Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| guard cell slac1-type anion channels mediate flagellin-induced stomatal closure. | during infection plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps), and this leads to stomatal closure. this study analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying this mamp response and its interrelation with aba signaling. stomata in intact arabidopsis thaliana plants were stimulated with the bacterial mamp flg22, or the stress hormone aba, by using the noninvasive nanoinfusion technique. intracellular double-barreled microelectrodes were applied to measure the activity of plasma memb ... | 2015 | 25932909 |
| identification of arabidopsis candidate genes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses using comparative microarrays. | plants have evolved with intricate mechanisms to cope with multiple environmental stresses. to adapt with biotic and abiotic stresses, plant responses involve changes at the cellular and molecular levels. the current study was designed to investigate the effects of combinations of different environmental stresses on the transcriptome level of arabidopsis genome using public microarray databases. we investigated the role of cyclopentenones in mediating plant responses to environmental stress thro ... | 2015 | 25933420 |
| aggressive emerging pathovars of xanthomonas arboricola represent widespread epidemic clones distinct from poorly pathogenic strains, as revealed by multilocus sequence typing. | deep and comprehensive knowledge of the genetic structure of pathogenic species is the cornerstone on which the design of precise molecular diagnostic tools is built. xanthomonas arboricola is divided into pathovars, some of which are classified as quarantine organisms in many countries and are responsible for diseases on nut and stone fruit trees that have emerged worldwide. recent taxonomic studies of the genus xanthomonas showed that strains isolated from other hosts should be classified in x ... | 2015 | 25934623 |
| a host kh rna-binding protein is a susceptibility factor targeted by an rxlr effector to promote late blight disease. | plant pathogens deliver effector proteins that alter host processes to create an environment conducive to colonization. attention has focused on identifying the targets of effectors and how their manipulation facilitates disease. rxlr effector pi04089 from the potato blight pathogen phytophthora infestans accumulates in the host nucleus and enhances colonization when transiently expressed in planta. its nuclear localization is required for enhanced p. infestans colonization. pi04089 interacts in ... | 2015 | 25936676 |
| broadly conserved fungal effector bec1019 suppresses host cell death and enhances pathogen virulence in powdery mildew of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | the interaction of barley, hordeum vulgare l., with the powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei is a well-developed model to investigate resistance and susceptibility to obligate biotrophic pathogens. the 130-mb blumeria genome encodes approximately 540 predicted effectors that are hypothesized to suppress or induce host processes to promote colonization. blumeria effector candidate (bec)1019, a single-copy gene encoding a putative, secreted metalloprotease, is expressed in haustor ... | 2015 | 25938194 |
| comparative genomics of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strains b301d and hs191 and insights into intrapathovar traits associated with plant pathogenesis. | pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is a common plant-associated bacterium that causes diseases of both monocot and dicot plants worldwide. to help delineate traits critical to adaptation and survival in the plant environment, we generated complete genome sequences of p. syringae pv. syringae strains b301d and hs191, which represent dicot and monocot strains with distinct host specificities. intrapathovar comparisons of the b301d (6.09 mb) and hs191 (5.95 mb plus a 52 kb pcg131 plasmid) genomes to ... | 2015 | 25940918 |
| cosmetics-triggered percutaneous remote control of transgene expression in mice. | synthetic biology has significantly advanced the rational design of trigger-inducible gene switches that program cellular behavior in a reliable and predictable manner. capitalizing on genetic componentry, including the repressor pmer and its cognate operator opmer, that has evolved in pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato dc3000 to sense and resist plant-defence metabolites of the paraben class, we have designed a set of inducible and repressible mammalian transcription-control devices that coul ... | 2015 | 25943548 |
| an overdose of the arabidopsis coreceptor brassinosteroid insensitive1-associated receptor kinase1 or its ectodomain causes autoimmunity in a suppressor of bir1-1-dependent manner. | the membrane-bound brassinosteroid insensitive1-associated receptor kinase1 (bak1) is a common coreceptor in plants and regulates distinct cellular programs ranging from growth and development to defense against pathogens. bak1 functions through binding to ligand-stimulated transmembrane receptors and activating their kinase domains via transphosphorylation. in the absence of microbes, bak1 activity may be suppressed by different mechanisms, like interaction with the regulatory bir (for bak1-int ... | 2015 | 25944825 |
| group vii ethylene response factors coordinate oxygen and nitric oxide signal transduction and stress responses in plants. | the group vii ethylene response factors (erfviis) are plant-specific transcription factors that have emerged as important regulators of abiotic and biotic stress responses, in particular, low-oxygen stress. a defining feature of erfviis is their conserved n-terminal domain, which renders them oxygen- and nitric oxide (no)-dependent substrates of the n-end rule pathway of targeted proteolysis. in the presence of these gases, erfviis are destabilized, whereas an absence of either permits their acc ... | 2015 | 25944828 |
| central role of gimap5 in maintaining peripheral tolerance and t cell homeostasis in the gut. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) including crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is often precipitated by an abnormal immune response to microbiota due to host genetic aberrancies. recent studies highlight the importance of the host genome and microflora interactions in the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation including ibd. specifically, genome-wide (gwas) and also next-generation sequencing (ngs)-including whole exome or genome sequencing-have uncovered a large number of susceptibility loci t ... | 2015 | 25944983 |
| a new feature selection method for computational prediction of type iii secreted effectors. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a specialised protein delivery system that plays an important role in pathogenic bacteria. however, the secretion mechanism has not been fully understood yet. especially, the identification of type iii secreted effectors is a notoriously challenging problem which has attracted a lot of research interests in recent years. in this paper, we introduce a machine learning method using amino acid sequence features for predicting t3ses. we use a topic model calle ... | 2014 | 25946888 |
| protist predation can select for bacteria with lowered susceptibility to infection by lytic phages. | consumer-resource interactions constitute one of the most common types of interspecific antagonistic interaction. in natural communities, complex species interactions are likely to affect the outcomes of reciprocal co-evolution between consumers and their resource species. individuals face multiple enemies simultaneously, and consequently they need to adapt to several different types of enemy pressures. in this study, we assessed how protist predation affects the susceptibility of bacterial popu ... | 2015 | 25947228 |
