Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| national institute of allergy and infectious disease (niaid) funding for studies of hospital-associated bacterial pathogens: are funds proportionate to burden of disease? | 2012 | 22958856 | |
| in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a range of probiotics against pathogens: evidence for the effects of organic acids. | the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of fifteen selected strains belonging to the lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, lactococcus, streptococcus and bacillus genera against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. in vitro antibacterial activity was initially investigated by an agar spot method. results from the agar spot test showed that most of the selected strains were able to produce active compounds on solid media with antagonistic properties against ... | 2012 | 22959627 |
| epidemiology and healthcare costs of incident clostridium difficile infections identified in the outpatient healthcare setting. | to describe the epidemiology and healthcare costs of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) identified in the outpatient setting. | 2012 | 22961023 |
| daily disinfection of high-touch surfaces in isolation rooms to reduce contamination of healthcare workers' hands. | in a randomized nonblinded trial, we demonstrated that daily disinfection of high-touch surfaces in rooms of patients with clostridium difficile infection and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization reduced acquisition of the pathogens on hands after contacting high-touch surfaces and reduced contamination of hands of healthcare workers caring for the patients. | 2012 | 22961024 |
| the impact of infection on population health: results of the ontario burden of infectious diseases study. | evidence-based priority setting is increasingly important for rationally distributing scarce health resources and for guiding future health research. we sought to quantify the contribution of a wide range of infectious diseases to the overall infectious disease burden in a high-income setting. | 2012 | 22962601 |
| reducing adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors. | proton pump inhibitors effectively treat gastroesophageal reflux disease, erosive esophagitis, duodenal ulcers, and pathologic hypersecretory conditions. proton pump inhibitors cause few adverse effects with short-term use; however, long-term use has been scrutinized for appropriateness, drug-drug interactions, and the potential for adverse effects (e.g., hip fractures, cardiac events, iron deficiency, clostridium difficile infection, pneumonia). adults 65 years and older are more vulnerable to ... | 2012 | 22962914 |
| a first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending oral dose study to assess the safety and tolerability of lff571 in healthy volunteers. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea. lff571 is a novel inhibitor of the prokaryotic translation elongation factor tu and is active against a range of bacterial species, including c. difficile. this first-in-human study investigated the safety and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending oral doses of lff571 in healthy subjects. this was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. except for one cohort, lff571 was given with a hig ... | 2012 | 22964250 |
| evaluation of nvb302 versus vancomycin activity in an in vitro human gut model of clostridium difficile infection. | first-line treatment options for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) are limited. nvb302 is a novel type b lantibiotic under evaluation for the treatment of cdi. we compared the responses to nvb302 and vancomycin when used to treat simulated cdi in an in vitro gut model. | 2013 | 22966180 |
| rifaximin therapy and hepatic encephalopathy: pros and cons. | hepatic encephalopathy (he) is the second most common major complication in cirrhotics and it significantly impacts quality of life. therapeutic approaches for he treatment and prevention mainly continue to rely on ammonia-lowering strategies and non-absorbable disaccharides are currently considered the cornerstone therapy. non-absorbable antibiotics, such as neomycin and paramomycin, are effective in treatment of acute he episodes but their prolonged use for recurrence prevention is hampered by ... | 2012 | 22966484 |
| proton pump inhibitors are associated with a high rate of serious infections in veterans with decompensated cirrhosis. | there is increasing evidence that proton pump inhibitors (ppis) increase the rate of infections in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. | 2012 | 22966967 |
| comparison of bacterial quantities in left and right colon biopsies and faeces. | to compare quantities of predominant and pathogenic bacteria in mucosal and faecal samples. | 2012 | 22969206 |
| in vivo detection of mucosal healing-involved histiocytes by confocal laser endomicroscopy. | histiocytes have a pivotal role in wound repair and intestinal epithelial recovery - the most important goal to sustain gut functionality. yet, an in vivo description of colonic histiocytes by confocal laser endomicroscopy (cle) is missing. here, we report the case of a 45-years-old male patient who was referred to our clinic with weight loss and a history of two consecutive clostridium difficile colitis episodes, the latter cured 3 wk before present admission. stool microbiology was negative. c ... | 2012 | 22969212 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes following emergency surgery for clostridium difficile colitis. | only a small proportion of patients with severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi) undergo emergency surgery, the timing and nature of which is unclear. the aim of this study was to describe the operations performed and to identify factors predictive of death following emergency surgery for cdi. | 2012 | 22972525 |
| clostridium difficile ribotype does not predict severe infection. | studies of clostridium difficile outbreaks suggested that certain ribotypes (eg, 027 and 078) cause more severe disease than other ribotypes. a growing number of studies challenge the validity of this hypothesis. | 2012 | 22972866 |
| knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding clostridium difficile: a survey of physicians in an academic medical center. | using current guidelines, we surveyed physicians at our hospital to ascertain knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding clostridium difficile infection. the survey identified significant gaps in knowledge and practice. infection control professionals should include physician education on clostridium difficile infection diagnosis, isolation precautions, and treatment as part of a comprehensive control program. | 2013 | 22981165 |
| rapid detection of sequence variation in clostridium difficile genes using late-pcr with multiple mismatch-tolerant hybridization probes. | a novel molecular assay for clostridium difficile was developed using linear-after-the-exponential polymerase chain reaction (late-pcr). single-stranded dna products generated by late-pcr were detected and distinguished by hybridization to fluorescent mismatch-tolerant probes, as the temperature was lowered after amplification in 5(°)c intervals between 65°c and 25°c. single-tube multiplex reactions for tcda, tcdb, tcdc, and cdtb (binary toxin) sequences were initially optimized using synthetic ... | 2012 | 22982259 |
| novel high-molecular-weight, r-type bacteriocins of clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile causes one of the leading nosocomial infections in developed countries, and therapeutic choices are limited. some strains of c. difficile produce phage tail-like particles upon induction of the sos response. these particles have bactericidal activity against other c. difficile strains and can therefore be classified as bacteriocins, similar to the r-type pyocins of pseudomonas aeruginosa. these r-type bacteriocin particles, which have been purified from different strains, e ... | 2012 | 22984261 |
| development of a consensus method for culture of clostridium difficile from meat and its use in a survey of u.s. retail meats. | three previously described methods for culture of clostridium difficile from meats were evaluated by microbiologists with experience in c. difficile culture and identification. a consensus protocol using bhi broth enrichment followed by ethanol shock and plating to selective and non-selective media was selected for use, and all participating laboratories received hands-on training in the use of this method prior to study initiation. retail meat products (n = 1755) were cultured for c. difficile ... | 2012 | 22986214 |
| collateral impact of a hospital outbreak of clostridium difficile: an unrecognized surge event requiring a system-level response. | this paper discusses a unique surge event caused by an outbreak of clostridium difficile, resulting not from an increase in the demands on the healthcare system but, rather, from a substantial decrease in the capacity to provide care when the medical capacity in the facility was decreased by 50% due to bed closures. approaches to managing the situation using the staff, stuff and space paradigm are presented as strategies to prevent future adverse medical events. | 2012 | 22986569 |
| global transcriptional control by glucose and carbon regulator ccpa in clostridium difficile. | the catabolite control protein ccpa is a pleiotropic regulator that mediates the global transcriptional response to rapidly catabolizable carbohydrates, like glucose in gram-positive bacteria. by whole transcriptome analyses, we characterized glucose-dependent and ccpa-dependent gene regulation in clostridium difficile. about 18% of all c. difficile genes are regulated by glucose, for which 50% depend on ccpa for regulation. the ccpa regulon comprises genes involved in sugar uptake, fermentation ... | 2012 | 22989714 |
| clostridium difficile colitis: review of the therapeutic approach. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated and nosocomial infectious diarrhea. presenting as clostridium difficile colitis, it is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. metronidazole is regarded as the agent of choice for cdl therapy and also for the first recurrence in most patients with mild to moderate cdi. vancomycin is recommended as an initial therapy for patients with severe cdi. with recent food and drug administration-approval fidaxomici ... | 2016 | 22990077 |
| electronic screening of patients for predisposition to clostridium difficile infection in a community hospital. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. early diagnosis, contact precautions, and prompt therapy are crucial to the control of the disease and its spread. this study aims to develop an electronic screening tool to help identify patients who are at risk of cdi. | 2013 | 22990298 |
| patient attitudes toward the use of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), a safe, effective alternative therapy for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi), is infrequently used, in part because of an assumption that patients are unwilling to consider fmt because of its unappealing nature. | 2012 | 22990849 |
| electrospray ionization-induced protein unfolding. | electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms) measurements were performed under a variety of solution conditions on a highly acidic sub-fragment (b3c) of the c-terminal carbohydrate-binding repeat region of clostridium difficile toxin b, and two mutants (b4a and b4b) containing fewer acidic residues. esi-ms measurements performed in negative ion mode on aqueous ammonium acetate solutions of b3c at low ionic strength (i < 80 mm) revealed evidence, based on the measured charge state distribut ... | 2012 | 22993046 |
| severe anaphylaxis caused by orally administered vancomycin to a patient with clostridium difficile infection. | we report the first case of anaphylaxis to oral vancomycin in a cystic fibrosis patient with severe and relapsing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) refractory to metronidazole. the patient's colitis has been successfully treated with a combination of intravenous metronidazole and tigecycline. | 2013 | 22996384 |
| comparison of antigen and two molecular methods for the detection of clostridium difficile toxins. | clostridium difficile (cd) is considered an important cause of diarrhoea associated with the antimicrobial treatment of infections. the pathogenicity of cd is due to toxins a and b, produced by toxigenic cd strains. | 2013 | 22998479 |
