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anti-hsv activity of kuwanon x from mulberry leaves with genes expression inhibitory and hsv-1 induced nf-κb deactivated properties.six stilbene derivatives isolated from mulberry leaves including kuwanon x, mulberrofuran c, mulberrofuran g, moracin c, moracin m 3'-o-b-glucopyranoside and moracin m were found to have antiviral effects against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) at different potencies except for mulberrofuran g. kuwanon x exhibited the greatest activity against hsv-1 15577 and clinical strains and hsv-2 strain 333 with ic50 values of 2.2, 1.5 and 2.5 µg/ml, respectively. further study revealed ...201627725444
the unexpected detection of varicella-zoster virus in genital specimens using the lyra™ direct hsv 1+2/vzv assay.the lyra™ direct hsv 1+2/vzv assay is a moderately complex, multiplex pcr assay that qualitatively detects the presence of hsv 1, hsv 2, and vzv dna in cutaneous and mucocutaneous specimens with a time-to-result of less than 60min.201627756008
laryngopharyngeal reflux and herpes simplex virus type 2 are possible risk factors for adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (prospective case-control study).the human papillomavirus (hpv) causes recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (rrp). although hpv prevalence is high, the incidence of papillomatosis is low. thus, factors other than hpv infection probably contribute to rrp. this study investigated whether patients with papillomatosis are more often infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 and chlamydia trachomatis (cht) and whether laryngopharyngeal reflux (lpr) occurs in this group of patients more often.201627759910
high seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 and herpes simplex virus 2 infections in men who have sex with men in shanghai, china.men who have sex with men (msm) are an important risk group for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and at high-risk of herpesvirus infection. however, limited information on epidemiologic patterns of hhv8 and hsv2 among msm is available in mainland china. a cross-sectional study of 486 participants was performed in shanghai, china from january 2013 to december 2014 to explore epidemiologic features of hhv8 and hsv2 among msm. serum samples were collected and tested for hhv8 by immunofluoresence ...201727769110
multicenter evaluation of the luminex® aries® hsv 1&2 assay for the detection of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesion specimens.the aries® hsv 1&2 assay is a new fda cleared real-time pcr test for detection and differentiation of hsv-1 and hsv-2 dna from cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions. the test is performed on the aries® system, an automated sample to answer real-time pcr instrument that provides a closed system and simple workflow for performing molecular testing. areas covered: this article reports the clinical performance of the aries® hsv 1&2 assay assessed on 1963 prospectively collected specimens. assay sensit ...201627771977
α herpes virus infections among renal transplant recipients.the α herpes viruses hsv-1, hsv-2, and vzv often reactivate in the setting of immune suppression after solid organ transplantation. oral or genital mucocutaneous disease is the most common clinical manifestation of hsv disease while vzv manifests as varicella (or chickenpox) or reactivation herpes zoster, characterized by a diffuse rash, or a painful unilateral vesicular eruption in a dermatomal distribution, respectively. the diagnosis of hsv and vzv is primarily based on history and clinical p ...201627772619
herpes simplex virus type 2-associated recurrent aseptic meningitis (mollaret's meningitis) with a recurrence after 11-year interval: a case report.a 55-year-old woman was diagnosed with aseptic meningitis at the age of 43 and 44. she developed sudden fever and headache, and she showed nuchal rigidity. cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed pleocytosis (cell count 208/mm(3)) and was positive for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) dna by pcr. acyclovir was started on the first day of admission, and she was complete recovery. preserved cerebrospinal fluid specimen from aseptic meningitis at the age of 44 was also positive for hsv-2 dna by ...201627773908
rna-binding protein cpeb1 remodels host and viral rna landscapes.host and virus interactions occurring at the post-transcriptional level are critical for infection but remain poorly understood. here, we performed comprehensive transcriptome-wide analyses revealing that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection results in widespread alternative splicing (as), shortening of 3' untranslated regions (3' utrs) and lengthening of poly(a)-tails in host gene transcripts. we found that the host rna-binding protein cpeb1 was highly induced after infection, and ectopic exp ...201627775709
seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among young adults in arkhangelsk, northwest russia: a population-based cross-sectional study.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (gud) worldwide. mother to child transmission causes high morbidity and mortality among infants. russia is on the brink of a generalized hiv-epidemic, but arkhangelsk is still a low-prevalence area. hsv-2 infection is associated with a three-fold increased risk of hiv-infection. the evidence on the seroprevalence of hsv-2 in russia is limited. the aim of this study was to assess hsv-2 seroprevalence a ...201627793121
prevalence and determinants of hsv-2/syphilis co-infection and hsv-2 mono-infection among hiv-positive men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in northeast china.we aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) mono-infection and hsv-2/syphilis co-infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive men who have sex with men (msm) in china. a cross-sectional study was conducted on 545 hiv-positive msm in shenyang between february 2009 and october 2014. participants received physical examinations and serological tests for hsv-2 and syphilis. a multinomial logistic regression was used to identify risk factors as ...201627795468
associations between excessive adiposity and seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 among us adults: a population-based age-period-cohort analysis.evidence on the association between herpes simplex virus (hsv) and excessive adiposity, such as obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference (wc) >102 or 88 cm), has been inconsistent. we sought to examine whether age-period-cohort (apc) effects could explain for the observed heterogeneities.201627798014
