarrhea-associated pathogens, lactobacilli and cellulolytic bacteria in equine feces: responses to antibiotic challenge.antibiotics are important to equine medicine, but antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) can lead to poor performance and even mortality. aad is attributed to disruption of the hindgut microbiota, which permits proliferation of pathogenic microbes. the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of common antibiotics on cellulolytic bacteria, lactobacilli, and aad-associated pathogens in the feces of healthy horses. fifteen horses were assigned to three treatment groups (blocked by age and sex) ...201323769300
in vitro selective inhibitory effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline against bifidobacteria and clostridia.8-hydroxyquinoline (8hq) inhibited clostridium tertium, clostridium clostridioforme, clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens in vitro with mics of 8, 16, 32 and 32 μg/ml, respectively. in contrast, mics of most bifidobacteria (84%) were 512 μg/ml or higher. thus, 8hq could be used as anti-clostridial agent or in selective media for bifidobacteria isolation.201323770542
clostridium perfringens in apheresis platelets: an unusual contaminant underscores the importance of clinical vigilance for septic transfusion reactions (cme).posttransfusion sepsis is typically caused by aerobic bacteria in apheresis platelets (plts) that escape detection by routine quality control cultures performed on every donation before components are distributed. we report the first case to implicate an anaerobic isolate, clostridium perfringens, in apheresis plts and investigate its detection in vitro by approved tests.201423772803
infectious agents associated with diarrhoea in neonatal foals in central kentucky: a comprehensive molecular study.diarrhoea caused by infectious agents is common in foals but there is no comprehensive molecular work-up of the relative prevalence of common agents and appearance of coinfections.201423773143
characterization of clostridium perfringens isolates from healthy turkeys and from turkeys with necrotic enteritis.clostridium perfringens is an important bacterial pathogen, especially in poultry, where it can lead to both subclinical and clinical disease. the aim of this study was to present data on pathological findings at outbreaks of necrotic enteritis (ne) in turkey production in finland during the period from 1998 to 2012. furthermore, c. perfringens isolates from healthy and diseased turkeys were characterized and their genetic diversity was investigated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). ...201323776261
immunologic and chemical targeting of the tight-junction protein claudin-6 eliminates tumorigenic human pluripotent stem cells.the tumorigenicity of human pluripotent stem cells is a major safety concern for their application in regenerative medicine. here we identify the tight-junction protein claudin-6 as a cell-surface-specific marker of human pluripotent stem cells that can be used to selectively remove claudin-6-positive cells from mixed cultures. we show that claudin-6 is absent in adult tissues but highly expressed in undifferentiated cells, where it is dispensable for human pluripotent stem cell survival and sel ...201323778593
the synergistic necrohemorrhagic action of clostridium perfringens perfringolysin and alpha toxin in the bovine intestine and against bovine endothelial cells.bovine necrohemorrhagic enteritis is a major cause of mortality in veal calves. clostridium perfringens is considered as the causative agent, but there has been controversy on the toxins responsible for the disease. recently, it has been demonstrated that a variety of c. perfringens type a strains can induce necrohemorrhagic lesions in a calf intestinal loop assay. these results put forward alpha toxin and perfringolysin as potential causative toxins, since both are produced by all c. perfringen ...201323782465
effect of fluoroquinolone resistance selection on the fitness of three strains of clostridium perfringens.selection of bacterial strains for resistance to antimicrobial agents may affect fitness; and fluoroquinolone resistance has been shown to affect fitness of aerobic and facultative bacteria. the impact on bacterial fitness of resistance selection to three fluoroquinolones was examined in three wild-type strains of clostridium perfringens: atcc 13124, atcc 3626, and nctr. selection for resistance to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and gatifloxacin affected the fitness of nine mutant strains different ...201323789809
predisposing factors and prevention of clostridium perfringens-associated enteritis.clostridium perfringens is one of the major causes of intestinal disease in humans and animals. its pathogenicity is contributed to by the production of a variety of toxins. in addition, predisposing environmental factors are important for the induction of c. perfringens-associated enteritis as shown by infection models. environmental contamination, gastric and intestinal ph, intestinal microflora, nutrition, concurrent infections, and medical interventions may influence the intestinal colonizat ...201323790636
surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks - united states, 1998-2008.foodborne diseases cause an estimated 48 million illnesses each year in the united states, including 9.4 million caused by known pathogens. foodborne disease outbreak surveillance provides valuable insights into the agents and foods that cause illness and the settings in which transmission occurs. cdc maintains a surveillance program for collection and periodic reporting of data on the occurrence and causes of foodborne disease outbreaks in the united states. this surveillance system is the prim ...201323804024
structural insights into clostridium perfringens delta toxin pore formation.clostridium perfringens delta toxin is one of the three hemolysin-like proteins produced by c. perfringens type c and possibly type b strains. one of the others, netb, has been shown to be the major cause of avian nectrotic enteritis, which following the reduction in use of antibiotics as growth promoters, has become an emerging disease of industrial poultry. delta toxin itself is cytotoxic to the wide range of human and animal macrophages and platelets that present gm2 ganglioside on their memb ...201323805259
first isolation of clostridium perfringens type e from a goat with diarrhea.a 2-day-old goat died suddenly after the onset of severe diarrhea. no specific gross lesions were observed except for a remarkably thin intestinal wall and watery intestinal contents. histopathological analysis revealed large numbers of gram-positive bacilli layered upon the intestinal epithelia of the small intestine. heavy growth of only clostridium perfringens type e, and no detection of the other enteric pathogens in the small intestine, suggests that c. perfringens type e contributed to the ...201323810805
mode of binding of rna polymerase α subunit to the phased a-tracts upstream of the phospholipase c gene promoter of clostridium perfringens.three phased a5-6-tracts lie upstream of the promoter of plc encoding the α-toxin (phospholipase c) of clostridium perfringens. the α subunits of c. perfringens rna polymerase bind directly to the phased a-tracts via the c-terminal domain of the α subunit (αctd). to identify the amino acid residues involved in the binding of c. perfringens α subunits to the phased a-tracts, 27 amino acid residues in c. perfringens αctd were substituted with alanine. the affinities of the mutated α subunits for t ...201323810806
an investigation into the association between cpb2-encoding clostridium perfringens type a and diarrhea in neonatal piglets.to investigate the possible role of cpb2-positive type a clostridium perfringens in neonatal diarrheal illness in pigs, the jejunum and colon of matched normal and diarrheic piglets from 10 farms with a history of neonatal diarrhea were examined grossly and by histopathology, and tested for c. perfringens, for c. perfringens beta2 (cpb2) toxin, as well as for clostridium difficile toxins, salmonella, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, rotavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus, and cocc ...201323814355
synthesis of 4-methylumbelliferyl α-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-mannopyranoside and development of a coupled fluorescent assay for gh125 exo-α-1,6-mannosidases.certain bacterial pathogens possess a repertoire of carbohydrate processing enzymes that process host n-linked glycans and many of these enzymes are required for full virulence of harmful human pathogens such as clostridium perfringens and streptococcus pneumoniae. one bacterial carbohydrate processing enzyme that has been studied is the pneumococcal virulence factor spgh125 from s. pneumoniae and its homologue, cpgh125, from c. perfringens. these exo-α-1,6-mannosidases from glycoside hydrolase ...201323816041
evaluation of cp chromo select agar for the enumeration of clostridium perfringens from water.the european directive on drinking water quality has included mcp agar as the reference method for recovering clostridium perfringens from drinking waters. in the present study, three media (mcp, tscf and cp chromo select agar) were evaluated for recovery of c. perfringens in different surface water samples. out of 139 water samples, using a membrane filtration technique, 131 samples (94.2%) were found to be presumptively positive for c. perfringens in at least one of the culture media. green co ...201323816139
regulation of tight junctions by sex hormones in normal human endometrial epithelial cells and uterus cancer cell line sawano.the number of patients with uterine endometrial carcinoma, the cause of which involves sex hormones, has recently been growing rapidly because of increases in life expectancy and obesity. tight junction proteins claudin-3 and -4 are receptors of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) and increase during endometrial carcinogenesis. in the present study of normal human endometrial epithelial (hee) cells and the uterus cancer cell line sawano, we investigate changes in the expression of tight ju ...201323820735
