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fragment screening targeting ebola virus nucleoprotein c-terminal domain identifies lead candidates.the ebola virus is a causative agent of viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks and a potential global health risk. the outbreak in west africa (2013-2016) led to 11,000+ deaths and 30,000+ ebola infected individuals. the current outbreak in the democratic republic of congo (drc) with 3000+ confirmed cases and 2000+ deaths attributed to ebola virus infections provides a reminder that innovative countermeasures are still needed. ebola virus encodes 7 open reading frames (orfs). of these, the nucleocaps ...202032446802
health hyperbolism: a study in health crisis rhetoric.the ebola virus had only been in the united states for 2 months before it became a major national health concern. however, while some citizens panicked about the looming health crisis, others remained calm, offering explanations for why a rapid spread of the virus was unlikely. examining the distinctions between these different reactions can contribute to a better understanding of the coping strategies citizens use when facing a health crisis. we consider how citizens respond to fear by focusing ...202032449475
atypical clinical presentation of ebola virus disease in pregnancy: implications for clinical and public health management.between december 2013 and june 2016, west africa experienced the largest ebola virus disease (evd) outbreak in history. understanding evd in pregnancy is important for evd clinical screening and infection prevention and control.202032450292
a multi-filovirus vaccine candidate: co-expression of ebola, sudan, and marburg antigens in a single vector.in the infectious diseases field, protective immunity against individual virus species or strains does not always confer cross-reactive immunity to closely related viruses, leaving individuals susceptible to disease after exposure to related virus species. this is a significant hurdle in the field of vaccine development, in which broadly protective vaccines represent an unmet need. this is particularly evident for filoviruses, as there are multiple family members that can cause lethal haemorrhag ...202032455764
a conserved tryptophan in the ebola virus matrix protein c-terminal domain is required for efficient virus-like particle formation.the ebola virus (ebov) harbors seven genes, one of which is the matrix protein evp40, a peripheral protein that is sufficient to induce the formation of virus-like particles from the host cell plasma membrane. evp40 can form different structures to fulfil different functions during the viral life cycle, although the structural dynamics of evp40 that warrant dimer, hexamer, and octamer formation are still poorly understood. evp40 has two conserved trp residues at positions 95 and 191. the role of ...202032455873
characterization of o-methyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of tetrandrine in stephania tetrandra.tetrandrine is the most effective small molecule that has been found to inhibit the ebola virus. it is a typical bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid and is the main active ingredient in stephania tetrandra. metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are potential methods for efficient and rapid acquisition of tetrandrine. s-adenosyl-l-methionine: (s)-norcoclaurine-6-o-methyltransferase (6omt) is a rate-limiting step involved in the biosynthesis of tetrandrine. in this study, we identify s-adenosyl-l ...202032460036
mental health among ebola survivors in liberia, sierra leone and guinea: results from a cross-sectional study.to describe the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among adult ebola virus disease (evd) survivors in liberia, sierra leone and guinea.202032461296
epitopes of naturally acquired and vaccine-induced anti-ebola virus glycoprotein antibodies in single amino acid resolution.the ebola virus (ebov) can cause severe infections in humans, leading to a fatal outcome in a high percentage of cases. neutralizing antibodies against the ebov surface glycoprotein (gp) can prevent infections, demonstrating a straightforward way for an efficient vaccination strategy. meanwhile, many different anti-ebov antibodies have been identified, whereas the exact binding epitopes are often unknown. here, the analysis of serum samples from an ebov vaccine trial with the recombinant vesicul ...202032463974
understanding the predictors that contribute to liberian health care workers feeling protected from ebola while at work.to assess liberian health care workers' feelings around safety in returning to work in the setting of the ebola virus disease outbreak of 2014-2015 after receiving infection prevention and control (ipc) training.202032468986
ebola outbreak in west africa, 2014 - 2016: epidemic timeline, differential diagnoses, determining factors, and lessons for future response.the outbreak of ebola virus disease (evd) that raged between 2014 and 2016 in the west african sub-region was one of the global epidemics that spiked international public health concern in the last decade. since the discovery of ebolavirus in 1976, the 2014-2016 epidemics have been the worst with significant case fatality rates and socioeconomic impact in the affected countries. this review looks at important health determinants that directly accounted for the spatial events of rapid spread and ...202032475805
filoviruses infect rhesus macaque synoviocytes in vivo and primary human synoviocytes in vitro.the most commonly reported symptom of post-ebola virus disease syndrome in survivors is arthralgia, yet involvement of the joints in acute or convalescent ebola virus infection is not well characterized in human patients or animal models. through immunohistochemistry, we found that the lining synovial intima of the stifle (knee) is a target for acute infection by ebola virus/kikwit, ebola virus/makona-c05, and marburg virus/angola in the rhesus macaque model. furthermore, histologic analysis, im ...202032479821
clinical aspects of ebola virus disease: a review.ebola virus disease (evd), also known as ebola hemorrhagic fever (ehf), initially emerged over 40 years ago in the democratic republic of congo. endemic to africa, outbreaks have been recorded in six african countries since its detection in 1976. fruit bats are believed to be the natural hosts of ebola viruses (ebov), with humans and other mammals serving as accidental hosts. transmission of ebov has been reported in various ways, including human to human transmission through close contact with ...202032487785
ebola cases pass 2,000 as crisis escalates. 201932488185
discovery and structural optimization of 4-(aminomethyl)benzamides as potent entry inhibitors of ebola and marburg virus infections.the recent ebola epidemics in west africa underscore the great need for effective and practical therapies for future ebola virus outbreaks. we have discovered a new series of remarkably potent small molecule inhibitors of ebola virus entry. these 4-(aminomethyl)benzamide-based inhibitors are also effective against marburg virus. synthetic routes to these compounds allowed for the preparation of a wide variety of structures, including a conformationally restrained subset of indolines (compounds 4 ...202032490678
