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molecular and phylogenetic characterization of thelohanellus qadrii (myxozoa, myxosporea, bivalvulida) infecting the secondary gill epithelium of indian major carp, catla catla (hamilton, 1822).myxosporean taxonomy which is traditionally based on the morphology of the myxospore stage, is in a state of flux given new insights provided by the expanding dataset of dna sequences. to date, more than 40 species of thelohanellus from india have been described according to morphometric characteristics. nevertheless, molecular data on these histozoic myxosporean parasites of freshwater fish are scarce. in the present study, molecular characterizations of thelohanellus qadrii infecting the secon ...201527844000
the phylogenetic position of myxoboluscarnaticus (myxozoa, myxosporea, bivalvulida) infecting gill lamellae of cirrhinus mrigala (hamilton, 1822) based on 18s rrna sequence analysis.myxozoans are an economically important group of microscopic parasites best known for the diseases they cause in commercially important fish hosts. the classification of myxosporeans is generally based on the morphology of their myxospores. without molecular data, it is very difficult to identify new or existing species. dna sequence information is therefore, a prerequisite to taxonomic and phylogenic studies of myxosporeans. in the present study, a myxozoan parasite, myxobolus carnaticus, infec ...201527844004
description of a myxozoan parasite myxobolus sp.n pkb2014 from an edible fish, with emphasis on its molecular characterization.in india, more than 104 species of myxobolus have so far been reported infecting freshwater as well as marine fishes. the study focuses on the description of a new myxosporean species, myxobolus sp.n pkb 2014 from the gill lamellae of an indian major carp labeo rohita. the species have been described on the basis of morphological characterization of the spores, tissue architecture and 18s rdna sequence data. the plasmodia of myxobolus sp.n pkb 2014 were round in shape measuring, 50 to 70 μm in d ...201527844012
european carp (cyprinus carpio l.) protein-derived ex vivo digests and in vitro hydrolysates differ in the ace i inhibitory activity and composition of released ace inhibitory peptides.carp muscle tissue is a valuable source of biologically active constituents known to positively influence human health. in this study, carp protein digests/hydrolysates generated by human/ porcine digestive enzymes were analysed for their angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitory (acei) activity. the ex vivo digests and in vitro hydrolysates were used in a screening for acei peptides as well. carp proteins were hydrolysed more rapidly by human gastrointestinal juices than by porcine enzymes. sa ...201727855606
morphological features of an endangered japanese strain of cyprinus carpio: reconstruction based on seven snp markers.morphological analyses of 183 specimens of japanese common carp cyprinus carpio (171 from lake biwa and 12 from nursery ponds) using genetic hybrid indices demonstrated that the typical native japanese strain of c. carpio has a more elongate body, more branched dorsal-fin rays, fewer and shorter gill rakers, more developed pneumatic bulb, more coiled pneumatic duct, longer posterior swimbladder and shorter intestine than the typical introduced c. carpio. these results provide a basis for a bette ...201727859297
spontaneous polyploidy, gynogenesis and androgenesis in second generation (f2 ) koi cyprinus carpio × goldfish carassius auratus hybrids.the objective of this study was to characterize the genetics of second generation (f2 ) koi cyprinus carpio × goldfish carassius auratus hybrids. spermatozoa produced by a novel, fertile f1 male were found to be diploid by flow-cytometric analysis. backcross (f1 female × c. carpio male and c. carpio female × f1 male) juveniles were triploid, confirming that female and male f1 hybrids both produced diploid gametes. the vast majority of surviving f2 juveniles was diploid and small proportions were ...201727861861
can water disinfection prevent the transmission of infectious koi herpesvirus to naïve carp? - a case report.hygienic measures such as disinfection are important tools for the maintenance of fish health in aquaculture. while little information is available on the disinfection of water intended for fish containment, huwa-san(®) , a disinfectant used in food and water industries, was used for daily treatment at concentrations of approximately 60 ppm over a total period of 3 months (experiment 1) with a 3-week treatment-free interval after 2 months (experiment 2). during this period, koi herpesvirus (khv) ...201627862001
polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in great lakes fish: levels, patterns, trends and implications for human exposure.levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) were measured in edible portions of great lakes fish, with the goal of examining patterns/trends and evaluating implications for human exposure. a total of 470 fillets of 18 fish species collected from various parts of the canadian waters of the great lakes between 2006 and 2013 were analyzed for 17 (expanded to 33 in 2009) pbdes. for a limited number of species, fillet to whole body and fillet to eggs pbdes were compared to examine pattern and co ...201727865120
serine protease inhibitor kazal-type 2 is expressed in the male reproductive tract of carp with a possible role in antimicrobial protection.the presence of the low-molecular-mass serine protease inhibitor kazal-type (spink) is a characteristic feature of vertebrate semen. its main function is control of the serine protease in the acrosome, acrosin. here we showed for the first time that spink is present in the seminal plasma of carp, which have anacrosomal spermatozoa. using a three-step isolation procedure that consisted in gel filtration and rp-hplc and re-rp-hplc, we isolated this inhibitor and identified it as serine protease in ...201727867114
effects of prolonged anoxia on electrical activity of the heart in crucian carp (carassius carassius).the effects of sustained anoxia on cardiac electrical excitability were examined in the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp (carassius carassius). the electrocardiogram (ecg) and expression of excitation-contraction coupling genes were studied in fish acclimatised to normoxia in summer (+18°c) or winter (+2°c), and in winter fish after 1, 3 and 6 weeks of anoxia. anoxia induced a sustained bradycardia from a heart rate of 10.3±0.77 beats min(-1) to 4.1±0.29 beats min(-1) (p<0.05) after 5 weeks, and hea ...201727872214
blocking antibodies induced by immunization with a hypoallergenic parvalbumin mutant reduce allergic symptoms in a mouse model of fish allergy.fish is a frequent elicitor of severe ige-mediated allergic reactions. beside avoidance, there is currently no allergen-specific therapy available. hypoallergenic variants of the major fish allergen, parvalbumin, for specific immunotherapy based on mutation of the 2 calcium-binding sites have been developed.201627876628
alternations in the liver enzymatic activity of common carp, cyprinus carpio in response to parasites, dactylogyrus spp. and gyrodactylus spp.the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of parasites, monogenea, dactylogyrus spp. and gyrodactylus spp. on some enzymatic and biochemical components of liver in healthy and infected common carp, cyprinus carpio. for this purpose, 10 healthy and 10 infected fish were collected from farm. the blood samples were taken and after separation of serum, the values of aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase (alt) enzymes activities as well as creatinine and urea w ...201627876903