| identification and distribution of the nbs-lrr gene family in the cassava genome. | plant resistance genes (r genes) exist in large families and usually contain both a nucleotide-binding site domain and a leucine-rich repeat domain, denoted nbs-lrr. the genome sequence of cassava (manihot esculenta) is a valuable resource for analysing the genomic organization of resistance genes in this crop. | 2015 | 25948536 |
| parp2 is the predominant poly(adp-ribose) polymerase in arabidopsis dna damage and immune responses. | poly (adp-ribose) polymerases (parps) catalyze the transfer of multiple poly(adp-ribose) units onto target proteins. poly(adp-ribosyl)ation plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes including, most prominently, auto-activation of parp at sites of dna breaks to activate dna repair processes. in humans, parp1 (the founding and most characterized member of the parp family) accounts for more than 90% of overall cellular parp activity in response to dna damage. we have found that, in co ... | 2015 | 25950582 |
| transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated generation and metabolic analysis of camalexin-deficient cyp71a12 cyp71a13 double knockout lines. | in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), a number of defense-related metabolites are synthesized via indole-3-acetonitrile (ian), including camalexin and indole-3-carboxylic acid (icooh) derivatives. cytochrome p450 71a13 (cyp71a13) is a key enzyme for camalexin biosynthesis and catalyzes the conversion of indole-3-acetaldoxime (iaox) to ian. the cyp71a13 gene is located in tandem with its close homolog cyp71a12, also encoding an iaox dehydratase. however, for cyp71a12, indole-3-carbaldehyde and c ... | 2015 | 25953104 |
| challenges and opportunities of airborne metagenomics. | recent metagenomic studies of environments, such as marine and soil, have significantly enhanced our understanding of the diverse microbial communities living in these habitats and their essential roles in sustaining vast ecosystems. the increase in the number of publications related to soil and marine metagenomics is in sharp contrast to those of air, yet airborne microbes are thought to have significant impacts on many aspects of our lives from their potential roles in atmospheric events such ... | 2015 | 25953766 |
| genomic and proteomic evidences unravel the uv-resistome of the poly-extremophile acinetobacter sp. ver3. | ultraviolet radiation can damage biomolecules, with detrimental or even lethal effects for life. even though lower wavelengths are filtered by the ozone layer, a significant amount of harmful uv-b and uv-a radiation reach earth's surface, particularly in high altitude environments. high-altitude andean lakes (haals) are a group of disperse shallow lakes and salterns, located at the dry central andes region in south america at altitudes above 3,000 m. as it is considered one of the highest uv-exp ... | 2015 | 25954258 |
| oshub1 and oshub2 interact with spin6 and form homo- and hetero-dimers in rice. | ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation is involved in various cellular processes including plant-microbe interactions and defense responses. although there are many e3 ubiquitin ligases in rice, the functions of their targets in defense responses are unclear. we recently found that spin6 (spl11-interacting protein 6) is a rho gtpase-activating protein and acts as the target of the e3 ligase spl11, a negative regulator of plant cell death and innate immunity. our results showed that spin6 serves ... | 2015 | 25955387 |
| salicylic acid and cysteine contribute to arbutin-induced alleviation of angular leaf spot disease development in cucumber. | arbutin induced suppression of angular leaf spot disease in cucumber resulting from lower populations of pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans in the infected tissues. this study provides insight into mechanisms that may potentially account for this effect. in the absence of the pathogen, exogenous arbutin-induced expression of pr1, the marker of salicylic acid signaling, increased the content of salicylic acid and modulated the cysteine pool. this suggested that arbutin promoted cucumber plants to ... | 2015 | 25955697 |
| melatonin regulates carbohydrate metabolism and defenses against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 infection in arabidopsis thaliana. | melatonin has been reported to promote plant growth and development. our experiments with arabidopsis thaliana showed that exogenous applications of this molecule mediated invertase inhibitor (c/vif)-regulated invertase activity and enhanced sucrose metabolism. hexoses were accumulated in response to elevated activities by cell wall invertase (cwi) and vacuolar invertase (vi). analyses of sugar metabolism-related genes revealed differential expression during plant development that was modulated ... | 2015 | 25958775 |
| minimal genomes of mycoplasma-related endobacteria are plastic and contain host-derived genes for sustained life within glomeromycota. | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf, glomeromycota) colonize roots of the majority of terrestrial plants. they provide essential minerals to their plant hosts and receive photosynthates in return. all major lineages of amf harbor endobacteria classified as mollicutes, and known as mycoplasma-related endobacteria (mre). except for their substantial intrahost genetic diversity and ability to transmit vertically, virtually nothing is known about the life history of these endobacteria. to understand m ... | 2015 | 25964324 |
| design and construction of an inexpensive homemade plant growth chamber. | plant growth chambers produce controlled environments, which are crucial in making reproducible observations in experimental plant biology research. commercial plant growth chambers can provide precise controls of environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and light cycle, and the capability via complex programming to regulate these environmental parameters. but they are expensive. the high cost of maintaining a controlled growth environment is often a limiting factor when determin ... | 2015 | 25965420 |
| experimental correlation of substrate position with reaction outcome in the aliphatic halogenase, syrb2. | the iron(ii)- and 2-(oxo)glutarate-dependent (fe/2og) oxygenases catalyze an array of challenging transformations, but how individual members of the enzyme family direct different outcomes is poorly understood. the fe/2og halogenase, syrb2, chlorinates c4 of its native substrate, l-threonine appended to the carrier protein, syrb1, but hydroxylates c5 of l-norvaline and, to a lesser extent, c4 of l-aminobutyric acid when syrb1 presents these non-native amino acids. to test the hypothesis that pos ... | 2015 | 25965587 |
| two n-terminal acetyltransferases antagonistically regulate the stability of a nod-like receptor in arabidopsis. | nod-like receptors (nlrs) serve as immune receptors in plants and animals. the stability of nlrs is tightly regulated, though its mechanism is not well understood. here, we show the crucial impact of n-terminal acetylation on the turnover of one plant nlr, suppressor of npr1, constitutive 1 (snc1), in arabidopsis thaliana. genetic and biochemical analyses of snc1 uncovered its multilayered regulation by different n-terminal acetyltransferase (nat) complexes. snc1 exhibits a few distinct n-termin ... | 2015 | 25966763 |
| arabidopsis abscisic acid receptors play an important role in disease resistance. | stomata are natural pores of plants and constitute the entry points for water during transpiration. however, they also facilitate the ingress of potentially harmful bacterial pathogens. the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) plays a pivotal role in protecting plants against biotic stress, by regulating stomatal closure. in the present study, we investigated the mechanism whereby aba influences plant defense responses to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) dc3000, which is a virulent bacterial pa ... | 2015 | 25969135 |
| cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase crk5 as a regulator of growth, development, and ultraviolet radiation responses in arabidopsis thaliana. | in plants, receptor-like protein kinases play essential roles in signal transduction by recognizing extracellular stimuli and activating the downstream signalling pathways. cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (crks) constitute a large subfamily of receptor-like protein kinases, with 44 members in arabidopsis thaliana. they are distinguished by the novel c-x8-c-x2-c motif (duf26) in the extracellular domains. one of them, crk5, is an important component of the biochemical machinery involved in th ... | 2015 | 25969551 |
| role of elicitors in inducing resistance in plants against pathogen infection: a review. | disease control is largely based on the use of fungicides, bactericides, and insecticides-chemical compounds toxic to plant invaders, causative agents, or vectors of plant diseases. however, the hazardous effect of these chemicals or their degradation products on the environment and human health strongly necessitates the search for new, harmless means of disease control. there must be some natural phenomenon of induced resistance to protect plants from disease. elicitors are compounds, which act ... | 2013 | 25969762 |
| thermostable alkaline phytase from alcaligenes sp. in improving bioavailability of phosphorus in animal feed: in vitro analysis. | a bacterial isolate, alcaligenes sp. secreting phytase (ec 3.1.3.8), was isolated and characterized. the optimum conditions for the production of phytase included a fermentation period of 96 h, ph 8.0, and the addition of 1% (w/v) maltose and 1% (w/v) beef extract to the culture medium. this enzyme was purified to homogeneity and had an apparent molecular mass of 41 kda. the optimum ph range and temperature for the activity of phytase were found to be 7.0-8.0 and 60°c, respectively. this enzyme ... | 2013 | 25969790 |
| polyamine metabolism in flax in response to treatment with pathogenic and non-pathogenic fusarium strains. | flax crop yield is limited by various environmental stress factors, but the largest crop losses worldwide are caused by fusarium infection. polyamines are one of the many plant metabolites possibly involved in the plant response to infection. however, in flax plants the polyamine composition, genes involved in polyamine synthesis, and in particular their regulation, were previously unknown. the aim of this study was to investigate the polyamine synthesis pathway in flax and its involvement in re ... | 2015 | 25972886 |
| elongator and its epigenetic role in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. | elongator, a six-subunit protein complex, was initially isolated as an interactor of hyperphosphorylated rna polymerase ii in yeast, and was subsequently identified in animals and plants. elongator has been implicated in multiple cellular activities or biological processes including trna modification, histone modification, dna demethylation or methylation, tubulin acetylation, and exocytosis. studies in the model plant arabidopsis thaliana suggest that the structure of elongator and its function ... | 2015 | 25972888 |
| cyanobacteria as cell factories to produce plant secondary metabolites. | cyanobacteria represent a promising platform for the production of plant secondary metabolites. their capacity to express plant p450 proteins, which have essential functions in the biosynthesis of many plant secondary metabolites, makes cyanobacteria ideal for this purpose, and their photosynthetic capability allows cyanobacteria to grow with simple nutrient inputs. this review summarizes the advantages of using cyanobacteria to transgenically produce plant secondary metabolites. some techniques ... | 2015 | 25973419 |
| draft genome sequence of pseudomonas abietaniphila kf701 (nbrc110664), a polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading bacterium isolated from biphenyl-contaminated soil. | pseudomonas abietaniphila kf701 utilizes biphenyl as a sole source of carbon and degrades polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). here, we report the 6,886,250-bp draft genome sequence of kf701, which contains 6,315 coding sequences and 59.4 mol% g+c content. the strain possesses genes for biphenyl catabolism and other genes that mediate the degradation of benzoate, salicylate, and phenol. | 2015 | 25977441 |
| functions and origin of plasmids in erwinia species that are pathogenic to or epiphytically associated with pome fruit trees. | the genus erwinia includes plant-associated pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. among them, all species pathogenic to pome fruit trees (e. amylovora, e. pyrifoliae, e. piriflorinigrans, erwinia sp. from japan) cause similar symptoms, but differ in their degrees of aggressiveness, i.e. in symptoms, host range or both. the presence of plasmids of similar size, in the range of 30 kb, is a common characteristic that they possess. besides, they share some genetic content with high homology in seve ... | 2011 | 25983394 |
| functions and origin of plasmids in erwinia species that are pathogenic to or epiphytically associated with pome fruit trees. | the genus erwinia includes plant-associated pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. among them, all species pathogenic to pome fruit trees (e. amylovora, e. pyrifoliae, e. piriflorinigrans, erwinia sp. from japan) cause similar symptoms, but differ in their degrees of aggressiveness, i.e. in symptoms, host range or both. the presence of plasmids of similar size, in the range of 30 kb, is a common characteristic that they possess. besides, they share some genetic content with high homology in seve ... | 2011 | 25983394 |
| prospects and limitations of microbial pesticides for control of bacterial and fungal pomefruit tree diseases. | the tree constitutes an ecosystem in which microorganisms play an essential role in its functionality. interactions that microorganisms establish with plants may be beneficial or detrimental and are of extreme importance in the exploitation of trees in agriculture as crop production systems. fruit trees, especially pomefruit trees including apple, pear and several ornamentals are of great economic importance but its production is affected by several diseases. fungal and bacterial fruit tree dise ... | 2011 | 25983396 |
| prospects and limitations of microbial pesticides for control of bacterial and fungal pomefruit tree diseases. | the tree constitutes an ecosystem in which microorganisms play an essential role in its functionality. interactions that microorganisms establish with plants may be beneficial or detrimental and are of extreme importance in the exploitation of trees in agriculture as crop production systems. fruit trees, especially pomefruit trees including apple, pear and several ornamentals are of great economic importance but its production is affected by several diseases. fungal and bacterial fruit tree dise ... | 2011 | 25983396 |
| the arabidopsis kh-domain rna-binding protein esr1 functions in components of jasmonate signalling, unlinking growth restraint and resistance to stress. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) play important roles in the protection of cells against toxins and oxidative damage where one arabidopsis member, gstf8, has become a commonly used marker gene for early stress and defense responses. a gstf8 promoter fragment fused to the luciferase reporter gene was used in a forward genetic screen for arabidopsis mutants with up-regulated gstf8 promoter activity. this identified the esr1-1 (enhanced stress response 1) mutant which also conferred increased resi ... | 2015 | 25985302 |