filoviruses use the hops complex and uvrag to traffic to niemann-pick c1 compartments during viral entry.ebola virus (ebov) entry requires internalization into host cells and extensive trafficking through the endolysosomal network in order to reach late endosomal/lysosomal compartments that contain triggering factors for viral membrane fusion. these triggering factors include low-ph-activated cellular cathepsin proteases, which cleave the ebov glycoprotein (gp), exposing a domain which binds to the filoviral receptor, the cholesterol transporter niemann-pick c1 (npc1). here, we report that traffick ...202032493822
ebola virus inclusion body formation and rna synthesis are controlled by a novel domain of nucleoprotein interacting with vp35.ebola virus (ebov) inclusion bodies (ibs) are cytoplasmic sites of nucleocapsid formation and rna replication, housing key steps in the virus life cycle that warrant further investigation. during infection, ibs display dynamic properties regarding their size and location. the contents of ibs also must transition prior to further viral maturation, assembly, and release, implying additional steps in ib function. interestingly, the expression of the viral nucleoprotein (np) alone is sufficient for ...202032493824
peripheral neuronopathy associated with ebola virus infection in rhesus macaques: a possible cause of neurological signs and symptoms in human ebola patients.neurological signs and symptoms are the most common complications of ebola virus disease. however, the mechanisms underlying the neurologic manifestations in ebola patients are not known. in this study, peripheral ganglia were collected from 12 rhesus macaques that succumbed to ebola virus (ebov) disease from 5 to 8 days post exposure. ganglionitis, characterized by neuronal degeneration, necrosis, and mononuclear leukocyte infiltrates, was observed in the dorsal root, autonomic, and enteric gan ...202032498080
serostatus cutoff levels and fold increase to define seroresponse to recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus - zaire ebola virus envelope glycoprotein vaccine: an evidence-based analysis.the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus - zaire ebola virus envelope glycoprotein (rvsvδg-zebov-gp) vaccine is a live recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) where the vsv g protein is replaced with zebov-gp. to better understand the immune response after receiving the rvsvδg-zebov-gp vaccine, the current analyses evaluated different definitions of seroresponse that differentiate vaccine and placebo recipients enrolled in a placebo-controlled clinical trial (prevail; nct02344407) in whic ...202032499064
leveraging investments in ebola preparedness for covid-19 in sub-saharan africa.the emergence of sars-cov-2 in china and transmission to more than 80 territories worldwide, including nine countries in africa, presents a delicate situation for low-resource settings. countries in eastern and central africa have been on high alert since mid-2018 in anticipation of regional spread of the ebola virus from the democratic republic of congo. significant investment has been made to support enhanced surveillance at point of entry and hospitals, infection control practices, clinical c ...202032500116
the mechanism and clinical outcome of patients with corona virus disease 2019 whose nucleic acid test has changed from negative to positive, and the therapeutic efficacy of favipiravir: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.a variety of possible mechanisms can make the nucleic acid test of patients who meet the discharge conditions positive again, including reinfection, reactivation of the original virus, lack of strict discharge criteria, new infection, and so on. different reasons will correspond to different prevention and control measures. we will enroll patients who are discharged after treatment, whose nucleic acid test has changed from negative to positive during the screening visit, regardless of the severi ...202032503657
exploiting pre-existing cd4+ t cell help from bacille calmette-guérin vaccination to improve antiviral antibody responses.the continuing emergence of viral pathogens and their rapid spread into heavily populated areas around the world underscore the urgency for development of highly effective vaccines to generate protective antiviral ab responses. many established and newly emerging viral pathogens, including hiv and ebola viruses, are most prevalent in regions of the world in which mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains endemic and vaccination at birth with m. bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is widely us ...202032513849
evidence of behaviour change during an ebola virus disease outbreak, sierra leone.to evaluate changes in ebola-related knowledge, attitudes and prevention practices during the sierra leone outbreak between 2014 and 2015.202032514198
management of used personal protective equipment and wastes related to covid-19 in south korea.with the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), the amount of used personal protective equipment (ppe) including face masks and protective clothes has significantly increased. this used ppe in a hospital can lead to the indirect infection by covid-19. accordingly, it has been recognized that the management of used ppe is very important to prevent the spread of covid-19. through the experience of spreading some infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, middle ea ...202032517547
covid-19: a perspective on africa's capacity and response.global powerhouses with tried and tested health systems have struggled to contain the covid-19 pandemic. one is left to wonder what will be left of africa, the second most populous continent after asia, which is torn by civil wars, hunger, and diseases like aids and tb and, in recent years, the ebola virus disease (evd). the majority of countries' health systems, already dependent on donor aid, are ill-equipped and under-resourced to deal with the raging pandemic. there is a lack of isolation an ...202032525568
identification of interferon-stimulated genes that attenuate ebola virus infection.the west africa ebola outbreak was the largest outbreak ever recorded, with over 28,000 reported infections; this devastating epidemic emphasized the need to understand the mechanisms to counteract virus infection. here, we screen a library of nearly 400 interferon-stimulated genes (isgs) against a biologically contained ebola virus and identify several isgs not previously known to affect ebola virus infection. overexpression of the top ten isgs attenuates virus titers by up to 1000-fold. mechan ...202032528005
bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence.most viral pathogens in humans have animal origins and arose through cross-species transmission. over the past 50 years, several viruses, including ebola virus, marburg virus, nipah virus, hendra virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory coronavirus (mers-cov) and sars-cov-2, have been linked back to various bat species. despite decades of research into bats and the pathogens they carry, the fields of bat virus ecology and molecular biology are stil ...202032528128
public trust in the time of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): the case of the dr congo.over the past half century, the democratic republic of the congo (drc), a low-income and post-conflict country, has experienced several ebola virus disease outbreaks, with different fatality rates. the drc is currently experiencing the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. using the pen-3 cultural model, we assessed the socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in the government and its health agencies. results of this analysis revealed the perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that i ...202032528613
inhibition of in vitro ebola infection by anti-parasitic quinoline derivatives.there continues to be no approved drugs for the treatment of ebola virus disease (evd). despite a number of candidate drugs showing limited efficacy in vitro and/or in non-human primate studies, evd continues to plaque certain areas of africa without any efficacious treatments yet available. recently, we have been exploring the potential for anti-malarial drugs to inhibit an in vitro model of ebola zaire replication using a transcription-competent virus-like particle (trvlp) assay. we examined t ...202032528661
ensuring ethical data access: the sierra leone ebola database (sled) model.organizations responding to the 2014-2016 ebola epidemic in sierra leone collected information from multiple sources and kept it in separate databases, including distinct data systems for ebola hot line calls, patient information collected by field surveillance officers, laboratory testing results, clinical information from ebola treatment and isolation facilities, and burial team records.202032532366
psychological distress among adults from the urban and rural areas affected by the ebola virus disease in the democratic republic of the congo.ebola virus disease (evd) is associated with high anxiety and multiple bereavement that can induce severe psychological distress (spd) in individuals living in affected communities. using data from the evd and mental health project (ebomh), this study assessed the prevalence and determinants of spd symptoms in a representative sample of adults in communities affected by evd.202032537693
exosome mimicry by a havcr1-npc1 pathway of endosomal fusion mediates hepatitis a virus infection.cell-to-cell communication by exosomes controls normal and pathogenic processes1,2. viruses can spread in exosomes and thereby avoid immune recognition3. while biogenesis, binding and uptake of exosomes are well characterized4,5, delivery of exosome cargo into the cytoplasm is poorly understood3. we report that the phosphatidylserine receptor havcr1 (refs. 6,7) and the cholesterol transporter npc1 (ref. 8) participate in cargo delivery from exosomes of hepatitis a virus (hav)-infected cells (exo ...202032541946
ocular complications in ebola virus disease survivors: the importance of continuing care in west africa.the largest ebola virus (ebov) outbreak occurred from 2013 - 2016 in west africa and consequently resulted in the largest cohort of ebola virus disease (evd) survivors to date. ocular disease is among the most common sequelae reported in evd survivors. this review discusses the prevalence, manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of evd-related ocular disease.201932542071
an analysis of international health regulations emergency committees and public health emergency of international concern designations.nine events have been assessed for potential declaration of a public health emergency of international concern (pheic). a pheic is defined as an extraordinary event that constitutes a public health risk to other states through international spread and requires a coordinated international response. the who director-general convenes emergency committees (ecs) to provide their advice on whether an event constitutes a pheic. the ec rationales have been criticised for being non-transparent and contra ...202032546587
previremic identification of ebola or marburg virus infection using integrated host-transcriptome and viral genome detection.outbreaks of filoviruses, such as those caused by the ebola (ebov) and marburg (marv) virus, are difficult to detect and control. the initial clinical symptoms of these diseases are nonspecific and can mimic other endemic pathogens. this makes confident diagnosis based on clinical symptoms alone impossible. molecular diagnostics for these diseases that rely on the detection of viral rna in the blood are only effective after significant disease progression. as an approach to identify these infect ...202032546624
the journey of remdesivir: from ebola to covid-19.countries around the world are currently fighting the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). sars-cov-2 is a betacoronavirus, belonging to the same genus as severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-cov and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers)-cov. currently, there are no proven antiviral therapies for covid-19. numerous clinical trials have been initiated to identify an effective treatment. one leading can ...202032547625
discovery of adamantane carboxamides as ebola virus cell entry and glycoprotein inhibitors.we identified and explored the structure-activity-relationship (sar) of an adamantane carboxamide chemical series of ebola virus (ebov) inhibitors. selected analogs exhibited half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (ec50 values) of ∼10-15 nm in vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) pseudotyped ebov (pebov) infectivity assays, low hundred nanomolar ec50 activity against wild type ebov, aqueous solubility >20 mg/ml, and attractive metabolic stability in human and nonhuman liver microsomes. x-ray cocryst ...202032550996
hybrid modeling of ebola propagation.the ebola virus disease (evd) epidemic that occurred in west africa between 2014-16 resulted in over 28,000 cases and 11,000 deaths - one of the deadliest to date. a generalized model of the spatiotemporal progression of evd for liberia, guinea, and sierra leone in 2014-16 remains elusive. there is also a disconnect in the literature on which interventions are most effective in curbing disease progression. to solve these two key issues, we designed a hybrid agent-based and compartmental model th ...201932551185