parasitic infection alters haematology and immunity parameters of common carp, cyprinus carpio, linnaeus, 1758.the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of parasite infection on haematological parameters of common carp, cyprinus carpio. to this end, fish with same age were sampled from a warm water fish farm. after fish sampling, fish were transferred to lab for parasite study. parasite incidence percent and density were calculated for two population carps. after parasite study, to investigate the haematological parameters, the blood sampling was carried out from two group fish i.e. infe ...201627876978
zebrafish embryonic development is induced by carp sperm.haploid gynogenetic screens increase the efficiency of forward genetic screens and linkage analysis in fish. typically, uv-irradiated zebrafish sperm is used to activate zebrafish oocytes for haploid screens. we describe the use of uv-irradiated common carp sperm to activate haploid gynogenetic zebrafish development. carp × zebrafish hybrids are shown to have a characteristic set of features during embryonic development and exhibit functional development of several tissues (muscle, heart and ner ...201627881764
prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of antibodies against carbamylated proteins in a monocentric cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases.antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) have been recently identified in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra). the objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of anti-carp compared to anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (acpa) and rheumatoid factor (rf), replicating the existing data in a large cohort of italian patients with ra and extending the evaluation to other autoimmune rheumatic diseases (airds).201627887639
emergence of carp edema virus in cultured ornamental koi carp, cyprinus carpio koi, in india.a disease outbreak was reported in adult koi, cyprinus carpio koi, from a fish farm in kerala, india, during june 2015. the clinical signs were observed only in recently introduced adult koi, and an existing population of fish did not show any clinical signs or mortality. microscopic examination of wet mounts from the gills of affected koi revealed minor infestation of dactylogyrus sp. in a few koi. in bacteriological studies, only opportunistic bacteria were isolated from the gills of affected ...201627902384
plasticity in growth of farmed and wild atlantic salmon: is the increased growth rate of farmed salmon caused by evolutionary adaptations to the commercial diet?domestication of atlantic salmon for commercial aquaculture has resulted in farmed salmon displaying substantially higher growth rates than wild salmon under farming conditions. in contrast, growth differences between farmed and wild salmon are much smaller when compared in the wild. the mechanisms underlying this contrast between environments remain largely unknown. it is possible that farmed salmon have adapted to the high-energy pellets developed specifically for aquaculture, contributing to ...201627905882
smoking is associated with the concurrent presence of multiple autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis rather than with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies per se: a multicenter cohort study.the contribution of smoking to rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is hypothesized to be mediated through formation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa). in ra, however, autoantibodies such as acpa, rheumatoid factor (rf), and anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-carp) often occur together, and it is thus unclear whether smoking is specifically associated with some autoantibodies rather than others. we therefore investigated whether smoking is only associated with acpa or with the presenc ...201627906045
effects of dietary vitamin e deficiency on systematic pathological changes and oxidative stress in fish.the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin e deficiency on systematic pathological changes and oxidative stress in fish. a total of 320 healthy common carp (cyprinus carpio) were randomized into four groups; the control group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 iukg-1 of vitamin e, while the three experimental groups were fed the same basal diet with reduced vitamin e content (0, 25, or 50 iukg-1). findings showed that fish in the experimental groups mainly pr ...201627911874
antibodies against carbamylated proteins and cyclic citrullinated peptides in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from two well-defined european cohorts.articular manifestations are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) whereas erosive disease is not. antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-ccp) are citrulline-dependent in rheumatoid arthritis (ra), whereas the opposite is suggested in sle, as reactivity with cyclic arginine peptide (cap) is typically present. antibodies targeting carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) may occur in anti-ccp/rheumatoid factor (rf)-negative cases long before clinical onset of ra. we analysed these antib ...201627912793
dietary fish oil replacement by linseed oil: effect on growth, nutrient utilization, tissue fatty acid composition and desaturase gene expression in silver barb (puntius gonionotus) fingerlings.silver barb (puntius gonionotus) is considered a promising medium carp species for freshwater aquaculture in asia. this study in silver barb was carried out to evaluate the effects of total or partial substitution of dietary fish oil (fo) with linseed oil (lo) on growth, nutrient utilization, whole-body composition, muscle and liver fatty acid composition. fish (12.1±0.4g of initial body weight) were fed for 60days with five experimental iso-proteinous, iso-lipidic and iso-caloric diets in which ...201727913275
effects of chronic dietary exposure of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the serum protein profile of juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).zinc oxide (zno) nanoparticles (nps) have been dramatically used in industry, biology, and medicine. despite their interesting physico-chemical properties for application in various industrial, medical, and consumer products, safe use of zno nps are under challenges due to the inadequate information related to their toxicological endpoints. proteomics was applied to evaluate the sub-lethal effects of dietary exposure to zno nps on serum proteome profile of juvenile common carp, (cyprinus carpio) ...201727916310
application of biotic ligand model in predicting copper acute toxicity to carp (cyprinidae).three representative species of cyprinidae fishes (aristichthys nobilis, ctenopharyngodon idellus, and cyprinus carpio), which are abundant in chinese surface waters, were studied to determine their sensitivity to copper (cu) in acute exposures. we first performed acute toxicity tests to determine the cu lc50 value for each species in water with varying characteristics. the biotic ligand model (blm) was then calibrated using the toxicity data for these species together with binding properties sp ...201727928618
effects of portable solar water quality control machines on aquaculture ponds.the effects of a portable solar water quality control machine (pswm) on water quality and sediment of aquaculture ponds were studied in bream aquaculture ponds in shanghai, china. pswm operation reduced the temperature and dissolved oxygen (do) differences between upper and lower water levels. concentrations of nh4(+)-n, no2(-)-n, tn, tp, cod and tss increased rapidly and reached maximums at 12 h. the density and biomass of phytoplankton and levels of chlorophyll a reached maximums after 40 h of ...201727928749
cyprinid herpesvirus 3 and its evolutionary future as a biological control agent for carp in australia.biological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity. australia has experienced many invasive species, with the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) a prominent example. cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) has been proposed as a biological control (biocontrol) agent for invasive carp in australia. safety and efficacy are critical factors in assessing the suitability of biocontrol agents, and extensive host-specificity testing suggests that cyhv-3 is safe. efficacy depends on the relationship b ...201627931224