| degradation of fructans and production of propionic acid by bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are enhanced by the shortage of amino acids. | bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is commonly found in the human colon and stabilizes its ecosystem by catabolism of various polysaccharides. a model of cross-talk between the metabolism of amino acids and fructans in b. thetaiotaomicron was proposed. the growth of b. thetaiotaomicron dsm 2079 in two defined media containing mineral salts and vitamins, and supplemented with either 20 or 2 amino acids, was studied in an isothermal microcalorimeter. the polyfructans inulin (from chicory) and levan (syn ... | 2014 | 25988123 |
| a pair of light signaling factors fhy3 and far1 regulates plant immunity by modulating chlorophyll biosynthesis. | light and chloroplast function is known to affect the plant immune response; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. we previously demonstrated that two light signaling factors, far-red elongated hypocotyl 3 (fhy3) and far-red impaired response 1 (far1), regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis and seedling growth via controlling hemb1 expression in arabidopsis thaliana. in this study, we reveal that fhy3 and far1 are involved in modulating plant immunity. we showed that the fhy3 far1 double ... | 2015 | 25989254 |
| a pair of light signaling factors fhy3 and far1 regulates plant immunity by modulating chlorophyll biosynthesis. | light and chloroplast function is known to affect the plant immune response; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. we previously demonstrated that two light signaling factors, far-red elongated hypocotyl 3 (fhy3) and far-red impaired response 1 (far1), regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis and seedling growth via controlling hemb1 expression in arabidopsis thaliana. in this study, we reveal that fhy3 and far1 are involved in modulating plant immunity. we showed that the fhy3 far1 double ... | 2015 | 25989254 |
| fine mapping and characterization of candidate genes that control resistance to cercospora sojina k. hara in two soybean germplasm accessions. | frogeye leaf spot (fls), caused by the fungus cercospora sojina k. hara, may cause a significant yield loss to soybean growers in regions with a warm and humid climate. two soybean accessions, pi 594891 and pi 594774, were identified to carry a high level of resistance similar to that conditioned by the rcs3 gene in 'davis'. previously, we reported that the resistance to fls in these two plant introductions (pis) was controlled by a novel gene (s) on chromosome 13 that is different from rcs3. to ... | 2015 | 25993056 |
| a terpenoid phytoalexin plays a role in basal defense of nicotiana benthamiana against potato virus x. | terpenoid phytoalexins function as defense compound against a broad spectrum of pathogens and pests in the plant kingdom. however, the role of phytoalexin in antiviral defense is still elusive. in this study, we identified the biosynthesis pathway of a sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin, capsidiol 3-acetate as an antiviral response against rna virus potato virus x (pvx) in nicotiana benthamiana. nbtps1 and nbeah genes were found strongly induced by pvx-infection. enzymatic activity and genetic evidence ... | 2015 | 25993114 |
| manipulation of the xanthophyll cycle increases plant susceptibility to sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | the xanthophyll cycle is involved in dissipating excess light energy to protect the photosynthetic apparatus in a process commonly assessed from non-photochemical quenching (npq) of chlorophyll fluorescence. here, it is shown that the xanthophyll cycle is modulated by the necrotrophic pathogen sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the early stage of infection. incubation of sclerotinia led to a localized increase in npq even at low light intensity. further studies showed that this abnormal change in npq w ... | 2015 | 25993128 |
| identification and expression analysis of candidate genes associated with defense responses to phytophthora capsici in pepper line "pi 201234". | phytophthora capsici (leonian), classified as an oomycete, seriously threatens the production of pepper (capsicum annuum). current understanding of the defense responses in pepper to p. capsici is limited. in this study, rna-sequencing analysis was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes in the resistant line "pi 201234", with 1220 differentially expressed genes detected. of those genes, 480 were up-regulated and 740 were down-regulated, with 211 candidate genes found to be involved ... | 2015 | 25993303 |
| lov histidine kinase modulates the general stress response system and affects the virb operon expression in brucella abortus. | brucella is the causative agent of the zoonotic disease brucellosis, and its success as an intracellular pathogen relies on its ability to adapt to the harsh environmental conditions that it encounters inside the host. the brucella genome encodes a sensor histidine kinase containing a lov domain upstream from the kinase, lovhk, which plays an important role in light-regulated brucella virulence. in this report we study the intracellular signaling pathway initiated by the light sensor lovhk using ... | 2015 | 25993430 |
| characterization of arabidopsis transcriptional responses to different aphid species reveals genes that contribute to host susceptibility and non-host resistance. | aphids are economically important pests that display exceptional variation in host range. the determinants of diverse aphid host ranges are not well understood, but it is likely that molecular interactions are involved. with significant progress being made towards understanding host responses upon aphid attack, the mechanisms underlying non-host resistance remain to be elucidated. here, we investigated and compared arabidopsis thaliana host and non-host responses to aphids at the transcriptional ... | 2015 | 25993686 |
| the ethylene response factors erf6 and erf11 antagonistically regulate mannitol-induced growth inhibition in arabidopsis. | leaf growth is a tightly regulated and complex process, which responds in a dynamic manner to changing environmental conditions, but the mechanisms that reduce growth under adverse conditions are rather poorly understood. we previously identified a growth inhibitory pathway regulating leaf growth upon exposure to a low concentration of mannitol and characterized the ethylene response factor (erf)/apetala2 transcription factor erf6 as a central activator of both leaf growth inhibition and inducti ... | 2015 | 25995327 |
| controlling the interplay between agrobacterium tumefaciens and plants during the transient expression of proteins. | in may 2012, the first plant-derived biopharmaceutical protein received full regulatory approval for therapeutic use in humans. although plant-based expression systems have many advantages, they can suffer from low expression levels and, depending on the species, the presence of potentially toxic secondary metabolites. transient expression mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens can be used to increase product yields but may also increase the concentration of secondary metabolites generated by pla ... | 2015 | 25997443 |
| the role of cis-zeatin-type cytokinins in plant growth regulation and mediating responses to environmental interactions. | cytokinins (cks) are well-established as important phytohormonal regulators of plant growth and development. an increasing number of studies have also revealed the function of these hormones in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. while the function of certain ck classes, including trans-zeatin and isopentenyladenine-type cks, have been studied in detail, the role of cis-zeatin-type cks (czs) in plant development and in mediating environmental interactions is less well defined. here w ... | 2015 | 25998904 |