assessing and reducing risk to healthcare workers in outbreaks.the 2014-2016 west african ebola epidemic was devastating in many respects, not least of which was the impact on healthcare systems and their health workforce. healthcare workers-including physicians, clinical officers, nurses, midwives, and community health workers-serve on the front lines of efforts to detect, control, and stop the spread of disease. risk mitigation strategies, including infection prevention and control (ipc) practices, are meant to keep healthcare workers safe from occupation ...202032559156
the cost and public health system effects of active monitoring and illness response for ebola virus disease: a case evaluation of georgia.in august 2014, the world health organization declared the ebola virus disease epidemic in west africa a public health emergency of international concern. after 2 imported cases of the disease were identified in the united states in autumn 2014, the centers for disease control and prevention recommended that all jurisdictions begin active monitoring of travelers at risk of developing ebola virus disease for 21 days from the last day of a potential exposure to minimize the risk of disease transmi ...202032559157
bacillus paranthracis isolate from blood of fatal ebola virus disease case.a bacillus paranthracis isolate was cultured from the blood of a fatal ebola virus disease (evd) case in liberia and was identified by whole genome sequencing. although b. paranthracis has only recently been described and is poorly characterized, this case may represent the bacterial co-infection of an evd patient.202032560095
responding to the challenge of the dual covid-19 and ebola epidemics in the democratic republic of congo-priorities for achieving control.as of june 11, 2020, the democratic republic of the congo (drc) has reported 4,258 covid-19 cases with 90 deaths. with other african countries, the drc faces the challenge of striking a balance between easing public health lockdown measures to curtail the spread of sars-cov-2 and minimizing both economic hardships for large sectors of the population and negative impacts on health services for other infectious and noninfectious diseases. the drc recently controlled its tenth ebola virus disease ( ...202032563272
recent successes in therapeutics for ebola virus disease: no time for complacency.the palm trial in the democratic republic of the congo identified a statistically significant survival benefit for two monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics in the treatment of acute ebola virus disease; however, substantial gaps remain in improving the outcomes of acute ebola virus disease and for the survivors. ongoing efforts are needed to develop more effective strategies, particularly for individuals with severe disease, for prevention and treatment of viral persistence in immune-privilege ...202032563280
analysis for fractional dynamics of ebola virus model.ebola virus is very challenging problem of the world. the main purpose of this work is to study fractional ebola virus model. an efficient computational method based on iterative scheme is proposed to solve fractional ebola model numerically. stability of proposed method is also discussed. efficiency of proposed method is shown by listing cpu time. proposed computational method will work for long time domain. numerical results are presented graphically. the main reason for using this technique i ...202032565622
applying lessons from the ebola vaccine experience for sars-cov-2 and other epidemic pathogens.the world is experiencing an unprecedented global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). development of new vaccines and therapeutics are important to achieve long-term prevention and control of the virus. experience gained in the development of vaccines for ebola virus disease provide important lessons in the regulatory, clinical, and manufacturing process that can be applied to sars-cov-2 and ...202032566261
consumer perceptions and reported wild and domestic meat and fish consumption behavior during the ebola epidemic in guinea, west africa.the handling, capturing, butchering, and transportation of wildmeat can increase the risk of zoonoses, including the ebola virus disease (evd). guinea, west africa, experienced a catastrophic outbreak of evd between 2013 and 2016. this study aimed to understand local people's sources of information concerning evd, their perceptions of potential wildlife carriers of evd and their meat and fish consumption behavior during this period. a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 332 partici ...202032566394
approach to cataract surgery in an ebola virus disease survivor with prior ocular viral persistence.a 46-year-old patient with previously documented ebola virus persistence in his ocular fluid, associated with severe panuveitis, developed a visually significant cataract. a multidisciplinary approach was taken to prevent and control infection. ebola virus persistence was assessed before and during the operation to provide safe, vision-restorative phacoemulsification surgery.202032568043
'no ebola…still doomed' - the ebola-induced tourism crisis.many recent crisis and disasters affecting tourism have been studied, but few explicitly explore health related crisis in developing countries. this study analyses the effect of the ebola virus disease epidemic (evde) on the gambia, where, despite no reported cases, evde had devastating consequences. a rapid situation analysis is used to gain insights into responses to the evde, encompassing interviews with key stakeholders, field observations and follow up meetings with those involved in managi ...201832572288
health screening strategies for international air travelers during an epidemic or pandemic.air travelers can carry an infectious disease's pathogenic microorganism in their bodies and spread the disease from one country to another in a few days. to delay the spread, health screening stations may be set up at airport terminals to screen travelers. this research tested three different health screening strategies, each with a different combination of screening stations at trip origins, destinations and connecting airports. discrete event simulations were performed, based on the 2014 to 2 ...201932572324
ebola outbreak in democratic republic of congo: lessons learned, or ignored?infectious diseases became an increasing public health threat as humans transitioned from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to stable, agrarian communities. it is accurate to say the international community was not optimally prepared for the 2014-2015 ebola virus disease (evd) outbreak in west africa, which eventually spread and caused secondary cases in the united states. from that experience, much was learned about the management of an evd outbreak, from prevention and treatment, to the need f ...202032576308