receptor displacement in the cell membrane by hydrodynamic force amplification through nanoparticles.we introduce an intrinsically multiplexed and easy to implement method to apply an external force to a biomolecule and thus probe its interaction with a second biomolecule or, more generally, its environment (for example, the cell membrane). we take advantage of the hydrodynamic interaction with a controlled fluid flow within a microfluidic channel to apply a force. by labeling the biomolecule with a nanoparticle that acts as a kite and increases the hydrodynamic interaction with the fluid, the ...201323823230
importance of histamine-producing clostridium perfringens in scombrotoxin-forming fish.it has been suggested that anaerobic histamine-producing bacteria (hpb) are important contributors to scombrotoxin fish poisoning (sfp). in order to assess the role of clostridium perfringens in sfp, we developed a real-time pcr method for rapid detection of histamine-producing (hp) c. perfringens. the real-time pcr assay was 100% inclusive for detecting 23 hp c. perfringens and did not detect any of the other 116 hp or non-hp isolates examined. the efficiency of the assay with or without intern ...201323834808
a low-toxic site-directed mutant of clostridium perfringens ε-toxin as a potential candidate vaccine against enterotoxemia.clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx), one of the most potent toxins known, is a potential biological weapon; therefore, the development of an effective vaccine is important for preventing intoxication or disease by etx. in this study, genetically detoxified epsilon toxin mutants were developed as candidate vaccines. we used site-directed mutagenesis to mutate the essential amino acid residues (his106, ser111 and phe199). six site-directed mutants of etx (metx (h106p) , metx (s111h) , metx ...201323835363
vaccination with recombinant clostridium perfringens toxoids α and β promotes elevated antepartum and passive humoral immunity in swine.due to the increasingly restricted use of antimicrobials in animal production systems, the prevention and control of clostridium perfringens type a- and c-induced diarrhea in piglets should be based on passive immunization via the prepartum vaccination of sows. given the current obstacles in the production of conventional clostridial vaccines, the use of recombinant proteins has been considered to represent a promising alternative. in the present study, the neutralizing antibody response of immu ...201323845812
a novel watery diarrhoea caused by the co-infection of neonatal piglets with clostridium perfringens type a and escherichia coli (k88, 987p).in 2011, a novel watery diarrhoea in 1-7 day-old piglets occurred in changchun, china, characterized by high pathogenicity and mortality. investigation of clinical signs, examination for viruses, and isolation and identification of bacteria showed that co-infection by clostridium perfringens type a and escherichia coli (k88, 987p) was the most likely cause of the disease. newborn piglets challenged with a mixture of clostridium perfringens type a and escherichia coli (k88, 987p) died within 3 da ...201323846029
characterization of the enzymatic activity of clostridium perfringens tpel.tpel is a toxin produced by clostridium perfringens which belongs to the large clostridial glucosylating toxin family. it was shown that tpel modifies ras using udp-glucose or udp-n-acetylglucosamine as cosubstrates (guttenberg et al., 2012; nagahama et al., 2011). we confirmed that tpel preferentially glucosaminates the three isoforms of ras (ch-ras, n-ras, and k-ras) from udp-n-acetylglucosamine and to a lower extent rap1a and r-ras3, and very weakly rac1. in contrast to previous report, we ob ...201323851225
gizzard erosion and ulceration syndrome in chickens and turkeys: a review of causal or predisposing factors.gizzard erosion and ulceration syndrome (geu) was described for the first time in the 1930s. the main focus of early studies was on nutritional deficiencies and peroxidation of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids as causative factors. during the 1970s and 1980s the focus was moved towards toxic substances in the feed. scott's review in 1985 concluded that overproduction of gastric acid induced by gizzerosine was a major cause of geu. during the last decades, serotype 1 of fowl adenovirus a and cl ...201323859215
arabinogalactan and fructo-oligosaccharides have a different fermentation profile in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (shime ®).current prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (fos), are limited in their persistence in the distal colon and are predominantly fermented in the proximal colon. in order to identify a potential alternative, the differences in the fermentation profile of arabinogalactan (ag) and fos have been assessed in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. the effect of each product on the composition and activity of the microbial community was analysed during a 3-week treatment perio ...201323864575