| different gene expressions of resistant and susceptible hop cultivars in response to infection with a highly aggressive strain of verticillium albo-atrum. | verticillium wilt has become a serious threat to hop production in europe due to outbreaks of lethal wilt caused by a highly virulent strain of verticillium albo-atrum. in order to enhance our understanding of resistance mechanisms, the fungal colonization patterns and interactions of resistant and susceptible hop cultivars infected with v. albo-atrum were analysed in time course experiments. quantification of fungal dna showed marked differences in spatial and temporal fungal colonization patte ... | 2014 | 25999664 |
| different gene expressions of resistant and susceptible hop cultivars in response to infection with a highly aggressive strain of verticillium albo-atrum. | verticillium wilt has become a serious threat to hop production in europe due to outbreaks of lethal wilt caused by a highly virulent strain of verticillium albo-atrum. in order to enhance our understanding of resistance mechanisms, the fungal colonization patterns and interactions of resistant and susceptible hop cultivars infected with v. albo-atrum were analysed in time course experiments. quantification of fungal dna showed marked differences in spatial and temporal fungal colonization patte ... | 2014 | 25999664 |
| shigella manipulates host immune responses by delivering effector proteins with specific roles. | the intestinal epithelium deploys multiple defense systems against microbial infection to sense bacterial components and danger alarms, as well as to induce intracellular signal transduction cascades that trigger both the innate and the adaptive immune systems, which are pivotal for bacterial elimination. however, many enteric bacterial pathogens, including shigella, deliver a subset of virulence proteins (effectors) via the type iii secretion system (t3ss) that enable bacterial evasion from hos ... | 2015 | 25999954 |
| cyclic nucleotide gated channel gene family in tomato: genome-wide identification and functional analyses in disease resistance. | the cyclic nucleotide gated channel (cngc) is suggested to be one of the important calcium conducting channels. nevertheless, genome-wide identification and systemic functional analysis of cngc gene family in crop plant species have not yet been conducted. in this study, we performed genome-wide identification of cngc gene family in the economically important crop tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) and analyzed function of the group ivb slcngc genes in disease resistance. eighteen cngc genes were ... | 2015 | 25999969 |
| mining for nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase genes revealed a high level of diversity in the sphagnum bog metagenome. | sphagnum bog ecosystems are among the oldest vegetation forms harboring a specific microbial community and are known to produce an exceptionally wide variety of bioactive substances. although the sphagnum metagenome shows a rich secondary metabolism, the genes have not yet been explored. to analyze nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrpss) and polyketide synthases (pkss), the diversity of nrps and pks genes in sphagnum-associated metagenomes was investigated by in silico data mining and sequence- ... | 2015 | 26002894 |
| epigenetic changes in hybrids. | genome-wide approaches to the study of hybrid vigor have identified epigenetic changes in the hybrid nucleus in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), maize (zea mays), and rice (oryza sativa). dna methylation associated with 24-nucleotide small interfering rnas exhibits transallelic effects in hybrids of arabidopsis and other species. some of the transmethylation changes are inherited and some affect gene expression. hybrids have larger leaves than those of the parents and have increases in cell s ... | 2015 | 26002907 |
| identification of jasmonic acid-associated micrornas and characterization of the regulatory roles of the mir319/tcp4 module under root-knot nematode stress in tomato. | micrornas (mirnas) are important transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression that play crucial roles in the responses to diverse stresses. to explore jasmonic acid (ja)-dependent mirna-mediated regulatory networks that are responsive to root-knot nematode (rkn), two small rna libraries were constructed from wild-type (wt) and ja mutant (spr2) plants. a total of 263 known mirnas and 441 novel mirnas were significantly regulated under rkn stress in the two libraries. the ... | 2015 | 26002970 |
| natural phenolic metabolites from endophytic aspergillus sp. ifb-yxs with antimicrobial activity. | prompted by the pressing necessity to conquer phytopathogenic infections, the antimicrobial compounds were characterized with bioassay-guided method from the ethanol extract derived from the solid-substrate fermentation of aspergillus sp. ifb-yxs, an endophytic fungus residing in the apparently healthy leave of ginkgo biloba l. the aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and mechanism(s) of these bioactive compounds against phytopathogens. among the compounds, xanthoascin (1) ... | 2015 | 26004581 |
| evolution of host specialization in gut microbes: the bee gut as a model. | bacterial symbionts of eukaryotes often give up generalist lifestyles to specialize to particular hosts. the eusocial honey bees and bumble bees harbor two such specialized gut symbionts, snodgrassella alvi and gilliamella apicola. not only are these microorganisms specific to bees, but different strains of these bacteria tend to assort according to host species. by using in-vivo microbial transplant experiments, we show that the observed specificity is, at least in part, due to evolved physiolo ... | 2015 | 26011669 |
| the udp-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (uggt), a key enzyme in er quality control, plays a significant role in plant growth as well as biotic and abiotic stress in arabidopsis thaliana. | udp-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (uggt) is a key player in the quality control mechanism (er-qc) that newly synthesized glycoproteins undergo in the er. it has been shown that the uggt arabidopsis orthologue is involved in er-qc; however, its role in plant physiology remains unclear. | 2015 | 26017403 |
| capping protein integrates multiple mamp signalling pathways to modulate actin dynamics during plant innate immunity. | plants and animals perceive diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) via pattern recognition receptors and activate innate immune signalling. the actin cytoskeleton has been suggested as a target for innate immune signalling and a key transducer of cellular responses. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying actin remodelling and the precise functions of these rearrangements during innate immunity remain largely unknown. here we demonstrate rapid actin remodelling in response to ... | 2015 | 26018794 |
| mechanisms and ecological consequences of plant defence induction and suppression in herbivore communities. | plants are hotbeds for parasites such as arthropod herbivores, which acquire nutrients and energy from their hosts in order to grow and reproduce. hence plants are selected to evolve resistance, which in turn selects for herbivores that can cope with this resistance. to preserve their fitness when attacked by herbivores, plants can employ complex strategies that include reallocation of resources and the production of defensive metabolites and structures. plant defences can be either prefabricate ... | 2015 | 26019168 |
| assessment of genetic variation in bulgarian tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) genotypes, using fluorescent ssr genotyping platform. | genetic variability in modern crops is limited due to domestication and selection processes. genetic variation in eight bulgarian tomato varieties and breeding lines (variety plovdivska karotina, variety izk alya, l21β, l53β, l1140, l1116, l975, l984) differing in their morphological and biochemical composition was assessed using a highly efficient and low-cost fluorescent simple sequence repeat (ssr) genotyping platform. genotyping was conducted with 165 publicly available microsatellite marker ... | 2014 | 26019490 |