antimicrobial activity of biocompatible microemulsions against aspergillus niger and herpes simplex virus type 2.microemulsions (mes), which consist of oil, water, surfactants, and cosurfactants, have recently generated considerable interest as antimicrobial agents.201627800146
incidence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 seroconversion among pregnant women in uganda: a prospective study.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) acquired during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes such as perinatal hsv-2 transmission. hsv-2 seroconversion occurs within four weeks of hsv-2 acquisition. there was neither documented incidence nor risk factors for hsv-2 seroconversion during pregnancy in uganda. the objective of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for hsv-2 seroconversion among pregnant women in mulago hospital, uganda.201627801374
the effect of a conditional cash transfer on hiv incidence in young women in rural south africa (hptn 068): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial.cash transfers have been proposed as an intervention to reduce hiv-infection risk for young women in sub-saharan africa. however, scarce evidence is available about their effect on reducing hiv acquisition. we aimed to assess the effect of a conditional cash transfer on hiv incidence among young women in rural south africa.201627815148
fulminant hepatic failure in a patient with crohn's disease on infliximab possibly related to reactivation of herpes simplex virus 2 infection.hsv hepatitis is a rare but often fatal cause of liver failure which tends to affect immunocompromised individuals. early treatment with acyclovir has been shown to reduce mortality in hsv hepatitis making recognition of the condition critically important. here, we present a case of hsv hepatitis in a young woman with crohn's disease on prednisone, azathioprine, and infliximab. we discuss the clinical presentation of hsv hepatitis as well as the possible causes of hepatitis in a patient on these ...201627818806
use of injectable hormonal contraception and hsv-2 acquisition in a cohort of female sex workers in vancouver, canada.increased risk of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) has been proposed as a possible indirect pathway through which hormonal contraceptives (specifically depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (dmpa)) may increase the risk of hiv acquisition among women. we investigated the effects of dmpa on hsv-2 acquisition among female sex workers.201627821613
herpes simplex virus suppressive therapy in herpes simplex virus-2/human immunodeficiency virus-1 coinfected women is associated with reduced systemic cxcl10 but not genital cytokines.herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) may heighten immune activation and increase human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) replication, resulting in greater infectivity and faster hiv-1 disease progression. an 18-week randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of 500 mg valacyclovir twice daily in 20 antiretroviral-naive women coinfected with hsv-2 and hiv-1 was conducted and hsv-2 suppression was found to significantly reduce both hsv-2 and hiv-1 viral loads both systemically and the endocervic ...201627832025
intravaginal practices and prevalence of sexual and reproductive tract infections among women in rural malawi.many women engage in intravaginal practices (ivp) with a goal of improving genital hygiene and increasing sexual pleasure. intravaginal practices can disrupt the genital mucosa, and some studies have found that ivp increases risk of acquisition of hiv and bacterial vaginosis (bv). limited prior research also suggests significant associations between ivp, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and high-risk types of human papillomavirus (hpv).201627835627
hla class i and ii alleles, heterozygosity and hla-kir interactions are associated with rates of genital hsv shedding and lesions.variation at hla and kir loci is associated with the severity of viral infections. to assess associations of genital hsv-2 infection with human hla and kir genetic loci, we measured the frequencies of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna detection and of genital lesions in hsv-2 seropositive persons. we followed 267 hsv-2 seropositive persons who collected daily genital swabs and recorded lesions for ⩾30 days. all persons were laboratory-documented as hiv-seronegative, and all were caucasian b ...201627853144
infection and inflammation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.the present study investigated the relationship between exposure to infectious agents and inflammation markers in individuals with schizophrenia (sz), bipolar disorder (bp), and controls without a psychiatric disorder. we measured plasma levels of antibodies and innate immune markers and correlated them with clinical symptoms and cognitive function. in both sz and bp, we found an increase in soluble cd14, and in bp an increase in c-reactive protein, igm class antibodies against cytomegalovirus ( ...201727856235
maternal antibodies to herpes virus antigens and risk of gastroschisis in offspring.gastroschisis risk is highest in offspring of young women and is increasing in prevalence, suggesting that exposures that are increasingly common among younger females may be causal. some infections by viruses in the herpes family are more common in the earlier childbearing years and have been increasing in prevalence over time. data from the finnish maternity cohort were linked to finnish malformation and birth registers (1987-2012) for this study, a nested case-control study of mothers of offs ...201627856447
efficient production of recombinant glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 2 in pichia pastoris and its protective efficacy against viral challenge in mice.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is the leading cause of genital ulcer disease and a significant public health concern. however, there are no approved vaccines available to prevent hsv-2 infection. the glycoprotein d (gd) of hsv-2 is the most important candidate antigen for vaccine development. in this study, a truncated form of gd (codons 1-340, gd1-340) was produced as a secretory protein in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. the recombinant gd1-340 with a his6 tag was puri ...201727868164
zika virus, hsv-2 and placenta. 201727868270
herpes simplex virus hepatitis in an immunocompetent host resembling hepatic pyogenic abscesses.herpes simplex virus (hsv) hepatitis represents a rare complication of hsv infection, which can progress to acute liver failure and, in some cases, death. we describe an immunocompetent 67-year-old male who presented with one week of fever and abdominal pain. computed tomography (ct) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the abdomen showed multiple bilobar hepatic lesions, some with rim enhancement, compatible with liver abscesses. subsequent liver biopsy, however, revealed hepatocellular ...201627872770
herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis and methotrexate medication: a fortuitous or causative association in a patient with spondyloarthritis?it is unclear whether immunosuppression is a risk factor for herpes encephalitis. herein, we describe a rare case of herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis in a patient treated with low-dose methotrexate for hla-b27-associated spondyloarthritis. the patient was successfully treated with acyclovir but presented sequelae of encephalitis. here we discuss the possible role of low-dose methotrexate therapy as a risk factor of neurological herpes reactivation and severe disease. the host-related and ...201627879484
decline in herpes simplex virus type 2 among non-injecting heroin and cocaine users in new york city, 2005 to 2014: prospects for avoiding a resurgence of human immunodeficiency virus.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection increases both susceptibility to and transmissibility of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and hsv-2 and hiv are often strongly associated in hiv epidemics. we assessed trends in hsv-2 prevalence among non-injecting drug users (nidus) when hiv prevalence declined from 16% to 8% among nidus in new york city.201727898577
herpes simplex virus specific t cell response in a cohort with primary genital infection correlates inversely with frequency of subsequent recurrences.during the last decades, a changing epidemiological pattern of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection has emerged. primary infection is now caused as often by hsv-1 as by hsv-2. once established, hsv can be reactivated leading to recurrent mucocutaneous lesions as well as meningitis. why some otherwise immune-competent individuals experience severe and frequent recurrences is not known, and the immunological mechanism underlying recurrent symptomatic hsv infection is not fully understood. ...201627903680
correction: tenofovir and emtricitabine-tenofovir preexposure prophylaxis for herpes simplex virus type 2. 201627919092
the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection in iran: a meta-analysis.seroepidemiologic studies indicate a high prevalence of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. this infection leads to ophthalmic, dermatologic, oral, neurologic, vaginal and cervical problems. different studies have been carried out to estimate the hsv seroprevalence in iran. combining the results of these studies would be useful for health policy-making.201627921084
future prospects for new vaccines against sexually transmitted infections.this review provides an update on the need, development status, and important next steps for advancing development of vaccines against sexually transmitted infections (stis), including herpes simplex virus (hsv), neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea), chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia), and treponema pallidum (syphilis).201727922851
effects of cumulative herpesviridae and toxoplasma gondii infections on cognitive function in healthy, bipolar, and schizophrenia subjects.schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are associated with cognitive impairment leading to social disruption. while previous studies have focused on the effect of individual infectious exposure, namely, herpesviridae viruses or toxoplasma gondii (t gondii), on cognitive functioning, the objective of the present study was to examine the effect of multiple infections on cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and in healthy controls.201727929612
ifn-ε protects primary macrophages against hiv infection.ifn-ε is a unique type i ifn that is not induced by pattern recognition response elements. ifn-ε is constitutively expressed in mucosal tissues, including the female genital mucosa. although the direct antiviral activity of ifn-ε was thought to be weak compared with ifn-α, ifn-ε controls chlamydia muridarum and herpes simplex virus 2 in mice, possibly through modulation of immune response. we show here that ifn-ε induces an antiviral state in human macrophages that blocks hiv-1 replication. ifn- ...201627942584
prevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infection and associated risk factors in a cohort of hiv negative women in durban, south africa.herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (stis) worldwide and is a risk factor for the acquisition and transmission of other stis, including hiv. we determined the prevalence and predictors of hsv-2 infection among women screened for a hiv prevention trial in durban, south africa. univariate and multivariate logistic and cox regression models were used to determine the correlates and predictors of hsv-2 infection at enrolment and seroconversion dur ...201627955706
oral shedding of human herpesviruses in patients undergoing radiotherapy/chemotherapy treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.opportunistic infections may affect the oral mucosa of patients undergoing radio/chemotherapy through exacerbation of oral mucositis. the aim of this study is to evaluate the oral shedding of all eight human herpesviruses and its possible association with oral mucositis.201627966015
nk cells require antigen-specific memory cd4(+) t cells to mediate superior effector functions during hsv-2 recall responses in vitro.natural killer (nk) cells have an important role in mounting protective innate responses against genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections. however their role as effectors in adaptive immune responses against hsv-2 is unclear. here, we demonstrate that nk cells from c57bl/6 mice in an ex vivo splenocyte culture produce significantly more interferon γ (ifn-γ) upon re-exposure to hsv-2 antigens in a mouse model of genital hsv-2 immunization. we find that naïve nk cells do not require ...201727974365
prevalence and predictors of human immunodeficiency virus and selected sexually transmitted infections among people who inject drugs in dar es salaam, tanzania: a new focus to get to zero.previous studies in tanzania indicated that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence among people who inject drugs (pwids) could be as high as 40%. we aim to provide data on the prevalence of hiv and sexually transmitted infection among pwids to inform national plans to get to zero.201727984553