vaccination with recombinant netb toxin partially protects broiler chickens from necrotic enteritis.netb toxin from clostridium perfringens is a major virulence factor in necrotic enteritis in poultry. in this study the efficacy of netb as a vaccine antigen to protect chickens from necrotic enteritis was examined. broiler chickens were immunized subcutaneously with purified recombinant netb (rnetb), formalin treated bacterin and cell free toxoid with or without rnetb supplementation. intestinal lesion scores and netb antibody levels were measured to determine protection after mild oral gavage, ...201323865568
understanding jejunal hemorrhage syndrome.jejunal hemorrhage syndrome (jhs) is an acute, highly fatal enterotoxemic disorder in dairy cattle that has been reported during the last few decades. no specific cause of this syndrome has been identified; however, several studies have revealed a strong association between jhs and infection with clostridium perfringens type a. a common mold, aspergillus fumigatus, has also been implicated as a potential causative agent in this disease syndrome. clinical signs of jhs (including sudden decreases ...201323865877
abundance of pathogens in the gut and litter of broiler chickens as affected by bacitracin and litter management.clostridium perfringens, salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. are food-borne enteric pathogens that are commonly associated with poultry. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental bacitracin and litter management (fresh vs. reused) on the abundance of these pathogens in commercial broiler chickens. specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays were used to quantify c. perfringens, virulent c. perfringens that carried the genes encoding α-toxin (cpa) and netb-toxin (n ...201323870707
the effects of necrotic enteritis, aflatoxin b1, and virginiamycin on growth performance, necrotic enteritis lesion scores, and mortality in young broilers.the effects of increasing aflatoxin b1 concentration (0, 0.75, 1.5 mg/kg) on broilers with or without necrotic enteritis or virginiamycin were determined. in the 23-d study, 22 male cobb 500 chicks per pen were allotted to 12 treatments (3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement) with 8 replications. intestines of 5 birds per pen were examined for lesions on d 21. birds were allowed to consume feed and water ad libitum. aflatoxin was included in the diets from d 0. all birds received a 10× dose of coccidi ...201323873546
the p38 mapk and jnk pathways protect host cells against clostridium perfringens beta-toxin.clostridium perfringens beta-toxin is an important agent of necrotic enteritis and enterotoxemia. beta-toxin is a pore-forming toxin (pft) that causes cytotoxicity. two mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways (p38 and c-jun n-terminal kinase [jnk]-like) provide cellular defense against various stresses. to investigate the role of the mapk pathways in the toxic effect of beta-toxin, we examined cytotoxicity in five cell lines. beta-toxin induced cytotoxicity in cells in the following ord ...201323876806
case-control study of microbiological etiology associated with calf diarrhea.calf diarrhea is a major economic burden for the us cattle industry. a variety of infectious agents are implicated in calf diarrhea and co-infection of multiple pathogens is not uncommon in diarrheic calves. a case-control study was conducted to assess infectious etiologies associated with calf diarrhea in midwest cattle farms. a total of 199 and 245 fecal samples were obtained from diarrheic and healthy calves, respectively, from 165 cattle farms. samples were tested by a panel of multiplex pcr ...201323886509
screening in a lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus collection to select a strain able to survive to the human intestinal tract.genetic diversity and resistance of lactobacillus bulgaricus sbsp. delbrueckii collection with 100 isolates from different home-made yogurt in rural bulgarian areas were determined.201323889646
[clostridium perfringens-induced intravascular hemolysis]. 201423891133
binding of the biogenic polyamines to deoxyribonucleic acids of varying base composition: base specificity and the associated energetics of the interaction.the thermodynamics of the base pair specificity of the binding of the polyamines spermine, spermidine, putrescine, and cadaverine with three genomic dnas clostridium perfringens, 27% gc, escherichia coli, 50% gc and micrococcus lysodeikticus, 72% gc have been studied using titration calorimetry and the data supplemented with melting studies, ethidium displacement and circular dichroism spectroscopy results.201323894663
recombinant expression of in silico identified bcell epitope of epsilon toxin of clostridium perfringens in translational fusion with a carrier protein.epsilon toxin secreted by clostridium perfringens types b and d has been directly implicated as the causative agent of fatal enterotoxemia in domestic animals. the aim of the present study is to use in silico approach for identification of b-cell epitope(s) of epsilon toxin, and its expression in fusion with a carrier protein to analyze its potential as vaccine candidate(s). using different computational analyses and bioinformatics tools, a number of antigenic determinant regions of epsilon toxi ...201323904738