| myconanoparticles: synthesis and their role in phytopathogens management. | nanotechnology can offer green and eco-friendly alternatives for plant disease management. apart from being eco-friendly, fungi are used as bio-manufacturing units, which will provide an added benefit in being easy to use, as compared to other microbes. the non-pathogenic nature of some fungal species in combination with the simplicity of production and handling will improve the mass production of silver nanoparticles. recently, a diverse range of fungi have been screened for their ability to cr ... | 2015 | 26019636 |
| phosphatidic acid produced by phospholipase d promotes rna replication of a plant rna virus. | eukaryotic positive-strand rna [(+)rna] viruses are intracellular obligate parasites replicate using the membrane-bound replicase complexes that contain multiple viral and host components. to replicate, (+)rna viruses exploit host resources and modify host metabolism and membrane organization. phospholipase d (pld) is a phosphatidylcholine- and phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing enzyme that catalyzes the production of phosphatidic acid (pa), a lipid second messenger that modulates diverse intr ... | 2015 | 26020241 |
| cyclic lipopeptide biosynthetic genes and products, and inhibitory activity of plant-associated bacillus against phytopathogenic bacteria. | the antibacterial activity against bacterial plant pathogens and its relationships with the presence of the cyclic lipopeptide (clp) biosynthetic genes ituc (iturin), bmyb (bacillomycin), fend (fengycin) and srfaa (surfactin), and their corresponding antimicrobial peptide products have been studied in a collection of 64 strains of bacillus spp. isolated from plant environments. the most frequent antimicrobial peptide (amp) genes were bmyb, srfaa and fend (34-50% of isolates). most isolates (98.4 ... | 2015 | 26024374 |
| phenotypic heterogeneity, a phenomenon that may explain why quorum sensing does not always result in truly homogenous cell behavior. | phenotypic heterogeneity describes the occurrence of "nonconformist" cells within an isogenic population. the nonconformists show an expression profile partially different from that of the remainder of the population. phenotypic heterogeneity affects many aspects of the different bacterial lifestyles, and it is assumed that it increases bacterial fitness and the chances for survival of the whole population or smaller subpopulations in unfavorable environments. well-known examples for phenotypic ... | 2015 | 26025903 |
| enhanced arabidopsis pattern-triggered immunity by overexpression of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases. | upon recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) such as the bacterial flagellin (or the derived peptide flg22) by pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) such as the flagellin sensing2 (fls2), plants activate the pattern-triggered immunity (pti) response. the l-type lectin receptor kinase-vi.2 (lecrk-vi.2) is a positive regulator of arabidopsis thaliana pti. cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (crks) possess two copies of the c-x8-c-x2-c (duf26) motif in their extracellular domain ... | 2015 | 26029224 |
| changes in the proteome of pad2-1, a glutathione depleted arabidopsis mutant, during pseudomonas syringae infection. | the involvement of glutathione (gsh) in plant defense against pathogen invasion is an established fact. however, the molecular mechanism conferring this tolerance remains to be explored. here, proteomic analysis of pad2-1, an arabidopsis thaliana gsh-depleted mutant, in response to pseudomonas syringae infection has been performed to explore the intricate position of gsh in defense against biotrophic pathogens. the pad2-1 mutant displayed severe susceptibility to p. syringae infection compared t ... | 2015 | 26032221 |
| the arabidopsis pep-pepr system is induced by herbivore feeding and contributes to ja-mediated plant defence against herbivory. | a number of plant endogenous elicitors have been identified that induce pattern-triggered immunity upon perception. in arabidopsis thaliana eight small precursor proteins, called propeps, are thought to be cleaved upon danger to release eight peptides known as the plant elicitor peptides peps. as the expression of some propeps is induced upon biotic stress and perception of any of the eight peps triggers a defence response, they are regarded as amplifiers of immunity. besides the induction of de ... | 2015 | 26034129 |
| genetic analysis of resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) in a kiwifruit progeny test: an application of generalised linear mixed models (glmms). | linear mixed models (lmms) that incorporate genetic and spatial covariance structures have been used for many years to estimate genetic parameters and to predict breeding values in animal and plant breeding. although the theoretical aspects for extending lmm to generalised linear mixed models (glmms) have been around for some time, suitable software has been developed only within the last decade or so. the glimmix procedure in sas® is becoming popular for fitting glmms in various disciplines. ap ... | 2014 | 26034671 |
| investigating the association between flowering time and defense in the arabidopsis thaliana-fusarium oxysporum interaction. | plants respond to pathogens either by investing more resources into immunity which is costly to development, or by accelerating reproductive processes such as flowering time to ensure reproduction occurs before the plant succumbs to disease. in this study we explored the link between flowering time and pathogen defense using the interaction between arabidopsis thaliana and the root infecting fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum. we report that f. oxysporum infection accelerates flowering time and ... | 2015 | 26034991 |
| screening currency notes for microbial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes using a shotgun metagenomic approach. | fomites are a well-known source of microbial infections and previous studies have provided insights into the sojourning microbiome of fomites from various sources. paper currency notes are one of the most commonly exchanged objects and its potential to transmit pathogenic organisms has been well recognized. approaches to identify the microbiome associated with paper currency notes have been largely limited to culture dependent approaches. subsequent studies portrayed the use of 16s ribosomal rna ... | 2015 | 26035208 |
| overexpression of an ap2/erf type transcription factor oserebp1 confers biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in rice. | ap2/erf-type transcription factors regulate important functions of plant growth and development as well as responses to environmental stimuli. a rice ap2/erf transcription factor, oserebp1 is a downstream component of a signal transduction pathway in a specific interaction between rice (oryza sativa) and its bacterial pathogen, xoo (xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). constitutive expression of oserebp1 in rice driven by maize ubiquitin promoter did not affect normal plant growth. microarray analysi ... | 2015 | 26035591 |
| in silico identification of ampylating enzymes and study of their divergent evolution. | ampylation is a novel post-translational modification (ptm) involving covalent attachment of an amp moiety to threonine/tyrosine side chains of a protein. ampylating enzymes belonging to three different families, namely fic/doc, gs-atase and drra have been experimentally characterized. involvement of these novel enzymes in a myriad of biological processes makes them interesting candidates for genome-wide search. we have used svm and hmm to develop a computational protocol for identification of a ... | 2015 | 26039278 |