buying time: drug repurposing to treat the host in covid-19h.in 2016 fedson stated …. "for almost two decades, leading scientists and health officials have warned that we must prepare for a potentially devastating global pandemic of an infectious disease. initial concern was focused on …h5n1…. more recently…a devastating outbreak of ebola virus..(and) several other emerging viruses are believed to seriously threaten global health and global security. to prepare, scientists have been urged to discover new vaccines and treatments for these emerging viruses. ...202032578336
how villagers in central sierra leone understand infection risks under threat of covid-19.concern has been expressed over how well africa is prepared to cope with the pandemic of covid-19. will rural populations with low levels of education know how to apply community-based infection control? we undertook fieldwork in two villages in central sierra leone to gain insight into how rural people faced with covid-19 assess epidemic infection risks.202032579602
coronavirus disease 2019-covid-19.summaryin recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas, with pathogens including ebola virus, zika virus, nipah virus, and coronaviruses (covs). recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in wuhan city, china, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced covs, suggesting a novel cov strain (2019-ncov), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome cov-2 (sars-cov-2). although coronavirus disease 2 ...202032580969
assessing the contributions of inactivation, removal, and transfer of ebola virus and vesicular stomatitis virus by disinfectant pre-soaked wipes.disinfectant pre-soaked wipes (dpw) containing activated hydrogen peroxide (ahp) or quaternary ammonium compounds (qac) were tested using astm e2967-15 to determine removal, transfer, and inactivation of ebola virus makona variant (ebov/mak) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) from contaminated stainless steel prototypic environmental surfaces. the infectious virus-contaminated carriers were subjected to wiping in the wiperator per the standard. following the use of negative control (j-cloth)-, ...202032582604
surveillance system assessment in guinea: training needed to strengthen data quality and analysis, 2016.the 2014-2016 ebola virus disease outbreak revealed the fragility of the guinean public health infrastructure. as a result, the guinean ministry of health is collaborating with international partners to improve compliance with the international health regulations and work toward the global health security agenda goals, including enhanced case- and community-based disease surveillance. we assessed the case-based disease surveillance system during october 1, 2015-march 31, 2016, in the boffa prefe ...202032584846
addressing challenges for clinical research responses to emerging epidemics and pandemics: a scoping review.major infectious disease outbreaks are a constant threat to human health. clinical research responses to outbreaks generate evidence to improve outcomes and outbreak control. experiences from previous epidemics have identified multiple challenges to undertaking timely clinical research responses. this scoping review is a systematic appraisal of political, economic, administrative, regulatory, logistical, ethical and social (pearles) challenges to clinical research responses to emergency epidemic ...202032586391
what is the impact of the ebola virus disease outbreak on cancer management in guinea?to assess the impact of the ebola virus disease outbreak (evdo) on cancer management at the surgical oncology unit of donka national hospital.202032589461
persistence of bacteriophage phi 6 on porous and nonporous surfaces and the potential for its use as an ebola virus or coronavirus surrogate.the infection of health care workers during the 2013 to 2016 ebola outbreak raised concerns about fomite transmission. in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, investigations are ongoing to determine the role of fomites in coronavirus transmission as well. the bacteriophage phi 6 has a phospholipid envelope and is commonly used in environmental studies as a surrogate for human enveloped viruses. the persistence of phi 6 was evaluated as a surrogate for ebola virus (ebov) ...202032591388
clinical and epidemiological performance of who ebola case definitions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.ebola virus disease case definition is a crucial surveillance tool to detect suspected cases for referral and as a screening tool for clinicians to support admission and laboratory testing decisions at ebola health facilities. we aimed to assess the performance of the who ebola virus disease case definitions and other screening scores.202032593318
evaluating case definitions for ebola virus disease. 202032593319
pregnancy and breastfeeding in the context of ebola: a systematic review.the outbreaks of ebola virus between 2014 and 2020 have drawn attention to knowledge gaps related to ebola virus disease in pregnant women. the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate available data on pregnant and lactating women with acute ebola virus disease or following recovery. we searched medline, embase, cochrane library (central), web of science core collection, cinahl, popline, global health, and who global index medicus, in addition to grey literature, for relevant articles. ...202032595045
[virus specific antibody - based remedies for the urgent prevention and treatment of ebola virus disease].the ebola virus (member of ebolavirus genus filoviridae family) is the etiologic agent of extremely hazard human disease with high mortality rates (up to 90%). the most important components of spectrum of therapeutics for special prophylactic and current of disease, caused by ebola virus, are prepares, based on virus specific antibodies (convalescent's plasma, geterologic immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies. the use of different class therapeutics, based on virus specific antibodies, the poss ...201932598619
cataract management in ebola virus disease survivors: clinical and scientific implications."the evict study was the first study to demonstrate a step-wise approach on how to safely screen evd survivors for cataract surgery, providing evidence that vision restoration though surgical management was safe and feasible in this cohort of evd survivors".201932601524
examining the role of niemann-pick c1 protein in the permissiveness of aedes mosquitoes to filoviruses.aedes mosquitoes vector many viruses with divergent characteristics, yet the criteria needed for a virus to be vectored by an arthropod remain unknown. the intracellular cholesterol transporter protein niemann-pick c1 (npc1) has been identified as the necessary entry receptor for filoviruses such as ebola and marburg viruses. while homologues of npc1 are observed in mosquitoes, currently no filovirus has been identified as circulating in mosquitoes. this work aimed at increasing the understandin ...202032609483