genome wide identification, phylogeny, and expression of aquaporin genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio).aquaporins (aqps) are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes. among vertebrate species, aqps are highly conserved in both gene structure and amino acid sequence. these proteins are vital for maintaining water homeostasis in living organisms, especially for aquatic animals such as teleost fish. studies on teleost aqps are mainly limited to several model species with diploid genomes. common carp, which has a tetraploidized genome, ...201627935978
the use of peptide markers of carp and herring allergens as an example of detection of sequenced and non-sequenced proteins.the objective of this study is to identify fish protein markers for detecting multiple species based on a comparative proteomic approach that relies on fragments with identical sequences. the possibilities and challenges of the use of peptides obtained from carp (cyprinus carpio) and herring (clupea harengus) proteins are discussed. a bioinformatic analysis was followed by an lc-ms/ms experiment to identify markers predicting the presence of fish allergenic proteins. selected myosin peptides wer ...201627956857
helminth parasites of finfish commercial aquaculture in latin america.latin america has tripled production by aquaculture up to 78 million tonnes in the past 20 years. however, one of the problems that aquaculture is facing is the presence of helminth parasites and the diseases caused by them in the region. in this review we have collected all the available information on helminths affecting commercial aquaculture in latin america and the caribbean (lac), emphasizing those causing serious economic losses. monogeneans are by far the most common and aggressive paras ...201727976599
structural, functional and in vitro digestion characteristics of spray dried fish roe powder stabilised with gum arabic.fish roes are considered as nutritionally valuable for their high content of essential fatty acids and amino acids. however, roe lipids undergo considerable extent of oxidation during processing and storage, imparting objectionable bitter taste and rancid flavour to roe products. hence, the objective of the study was to reconstitute the roe mass and microencapsulate lipid fraction, so that small oil droplets are entrapped within a dry matrix of roe proteins during spray drying. prior to spray dr ...201727979150
new cell motility model observed in parasitic cnidarian sphaerospora molnari (myxozoa:myxosporea) blood stages in fish.cellular motility is essential for microscopic parasites, it is used to reach the host, migrate through tissues, or evade host immune reactions. many cells employ an evolutionary conserved motor protein- actin, to crawl or glide along a substrate. we describe the peculiar movement of sphaerospora molnari, a myxozoan parasite with proliferating blood stages in its host, common carp. myxozoa are highly adapted parasitic cnidarians alternately infecting vertebrates and invertebrates. s. molnari blo ...201627982057
disseminated infection due to exophiala pisciphila in cardinal tetra, paracheirodon axelrodi.cardinal tetra, paracheirodon axelrodi (schultz, 1956), kept in an ornamental tank, was found to be affected by severe invasive mycosis. externally, the disease manifested as abdominal swelling, and internally, the anterior part of the intestine was extremely bloated with abundant dematiaceous septate hyphae and an accumulation of fluid. histopathologically, a granulomatous inflammatory response was observed in the intestine wall, kidney and spleen. we assume that the mycotic agent was primarily ...201627982440
erratum to: prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of antibodies against carbamylated proteins in a monocentric cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases.anti-carp antibodies were detected in 117 patients with ra (37.9%), acpa in 190 patients (61.4%) and rf in 202 patients (65.3%). two (2.04%) of the nhs were positive for anti-carp, one nhs (1.02%) was positive for acpa and three nhs were positive for rf (3.06%). among disease controls, anti-carp antibodies were detected in 33 patients (16.5%), acpa in 29 patients (14.5%) and rf in 64 patients (32%). in particular, 16.8% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 31.1% of patients with sjö ...201627986080
short-term effects of t-2 toxin or deoxynivalenol on lipid peroxidation and the glutathione system in common carp.the purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of a single oral dose of t-2 and ht-2 toxin at 0.15, 0.33 and 1.82 mg kg(-1) body weight, or deoxynivalenol (don) and 15-acetyl-don at 0.13, 0.31 and 1.75 mg kg(-1) body weight in common carp. conjugated dienes and trienes (the early markers of lipid peroxidation) were elevated in all don-treated groups at the 16th hour, while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars; termination marker) were increased at the highest dose ...201627993104
biologically active recombinant carp lh as a spawning-inducing agent for carp.currently, spawning is induced in carp species by carp pituitary extract (cpe) and a combination of synthetic agonist of gnrh combined with a dopamine antagonist. the main goal of this study was the production of recombinant gonadotropins (gths) on a large scale to serve as an alternative to currently used agents. we produced carp (c) recombinant (r) lh as a single chain in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris lha subunit was joined with lhb subunit with a flexible linker of three glycine-se ...201727999090
does turbidity induced by carassius carassius limit phytoplankton growth? a mesocosm study.it is well established that benthivorous fish in shallow lakes can create turbid conditions that influence phytoplankton growth both positively, as a result of elevated nutrient concentration in the water column, and negatively, due to increased attenuation of light. the net effect depends upon the degree of turbidity induced by the benthivores. stocked carassius carassius dominate the benthivorous fish fauna in many nutrient-rich chinese subtropical and tropical shallow lakes, but the role of t ...201728000069
a novel igf3 gene in common carp (cyprinus carpio): evidence for its role in regulating gonadal development.since the insulin-like growth factor 3 (igf3) gene was recently discovered in fish ovary, its function in the gonads has received much attention. in this study, we isolated two igf3 subtypes from common carp (cyprinus carpio), which comprised full-length cdna of 707 and 1153 nucleotides encoding 205 and 198 amino acids (aa), respectively. the igf3 aa sequence had the highest gene homology of 72% with the corresponding sequence in zebrafish (danio rerio). phylogenetic tree construction revealed t ...201628002497
lectin purification from carp roe (cyprinus carpio l.), investigation of its carbohydrate specificity and application in histochemistry.a method of lectin purification from carp roe (ccra) was elaborated, which includes affinity chromatography on cross-linked ovomucoid and copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and blood group-specific substances. that allowed obtaining lectin with electrophoretic purity and yielding of ˜ 42 mg÷kg roe. electrophoresis in 15% polyacrylamide gel in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol showed one band with molecular mass ˜ 15 kda, whereas in the absence of β-mercaptoethanol, ccra exposed band with molecular ...201628002514