| the arabidopsis thaliana tcp transcription factors: a broadening horizon beyond development. | the tcp family of transcription factors is named after the first 4 characterized members, namely teosinte branched1 (tb1) from maize (zea mays), cycloidea (cyc) from snapdragon (antirrhinum majus), as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen factor1 (pcf1) and pcf2 from rice (oryza sativa). phylogenic analysis of this plant-specific protein family unveils a conserved bhlh-containing dna-binding motif known as the tcp domain. in accordance with the structure of this shared domain, tcp proteins ... | 2015 | 26039357 |
| protein phosphatase 2a regulatory subunits affecting plant innate immunity, energy metabolism, and flowering time--joint functions among b'η subfamily members. | protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic, scaffolding, and regulatory subunit. the regulatory subunits are essential for substrate specificity and localization of the complex and are classified into b/b55, b', and b" non-related families in higher plants. in arabidopsis thaliana, the close paralogs b'η, b'θ, b'γ, and b'ζ were further classified into a subfamily of b' called b'η. here we present results that consolidate the evidence for a role of the b'η su ... | 2015 | 26039486 |
| surface mn(ii) oxidation actuated by a multicopper oxidase in a soil bacterium leads to the formation of manganese oxide minerals. | in this manuscript, we report that a bacterial multicopper oxidase (mco266) catalyzes mn(ii) oxidation on the cell surface, resulting in the surface deposition of mn(iii) and mn(iv) oxides and the gradual formation of bulky oxide aggregates. these aggregates serve as nucleation centers for the formation of mn oxide micronodules and mn-rich sediments. a soil-borne escherichia coli with high mn(ii)-oxidizing activity formed mn(iii)/mn(iv) oxide deposit layers and aggregates under laboratory cultur ... | 2015 | 26039669 |
| oomycete interactions with plants: infection strategies and resistance principles. | the oomycota include many economically significant microbial pathogens of crop species. understanding the mechanisms by which oomycetes infect plants and identifying methods to provide durable resistance are major research goals. over the last few years, many elicitors that trigger plant immunity have been identified, as well as host genes that mediate susceptibility to oomycete pathogens. the mechanisms behind these processes have subsequently been investigated and many new discoveries made, ma ... | 2015 | 26041933 |
| stereoselective syntheses of α,β-unsaturated γ-amino esters through phosphine-catalyzed γ-umpolung additions of sulfonamides to γ-substituted allenoates. | α,β-unsaturated γ-amino esters can be synthesized efficiently and stereoselectively through phosphine-catalyzed γ-umpolung additions of sulfonamides to γ-substituted allenoates. the structures of the sulfonamide and γ-substituted allenoate partners can be varied to achieve a range of α,β-unsaturated γ-amino esters with potentially interesting chemical and biological properties. | 2015 | 26041942 |
| the guard cell metabolome: functions in stomatal movement and global food security. | guard cells represent a unique single cell-type system for the study of cellular responses to abiotic and biotic perturbations that affect stomatal movement. decades of effort through both classical physiological and functional genomics approaches have generated an enormous amount of information on the roles of individual metabolites in stomatal guard cell function and physiology. recent application of metabolomics methods has produced a substantial amount of new information on metabolome contro ... | 2015 | 26042131 |
| microbial effectors target multiple steps in the salicylic acid production and signaling pathway. | microbes attempting to colonize plants are recognized through the plant immune surveillance system. this leads to a complex array of global as well as specific defense responses, which are often associated with plant cell death and subsequent arrest of the invader. the responses also entail complex changes in phytohormone signaling pathways. among these, salicylic acid (sa) signaling is an important pathway because of its ability to trigger plant cell death. as biotrophic and hemibiotrophic path ... | 2015 | 26042138 |
| draft genome sequence of pseudomonas syringae pv. persicae ncppb 2254. | pseudomonas syringae pv. persicae is a pathogen that causes bacterial decline of stone fruit. here, we report the draft genome sequence for p. syringae pv. persicae, which was isolated from prunus persica. | 2015 | 26044420 |
| correction for bartoli et al., whole-genome sequencing of 10 pseudomonas syringae strains representing different host range spectra. | 2015 | 26044440 | |
| burkholderia cenocepacia lipopolysaccharide modification and flagellin glycosylation affect virulence but not innate immune recognition in plants. | burkholderia cenocepacia causes opportunistic infections in plants, insects, animals, and humans, suggesting that "virulence" depends on the host and its innate susceptibility to infection. we hypothesized that modifications in key bacterial molecules recognized by the innate immune system modulate host responses to b. cenocepacia. indeed, modification of lipopolysaccharide (lps) with 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose and flagellin glycosylation attenuates b. cenocepacia infection in arabidopsis thali ... | 2015 | 26045541 |
| comparative transcriptome and itraq proteome analyses of citrus root responses to candidatus liberibacter asiaticus infection. | root samples of 'sanhu' red tangerine trees infected with and without candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas) were collected at 50 days post inoculation and subjected to rna-sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (itraq) to profile the differentially expressed genes (degs) and proteins (deps), respectively. quantitative real-time pcr was subsequently used to confirm the expression of 16 selected degs. results showed that a total of 3956 genes and 78 proteins were ... | 2015 | 26046530 |
| the first complete chloroplast genome sequences in actinidiaceae: genome structure and comparative analysis. | actinidia chinensis is an important economic plant belonging to the basal lineage of the asterids. availability of a complete actinidia chloroplast genome sequence is crucial to understanding phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of angiosperms and facilitates kiwifruit genetic improvement. we report here the complete nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast genomes for actinidia chinensis and a. chinensis var deliciosa obtained through de novo assembly of illumina paired-end reads prod ... | 2015 | 26046631 |
| subfamily-specific fluorescent probes for cysteine proteases display dynamic protease activities during seed germination. | cysteine proteases are an important class of enzymes implicated in both developmental and defense-related programmed cell death and other biological processes in plants. because there are dozens of cysteine proteases that are posttranslationally regulated by processing, environmental conditions, and inhibitors, new methodologies are required to study these pivotal enzymes individually. here, we introduce fluorescence activity-based probes that specifically target three distinct cysteine protease ... | 2015 | 26048883 |
| phylogenetic and variable-number tandem-repeat analyses identify nonpathogenic xanthomonas arboricola lineages lacking the canonical type iii secretion system. | xanthomonas arboricola is conventionally known as a taxon of plant-pathogenic bacteria that includes seven pathovars. this study showed that x. arboricola also encompasses nonpathogenic bacteria that cause no apparent disease symptoms on their hosts. the aim of this study was to assess the x. arboricola population structure associated with walnut, including nonpathogenic strains, in order to gain a better understanding of the role of nonpathogenic xanthomonads in walnut microbiota. a multilocus ... | 2015 | 26048944 |