combining different types of multifunctional liposomes loaded with ammonium bicarbonate to fabricate microneedle arrays as a vaginal mucosal vaccine adjuvant-dual delivery system (vadds).to develop effective mucosal vaccines, two types of multifunctional liposomes, the mannosylated lipid a-liposomes (mlls) with a size of 200nm and the stealth lipid a-liposomes (slls) of 50nm, both loaded with a model antigen and nh4hco3, were fabricated together into microneedles, forming the prosll/mll-constituted microneedle array (prosmma), which upon rehydration dissolved rapidly recovering the initial mlls and slls. mice vaccinated with prosmmas by vaginal mucosa patching other than convent ...201727986552
effect of pritelivir compared with valacyclovir on genital hsv-2 shedding in patients with frequent recurrences: a randomized clinical trial.current therapy of herpes infections relies on nucleoside analogues. pritelivir is a well-tolerated novel herpes simplex virus (hsv) helicase-primase inhibitor that reduced genital shedding and lesions.201627997653
serologic screening for genital herpes infection: us preventive services task force recommendation statement.genital herpes is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the united states, occurring in almost 1 in 6 persons aged 14 to 49 years. infection is caused by 2 subtypes of the herpes simplex virus (hsv), hsv-1 and hsv-2. antiviral medications may provide symptomatic relief from outbreaks but do not cure hsv infection. neonatal herpes infection, while uncommon, can result in substantial morbidity and mortality.201627997659
serologic screening for genital herpes: an updated evidence report and systematic review for the us preventive services task force.genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection. vertical transmission of hsv can lead to fetal morbidity and mortality.201627997660
pharmacokinetics of the antiviral lectin griffithsin administered by different routes indicates multiple potential uses.griffithsin (grft) is a red alga-derived lectin with demonstrated broad spectrum antiviral activity against enveloped viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (sars-cov), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2). however, its pharmacokinetic profile remains largely undefined. here, sprague dawley rats were administered a single dose of grft at 10 or 20 mg/kg by intravenous, oral, and subcutaneous routes, respectively, ...201627999325
commercial sex and risk of hiv, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus-2 among men who have sex with men in six chinese cities.men who have sex with men (msm) are at high risk of hiv and sexually transmitted infections (stis) in china and globally. engaging in commercial sex put them at even greater risk. this study estimated the prevalence of hiv/stis among three subgroups of msm: msm who sold sex (msm-selling), msm who bought sex (msm-buying), and non-commercial msm (nc-msm) and evaluated the relationship between commercial sex and hiv/stis.201628003032
performance of kalon herpes simplex virus 2 assay using dried blood spots among young women in uganda.the study evaluated the performance of the kalon hsv-2 assay on dried blood spots (dbs) of various dilutions compared with plasma from young women aged 18-24 years in uganda. we estimated the sensitivity and specificity of three dbs dilutions using plasma as the reference. all three evaluated dbs dilutions yielded low sensitivities and specificities with dbs 1:2 yielding the highest concurrence. other hsv-2 assays should be examined with regard to their utility for testing dbs.201628003966
immunohistochemistry is rarely justified for the diagnosis of viral infections.to determine the utility of immunohistochemistry (ihc) for the diagnosis of viral infections in surgical pathology specimens lacking characteristic viral cytopathic effects.201628007703
role of il-32 in hiv reactivation and its link to hiv-hsv coinfection.hsv-2 exacerbates hiv by unclear mechanisms. these studies tested the impact of hsv-2 on systemic t cell populations and hiv reservoirs.201628007920
antiviral potential and mode of action of indigofera heterantha against hsv-2 by targeting the early stages of infection.the development of antivirals against herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) has a major public health importance because of the wide spectrum of associated clinical disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised populations. even with the extensive use of acyclovir, issues such as emergence of drug resistant strains, poor oral bioavailability, and low effectiveness in recurrent infections have highlighted the requirement for alternate therapies. plants, which are rich in metabolites and active a ...201628008866
evaluation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(dl-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) electrospun fibers for the treatment of hsv-2 infection.more diverse multipurpose prevention technologies are urgently needed to provide localized, topical pre-exposure prophylaxis against sexually transmitted infections (stis). in this work, we established the foundation for a multipurpose platform, in the form of polymeric electrospun fibers (efs), to physicochemically treat herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infection. to initiate this study, we fabricated different formulations of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) and poly(dl-lactide-co-ε-caprolac ...201728024582
erratum: increased expression of herpes virus-encoded hsv1-mir-h18 and hsv2-mir-h9-5p in cancer-containing prostate tissue compared to that in benign prostate hyperplasia tissue.[this corrects the article on p. 122 in vol. 20, pmid: 27377944.].201628043100
enrichment of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) reactive mucosal t cells in the human female genital tract.local mucosal cellular immunity is critical in providing protection from hsv-2. to characterize and quantify hsv-2-reactive mucosal t cells, lymphocytes were isolated from endocervical cytobrush and biopsy specimens from 17 hsv-2-infected women and examined ex vivo for the expression of markers associated with maturation and tissue residency and for functional t-cell responses to hsv-2. compared with their circulating counterparts, cervix-derived cd4+ and cd8+ t cells were predominantly effector ...201728051084
reciprocal physical intimate partner violence is associated with prevalent sti/hiv among male tanzanian migrant workers: a cross-sectional study.physical intimate partner violence (ipv) and stis, including hiv, are highly prevalent in east africa. while we have some evidence about women's experience with physical ipv, little is known about men's experience with physical ipv, particularly in sub-saharan africa. our objective was to examine, in tanzanian male migrant plantation residents, the prevalence of, and associations among, experience and enactment of physical ipv and prevalent sti/hiv.201728052976
clinical characteristics of herpes simplex virus urethritis compared with chlamydial urethritis among men.the aim of this study was to ascertain the clinical characteristics associated with herpes simplex virus (hsv) urethritis in men and to compare those with chlamydial urethritis.201728079748