a retrospective cohort investigation of seroprevalence of marburg virus and ebolaviruses in two different ecological zones in uganda.uganda has experienced seven ebola virus disease (evd) outbreaks and four marburg virus disease (mvd) outbreaks between 2000 and 2019. we investigated the seroprevalence and risk factors for marburg virus and ebolaviruses in gold mining communities around kitaka gold mine in western uganda and compared them to non-mining communities in central uganda.202032611400
a virion-based assay for glycoprotein thermostability reveals key determinants of filovirus entry and its inhibition.ebola virus (ebov) entry into cells is mediated by its spike glycoprotein (gp). following attachment and internalization, virions traffic to late endosomes where gp is cleaved by host cysteine proteases. cleaved gp then binds its cellular receptor, niemann-pick c1. in response to an unknown cellular trigger, gp undergoes conformational rearrangements that drive fusion of viral and endosomal membranes. the temperature-dependent stability (thermostability) of the prefusion conformers of class i vi ...202032611759
a small molecule inhibitor of myd88 exhibits broad spectrum antiviral activity by up regulation of type i interferon.recent studies highlight that infection with coxsackievirus b3, venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), marburg virus, or stimulation using poly i:c (dsrna), upregulates the signaling adaptor protein myd88 and impairs the host antiviral type i interferon (ifn) responses. in contrast, myd88 deficiency (myd88-/-) increases the type i ifn and survivability of mice implying that myd88 up regulation limits the type i ifn response. reasoning that myd88 inhibition in a virus-like manner may increa ...202032621945
assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the animal health law (regulation (eu) no 2016/429): ebola virus disease.ebola virus disease has been assessed according to the criteria of the animal health law (ahl), in particular criteria of article 7 on disease profile and impacts, article 5 on the eligibility of ebola virus disease to be listed, article 9 for the categorisation of ebola virus disease according to disease prevention and control rules as in annex iv and article 8 on the list of animal species related to ebola virus disease. the assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of inf ...201732625555
development of a sterile personal protective equipment donning and doffing procedure to protect surgical teams from sars-cov-2 exposure during the covid-19 pandemic.background: the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has become an increasingly challenging problem throughout the world. because of the numerous potential modes of transmission, surgeons and all procedural staff represent a unique population that requires standardized procedures to protect themselves and their patients. although several protocols have been implemented during other infectious disease outbreaks, such as ebola virus, no standardized protocol has been published in regard to ...202032628871
an overview of the viral haemorrhagic fevers for the primary care doctor.the viral haemorrhagic fevers are infectious diseases that often cause life-threatening illnesses. these diseases are common in the tropical areas of the world, and travel history to an endemic area together with recognising signs and symptoms is essential to aid diagnosis. treatment is often supportive, and infection control measures need to be instituted early at the point of entry. in this article, we will provide an approach to a patient with viral haemorrhagic fevers in a primary healthcare ...202032633998
cathepsin b protease facilitates chikungunya virus envelope protein-mediated infection via endocytosis or macropinocytosis.chikungunya virus (chikv) is an enveloped virus that enters host cells and transits within the endosomes before starting its replication cycle, the precise mechanism of which is yet to be elucidated. endocytosis and endosome acidification inhibitors inhibit infection by chikv, murine leukemia virus (mlv), or sars-coronavirus, indicating that these viral entries into host cells occur through endosomes and require endosome acidification. although endosomal cathepsin b protease is necessary for mlv ...202032635194
ebola virus dose response model for aerosolized exposures: insights from primate data.this study develops dose-response models for ebolavirus using previously published data sets from the open literature. two such articles were identified in which three different species of nonhuman primates were challenged by aerosolized ebolavirus in order to study pathology and clinical disease progression. dose groups were combined and pooled across each study in order to facilitate modeling. the endpoint of each experiment was death. the exponential and exact beta-poisson models were fit to ...202032638435
multifaceted functions of ch25h and 25hc to modulate the lipid metabolism, immune responses, and broadly antiviral activities.with the frequent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases in recent years, an effective broad-spectrum antiviral drug is becoming an urgent need for global public health. cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (ch25h) and its enzymatic products 25-hydroxycholesterol (25hc), a well-known oxysterol that regulates lipid metabolism, have been reported to play multiple functions in modulating cholesterol homeostasis, inflammation, and immune responses. ch25h and 25hc were recently identified as exerting broadl ...202032640529
the importance of developing rigorous social science methods for community engagement and behavior change during outbreak response.despite growing international attention, the anthropological and socio-behavioral elements of epidemics continue to be understudied and under resourced and lag behind the traditional outbreak response infrastructure. as seen in the current 2019 coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic, the importance of socio-behavioral elements in understanding transmission and facilitating control of many outbreak-prone pathogens, this is problematic. beyond the recent strengthening of global outbreak response ...202032641188
lessons from the ebola epidemics and their applications for covid-19 pandemic response in sub-saharan africa.covid-19, caused by a novel coronavirus named sars-cov-2, was identified in december 2019, in wuhan, china. it was first confirmed in sub-saharan africa in nigeria on 27 february 2020 and has since spread quickly to all sub-saharan african countries, causing more than 111,309 confirmed cases and 2,498 deaths as of 03 june 2020. the lessons learned during the recent ebola virus disease (evd) outbreaks in some sub-saharan african countries were expected to shape and influence the region's response ...202032654261
covid-19 response in sub-saharan africa: lessons from uganda.the prolongation of the ebola epidemic may have allowed some countries to prepare and respond to the coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak. in uganda, the surveillance structure built for ebola virus disease (evd) has become a pillar in the covid-19 response. this testing and tracing apparatus has limited disease spread to clusters with zero mortality compared with the neighboring east african countries. as more sub-saharan countries implement social distancing to contain the outbreak, the int ...202032665049