accumulation of mercury in the tissues of the great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo) from common carp.the aim of this work is to assess mercury content in the great cormorant in the třeboň region pond systems (czech republic) in terms of its potential to accumulate mercury from common carp. selected tissues samples were taken from 51 cormorants and 30 common carp. in the food chain the cormorant was found to have the potential to accumulate mercury, where the muscle total mercury was roughly 35 times higher compared to the total mercury content in the carp muscle as its food. a statistically sig ...201728004136
modulation of erythromycin-induced biochemical responses in crucian carp by ketoconazole.the individual and combined biochemical responses of erythromycin and ketoconazole have been examined in an organism representative of the aquatic environment, crucian carp (carassius auratus). the possible interactions between erythromycin and ketoconazole were investigated on the bioaccumulation and the expression of biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst), and an antioxidant defense enzyme superoxide dismutase (sod) in fish tissues. ...201728004371
population structure and genetic diversity of indian major carp, labeo rohita (hamilton, 1822) from three phylo-geographically isolated riverine ecosystems of india as revealed by mtdna cytochrome b region sequences.the population structure and genetic diversity of rohu (labeo rohita hamilton, 1822) was studied by analysis of the partial sequences of mitochondrial dna cytochrome b region. we examined 133 samples collected from six locations in three geographically isolated rivers of india. analysis of 11 haplotypes showed low haplotype diversity (0.00150), nucleotide diversity (π) (0.02884) and low heterogeneity value (0.00374). analysis of molecular variance (amova) revealed the genetic diversity of l. roh ...201628024428
gut content microbiota of introduced bigheaded carps (hypophthalmichthys spp.) inhabiting the largest shallow lake in central europe.studying the microbiota in the alimentary tract of bigheaded carps (hypophthalmichthys spp.) gained special interest recently, as these types of investigations on non-native fish species may lead to a better understanding of their ecological role and feeding habits in an invaded habitat. for microbiological examinations, bigheaded carp gut contents and water column samples from lake balaton (hungary) were collected from spring to autumn in 2013. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and ...201728024525
cyprinid herpesvirus 3 as a potential biological control agent for carp (cyprinus carpio) in australia: susceptibility of non-target species.carp (cyprinus carpio l.) is a pest species in australian waterways, and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is being considered as a potential biological control (biocontrol) agent. an important consideration for any such agent is its target specificity. in this study, the susceptibility to cyhv-3 of a range of non-target species (nts) was tested. the nts were as follows: 13 native australian, and one introduced, fish species; a lamprey species; a crustacean; two native amphibian species (tadpole a ...201628026008
genome-wide association study for muscle fat content and abdominal fat traits in common carp (cyprinus carpio).muscle fat content is an important phenotypic trait in fish, as it affects the nutritional, technical and sensory qualities of flesh. to identify loci and candidate genes associated with muscle fat content and abdominal fat traits, we performed a genome-wide association study (gwas) using the common carp 250 k snp assay in a common carp f2 resource population. a total of 18 loci surpassing the genome-wide suggestive significance level were detected for 4 traits: fat content in dorsal muscle (mfd ...201628030623
sublethal effect assessment of a low-power and dual-frequency anti-cyanobacterial ultrasound device on the common carp (cyprinus carpio): a field study.the use of ultrasonication for cyanobacterial control in freshwater bodies has become increasingly popular during the last decades despite controversial efficiency on large scale application. apart from that, little information is currently available regarding ultrasound toxicity potential towards non-target species. this work was designed to address this issue in the common carp using a low-power (7-9 w output) and dual-frequency (23 and 46 khz) anti-cyanobacterial ultrasound device. results sh ...201728039630
occurrence of parasites of the genus eustrongylides spp. (nematoda: dioctophymatidae) in fish caught in trasimeno lake, italy.eustrongylides spp. is considered a freshwater fish zoonotic nematode. in the present study, the prevalence of eustrongylides spp. in six edible fish (european perch - perca fluviatilis, goldfish - carassius auratus, largemouth black bass - micropterus salmoides, tench- tinca tinca, carp - cyprinus carpio and sand smelt - atherina boyeri) of trasimeno lake was surveyed. the investigations were conducted from october 2014 to september 2015 and 384 specimens per species for each season were caught ...201628058245
quantitative analyses of the bacterial microbiota of rearing environment, tilapia and common carp cultured in earthen ponds and inhibitory activity of its lactic acid bacteria on fish spoilage and pathogenic bacteria.the present study aimed to evaluate the bacterial load of water, nile tilapia and common carp intestines from earthen ponds, isolate lactic acid bacteria (lab) and assess their antimicrobial activity against fish spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. following enumeration and isolation of microorganisms the antimicrobial activity of the lab isolates was evaluated. taxonomic identification of selected antagonistic lab strains was assessed, followed by partial characterisation of their antimicrobial m ...201728063102
use of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and aeromonas salmonicida for detection of immunomodulatory effects of chemicals on fish.to develop a test for assessing the immunomodulatory effects of chemical pollutants on fish, we evaluated the effects of dexamethasone on the natural host-pathogen interaction between common carp (cyprinus carpio) and aeromonas salmonicida. carp were exposed to 1mgl(-1) dexamethasone for the entire experimental period. one week after the exposure test started, the exposed fish, as well as unexposed fish, were bath-infected with a. salmonicida. one hundred percent mortality was observed in bacter ...201728063699
cryopreservation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) sperm: impact of seeding and freezing rates on post-thaw outputs.in the present study, we examined various freezing protocols, effects of controlled seeding, and changes in cooling rate and determined the endpoint (temperature at which sample could be plugged into liquid nitrogen (ln) without visible effect on survival rate after thawing) to reveal the relative importance of each different stage of cooling on freezing success during cryobanking of carp sperm. sperm samples from different individual carp males were frozen in 0.5 ml straws by conventional freez ...201728072924
cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in fishponds and their effects on fish tissue.cyanobacteria can produce toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins. common and frequently investigated cyanotoxins include microcystins (mcs), nodularin (nod) and saxitoxins (stxs). during the summer of 2011 extensive cyanobacterial growth was found in several fishponds in serbia. sampling of the water and fish (common carp, cyprinus carpio) was performed. water samples from 13 fishponds were found to contain saxitoxin, microcystin, and/or nodularin. lc-ms/ms showed that mc-rr was present in sampl ...201628073548