| the impact of mechanical bowel preparation on postoperative complications for patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion. | the benefit of routine mechanical bowel preparation for patients undergoing radical cystectomy is not well established. we compared postoperative complications in patients who did or did not undergo mechanical bowel preparation before radical cystectomy. | 2012 | 22999697 |
| different antibiotic resistance and sporulation properties within multiclonal clostridium difficile pcr ribotypes 078, 126, and 033 in a single calf farm. | clostridium difficile strains were sampled periodically from 50 animals at a single veal calf farm over a period of 6 months. at arrival, 10% of animals were c. difficile positive, and the peak incidence was determined to occur at the age of 18 days (16%). the prevalence then decreased, and at slaughter, c. difficile could not be isolated. six different pcr ribotypes were detected, and strains within a single pcr ribotype could be differentiated further by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) ... | 2012 | 23001653 |
| [adverse events associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors]. | proton pump inhibitors (ppi) remain the leading therapy for acid-related disorders. long-term ppi use increases the risk of pneumonia and enteric bacterial infections and of nosocomial clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. ppis do not lead to vitamin b12 or iron deficiencies and do not induce malignancies or increase the risk of major birth defects. prolonged ppi use may be a weak risk factor for certain fractures and results in hypergastrinaemia and parietal cell hyperplasia leading to re ... | 2012 | 23006222 |
| ppi therapy and albumin are better predictors of recurrent clostridium difficile colitis than choice of antibiotics. | recurrent clostridium difficile colitis (rcdc) is common, but data regarding recurrence rates and predisposing factors are sparse. | 2012 | 23007285 |
| outcomes in patients tested for clostridium difficile toxins. | clostridium difficile testing is shifting from toxin detection to c. difficile detection. yet, up to 60% of patients with c. difficile by culture test negative for toxins and it is unclear whether they are infected or carriers. we reviewed medical records for 7046 inpatients with a c. difficile toxin test from 2005 to 2009 to determine the duration of diarrhea and rate of complications and mortality among toxin-positive (toxin+) and toxin- patients. overall, toxin- patients had less severe diarr ... | 2012 | 23009731 |
| a pilot randomised controlled trial in intensive care patients comparing 7 days' treatment with empirical antibiotics with 2 days' treatment for hospital-acquired infection of unknown origin. | management of cardiac intensive care unit (icu) sepsis is complicated by the high incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which mimics sepsis but without an infective cause. this pilot randomised trial investigated whether or not, in the icu, 48 hours of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment was adequate to safely treat suspected sepsis of unknown and unproven origin and also the predictive power of newer biomarkers of sepsis. | 2012 | 23010339 |
| proton pump inhibitors: potential adverse effects. | this review summarizes adverse effects of potential proton pump inhibitors (ppis), including nutritional deficiencies (b12 and magnesium), rebound acid hypersecretion, acute interstitial nephritis, gastric carcinoid tumor, cardiovascular risk with clopidogrel and ppi coprescription, bone fractures, enteric infections and pneumonia. an epidemiologic framework is applied to assess clinical relevance and reinforce best practice recommendations. | 2012 | 23010681 |
| unnecessary repeat clostridium difficile pcr testing in hospitalized adults with c. difficile-negative diarrhea. | the aim of this study was to determine the extent and associated costs of repeat clostridium difficile stool polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays in patients with initially negative pcrs. c. difficile stool pcrs were done on adult hospitalized patients with diarrhea. the number/time course of repeat pcrs on initially negative pcr patients was determined. of 5,027 c. difficile stool pcrs, 814 (16.2 %) were positive and 4,213 (83.8 %) were negative. ninety-seven of the initially pcr-negative pat ... | 2013 | 23010903 |
| impact of the type of diagnostic assay on clostridium difficile infection and complication rates in a mandatory reporting program. | most clostridium difficile infection (cdi) surveillance programs neither specify the diagnostic method to be used nor stratify rates accordingly. we assessed the difference in healthcare-associated cdi (ha-cdi) incidence and complication rates obtained by 2 validated diagnostic methods. | 2013 | 23011147 |
| multicenter clinical evaluation of the portrait toxigenic c. difficile assay for detection of toxigenic clostridium difficile strains in clinical stool specimens. | we compared the portrait toxigenic c. difficile assay, a new semiautomated sample-to-result molecular test, to a toxigenic bacterial culture/cell cytotoxin neutralization assay (tbc/ccna) for the detection of toxigenic clostridium difficile in 549 stool specimens. stool specimens were also tested by one of three alternative fda-cleared molecular tests for toxigenic c. difficile (xpert c. difficile, illumigene c. difficile, or geneohm cdiff). the sensitivities and specificities of the molecular t ... | 2012 | 23015667 |
| attributing cause of death for patients with clostridium difficile infection. | 2012 | 23017180 | |
| clostridium difficile clinical isolates exhibit variable susceptibility and proteome alterations upon exposure to mammalian cationic antimicrobial peptides. | clostridium difficile is a leading cause of hospital-acquired bacterial infections in the united states, and the increased incidence of recurrent c. difficile infections is particularly problematic. the molecular mechanisms of c. difficile colonization, including its ability to evade host innate immune responses, is poorly understood. we hypothesized that epidemic-associated c. difficile clinical isolates would exhibit increased resistance to mammalian, gut-associated, cationic antimicrobial pep ... | 2012 | 23017940 |