quantifying the contribution of fc-mediated effector functions to the antiviral activity of anti-hiv-1 igg1 antibodies in vivo.in combating viral infections, the fab portion of an antibody could mediate virus neutralization, whereas fc engagement of fc-γ receptors (fcγrs) could mediate an array of effector functions. evidence abounds that effector functions are important in controlling infections by influenza, ebola, or hiv-1 in animal models. however, the relative contribution of virus neutralization versus effector functions to the overall antiviral activity of an antibody remains unknown. to address this fundamental ...202032665438
ebola outbreak declared an international public-health emergency. 201932669721
community response to the ebola outbreak: contribution of community-based organisations and community leaders in four health districts in guinea.the major challenges in controlling the ebola virus disease (evd) outbreak in guinea were contact tracing, referral of suspected cases, secure burial and mistrust in the context of a weak health system. community involvement and uptake of key interventions were very low, contributing to the spread of the epidemic. a community engagement project, using community based organisations (cbos) and community leaders, was implemented in four affected health districts in rural guinea. this paper reports ...202032673146
kikwit ebola virus disease progression in the rhesus monkey animal model.ongoing ebola virus disease outbreaks in the democratic republic of the congo follow the largest recorded outbreak in western africa (2013-2016). to combat outbreaks, testing of medical countermeasures (therapeutics or vaccines) requires a well-defined, reproducible, animal model. here we present ebola virus disease kinetics in 24 chinese-origin rhesus monkeys exposed intramuscularly to a highly characterized, commercially available kikwit ebola virus filovirus animal non-clinical group (fang) s ...202032674252
computational design of a potential multi-epitope subunit vaccine using immunoinformatics to fight ebola virus.ebola virus (ebov) is a rare but fatal disease that has been a burden to mankind for over 40 years. ebov exhibits several symptoms including severe bleeding, organ failure and if left untreated causes death. it is assumed that fruit bats of the pteropodidae family are natural hosts for the virus. over the years, there has been no effective vaccine that can confer immunity to this virus. considering the necessity of a vaccine against ebov, this study to develop a multi-epitope subunit vaccine for ...202032681997
pyronaridine tetraphosphate efficacy against ebola virus infection in guinea pig.the recent outbreaks of the ebola virus (ebov) in africa have brought global visibility to the shortage of available therapeutic options to treat patients infected with this or closely related viruses. we have recently computationally identified three molecules which have all demonstrated statistically significant efficacy in the mouse model of infection with mouse adapted ebola virus (ma-ebov). one of these molecules is the antimalarial pyronaridine tetraphosphate (ic50 range of 0.82-1.30 μm ag ...202032682926
annexin a2 depletion exacerbates the intracerebral microhemorrhage induced by acute rickettsia and ebola virus infections.intracerebral microhemorrhages (cmhs) are small foci of hemorrhages in the cerebrum. acute infections induced by some intracellular pathogens, including rickettsia, can result in cmhs. annexin a2 (anxa2) has been documented to play a functional role during intracellular bacterial adhesion. here we report that anxa2-knockout (ko) mice are more susceptible to cmhs in response to rickettsia and ebola virus infections, suggesting an essential role of anxa2 in protecting vascular integrity during the ...202032687500
flavaglines as natural products targeting eif4a and prohibitins: from traditional chinese medicine to antiviral activity against coronaviruses.flavaglines are cyclopenta[b]benzofurans found in plants of the genus aglaia, several species of which are used in traditional chinese medicine. these compounds target the initiation factor of translation eif4a and the scaffold proteins prohibitins-1 and 2 (phb1/2) to exert various pharmacological activities, including antiviral effects against several types of viruses, including coronaviruses. this review is focused on the antiviral effects of flavaglines and their therapeutic potential against ...202032693294
use of remdesivir for patients with covid-19: a review article.the etiological agent of covid-19, which causes severe respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and pulmonary insufficiency, has been confirmed as a new coronavirus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). there is currently no authorized medication for the treatment of covid-19. no vaccines have been authorized. thus, this study aimed at conducting a review of the use of remdesivir in patients with covid-19. the following electronic databases were used medline, ...202032696862
self-amplifying rna viruses as rna vaccines.single-stranded rna viruses such as alphaviruses, flaviviruses, measles viruses and rhabdoviruses are characterized by their capacity of highly efficient self-amplification of rna in host cells, which make them attractive vehicles for vaccine development. particularly, alphaviruses and flaviviruses can be administered as recombinant particles, layered dna/rna plasmid vectors carrying the rna replicon and even rna replicon molecules. self-amplifying rna viral vectors have been used for high level ...202032698494
'we have a role to play:' american sierra leoneans communicating the impact of the ebola virus locally and across the diaspora.the aim of this study was to examine new jersey sierra leoneans' experiences, perceptions, and knowledge about the ebola outbreak to better understand how to serve diaspora communities during disease outbreaks and improve international community engagement efforts.202032707469
ebola virus nucleocapsid-like structures utilize arp2/3 signaling for intracellular long-distance transport.the intracellular transport of nucleocapsids of the highly pathogenic marburg, as well as ebola virus (marv, ebov), represents a critical step during the viral life cycle. intriguingly, a population of these nucleocapsids is distributed over long distances in a directed and polar fashion. recently, it has been demonstrated that the intracellular transport of filoviral nucleocapsids depends on actin polymerization. while it was shown that ebov requires arp2/3-dependent actin dynamics, the details ...202032707734