enteropathogens in pups from pet shops and breeding facilities.to evaluate faecal and clinical scores and presence of several enteropathogens possibly implicated in the development of diarrhoea in pups aged between 6 and 16 weeks independently of their health status.201323915246
identification of pathogen bacteria and protozoa in treated urban wastewaters discharged in the ebro river (spain): water reuse possibilities.the aim of this research work is to identify the presence of pathogens, bacteria and protozoa, in different treated urban wastewaters and to relate biological pollution with the processes used in wastewater treatment plants. a study of the possibilities for water reuse is carried out taking into account bacterial and parasite composition. the analysed bacteria and protozoa are: enterococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens (spore), salmonella spp., ...201323925185
expression of a clostridium perfringens genome-encoded putative n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase as a potential antimicrobial to control the bacterium.clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that plays a substantial role in non-foodborne human, animal, and avian diseases as well as human foodborne disease. previously discovered c. perfringens bacteriophage lytic enzyme amino acid sequences were utilized to identify putative prophage lysins or autolysins by blast analyses encoded by the genomes of c. perfringens isolates. a predicted n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase or murnac-laa (also known as peptidogly ...201323934074
efficacy of early treatment with toltrazuril in prevention of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in chickens.in the present study, efficacy of the toltrazuril treatment for prevention of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis was tested. ninety-six 14-day-old commercial broiler chickens were caged and divided into eight groups (n=12), designated groups 1 to 8. chickens of groups 1 to 6 were inoculated orally at 18 days of age with 25,000 oocysts of eimeria tenella and 75,000 oocysts of eimeria brunetti. at 22 days of age, chickens of groups 1 to 6 were infected with 10(9) colony-forming unit clostridium pe ...201323941631
expression and delivery of an endolysin to combat clostridium perfringens.clostridium perfringens is a cause for increasing concern due to its responsibility for severe infections both in humans and animals, especially poultry. to find new control strategies to treat c. perfringens infection, we investigated the activity and delivery of a bacteriophage endolysin. we identified a new endolysin, designated cp25l, which shows similarity to an n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase domain and is distinct from other c. perfringens endolysins whose activity has been demonstrate ...201423942878
gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens involving the liver, spleen, and heart in a man 20 years after an orthotopic liver transplant: a case report.despite advances in immunosuppression and liver transplant in the past, mortality and morbidity caused by infections remain major problems. we present a 71-year-old man who was admitted to our internal intensive care unit with septicemia. upon admission, he had poorly localized epigastric pain and fever of 2 days ' duration. twenty years earlier, he had undergone an orthotopic liver transplant. testing revealed a high c-reactive protein level, elevated liver enzymes, and an acute kidney injury. ...201423962047
diagnostic exercise: hemolysis and sudden death in lambs.within a 24-hour period, 7 out of 200 three- to four-week-old pastured katahdin lambs died after showing clinical signs of hemoglobinuria, red-tinged feces, weakness, and recumbency. one of the lambs that was examined clinically before natural death also had abdominal pain, trembling, tachycardia, and severe anemia with a packed cell volume of 4%. pathologic findings included icterus, hemoglobinuric nephrosis, dark red urine, pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, splenomegaly, and acute centrilobular to ...201423978840
possible influence of herd health management and hygiene on the in-herd prevalence of clostridium perfringens type c in pig breeding farms. 201323985096
cyclodextrin derivatives as anti-infectives.cyclodextrin derivatives can be utilized as anti-infectives with pore-forming proteins as the targets. the highly efficient selection of potent inhibitors was achieved because per-substituted cyclodextrins have the same symmetry as the target pores. inhibitors of several bacterial toxins produced by bacillus anthracis, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, clostridium botulinum, and clostridium difficile were identified from a library of ∼200 cd derivatives. it was demonstrated that mu ...201324011515
the clostridium perfringens germinant receptor protein gerkc is located in the spore inner membrane and is crucial for spore germination.the gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium clostridium perfringens causes a variety of diseases in both humans and animals, and spore germination is thought to be the first stage of c. perfringens infection. previous studies have indicated that the germinant receptor (gr) proteins encoded by the bicistronic gerka-gerkc operon as well as the proteins encoded by the gerkb and geraa genes are required for normal germination of c. perfringens spores. we now report the individual role of t ...201324013629