zinc as a signal to stimulate red blood cell formation in fish.the common carp can tolerate extremely low oxygen levels. these fish store zinc in a specific zinc-binding protein presented in digestive tract tissues, and under low oxygen, the stored zinc is released and used as a signal to stimulate erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation). to determine whether the environmental supply of zinc to other fish species can serve as a signal to induce erythropoiesis as in the common carp, head kidney cells of four different fish species were cultured with supple ...201728085070
parasite-induced increases in the energy costs of movement of host freshwater fish.parasitization by the larvae (glochidia) of freshwater mussels can cause harm to a fish's gills, resulting in less effective respiration and/or reduced activity by the host fish. the impact of glochidia infections on the host's physiology remains poorly understood, and no information is available concerning energy consumption in parasitized fish. hence, we obtained glochidia of the invasive unionid mussel sinanodonta (anodonta) woodiana and experimentally infected common carp, cyprinus carpio, t ...201728087365
a comparative study on antioxidant system in fish hepatopancreas and intestine affected by choline deficiency: different change patterns of varied antioxidant enzyme genes and nrf2 signaling factors.the liver and intestine are susceptible to the oxidative damage which could result in several diseases. choline deficiency induced oxidative damage in rat liver cells. thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for choline deficiency-induced oxidative damage. juvenile jian carp were fed diets differing in choline content [165 (deficient group), 310, 607, 896, 1167 and 1820 mg/kg diet] respectively for 65 days. oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activit ...201728099509
cyto-genotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to a mixture of ibuprofen and diclofenac.thirty million people worldwide consume each day nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), a heterogeneous group of pharmaceuticals used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. recent studies report high nsaid concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents, in surface, ground, and drinking water, and in sediments. nsaids are also known to induce toxicity on aquatic organisms. however, toxicity in natural ecosystems is not usually the result of exposure to a ...201728101901
validation of daily increment deposition and early growth of mud carp cirrhinus molitorella.in this study, laboratory reared cirrhinus molitorella from hatching through to the juvenile stage were used to validate daily increment deposition. lapilli were suitable for ageing c. molitorella. the slope of the linear relationships between increment counts and age was not significantly different from 1 (n = 258, p > 0·05), indicating that growth increments are deposited daily. the first increment following the first-feeding check formed 3 days post hatch (dph). one hundred and twenty-three j ...201728105739
interspecific variation and plasticity in hemoglobin nitrite reductase activity and its correlation with oxygen affinity in vertebrates.deoxygenated hemoglobin (hb) is a nitrite reductase that reduces naturally occurring nitrite to nitric oxide (no), supplying physiological relevant no under hypoxic conditions. the nitrite reductase activity is modulated by the allosteric equilibrium between the r and t structures of hb that also determines oxygen affinity. in the present study we investigated nitrite reductase activity and o2 affinity in hbs from ten different vertebrate species under identical conditions to disclose interspeci ...201728109837
dietary exposure to toxic and essential trace elements by consumption of wild and farmed carp (cyprinus carpio) and caspian kutum (rutilus frisii kutum) in iran.this study was conducted to determine and compare the concentrations of mercury (hg), cadmium (cd), arsenic (as), lead (pb), nickel (ni), iron (fe), zinc (zn), copper (cu), manganese (mn), cobalt (co), and selenium (se) in the muscle of wild and farmed carp (cyprinus carpio) and wild and farmed caspian kutum (rutilus frisii kutum) collected from south-western caspian sea areas of iran between december 2014 and march 2015. in addition, risk assessment of consumers to exposure to metals through fi ...201728110010
hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of dietary glycyrrhiza polysaccharide against tcdd-induced hepatic injury and rt-pcr quantification of ahr2, arnt2, cyp1a mrna in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).to evaluate the protective effects of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (gps) against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd)-induced hepatotoxicity in jian carp, the fish were fed diets containing gps at doses of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0g/kg for 60days before an intraperitoneal injection of 0.6μg/kg tcdd at a volume of 0.05ml/10g body weight. at 72hr post-injection, blood and liver samples were taken for biochemical analysis and the fish liver samples were used for the preparation of pathological slices. t ...201728115129
identification, expression pattern and functional characterization of as-kip2 in diapause embryo restarting process of artemia sinica.proper control of the cellular processes requires a variety of regulatory proteins that are involved in the cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (cki) negatively regulates transcription and arrests the cell cycle in g1 phase. kip2 is a member of cki family, which could inhibit proliferation by tight-binding with several cyclin-cdk complexes. during the embryonic development of the brine shrimp, artemia sinica, kip2 plays a key role in the cell cycle regulati ...201728115244
allergenicity of bony and cartilaginous fish - molecular and immunological properties.allergy to bony fish is common and probably increasing world-wide. the major heat-stable pan-fish allergen, parvalbumin (pv), has been identified and characterized for numerous fish species. in contrast, there are very few reports of allergic reactions to cartilaginous fish despite widespread consumption. the molecular basis for this seemingly low clinical cross-reactivity between these two fish groups has not been elucidated. pv consists of two distinct protein lineages, α and β. the α-lineage ...201728117510
preventive and reparative effects of isoleucine against copper-induced oxidative damage in primary fish enterocytes.the present study aimed to assess the possible preventive and reparative effects of isoleucine (ile) against copper (cu)-induced oxidative stress in fish enterocytes in vitro. in experiment 1, enterocytes were preincubated with increasing concentrations of ile (0, 50, 120, 190, 260, and 330 mg l(-1)) for 72 h followed by exposure to 6 mg l(-1) cu for 24 h. in experiment 2, the enterocytes were pretreated with 6 mg l(-1) cu for 24 h and then treated with 0-330 mg l(-1) ile for 72 h to investigate ...201728130733
alterations in microrna expression in the tissues of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) following microcystin-lr exposure.in the field of toxicology, the relationship between micrornas (mirnas) and microcystin-lr (mc-lr) toxicity in fish is still poorly understood. in the present study, we used quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) to examine the expression of 7 mirnas (let-7b, mir-21, mir-122, mir-27b, mir-148, mir-125a, and mir-143) that play regulatory roles in biological processes such as signal transduction, apoptosis, cell cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. expression patterns were assessed in the liver, spleen, a ...201728131796
species-specific and structure-dependent debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ether in fish by in vitro hepatic metabolism.to explore the cause of species-specific differences and structure-activity relationships in the debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in fish, a series of in vitro measurements of hepatic metabolism of pbde were made using crucian carp (carassius carassius) and catfish (silurus asotus) and the activity of deiodinase in liver microsomes was measured. debromination was observed in the crucian carp but not in the catfish. no difference was found in total deiodinase activity despi ...201728135018