evaluation of herpes simplex virus type 2 serological tests for use with dried blood spots in kenya.we evaluated 2 assays to detect antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 in dried blood spots prepared from blood specimens submitted to a reference laboratory in kenya. dried blood spots did not perform well with the kalon herpes simplex virus type 2 assay. focus herpeselect 2 was 98.8% sensitive and 98.9% specific with dried blood spots.201728081046
association between herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 with cardiac myxoma.most cases of atrial myxoma are sporadic, and the exact etiology is unknown. we examined if herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 and hsv-2 antigens and/or dna could be detected in a cohort of iranian patients with cardiac myxomas. from july 2004 to june 2014, among a total of 36,703 patients undergoing open heart surgeries, consecutive patients with cardiac myxoma who were treated by surgical excision at our center included in this study. of 73 patients studied, 56% were female with a mean age of 54 yea ...201728081512
an interleukin 12 adjuvanted herpes simplex virus 2 dna vaccine is more protective than a glycoprotein d subunit vaccine in a high-dose murine challenge model.vaccination is a proven intervention against human viral diseases; however, success against herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) remains elusive. most hsv-2 vaccines tested in humans to date contained just one or two immunogens, such as the virion attachment receptor glycoprotein d (gd) and/or the envelope fusion protein, glycoprotein b (gb). at least three factors may have contributed to the failures of subunit-based hsv-2 vaccines. first, immune responses directed against one or two viral antigens m ...201728085634
a direct quantitative pcr-based measurement of herpes simplex virus susceptibility to antiviral drugs and neutralizing antibodies.herpes simplex viruses (hsv) are common human pathogens that can cause painful but benign manifestations and recurrent complaints, but can also cause significant morbidity and mortality on infection of the eye or brain and with disseminated infection of an immunosuppressed patient or a neonate. hsv growth inhibition measurement by plaque or yield reduction is a key task in the development of novel antiviral compounds but the manual methods are very labour intensive. the sensitive and specific pc ...201728093274
treatment-seeking behaviour and barriers to service access for sexually transmitted diseases among men who have sex with men in china: a multicentre cross-sectional survey.delayed or inappropriate treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (stds) increases the risk of hiv acquisition and may cause other harmful outcomes. however, studies on std treatment-seeking behaviour and correlated factors in men who have sex with men (msm) are scarce. this information is crucial for the promotion of std treatment-seeking behaviour and reduction of hiv transmission among chinese msm.201728095879
an hsv-2 trivalent vaccine is immunogenic in rhesus macaques and highly efficacious in guinea pigs.a genital herpes vaccine is urgently needed to prevent pain and suffering, reduce the incidence of neonatal herpes, and decrease the risk of hiv acquisition and transmission that accompanies genital infection. we evaluated a trivalent hsv-2 subunit antigen vaccine administered with cpg and alum in rhesus macaques and guinea pigs. the vaccine contains glycoproteins c, d and e (gc2, gd2, ge2) to block virus entry by gd2 and immune evasion by gc2 and ge2. in rhesus macaques, the trivalent vaccine i ...201728103319
bx-795 inhibits hsv-1 and hsv-2 replication by blocking the jnk/p38 pathways without interfering with pdk1 activity in host cells.bx-795 is an inhibitor of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (pdk1), but also a potent inhibitor of the ikk-related kinase, tankbinding kinase 1 (tbk1) and ikkɛ. in this study we attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the inhibition of bx-795 on herpes simplex virus (hsv) replication. hec-1-a or vero cells were treated with bx-795 and infected with hsv-1 or hsv-2 for different periods. bx-795 (3.125-25 μmol/l) dose-dependently suppressed hsv-2 replication, and displayed ...201728112176
[molecular detection of sexually transmitted agents in a symptomatic group of men and its relationship with sexual behavior].sexually transmitted infections (stis) affect sexual and reproductive health of millions of men. pathogens such as human papillomavirus (hpv), herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 y hsv-2), chlamydia trachomatis,mycoplasmagenitalium,mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum are associated with stis.201628112332
costing of national sti program implementation for the global sti control strategy for the health sector, 2016-2021.in 2016 the world health assembly adopted the global strategy on sexually transmitted infections (sti) 2016-2021 aiming to reduce curable stis by 90% by 2030. we costed scaling-up priority interventions to coverage targets.201728129372
ex vivo 2d and 3d hsv-2 infection model using human normal vaginal epithelial cells.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infects human genital mucosa and establishes life-long latent infection. it is unmet need to establish a human cell-based microphysiological system for virus biology and anti-viral drug discovery. one of barriers is lacking of culture system of normal epithelial cells in vitro over decades. in this study, we established human normal vaginal epithelial cell (hnvec) culture using co-culture system. hnvec cells were then propagated rapidly and stably in a defined ...201728146426
bizarre cell dysplasia of the cervix.the aim of this study was the characterization of a new subtype of high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (hsil) with enlarged cells containing bizarre nuclei: so-called bizarre cell dysplasia (bcd).201728150409
first estimates of the global and regional incidence of neonatal herpes infection.neonatal herpes is a rare but potentially devastating condition with an estimated 60% fatality rate without treatment. transmission usually occurs during delivery from mothers with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or type 2 (hsv-2) genital infection. however, the global burden has never been quantified to our knowledge. we developed a novel methodology for burden estimation and present first who global and regional estimates of the annual number of neonatal herpes cases during 2010-15.201728153513