| [epidemiology, diagnosis, complications and surgery in inflammatory bowel disease]. | in digestive disease week 2012, held in san diego, numerous studies were presented on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. some of these studies were population-based, providing greater information on known risk factors and helping to eliminate proposed risk factors for which there is no known evidence. in this meeting, special attention was paid to the natural history of the disease as well as surgery in patients aged more than 65 years old who should clearly be treated as a separate ... | 2012 | 23018008 |
| modification of plant rac/rop gtpase signalling using bacterial toxin transgenes. | bacterial protein toxins which modify rho gtpase are useful for the analysis of rho signalling in animal cells, but these toxins cannot be taken up by plant cells. we demonstrate in vitro deamidation of arabidopsis rop4 by escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) and glucosylation by clostridium difficile toxin b. expression of the catalytic domain of cnf1 caused modification and activation of co-expressed arabidopsis rop4 gtpase in tobacco leaves, resulting in hypersensitive-like ... | 2013 | 23020817 |
| the burden of clostridium difficile-associated disease following digestive tract surgery in japan. | although surgery is considered a risk for clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad), large-scale data on outcomes of postsurgical cdad are rare. | 2012 | 23021129 |
| associations between nosocomial meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and nosocomial clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in 89 german hospitals. | clostridium difficile is mainly considered as a hospital-acquired pathogen causing diarrhoea in healthcare settings. | 2012 | 23021304 |
| wide variation in adoption of screening and infection control interventions for multidrug-resistant organisms: a national study. | we performed a survey of national healthcare safety network hospitals in 2008 to describe adoption of screening and infection control policies aimed at multidrug-resistant organisms (mdro) in intensive care units (icus) and identify predictors of their presence, monitoring, and implementation. | 2012 | 23021413 |
| results from the second scottish national prevalence survey: the changing epidemiology of healthcare-associated infection in scotland. | healthcare-associated infections (hais) are a recognized public health problem worldwide. point prevalence surveys (ppss) can be used to measure the burden of all hai types. | 2012 | 23022370 |
| the utility of repeat enzyme immunoassay testing for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review of the literature. | over the last 20 years, the prevalence of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile (c. diff) disease has increased. while multiple tests are available for the diagnosis of c. diff infection, enzyme immunoassay (eia) testing for toxin is the most used. repeat eia testing, although of limited utility, is common in medical practice. to assess the utility of repeat eia testing to diagnose c. diff infections. systematic literature review. eligible studies performed >1 eia test for c. diff toxin an ... | 2015 | 23023352 |
| fidaxomicin "chaser" regimen following vancomycin for patients with multiple clostridium difficile recurrences. | 2013 | 23024296 | |
| duexis(®) (ibuprofen 800 mg, famotidine 26.6 mg): a new approach to gastroprotection for patients with chronic pain and inflammation who require treatment with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. | chronic pain conditions affect at least 116 million us adults and more than one-third of adults worldwide. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are used extensively for the treatment of chronic pain due to their efficacy as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. gastrointestinal toxicity is the most well known adverse effect of nsaid therapy and it may manifest as dyspepsia, ulcers, or bleeding. current guidelines for the management of patients who require nsaids for chronic pain and i ... | 2012 | 23024710 |
| the role of acute care surgery in the treatment of severe, complicated clostridium difficile-associated disease. | clostridium difficile associated disease (cdad) is the result of colonic bacterial overgrowth with this gram positive anaerobic organism and the production of toxins that typically induce diarrhea. most patients with cdad respond to treatment with oral metronidazole or vancomycin, but a subset of patients will develop a severe systemic illness, multiple organ failure, and death. there are no reliable combinations of clinical or laboratory findings that will distinguish patients who will respond ... | 2012 | 23026914 |
| c-reactive protein is a useful predictor of metronidazole treatment failure in mild-to-moderate clostridium difficile infection. | to assess the ability of c-reactive (crp) protein, against the other commonly used metrics, to predict metronidazole treatment failure in clostridium difficile infection. | 2013 | 23026925 |
| icesp1116, the genetic element responsible for erm(b)-mediated, inducible resistance to erythromycin in streptococcus pyogenes. | icesp1116, responsible for erm(b)-mediated, inducible erythromycin resistance in streptococcus pyogenes, was comprehensively characterized, and its chromosomal integration site was determined. it displayed a unique mosaic organization consisting of a scaffold, related to tngallo1 from streptococcus gallolyticus, with two inserted fragments separated by is1216. one fragment, containing erm(b), displayed high-level identity to a portion of the s. pyogenes plasmid psm19035; the other, containing a ... | 2012 | 23027190 |
| temporal differential proteomes of clostridium difficile in the pig ileal-ligated loop model. | the impact of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) on healthcare is becoming increasingly recognized as it represents a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. a rising number of cdi cases and outbreaks have been reported worldwide. here, we developed the pig ileal-ligated loop model for semi-quantitative analysis comparing temporal differential proteomes in c. difficile following in vivo incubation with in vitro growth using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (itraq). proteins ... | 2012 | 23029131 |