long-lasting severe immune dysfunction in ebola virus disease survivors.long-term follow up studies from ebola virus disease (evd) survivors (ebov_s) are lacking. here, we evaluate immune and gene expression profiles in 35 guinean ebov_s from the last west african outbreak, a median of 23 months (iqr [18-25]) after discharge from treatment center. compared with healthy donors, ebov_s exhibit increases of blood markers of inflammation, intestinal tissue damage, t cell and b cell activation and a depletion of circulating dendritic cells. all survivors have ebov-specif ...202032709840
twenty-first century viral pandemics: a literature review of sexual transmission and fertility implications in men.the 21st century has seen a series of viral pandemics that have collectively infected millions of individuals. to understand factors that may contribute to viral spread and address long-term health sequelae for survivors, it is important to review evidence regarding viral presence in semen, sexual transmission potential, and possible effects on fertility.202032713674
impact of a free care policy on the utilisation of health services during an ebola outbreak in the democratic republic of congo: an interrupted time-series analysis.during past outbreaks of ebola virus disease (evd) and other infectious diseases, health service utilisation declined among the general public, delaying health seeking behaviour and affecting population health. from may to july 2018, the democratic republic of congo experienced an outbreak of evd in equateur province. the ministry of public health introduced a free care policy (fcp) in both affected and neighbouring health zones. we evaluated the impact of this policy on health service utilisati ...202032718948
prior vaccination with rvsv-zebov does not interfere with but improves efficacy of postexposure antibody treatment.a replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine expressing the ebola virus (ebov) glycoprotein (gp) (rvsv-zebov) was successfully used during the 2013-16 ebov epidemic. additionally, chimeric and human monoclonal antibodies (mab) against the ebov gp have shown promise in animals and humans when administered therapeutically. uncertainty exists regarding the efficacy of postexposure antibody treatments in the event of a known exposure of a recent rvsv-zebov vaccinee. here, we model a wo ...202032719371
drug discovery strategies for sars-cov-2.coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a novel disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov)-2 virus that was first detected in december of 2019 in wuhan, china, and has rapidly spread worldwide. the search for a suitable vaccine as well as effective therapeutics for the treatment of covid-19 is underway. drug repurposing screens provide a useful and effective solution for identifying potential therapeutics against sars-cov-2. for example, the experimental drug r ...202032723801
remdesivir for the treatment of covid-19: a systematic review of the literature.in march 2020, the world health organization declared the spread of sars-cov-2 a global pandemic. to date, coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) has spread to over 200 countries, leading to over 1.6 million cases and over 99,000 deaths. given that there is neither a vaccine nor proven treatment for covid-19, there is currently an urgent need for effective pharmacotherapy. to address the need for an effective treatment of sars-cov-2 during the worldwide pandemic, this systematic review of intraveno ...202032726230
influence of the reducing-end anomeric configuration of the man9 epitope on dc-sign recognition.high-mannose (man9glcnac2) is the main carbohydrate unit present in viral envelope glycoproteins such as gp120 of hiv and the gp1 of ebola virus. this oligosaccharide comprises the man9 epitope conjugated to two terminal n-acetylglucosamines by otherwise rarely-encountered β-mannose glycosidic bond. formation of this challenging linkage is the bottleneck of the few synthetic approaches described to prepare high mannose. herein, we report the synthesis of the man9 epitope with both alpha and beta ...202032729597
persistent minimal sequences of sars-cov-2.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused more than 14 million cases and more than half million deaths. given the absence of implemented therapies, new analysis, diagnosis, and therapeutics are of great importance.202032730589
modeling the 2014-2015 ebola virus disease outbreaks in sierra leone, guinea, and liberia with effect of high- and low-risk susceptible individuals.ebola virus disease (evd) is a rare but fatal disease of humans and other primates caused by ebola viruses. study shows that the 2014-2015 evd outbreak causes more than 10,000 deaths. in this paper, we propose and analyze a deterministic model to study the transmission dynamics of evd in sierra leone, guinea, and liberia. our analyses show that the model has two equilibria: (1) the disease-free equilibrium (dfe) which is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number ([formula: ...202032734342
a flexible format lamp assay for rapid detection of ebola virus.the unprecedented 2013/16 outbreak of zaire ebolavirus (ebola virus) in west africa has highighted the need for rapid, high-throughput and poc diagnostic assays to enable timely detection and appropriate triaging of ebola virus disease (evd) patients. ebola virus is highly infectious and prompt diagnosis and triage is crucial in preventing further spread within community and healthcare settings. moreover, due to the ecology of ebola virus it is important that newly developed diagnostic assays ar ...202032735587
ebola, covid-19, and emerging infectious disease: lessons learned and future preparedness.to highlight the lessons learned from the ebola outbreak that may inform our approach to the covid-19 pandemic, particularly related to the widespread disruption of healthcare, ophthalmic disease manifestations, and vision health systems strengthening for future outbreaks.202032740063
infectious disease, public health, and politics: united states response to ebola and zika.politics, rather than disease characteristics, complicated the united states response to ebola virus disease and zika virus. we analyze how media and political elites shaped public opinion of the two outbreaks. we conducted a retrospective analysis of media coverage, congressional floor speech, and public opinion polls to explain elite cueing and public perceptions of ebola and zika. we find evidence of elite cueing by congress and the media on public opinion. public opinion of both disease outb ...202032747704
endo-lysosomal cation channels and infectious diseases.among the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, the most prevalent ones today are malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, hiv/aids, ebola, dengue fever, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection, and most recently covid-19 (sars-cov2). others with a rather devastating history and high fatality rates such as plague, cholera, or typhus seem less threatening today but have not been eradicated, and with a declining ef ...202032748124
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