growth comparison of israeli carp (cyprinus carpio) to different breeding combination.the purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement of growth in israeli carp (cyprinus carpio), and the cross experiment was carried out with two strains of israeli carp. four combinations of israeli carp from jeonbuk fisheries farm and songpu mirror carp from heilong jiang, china (kk; jeonbuk ♀ × jeonbuk ♂, kc; jeonbuk ♀ × china ♂, cc; china ♀ × china ♂ and ck; china ♀ × jeonbuk ♂) were developed and reared. body length, body weight and condition factor were determined at 20, 40, 60 a ...201628144632
myxobolus taibaiensis sp. n. (myxozoa: myxosporea) infecting the intestinal wall of common carp cyprinus carpio linnaeus in china.myxobolus taibaiensis sp. n. was found in the inner intestinal wall of common carp, cyprinus carpio linnaeus, during the investigation of fish parasite fauna in lake taibai, located in the middle reach of the yangtze river, china. the whitish ellipsoidal plasmodia, up to 2.9 mm long and 1.7 mm wide, developed in the circular muscle layer of the intestinal wall and produced significant compression into adjacent tissues, but no significant inflammatory responses were observed against this infectio ...201728148906
transcriptomic analysis of common carp anterior kidney during cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infection: immunoglobulin repertoire and homologue functional divergence.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) infects koi and common carp and causes widespread mortalities. while the virus is a significant concern for aquaculture operations in many countries, in australia the virus may be a useful biocontrol agent for pest carp. however, carp immune responses to cyhv-3, and the molecular mechanisms underpinning resistance, are not well understood. here we used rna-seq on carp during different phases of cyhv-3 infection to detect the gene expression dynamics of both host a ...201728148967
allometric analysis of a morphological anti-predator trait in geographic populations of japanese crucian carp.costly anti-predator traits tend to be expressed only in high-predation conditions. for the cyprinid fish genus carassius, deeper body depth is more adaptive to avoid predation by gape-limited piscivorous fish, but it raises swimming costs. it is therefore predicted that the relative body depth will decrease when the prey fish has reached a size larger than the predator gape-size. this prediction was tested by allometric analysis of the relation between body depth and standard length of triploid ...201728150742
physicochemical process, crustacean, and microcystis biomass changes in situ enclosure after introduction of silver carp at meiliang bay, lake taihu.in order to control cyanobacteria blooms with silver carp in lake taihu, an in situ experiment was carried out by stocking silver carp at a biomass of 35, 70, and 150 g m(-3) and no carp control in waterproof enclosures. physicochemical water parameters and biomass of plankton were measured in enclosures to evaluate the suitable stocking density of silver carp for relieving internal nutrients and constraining cyanobacteria growth in lake taihu. it is found that the 35 g m(-3) silver carp group a ...201728154770
the role of microorganisms in the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (atp) in chill-stored common carp (cyprinus carpio) fillets.biochemical and microbial changes after harvest strongly affect the final quality and shelf life of fish and fish products. in this study, the role of microbes in the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (atp), and the origin of adenosine monophosphate deaminase (ampd) and acid phosphatase (acp) in common carp fillets during different stages of chilled storage (at 4°c) were investigated. the content of atp, adp, amp, imp, hxr, and hx, the activity of ampd and acp, and the total count of viable, ...201728159278
sperm quality and its freezing ability throughout the spawning season in prochilodus lineatus and brycon orbignyanus.the aim of this study was to determine fresh and frozen sperm quality evaluated over two spawning seasons (2013-2014; 2014-2015) in prochilodus lineatus and brycon orbignyanus. the spawning seasons were divided into two sampling periods: november to december and january to february. males were hand-stripped after carp pituitary treatment. fresh sperm motility rate, velocities (curvilinear = vcl; straight-line = vsl; average path = vap), and the beat cross frequency (bcf) were determined using a ...201728166981
development of a pcr assay to detect cyprinid herpesvirus 1 in koi and common carp.cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (cyhv1) infects all scaled and color varieties of common carp cyprinus carpio, including koi. while it is most often associated with unsightly growths known as 'carp pox,' the underlying lesion (epidermal hyperplasia) can arise from a variety of disease processes. cyhv1-induced epidermal hyperplasia may occur transiently in response to water temperature, and thus histopathology cannot be used in isolation to assess cyhv1 infection status. to address this problem, here we d ...201728177290
conserved fever pathways across vertebrates: a herpesvirus expressed decoy tnf-α receptor delays behavioral fever in fish.both endotherms and ectotherms (e.g., fish) increase their body temperature to limit pathogen infection. ectotherms do so by moving to warmer places, hence the term "behavioral fever." we studied the manifestation of behavioral fever in the common carp infected by cyprinid herpesvirus 3, a native carp pathogen. carp maintained at 24°c died from the infection, whereas those housed in multi-chamber tanks encompassing a 24°c-32°c gradient migrated transiently to the warmest compartment and survived ...201728182952
national estimation of seafood consumption in mexico: implications for exposure to methylmercury and polyunsaturated fatty acids.seafood is a good source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-pufa) but also contains the toxic contaminant methylmercury (mehg). national estimates of exposure to both compounds through seafood intake in mexico are not known. the objective of the current study was to describe national seafood consumption habits and to estimate seafood-based exposure to ω3-pufas and mehg.201728183054
molecular characterization of a fish-specific toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) gene from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.): evolutionary relationship and induced expression upon immune stimulants.in the host innate immune system, various pattern recognition receptors (prrs) recognize conserved pathogens-associated molecular patterns (pamps), and represent an efficient first line of defense against invading pathogens. tlr22 is one of the fish-specific toll-like receptors (tlrs), identified in a variety of fish species. in this study, we report the cloning and identification of a tlr22 cdna from the gills of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the full-length cctlr22 cdna was 3301 bp long, i ...201728192255
gold nanoprobe-enabled three-dimensional ozone imaging by optical coherence tomography.ozone (o3) would be harmful to human skin for its strong oxidizing property, especially when stratum corneum or corneal epithelium is wounded. imaging the penetration and distribution of ozone at depth is beneficial for studying the influence of ozone on skin or eyes. here, we introduced a facile method for three-dimensional (3d) imaging of the penetration of o3 into the anterior chamber of an isolated crucian carp eye by using optical coherence tomography (oct) combined with gold triangular nan ...201728192946