| ribotyping of clostridium difficile strains associated with nosocomial transmission and relapses in a swedish county. | clostridium difficile is an emerging threat in hospital environments. to analyse possible transmission and to distinguish between relapse and reinfection a collection of c. difficile isolates, sampled from 162 consecutive episodes of c. difficile infection, were pcr ribotyped. two ribotypes (001 and 012) were prone to cause nosocomial acquisition. moreover, ribotype 001 had a tendency to cause relapses as almost one in two patients with this ribotype had one or more relapses. by using pcr riboty ... | 2013 | 23030627 |
| proton pump inhibitor use and association with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. | to evaluate the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors (ppis) when they are used in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. | 2012 | 23032651 |
| the microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease: is there a therapeutic role for fecal microbiota transplantation? | one hypothesis for the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease is that an altered or pathogenic microbiota causes inflammation in a genetically susceptible individual. understanding the microbiota's role in the pathogenesis of the disease could lead to new ibd treatments aimed at shifting the bacteria in the gut back to eubiosis. probiotics have some efficacy in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (uc), but our current repertoire is limited in potency. fecal microbiota therapy (fmt) is an emergin ... | 2012 | 23034604 |
| clostridium difficile-associated infection: a disease of varying severity. | clostridium difficile-associated infection (cdi) can have varying severity from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant colitis. its incidence and virulence in north america are increasing. the increase in virulence is associated with emergence of the highly toxigenic north american pulsed field gel electrophoresis-1 strain. the major risk factor for cdi is exposure to antibiotics. another major risk factor is hospitalization. the spectrum of cdi ranges from asymptomatic carriers to fulminant disease ... | 2012 | 23036604 |
| prebiotics, probiotics and digestive health. | the human gastrointestinal lumen is inhabited by a wide variety of microbiota. our understanding of the intestinal microbiota and its full consequences on gastrointestinal health is still evolving. however, it is well accepted that altered colonic flora drives the pathogenesis of many disorders and diseases as seen in antibiotic-associated diarrhea and clostridium difficile infection. recent works published in the area of probiotics are reviewed here. | 2012 | 23037903 |
| outcome of clostridium difficile-associated disease in solid organ transplant recipients: a prospective and multicentre cohort study. | clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea. information about cdad in solid organ transplant (sot) recipients is scarce. to determine its epidemiology and risk factors, we conducted a cohort study in which 4472 sot patients were prospectively included in the resitra/reipi (spanish research network for the study of infection in transplantation) database between july 2003 and july 2006. forty-two episodes of cdad were diagnosed in 36 patients. t ... | 2012 | 23039822 |
| clinical impact of switching conventional enzyme immunoassay with nucleic acid amplification test for suspected clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | the impact of a new clostridium difficile nucleic acid amplification test (naat) on antibiotic utilization in patients with suspected c difficile infection was assessed. this single-center, cross-sectional study of 270 patients demonstrated that the use of naat decreased antibiotic expenditure by reducing prolonged empiric days of therapy in these patients. | 2013 | 23040489 |
| alkaline detergent combined with a routine ward bedpan washer disinfector cycle eradicates clostridium difficile spores from the surface of plastic bedpans. | the cleaning efficiency of a ward bedpan washer disinfector was evaluated using various cycle parameters and detergent to determine which conditions could effectively eliminate clostridium difficile spores from the surface of bedpans. results revealed that the regular intensive cycle with thermal conditions of 85°c for 60 seconds plus the addition of an alkaline detergent was sufficient to eradicate c difficile spores. however, these thermal conditions alone, without detergent, were not adequate ... | 2013 | 23040603 |
| clostridium difficile in young farm animals and slaughter animals in belgium. | faecal carriage of clostridium difficile in healthy animals has been reported recently, especially in piglets and calves. however there is limited data about carriage in animals just prior to slaughter in europe. the main objective of this study was to determine the presence of c. difficile in pigs and cattle at the slaughterhouse. c. difficile was isolated in 6.9% of the cattle at the slaughterhouse. none of the pig slaughter samples were positive for c. difficile after an enrichment time of 72 ... | 2012 | 23041559 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: past, present and future. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) re-establishes a balanced intestinal flora with resultant cure of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi). fmt has also been used to treat other gastrointestinal (gi) diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), and chronic constipation and a variety of non-gi disorders. the purpose of this review is to discuss the intestinal microbiota and fmt treatment of gi and non-gi diseases. | 2013 | 23041678 |
| equal efficacy of glucoprotamin and an aldehyde product for environmental disinfection in a hematologic transplant unit: a prospective crossover trial. | the inanimate hospital environment has emerged as an important reservoir of nosocomial pathogens. in particular, multidrug-resistant pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter species, and clostridium difficile, play a major role in the transmission of hospital-acquired infections. in europe, aldehydes, chlorine, and quaternary ammonium compounds have been commonly used for environmental disinfection. glucoprotamin, a newer active compound for disinfectants, ha ... | 2012 | 23041803 |