| genome wide transcriptional profiling of herbaspirillum seropedicae smr1 grown in the presence of naringenin. | herbaspirillum seropedicae is a diazotrophic bacterium which associates endophytically with economically important gramineae. flavonoids such as naringenin have been shown to have an effect on the interaction between h. seropedicae and its host plants. we used a high-throughput sequencing based method (rna-seq) to access the influence of naringenin on the whole transcriptome profile of h. seropedicae. three hundred and four genes were downregulated and seventy seven were upregulated by naringeni ... | 2015 | 26052319 |
| functional diversity of jasmonates in rice. | phytohormone jasmonates (ja) play essential roles in plants, such as regulating development and growth, responding to environmental changes, and resisting abiotic and biotic stresses. during signaling, ja interacts, either synergistically or antagonistically, with other hormones, such as salicylic acid (sa), gibberellin (ga), ethylene (et), auxin, brassinosteroid (br), and abscisic acid (aba), to regulate gene expression in regulatory networks, conferring physiological and metabolic adjustments ... | 2015 | 26054241 |
| localization and expression of eds5h a homologue of the sa transporter eds5. | an important signal transduction pathway in plant defence depends on the accumulation of salicylic acid (sa). sa is produced in chloroplasts and the multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter enhanced disease susceptibility5 (eds5; at4g39030) is necessary for the accumulation of sa after pathogen and abiotic stress. eds5 is localized at the chloroplast and functions in transporting sa from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm. eds5 has a homologue called eds5h (eds5 homologue; at2g21340) but its rela ... | 2015 | 26055508 |
| virulence factors of erwinia amylovora: a review. | erwinia amylovora, a gram negative bacteria of the enterobacteriaceae family, is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating plant disease affecting a wide range of host species within rosaceae and a major global threat to commercial apple and pear production. among the limited number of control options currently available, prophylactic application of antibiotics during the bloom period appears the most effective. pathogen cells enter plants through the nectarthodes of flowers and other natur ... | 2015 | 26057748 |
| bacillus oryzicola sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from the roots of rice with antimicrobial, plant growth promoting, and systemic resistance inducing activities in rice. | biological control of major rice diseases has been attempted in several rice-growing countries in asia during the last few decades and its application using antagonistic bacteria has proved to be somewhat successful for controlling various fungal diseases in field trials. two novel endophytic bacillus species, designated strains yc7007 and yc7010(t), with anti-microbial, plant growth-promoting, and systemic resistance-inducing activities were isolated from the roots of rice in paddy fields at ji ... | 2015 | 26060434 |
| specific detection and identification of american mulberry-infecting and italian olive-associated strains of xylella fastidiosa by polymerase chain reaction. | xylella fastidiosa causes bacterial leaf scorch in many landscape trees including elm, oak, sycamore and mulberry, but methods for specific identification of a particular tree host species-limited strain or differentiation of tree-specific strains are lacking. it is also unknown whether a particular landscape tree-infecting x. fastidiosa strain is capable of infecting multiple landscape tree species in an urban environment. we developed two pcr primers specific for mulberry-infecting strains of ... | 2015 | 26061051 |
| cpsf30 at the interface of alternative polyadenylation and cellular signaling in plants. | post-transcriptional processing, involving cleavage of precursor messenger rna (pre mrna), and further incorporation of poly(a) tail to the 3' end is a key step in the expression of genetic information. alternative polyadenylation (apa) serves as an important check point for the regulation of gene expression. recent studies have shown widespread prevalence of apa in diverse systems. a considerable amount of research has been done in characterizing different subunits of so-called cleavage and pol ... | 2015 | 26061761 |
| the ida/ida-like and pip/pip-like gene families in arabidopsis: phylogenetic relationship, expression patterns, and transcriptional effect of the pipl3 peptide. | peptide ligands play crucial roles in the life cycle of plants by modulating the innate immunity against pathogens and regulating growth and developmental processes. one well-studied example is inflorescence deficient in abscission (ida), which controls floral organ abscission and lateral root emergence in arabidopsis thaliana. ida belongs to a family of five additional ida-like (idl) members that have all been suggested to be involved in regulation of arabidopsis development. here we present th ... | 2015 | 26062745 |
| the chromatin remodeler splayed negatively regulates snc1-mediated immunity. | snc1 (suppressor of npr1, constitutive 1) is one of a suite of intracellular arabidopsis nod-like receptor (nlr) proteins which, upon activation, result in the induction of defense responses. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying nlr activation and the subsequent provocation of immune responses are only partially characterized. to identify negative regulators of nlr-mediated immunity, a forward genetic screen was undertaken to search for enhancers of the dwarf, autoimmune gain-of-function ... | 2015 | 26063389 |
| salicylic acid biosynthesis is enhanced and contributes to increased biotrophic pathogen resistance in arabidopsis hybrids. | heterosis, the phenotypic superiority of a hybrid over its parents, has been demonstrated for many traits in arabidopsis thaliana, but its effect on defence remains largely unexplored. here, we show that hybrids between some a. thaliana accessions show increased resistance to the biotrophic bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) dc3000. comparisons of transcriptomes between these hybrids and their parents after inoculation reveal that several key salicylic acid (sa) biosynthesi ... | 2015 | 26065719 |
| pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 type iii secretion effector polymutants reveal an interplay between hopad1 and avrptob. | the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 suppresses the two-tiered plant innate immune system by injecting a complex repertoire of type iii secretion effector (t3e) proteins. beyond redundancy and interplay, individual t3es may interact with multiple immunity-associated proteins, rendering their analysis challenging. we constructed a pst dc3000 polymutant lacking all 36 t3es and restored individual t3es or their mutants to explore the interplay among t3es. the weakly express ... | 2015 | 26067603 |
| widespread occurrence of n6-methyladenosine in bacterial mrna. | n(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)a) is the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic messenger rna (mrna). recent discoveries of demethylases and specific binding proteins of m(6)a as well as m(6)a methylomes obtained in mammals, yeast and plants have revealed regulatory functions of this rna modification. although m(6)a is present in the ribosomal rna of bacteria, its occurrence in mrna still remains elusive. here, we have employed ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with triple- ... | 2015 | 26068471 |