dna vaccine encoding hpv16 oncogenes e6 and e7 induces potent cell-mediated and humoral immunity which protects in tumor challenge and drives e7-expressing skin graft rejection.we have previously shown that a novel dna vaccine technology of codon optimization and the addition of ubiquitin sequences enhanced immunogenicity of a herpes simplex virus 2 polynucleotide vaccine in mice, and induced cell-mediated immunity when administered in humans at relatively low doses of naked dna. we here show that a new polynucleotide vaccine using the same technology and encoding a fusion protein of the e6 and e7 oncogenes of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) is immunogen ...201728166181
neurotrophic factors ngf, gdnf and ntn selectively modulate hsv1 and hsv2 lytic infection and reactivation in primary adult sensory and autonomic neurons.herpes simplex viruses (hsv1 and hsv2) establish latency in peripheral ganglia after ocular or genital infection, and can reactivate to produce different patterns and frequencies of recurrent disease. previous studies showed that nerve growth factor (ngf) maintains hsv1 latency in embryonic sympathetic and sensory neurons. however, adult sensory neurons are no longer dependent on ngf for survival, some populations cease expression of ngf receptors postnatally, and the viruses preferentially esta ...201728178213
seroprevalence and co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) among pregnant women in lokoja, north-central nigeria.herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) is normally associated with orofacial (orolabial) infections and encephalitis, whereas hsv-2 usually causes genital infections and can be transmitted from infected mothers to neonates. the evidence suggesting that hsv is facilitating the spread of the global human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic and the risk posed by these synergies to neonates in developing countries informed this study.201628180012
delayed temporal lobe hemorrhage after initiation of acyclovir in an immunocompetent patient with herpes simplex virus-2 encephalitis: a case report.herpes simplex virus (hsv) is the most common cause of non-epidemic, sporadic, acute focal encephalitis in the united states. inflammation of the vasculature makes them friable and susceptible to hemorrhage. massive hemorrhage, though rare, can present in a delayed fashion after initiation of acyclovir and often requires surgical intervention. we report a unique case of delayed temporal lobe hemorrhage after initiation of acyclovir in an immunocompetent patient, specifically for its presentation ...201728191384
anti-hsv-2 activity of terminalia chebula retz extract and its constituents, chebulagic and chebulinic acids.development of new and effective therapeutics for sexually transmitted herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) infection is important from public health perspective. with an aim to identify natural products from medicinal plants, in the present study, the potential of terminalia chebula retz was investigated for its activity against hsv-2.201728196487
distinct effects of the cervicovaginal microbiota and herpes simplex type 2 infection on female genital tract immunology.genital inflammation is a key determinant of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission, and may increase hiv-susceptible target cells and alter epithelial integrity. several genital conditions that increase hiv risk are more prevalent in african, caribbean, and other black (acb) women, including bacterial vaginosis and herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) infection. therefore, we assessed the impact of the genital microbiota on mucosal immunology in acb women and microbiome-hsv-2 interactio ...201728201724
acute hiv-1 infection presenting with fulminant encephalopathy.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 directly affects the nervous system, causes distinct neurological symptoms, and indirectly results in opportunistic infections, which include herpes virus simplex (hsv)-1, hsv-2, varicella zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus encephalitis caused by immunodeficiency. early hiv-1 invasion of the central nervous system is also possible, and acute encephalopathy is a potentially lethal complication. we encountered a case of fulminant encephalopathy as a primary pres ...201728201953
hiv and sti s among men who have sex with men in dodoma municipality, tanzania: a cross-sectional study.to determine the seroprevalence of hiv, sti and related risks among men who have sex with men (msm) in dodoma municipality, tanzania.201728202736
in vitro anti-herpes simplex virus-2 activity of salvia desoleana atzei & v. picci essential oil.salvia desoleana atzei & v. picci is an indigenous species in sardinia island used in folk medicine to treat menstrual, digestive and central nervous system diseases. nowadays, it is widely cultivated for the pleasant smell of its essential oil (eo), whose antimicrobial and antifungal activities have already been screened. this study evaluated the in vitro anti-herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) activity of s. desoleana eo, fractions and main components: linalyl acetate, alpha terpinyl acetate, and ...201728207861
antitumor effects of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 against colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo.the incidence of colorectal cancer (crc) is on the rise. furthermore, late-stage diagnoses and limited efficacious treatment options make crc a complex clinical challenge. therefore, a new therapeutic regimen with a completely novel therapeutic mechanism is necessary for crc. in the present study, the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 (ohsv2) in crc was assessed in vitro and in vivo. ohsv2 is an oncolytic agent derived from herpes simplex virus type 2 that encodes gra ...201728223815
automated processing, extraction and detection of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: a comparative evaluation of three commercial platforms using clinical specimens.recently, automated platforms have been developed that can perform processing, extraction and testing for herpes simplex virus (hsv) nucleic acid on a single instrument.201728226272
prophylactic herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) vaccines adjuvanted with stable emulsion and toll-like receptor 9 agonist induce a robust hsv-2-specific cell-mediated immune response, protect against symptomatic disease, and reduce the latent viral reservoir.several prophylactic vaccines targeting hsv-2 have failed in the clinic to demonstrate a sustained depression in viral shedding or protection from recurrences. although these vaccines have generated high titers of neutralizing antibodies, their induction of robust cd8 t cells has largely been unreported, even though evidence for the importance of hsv-2 antigen-specific cd8 t cells is mounting in animal models and in translational studies involving subjects with active hsv-2-specific immune respo ...201728228587