| effect of hospital-wide chlorhexidine patient bathing on healthcare-associated infections. | chlorhexidine gluconate (chg) bathing has been used primarily in critical care to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections and infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms. the objective was to determine the effect of hospital-wide chg patient bathing on healthcare-associated infections (hais). | 2012 | 23041806 |
| empirical antimicrobial prescriptions in patients with clostridium difficile infection at hospital admission and impact on clinical outcome. | to determine, among patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) at hospital admission, the impact of concurrent use of systemic, non-cdi-related antimicrobials on clinical outcomes and the risk factors associated with unnecessary antimicrobial prescribing. | 2012 | 23041807 |
| burden of clostridium difficile infection in long-term care facilities in monroe county, new york. | long-term care facility (ltcf) residents are at increased risk of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). however, little is known about the incidence, recurrence, and severity of cdi in ltcfs or the extent to which acute care exposure contributes to cdi in ltcfs. we describe the epidemiology of cdi in a cohort of ltcf residents in monroe county, new york, where recent estimates suggest a cdi incidence in hospitals of 9.2 cases per 10,000 patient-days. | 2012 | 23041808 |
| hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection rates in persons with cancer or hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a c3ic network report. | a multicenter survey of 11 cancer centers was performed to determine the rate of hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection (ho-cdi) and surveillance practices. pooled rates of ho-cdi in patients with cancer were twice the rates reported for all us patients (15.8 vs 7.4 per 10,000 patient-days). rates were elevated regardless of diagnostic test used. | 2012 | 23041818 |
| does candida species overgrowth protect against clostridium difficile infection? | 2013 | 23042967 | |
| an evaluation of environmental decontamination with hydrogen peroxide vapor for reducing the risk of patient acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms. | admission to a room previously occupied by a patient with certain multidrug-resistant organisms (mdros) increases the risk of acquisition. traditional cleaning strategies do not remove all environmental mdros. we evaluated the environmental and clinical impact of hydrogen peroxide vapor (hpv) room disinfection. | 2013 | 23042972 |
| implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program on the medical-surgical service of a 100-bed community hospital. | 2012 | 23043720 | |
| contribution of adenosine a(2b) receptors in clostridium difficile intoxication and infection. | clostridium difficile toxins a (tcda) and b (tcdb) induce a pronounced systemic and intestinal inflammatory response. a(2b) adenosine receptors (a(2b)ars) are the predominant adenosine receptors in the intestinal epithelium. we investigated whether a(2b)ars are upregulated in human intestinal cells by tcda or tcdb and whether blockade of a(2b)ars can ameliorate c. difficile tcda-induced enteritis and alter the outcome of c. difficile infection (cdi). adenosine receptor subtype (a(1), a(2a), a(2b ... | 2012 | 23045479 |
| intrarectal instillation of clostridium difficile toxin a triggers colonic inflammation and tissue damage: development of a novel and efficient mouse model of clostridium difficile toxin exposure. | clostridium difficile, a major cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea, triggers disease through the release of two toxins, toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb). these toxins disrupt the cytoskeleton of the intestinal epithelial cell, increasing intestinal permeability and triggering the release of inflammatory mediators resulting in intestinal injury and inflammation. the most prevalent animal model to study tcda/tcdb-induced intestinal injury involves injecting toxin into the lumen of a surgically ge ... | 2012 | 23045481 |
| recent changes in clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea. diarrhea associated with c. difficile has increased incidence, morbidity, and mortality in the last few years. the major related risk factors include use of antibiotics, elderly patients and prolonged hospital stay. many patients receive combinations of antibiotics or multiple antibiotics, which represents the main risk to develop diarrhea associated to c. difficile or its recurrence. therefore, interventions to improve antibiotic p ... | 2012 | 23045838 |
| [clostridium difficile associated diarrhea: reliable therapy with vancomycin capsules]. | 2012 | 23045940 | |
| activity of the thiopeptide antibiotic nosiheptide against contemporary strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | the rapid rise in antimicrobial resistance in bacteria has generated an increased demand for the development of novel therapies to treat contemporary infections, especially those caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). however, antimicrobial development has been largely abandoned by the pharmaceutical industry. we recently isolated the previously described thiopeptide antibiotic nosiheptide from a marine actinomycete strain and evaluated its activity against contemporary cl ... | 2012 | 23047246 |
| stability of vancomycin in syrspend sf. | vancomycin is administered orally for the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis induced by clostridium difficile. vancomycin is marketed for this purpose by viropharma as vancocin in 125-mg and 250-mg capsules. the need for other dose form options for those patients who cannot take capsules has led compounding pharmacies to seek other alternatives, namely oral solutions and suspensions. additionally, some patients are unable to use suspending agents containing alcohol or sorbitol. the objective ... | 2013 | 23050329 |