daily and seasonal expression profile of serum melatonin and its biosynthesizing enzyme genes (tph1, aanat1, aanat2, and hiomt) in pineal organ and retina: a study under natural environmental conditions in a tropical carp, catla catla.the tropical carp catla catla is gaining importance for the studies of the impact of environmental changes on aquatic animals due to its surface dwelling habitat. to date, no information is available on the transcriptional profile of melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes in any tropical carp under either natural or artificial photothermal conditions in pineal and retina. the present study is an attempt to demonstrate the temporal pattern of expression of melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes, ...201628198154
comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy and aeromonas hydrophila-infected crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio).the comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (enr) and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (cip) were investigated in healthy and aeromonas hydrophila-infected crucian carp after a single oral (p.o.) administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg at 25 °c. the plasma concentrations of enr and of cip were determined by hplc. pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on mean enr concentrations by noncompartmental modeling. in healthy fish, the elimination half-life (t1/2λz ), maximum plasma concentratio ...201728205238
tracing the biotransformation of pcbs and pbdes in common carp (cyprinus carpio) using compound-specific and enantiomer-specific stable carbon isotope analysis.compound-specific and enantiomer-specific carbon isotope composition was investigated in terms of biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) as well as atropisomers of chiral pcb congeners in fish by exposing common carp (cyprinus carpio) to certain pcb and pbde congeners. the calculated carbon isotope enrichment factors (εc) for pcb 8, 18, and 45 were -1.99, -1.84, and -1.70‰, respectively, providing evidence of the metabolism of these conge ...201728208015
experimental infections of different carp strains with the carp edema virus (cev) give insights into the infection biology of the virus and indicate possible solutions to problems caused by koi sleepy disease (ksd) in carp aquaculture.outbreaks of koi sleepy disease (ksd) caused by carp edema virus (cev) may seriously affect populations of farmed common carp, one of the most important fish species for global food production. the present study shows further evidence for the involvement of cev in outbreaks of ksd among carp and koi populations: in a series of infection experiments, cev from two different genogroups could be transmitted to several strains of naïve common carp via cohabitation with fish infected with cev. in reci ...201728222784
diversification of hox gene clusters in osteoglossomorph fish in comparison to other teleosts and the spotted gar outgroup.an ancient genome duplication (tgd or 3r) occurred in teleost fish after divergence from the lineage leading to gar. this genome duplication is shared by the three extant teleost lineages: osteoglossomorpha (bony-tongues), elopomorpha (eels and tarpons), and clupeocephala (a large clade including salmon, carp, medaka, zebrafish, cichlids, pufferfish, stickleback, and ∼26,000 other species). after tgd, different clupeocephalan species retained different gene duplicates; this is seen clearly in ho ...201728229564
first record of myxozoan parasites from fresh water fishes of jammu and kashmir and their pathogenecity.the present study was aimed to isolate myxozoan parasites infecting the native carp schizothorax esocinus (heckel) and pond reared carp labeo rohita (ham.) collected from fresh water ecosystems of jammu and kashmir from july 2013 to june 2014. various organs such as eyes, gills, scales, fins, intestines, visceral organs and pericardial cavity of as many as 100 live specimens were examined. results revealed that 14% of the examined l. rohita were infected with myxobolus rocatlae (ham.) and 6% of ...201728232055
bulgarian marine and freshwater fishes as a source of fat-soluble vitamins for a healthy human diet.the aim of the present study evaluates the fat-soluble vitamins all-trans retinol (vitamin a), cholecalciferol (vitamin d₃) and α-tocopherol (vitamin e) content in the fresh edible tissue of bulgarian fish species: marine-grey mullet (mugil cephalus) and bonito (sarda sarda), and freshwater-rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). the sample preparation procedure includes alkaline saponification, followed by liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane. all-trans retinol, ...201328239118
nutritional and digestive properties of protein isolates extracted from the muscle of the common carp using ph-shift processing.this study details the nutritional and digestive properties of protein isolates that are extracted from carp (cyprinus carpio l.) muscle using ph shifting methods. alkaline (alpi) and acid (acpi) protein isolates exhibit higher protein yields (87.6%, 76.3%, respectively). in addition to the high recovery of myofibrillar protein, a portion of the water-soluble proteins is also recovered. the moisture contents of acpi and alpi are 85.5% and 88.5%, respectively, and the crude protein contents of th ...201728239212
zebra fish lacking adaptive immunity acquire an antiviral alert state characterized by upregulated gene expression of apoptosis, multigene families, and interferon-related genes.to investigate fish innate immunity, we have conducted organ and cell immune-related transcriptomic as well as immunohistologic analysis in mutant zebra fish (danio rerio) lacking adaptive immunity (rag1(-/-)) at different developmental stages (egg, larvae, and adult), before and after infection with spring viremia carp virus (svcv). the results revealed that, compared to immunocompetent zebra fish (rag1(+/+) ), rag1(-/-) acquired increased resistance to svcv with age, correlating with elevated ...201728243233
transcriptome sequence of the bloodstream form of trypanoplasma borreli, a hematozoic parasite of fish transmitted by leeches.here, we report a transcriptome sequence of trypanoplasma borreli isolated from its natural host, the common carp, cyprinus carpio the transcriptome allows an analysis of abundant cell surface proteins and acts as a comparator for understanding the evolution and pathogenicity of other kinetoplastida, including several that infect humans.201728254980
genomic and transcriptomic approaches to study immunology in cyprinids: what is next?accelerated by the introduction of next-generation sequencing (ngs), a number of genomes of cyprinid fish species have been drafted, leading to a highly valuable collective resource of comparative genome information on cyprinids (cyprinidae). in addition, ngs-based transcriptome analyses of different developmental stages, organs, or cell types, increasingly contribute to the understanding of complex physiological processes, including immune responses. cyprinids are a highly interesting family be ...201728257855
molecular characterization and expression analysis of toll-like receptors 5 and 22 from natural triploid carassius auratus.innate immunity, as the most primitive and universal host defense in fish, constitutes an efficient first line of defense to combat invading microbes. toll-like receptors (tlrs) play essential roles in the innate immunity, and tlr5 and tlr22 are two important tlrs that can recognize flagellin and double stranded rna (dsrna), respectively. in this study, we identified and characterized two tlrs genes of qihe crucian carp (carassius auratus) (designated as catlr5 and catlr22). the full-length cdna ...201728259778