linear multiepitope (glyco)peptides for type-specific serology of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections.detection of type-specific antibodies is an important and essential part of accurate diagnosis, even in silent carriers of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 (oral) and hsv-2 (genital) infections. serologic assays that identify hsv-1 and hsv-2 type-specific antibodies have been commercially available for more than a decade but often face problems related to cross-reactivity and similar issues. attempts to identify type-specific peptide epitopes for use in serology for both hsv-1 and hsv-2 have been li ...201728238255
lambda-interferons inhibit herpes simplex virus type 2 replication in human cervical epithelial cells through activation of jak/stat pathway.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is associated with a variety of diseases, resulting in world-wide health problems. our early study showed that lambda-interferons (ifn-λs) induced by activation of the toll-like receptors 3/ retinoic acid-inducible protein i (tlr3/rig-i) signaling pathways contribute to inhibition of hsv-2 replication in the human cervical epithelial cells. however, anti-hsv-2 mechanisms and specific differences in signaling transduction by different ifn-λs in human cervical e ...201728250263
maternal immunoreactivity to herpes simplex virus 2 and risk of autism spectrum disorder in male offspring.maternal infections during pregnancy are associated with risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (asds). proposed pathogenetic mechanisms include fetal infection, placental inflammation, and maternal cytokines or antibodies that cross the placenta. the autism birth cohort comprises mothers, fathers, and offspring recruited in norway in 1999 to 2008. through questionnaire screening, referrals, and linkages to a national patient registry, 442 mothers of children w ...201728251181
herpes simplex virus type 2 acute retinal necrosis in an immunocompetent patient.to report a case of acute retinal necrosis caused by herpes simplex virus 2 in an otherwise healthy patient.201728252688
effect of mycoplasma hominis and cytomegalovirus infection on pregnancy outcome: a prospective study of 200 mongolian women and their newborns.in mongolia, diagnostic tests for the detection of the sexually transmitted mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas, herpes simplex virus (hsv), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) are currently not routinely used in clinical settings and the frequency of these stis are enigmatic. the prevalence of these sti pathogens were prospectively evaluated among 200 mongolian pregnant women and their newborns and correlated with pregnancy outcome. taqman pcrs were used to detect bacterial and viral sti pathogens in pre-birth vagi ...201728257513
sexually transmitted infection risk among women is not fully explained by partner numbers.increased sexual partner numbers may contribute to sexually transmitted infection (sti) risk for some but not all women. this study compared women reporting having four or more partners during the preceding year (multiple partnership group) with those reporting having one partner (single partnership group) with regard to sexually risky behaviors and other modifiable predictors of sti risk. we also compared the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, her ...201728257539
recalcitrant hypertrophic herpes genitalis in hiv-infected patient successfully treated with topical imiquimod.herpes simplex virus type 2 is the primary cause of genital ulceration worldwide. the presence of atypical features like deep ulcerations, hypertrophic, or pseudotumoural lesions or unusual location can be a marker for co-infection with hiv. these immunocompromised patients are usually resistant to the conventional antiviral treatment. we present a case of an hiv-infected patient with hypertrophic herpes genitalis, refractory to conventional oral antiviral therapy, who was successfully treated w ...201728261899
inflammatory monocytes require type i interferon receptor signaling to activate nk cells via il-18 during a mucosal viral infection.the requirement of type i interferon (ifn) for natural killer (nk) cell activation in response to viral infection is known, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. here, we demonstrate that type i ifn signaling in inflammatory monocytes, but not in dendritic cells (dcs) or nk cells, is essential for nk cell function in response to a mucosal herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection. mice deficient in type i ifn signaling, ifnar(-/-) and irf9(-/-) mice, had significantly lower levels of ...201728264883
the product of the herpes simplex virus type 2 ul16 gene is critical for the egress of capsids from the nuclei of infected cells.the herpes simplex virus (hsv) ul16 gene is conserved throughout the herpesviridae and encodes a poorly understood tegument protein. the hsv-1 ul16 protein forms complexes with several viral proteins including ul11, ge, vp22 and ul21. we previously demonstrated that hsv-2 ul21 was essential for virus propagation due to the failure of dna-containing capsids to exit the nucleus. we hypothesized that if a ul16/ul21 complex were required for nuclear egress then hsv-2 lacking ul16 would have a simila ...201728275195
investigation on the association between thyroid tumorigeneses and herpesviruses.herpesviruses have been associated with various human malignancies and with thyroid autoimmunity. aiming to investigate the presence of these viruses in thyroid nodules, we analyzed serum and thyroid tissue from 183 patients (83 benign and 100 malignant thyroid nodules). we also obtained 104 normal thyroid tissues extracted from the contralateral lobe of these patients. we used elisa to screen the serology of all patients and a real-time quantitative pcr to analyze thyroid tissue viral load in a ...201728276007
establishment of multiplex solid-phase strip pcr test for detection of 24 ocular infectious disease pathogens.to establish and evaluate a new multiplex solid-phase strip polymerase chain reaction (strip pcr) for concurrent detection of common ocular infectious disease pathogens.201728282487
worldwide circulation of hsv-2 × hsv-1 recombinant strains.homo sapiens harbor two distinct, medically significant species of simplexviruses, herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 and hsv-2, with estimated divergence 6-8 million years ago (mya). unexpectedly, we found that circulating hsv-2 strains can contain hsv-1 dna segments in three distinct genes. using over 150 genital swabs from north and south america and africa, we detected recombinants worldwide. common, widely distributed gene ul39 genotypes are parsimoniously explained by an initial >457 basepair (b ...201728287142