| association of relapse of clostridium difficile disease with bi/nap1/027. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) occurs in up to 35% of patients. recurrences can be due to either relapse with the same strain or reinfection with another strain. in this study, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) was performed on c. difficile isolates from patients with recurrent cdi to distinguish relapse from reinfection. in addition, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with relapse. among patients with a ... | 2012 | 23052318 |
| evaluation of clostridium difficile fecal load and limit of detection during a prospective comparison of two molecular tests, the illumigene c. difficile and xpert c. difficile/epi tests. | in a large prospective comparison, the illumigene test detected clostridium difficile in 98% of toxin-positive and 58% of toxin-negative samples confirmed positive by other methods. the xpert was uniformly sensitive. most samples with discrepant results had c. difficile concentrations below the illumigene limit of detection. the significance of low-level c. difficile detection needs investigation. | 2013 | 23052320 |
| clostridium difficile: changing epidemiology, treatment and infection prevention measures. | clostridium difficile was first reported as a cause of antibiotic-associated colitis in 1978. in more recent years we have witnessed disturbing trends associated with c. difficile infection (cdi). cdi has become more common, affecting populations previously considered at low risk, more severe with an associated increase in mortality, and more difficult to treat with some patients experiencing multiple relapses and a reduced responsiveness to previously effective antibiotics. these trends have be ... | 2012 | 23054932 |
| diagnosis of clostridium difficile-associated disease: examination of multiple algorithms using toxin eia, glutamate dehydrogenase eia and loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | the laboratory diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) needs to be accurate and timely to ensure optimal patient management, infection control and reliable surveillance. three methods are evaluated using 810 consecutive stool samples against toxigenic culture: cdt tox a/b premier enzyme immunoassay (eia) kit (meridian bioscience, europe), premier eia for c. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) (meridian bioscience, europe) and the illumigene kit (meridian bioscience, europe), both ... | 2012 | 23057158 |
| clostridium difficile postantibiotic diarrhoea diagnosis. | to study the frequency of clostridium difficile in postantibiotic diarrhoea in patients admitted to the medical ward of a secondary care hospital. | 2012 | 23058147 |
| acute kidney injury is an independent marker of severity in clostridium difficile infection: a nationwide survey. | to examine clinical outcomes in hospitalized clostridium difficile infection (cdi) patients with acute kidney injury (aki) using the national hospital discharge survey for 2005 to 2009. | 2013 | 23059411 |
| impact of clostridium difficile colitis on 5-year health outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis. | clostridium difficile colitis (cdc) is associated with an increased short-term mortality risk in hospitalised ulcerative colitis (uc) patients. we sought to determine whether cdc also impacts long-term risks of adverse health events in this population. | 2012 | 23061526 |
| aminoacyl-trna synthetase inhibitors as antimicrobial agents: a patent review from 2006 till present. | aminoacyl-trna synthetases (aarss) are one of the leading targets for development of antimicrobial agents. although these enzymes are well conserved among prokaryotes, significant divergence has occurred between prokaryotic and eukaryotic aarss, which can be exploited in the discovery of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. although several aars inhibitors have been reported before, they failed as a result of poor selectivity and limited cell penetration. | 2012 | 23062029 |
| succession in the gut microbiome following antibiotic and antibody therapies for clostridium difficile. | antibiotic disruption of the intestinal microbiota may cause susceptibility to pathogens that is resolved by progressive bacterial outgrowth and colonization. succession is central to ecological theory but not widely documented in studies of the vertebrate microbiome. here, we study succession in the hamster gut after treatment with antibiotics and exposure to clostridium difficile. c. difficile infection is typically lethal in hamsters, but protection can be conferred with neutralizing antibodi ... | 2012 | 23071679 |
| modeling the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and microrna-146 in mucosal immune responses to clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic bacterium that has re-emerged as a facultative pathogen and can cause nosocomial diarrhea, colitis or even death. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar) γ has been implicated in the prevention of inflammation in autoimmune and infectious diseases; however, its role in the immunoregulatory mechanisms modulating host responses to c. difficile and its toxins remains largely unknown. to characterize the role of pparγ in c. difficile-associated disease ... | 2012 | 23071818 |
| retraction notice to "apoptosis of ct26 colorectal cancer cells induced by clostridium difficile toxin a stimulates potent anti-tumor immunity" [biochem. biophys. res. commun. 422 (2012) 15-21]. | 2012 | 23071973 | |
| [assessment of susceptibility of strictly anaerobic bacteria originated from different sources to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial drugs]. | during the past 20 years, several studies at a national level in different countries followed resistance trends for bacteroides sp. and clostridium difficile. this study analysed antimicrobial susceptibility 73 anaerobic bacteria strains of bacteroides fragilis group (bfg) and c. difficile to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial drugs. | 2012 | 23072056 |
| association of decreased serum protein fractions with clostridium difficile infection in the acute care setting: a case-control study. | this study examines the association of decreased levels of serum proteins with the occurrence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) in hospitalized patients. | 2012 | 23075246 |