development of a common carp (cyprinus carpio) pregnane x receptor (cpxr) transactivation reporter assay and its activation by azole fungicides and pharmaceutical chemicals.in mammals, the pregnane x receptor (pxr) is a transcription factor with a key role in regulating expression of several genes involved in drug biotransformation. pxr is present in fish and some genes known to be under its control can be up-regulated by mammalian pxr ligands. despite this, direct involvement of pxr in drug biotransformation in fish has yet to be established. here, the full length pxr sequence was cloned from carp (cyprinus carpio) and used in a luciferase reporter assay to elucid ...201728259787
diagnostic validation of three test methods for detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3).cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is the aetiological agent of koi herpesvirus disease in koi and common carp. the disease is notifiable to the world organisation for animal health. three tests-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr), conventional pcr (cpcr) and virus isolation by cell culture (vi)-were validated to assess their fitness as diagnostic tools for detection of cyhv-3. test performance metrics of diagnostic accuracy were sensitivity (dse) and specificity (dsp). repeatability and ...201728262633
acute toxicity effect of cypermethrin on common carp (cyprinus carpio).the present study aimed to assess the acute effect of cypermethrin on common carp (cyprinus carpio). evaluation of toxicity effects of cypermethrin on carp was performed on based assessment of hematological profile, antioxidant and oxidative biomarkers and histopathology.201628263532
effects of therapeutic formalin bath on selected indices in fish.the aim of this study is to assess the effects of a treatment bath in a formalin solution on fish, focusing on haematological, biochemical and histopathological profiles.201628263533
suppressive immunoregulatory effects of three antidepressants via inhibition of the nuclear factor-κb activation assessed using primary macrophages of carp (cyprinus carpio).antidepressants, having been applied for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions for decades, are among the most commonly detected human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. this study evaluated the immunotoxicity of acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of amitriptyline, fluoxetine and mianserin using an in vitro primary macrophage model isolated from red common carp (cyprinus carpio), and also explored their potential mechanisms of action. a p ...201728263824
the effect of collagen hydrolysates from silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) skin on uv-induced photoaging in mice: molecular weight affects skin repair.the use of collagen hydrolysates (chs) as a nutraceutical agent in skin aging has gained increasing attention. here, the effects of various doses and molecular weights of ch from silver carp skin on photoaging in mice were investigated. the ingestion of ch at 50, 100 and 200 mg per kg body weight led to a dose-dependent increase in the hydroxyproline, hyaluronic acid and moisture contents of the skin, but it had no significant effect on the mice body weight, or on the spleen or thymus index. fur ...201728266663
the anti-photoaging effect of antioxidant collagen peptides from silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) skin is preferable to tea polyphenols and casein peptides.applying antioxidants to attenuate skin photoaging has received great attention. in this study, antioxidant collagen peptides (acps) with different activities were prepared using different proteases, called high (hcp), medium (mcp) and low antioxidant collagen peptides (lcp). the effects of acps, tea polyphenols (tp) and casein peptides (cp) on the photoaged skin of mice were evaluated and compared. ingestion of acps significantly alleviated uv-induced abnormal alterations of skin components and ...201728266664
effect of cinnamon essential oil on bacterial diversity and shelf-life in vacuum-packaged common carp (cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage.the present study investigated the effect of cinnamon essential oil on the quality of vacuum-packaged common carp (cyprinus carpio) fillets stored at 4±1°c in terms of sensory scores, physicochemical characteristics (total volatile basic nitrogen (tvb-n), biogenic amines, and color), and presence of spoilage microbiota. a total of 290,753 bacterial sequences and 162 different genera belonging to 14 phyla were observed by a high-throughput sequencing technique targeting the v3-v4 region of 16s rd ...201628271852
beyond citrullination: other post-translational protein modifications in rheumatoid arthritis.the presence of autoantibodies is one of the hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). in the past few decades, rheumatoid factors (autoantibodies that recognize the fc-tail of immunoglobulins) as well as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpas) have been studied intensively. acpas recognize post-translationally modified proteins in which the amino acid arginine has been converted into a citrulline. more recently, other autoantibody systems recognizing post-translationally modified proteins h ...201728275265
anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on ccl4-induced damage in precision-cut liver slices from jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) through inhibition of the nf-kɓ pathway.in order to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (ga) on carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced damage in precision-cut liver slices (pcls) from jian carp (cyprinus carpio. jian), an acute liver damage model was established in this study. the viability of pcls, levels of anti-oxidases in liver homogenates, expression of inflammation-related genes including nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb)/c-rel, inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), interleukin-1β (il-1β), interl ...201728288912
estrogenic effects in feral male common carp (cyprinus carpio) from laguna de bay, philippines.this study was conducted to measure 17β-estradiol (e2) levels in laguna de bay, philippines and to examine feral male common carp for evidence of exposure to estrogenic pollutants. analysis of water samples revealed e2 concentrations of 630 and 550 ng/l from the east and west bay of the lake, respectively. plasma vitellogenin (vtg) in captured fish ranged from 506 to 4083 ng/ml. in comparison to the reference and west bay groups, fish from the east bay had higher plasma vtg concentrations and re ...201728289806
erratum: allometric analysis of a morphological anti-predator trait in geographic populations of japanese crucian carp. 201728290534
identification of carbamylated alpha 1 anti-trypsin (a1at) as an antigenic target of anti-carp antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.in 2011 a novel autoantibody system, anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies, was described in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients. anti-carp antibody positivity associates with a more severe disease course, is observed years before disease onset, and may predict the development of ra in arthralgia patients. although many clinical observations have been carried out, information on the antigenic targets of anti-carp antibodies is limited. most studies on anti-carp antibodies utilize an el ...201728291659
purification of cone outer segment for proteomic analysis on its membrane proteins in carp retina.rods and cones are both photoreceptors in the retina, but they are different in many aspects including the light response characteristics and, for example, cell morphology and metabolism. these differences would be caused by differences in proteins expressed in rods and cones. to understand the molecular bases of these differences between rods and cones, one of the ways is to compare proteins expressed in rods and cones, and to find those expressed specifically or dominantly. in the present stud ...201728291804
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