the infectious etiology of alzheimer's disease.inflammation is a part of the first line of defense of the body against invasive pathogens, and plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration and repair. a proper inflammatory response ensures the suitable resolution of inflammation and elimination of harmful stimuli, but when the inflammatory reactions are inappropriate it can lead to damage of the surrounding normal cells. the relationship between infections and alzheimer's disease (ad) etiology, especially late-onset ad (load) has been continuo ...201728294067
apparent rarity of asymptomatic herpes cervicitis in a woman with intra-uterine contraceptive device.infection with genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) remains a common viral sexually transmitted disease, often subclinical and a major worldwide problem of women of reproductive age group. herpes cervicitis is an unusual presentation of herpes simplex virus infection in females. the finding of herpes cervicitis on routine pap smear of an asymptomatic woman on intrauterine contraceptive device still further supports the need for increased awareness on the possibility of herpes simplex virus infecti ...201328299103
antiviral activity of pha767491 against human herpes simplex virus in vitro and in vivo.herpes simplex virus (hsv) is a common human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases, including oral-labial, genital lesions and life-threatening encephalitis. the antiviral nucleoside analogues such as acyclovir are currently used in anti-hsv therapies; however, clinical overuse of these drugs has led to the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains. hence, there is an urgent need to develop new anti-hsv agents.201728320320
capacitive dna sensor for rapid and sensitive detection of whole genome human herpesvirus-1 dsdna in serum.this work presents a rapid, highly sensitive, low-cost, and specific capacitive dna sensor for detection of whole genome human herpesvirus-1 dna. this sensor is capable of direct dna detection with a response time of 30 s, and it can be used to test standard buffer or serum samples. the sensing approach for dna detection is based on alternating current (ac) electrokinetics. by applying an inhomogeneous ac electric field on sensor electrodes, positive dielectrophoresis is induced to accelerate dn ...201728328089
therapeutic vaccine for genital herpes simplex virus-2 infection: findings from a randomized trial.genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection causes recurrent lesions and frequent viral shedding. gen-003 is a candidate therapeutic vaccine containing hsv-2 gd2δtmr and icp4.2, and matrix-m2 adjuvant.201728329211
peptides derived from glycoproteins h and b of herpes simplex virus type 1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 are capable of blocking herpetic infection in vitro.the aim of this study was to design peptides derived from glycoproteins h (gh) and b (gb) of herpes simplex viruses type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) with the potential to block herpetic infection and to evaluate their ability to inhibit hsv-1 and hsv-2 infection in vitro.201728329739
comparison of commercial methods of immunoblot, elisa, and chemiluminescent immunoassay for detecting type-specific herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2 igg.serology for type-specific herpes simplex virus (hsv) is based on the use of the respective glycoprotein g (gg).201728332725
genital herpes: insights into sexually transmitted infectious disease.etiology, transmission and protection: herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) is a leading cause of sexually transmitted infections with recurring manifestations throughout the lifetime of infected hosts. currently no effective vaccines or prophylactics exist that provide complete protection or immunity from the virus, which is endemic throughout the world. pathology/symptomatology: primary and recurrent infections result in lesions and inflammation around the genital area and the latter accounts for ma ...201628357380
prevalence of neurotropic viruses in malignant glioma and their onco-modulatory potential.the association between infectious agents and tumour aetiology is relevant in about 20% of cases.201728358704
ancient recombination events between human herpes simplex viruses.herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) are seen as close relatives but also unambiguously considered as evolutionary independent units. here, we sequenced the genomes of 18 hsv-2 isolates characterized by divergent ul30 gene sequences to further elucidate the evolutionary history of this virus. surprisingly, genome-wide recombination analyses showed that all hsv-2 genomes sequenced to date contain hsv-1 fragments. using phylogenomic analyses, we could also show that two main hsv-2 line ...201728369565
diclofenac-based hydrazones and spirothiazolidinones: synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties.we report here the synthesis, structural characterization, and biological evaluation of novel diclofenac-based hydrazone (4a-f) and spirothiazolidinone (5a-f, 6a-f) derivatives designed as potential antimicrobial agents. the compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antiviral activity against a wide spectrum of dna and rna viruses. they were further screened in vitro against different strains of bacteria and fungi. the hydrazone derivatives, 4a and 4c-f, were found to be active against herpesv ...201728370198
leflunomide in the treatment of a pseudotumoral genital herpes simplex virus infection in an hiv patient.the patient is a 52-year-old african american man with a past medical history of hiv infection (on antiretroviral therapy, cd4 count 399 cells/µl, and undetectable hiv viral load) and recurrent genital herpes. while on valacyclovir, the patient presented with four tumorous lesions on the perineum and scrotum. a biopsy specimen stained positively with hsv-1 and hsv-2 immunostains and displayed a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. the patient received foscarnet and imiquimod for two weeks with minimal ...201728373917
atypical herpetic whitlow: a diagnosis to consider.herpetic whitlow is caused by herpes virus (type1 or 2) during primary infection or as result of autoinoculation. commonly, it is caused by hsv-2 in adults with positive history for genital infection. we report a rare case of herpetic whitlow that should be kept in mind by physicians in recurrent cases of fingers infection. advanced diagnostic techniques as pcr are required to help clinicians to achieve a definite diagnosis and to choose the right treatment.201728376707
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