| ageing and gut microbes: perspectives for health maintenance and longevity. | the ageing process affects the human gut microbiota phylogenetic composition and its interaction with the immune system. age-related gut microbiota modifications are associated with immunosenescence and inflamm-ageing in a sort of self-sustaining loop, which allows the placement of gut microbiota unbalances among both the causes and the effects of the inflamm-ageing process. even if, up to now, the link between gut microbiota and the ageing process is only partially understood, the gut ecosystem ... | 2013 | 23079287 |
| prevalence of clostridium difficile toxin in diarhoeal stool samples of patients from a tertiary hospital in north eastern penisular malaysia. | this study describes the prevalence of clostridium difficile toxin (cdt) in loose stool samples from inpatients aged more than two years of a tertiary hospital. a total of 175 samples that had been examined were from stool samples that were sent to the medical microbiology & parasitology laboratory for various clinical indications. the toxin was detected by a commercial immunochromatograhic test, and the patients' demography, clinical features, treatment and outcomes were analyzed from their med ... | 2012 | 23082450 |
| impact of infectious complications after elective surgery on hospital readmission and late deaths in the u.s. medicare population. | whereas the negative impact of infectious complications (ic) during the index hospitalization after elective surgery is well established, the long-term ramifications of hospital-acquired post-operative infections are not well studied. this analysis evaluated the impact of a hospital-acquired ic after open abdominal vascular surgery on the readmission rate and the mortality rates 30 and 90 days after initial discharge. | 2012 | 23082877 |
| immune responses to clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the causal agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections in the us. c. difficile has been known to cause severe diarrhea and colitis for more than 30 years, but the emergence of a newer, hypervirulent strain of c. difficile (bi/nap1) has further compounded the problem, and recently both the number of cases and mortality associated with c. difficile-associated diarrhea have been increasing. one of the major drivers of disea ... | 2012 | 23084763 |
| predicting recurrence of c. difficile colitis using bacterial virulence factors: binary toxin is the key. | recurrent clostridium difficile colitis is common, yet the ability to predict recurrence is poorly developed. | 2013 | 23086451 |
| [clostridium-difficile-colitis: more frequent and more severe]. | 2012 | 23088039 | |
| bacillus coagulans gbi-30, 6086 limits the recurrence of clostridium difficile-induced colitis following vancomycin withdrawal in mice. | recently, we found that the probiotic strain bacillus coagulans gbi-30, 6086 (ganedenbc30) improved indices of clostridium difficile (c. difficile)-induced colitis in mice (fitzpatrick et al., gut pathogens, 2011). our goal was to determine if bc30 could also prevent the recurrence of c. difficile-induced colitis in mice, following initial treatment with vancomycin. during study days 0 through 5, mice were treated with antibiotics. on day 6, the c. difficile strain vpi 10463 was given by oro-gas ... | 2012 | 23088680 |
| current and future challenges in the development of antimicrobial agents. | micro-organisms exist to survive. even in the absence of antimicrobial agents, many have determinants of resistance that may be expressed phenotypically, should the need arise. with the advent of the antibiotic age, as more and more drugs were developed to treat serious infections, micro-organisms (particularly bacteria) rapidly developed resistance determinants to prevent their own demise.the most important determinants of resistance have been in the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. am ... | 2012 | 23090595 |
| comparison of genexpert pcr to bd geneohm for detecting c. difficile toxin gene in gdh positive toxin negative samples. | the need for rapid diagnosis of clostridium difficile (c. difficile) associated infection in a clinical microbiology laboratory has provided the stimulus for new diagnostic tests and testing protocols. a two-test algorithm has been proposed using assays such as quik chek complete, which detects both c. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and c. difficile toxins a and b, followed by reflex testing of samples having inconclusive results (gdh positive and toxin negative) with pcr for identifica ... | 2012 | 23090736 |
| toward an understanding of changes in diversity associated with fecal microbiome transplantation based on 16s rrna gene deep sequencing. | fecal microbiome transplantation by low-volume enema is an effective, safe, and inexpensive alternative to antibiotic therapy for patients with chronic relapsing clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we explored the microbial diversity of pre- and posttransplant stool specimens from cdi patients (n = 6) using deep sequencing of the 16s rrna gene. while interindividual variability in microbiota change occurs with fecal transplantation and vancomycin exposure, in this pilot study we note that cli ... | 2012 | 23093385 |
| rifaximin in the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile can cause severe antibiotic-associated colitis. conventional treatments with metronidazole and vancomycin improve symptoms, but after discontinuation of treatment, c. difficile infection (cdi) recurs in a number of patients. rifaximin is a rifamycin-based non-systemic antibiotic that has effect against c. difficile. | 2013 | 23095030 |
| [clostridium difficile associated infections: an updated view]. | clostridium difficile is an emerging anaerobic, spore forming pathogen, recognized as the etiological agent of ~ 30% of antibiotic associated diarrheas. clinical symptoms can fluctuate from mild to moderate diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. the incidence of c. difficile associated infections (cdai) is ~ 1% of total hospitalized patients. cdai has a mortality rate of ~1 to 5%, and a relapse rate of ~ 20%. the appearance of severe outbreaks of cdai could be attributed to chan ... | 2012 | 23096544 |