clostridium perfringens septicaemia. 201324016137
massive intravascular hemolysis from clostridium perfringens septicemia: a review.we describe the case of a patient with hemolysis-associated clostridium perfringens septicemia and review all similar cases published in the literature since 1990, with specific focus on the relationship between treatment strategy and survival. we searched pubmed for all published cases of c. perfringens-associated hemolysis, using the medical subject terms "clostridia," "clostridial sepsis," and/or "hemolysis." all case reports, case series, review articles, and other relevant references publis ...201424019300
structure and biosynthesis of two exopolysaccharides produced by lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785.exopolysaccharides were isolated and purified from lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785, which has previously been shown to act as a competitive exclusion agent to control clostridium perfringens in poultry. structural analysis by nmr spectroscopy revealed that l. johnsonii fi9785 can produce two types of exopolysaccharide: eps-1 is a branched dextran with the unusual feature that every backbone residue is substituted with a 2-linked glucose unit, and eps-2 was shown to have a repeating unit with the ...201324019531
regulation of sialidase production in clostridium perfringens by the orphan sensor histidine kinase rees.clostridium perfringens is ubiquitous in nature and is often found as a commensal of the human and animal gastrointestinal tract. it is the primary etiological agent of clostridial myonecrosis, or gas gangrene, a serious infection that results in extensive tissue necrosis due to the action of one or more potent extracellular toxins. α-toxin and perfringolysin o are the major extracellular toxins involved in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene, but histotoxic strains of c. perfringens, such as strai ...201324023881
[development of clostridium perfringens selective chromogenic medium].to screen the clostridium perfringens selective composition to develop a clostridium perfringens selective chromogenic media.201324024383
frequency of resistance in obligate anaerobic bacteria isolated from dogs, cats, and horses to antimicrobial agents.clinical specimens from dogs, cats, and horses were examined for the presence of obligate anaerobic bacteria. of 4,018 specimens cultured, 368 yielded 606 isolates of obligate anaerobic bacteria (248 from dogs, 50 from cats, and 308 from horses). there were 100 specimens from 94 animals from which only anaerobes were isolated (25 dogs, 8 cats, and 61 horses). the most common sites tested were abdominal fluid (dogs and cats) and intestinal contents (horses). the most common microorganism isolated ...201324025899
antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium perfringens strains isolated from broiler chickens.clostridium perfringens is a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract of chickens as well as a potential pathogen that causes necrotic enteritis and colangio hepatitis. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of seven different compounds used for therapy, growth promotion or prevention of coccidiosis was determined by agar dilution method for 55 c. perfringens strains isolated from the intestines of broiler chickens. all strains showed high susceptibility to penicillin, avilamycin, monensin ...200924031355
quality of water sources used as drinking water in a brazilian peri-urban area.the objective of this paper was to assess bacteriological quality of drinking water in a peri-urban area located in the metropolitan region of são paulo, brazil. a total of 89 water samples were collected from community plastic tanks and 177 water samples from wells were collected bimonthly, from september 2007 to november 2008, for evaluating bacteriological parameters including: escherichia coli, enterococcus and heterotrophic plate count (hpc). clostridium perfringens was investigated in a su ...201124031668
antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium perfringens isolated from piglets with or without diarrhea in brazil.the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined for 13 antibiotics against clostridium perfringens isolated from brazilian piglets. the collection of isolates was performed in june to october 2010. all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and ceftiofur, whereas most were resistant to tetracycline and lincomycin. avilamycin and narasin were more effective against isolates from non-diarrheic than from diarrheic piglets. the other antimicrobials were less active in need of high concen ...201224031924
massive intravascular hemolysis with organ failure due to clostridium perfringens: evidence of intracytoplasmic c. perfringens. 201324032126
Refresh
firstprev
...71727374757677787980...
nextlast
Displaying items 7701 - 7800 of 8688