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Study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extracts from roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG), commonly named Huangqin, showed strong in vitro antimicrobial effects. However, limited research is available to systematically evaluate the effects of extraction methods on the phytochemical composition of SBG and its associated antimicrobial effects. In addition, limited studies have tested SBG as a natural antimicrobial agent on fresh produce such as tomatoes. In the current study, powered roots of SBG were extracted with 60, 80, and 100% ethanol, and th ...201121866919
TBK1 mediates crosstalk between the innate immune response and autophagy.The autophagic pathway participates in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Autophagy plays an important role, as part of the innate immune response, in the first line of defense against intruding pathogens. Recognition of pathogens by the autophagic machinery is mainly mediated by autophagic adaptors, proteins that simultaneously interact with specific cargos and components of the autophagic machinery. However, the exact mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating this step are ...201121868362
change in antimicrobial resistance pattern in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates detected in a beef cattle farm.multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) isolates with four different antimicrobial resistance patterns obtained from a beef cattle farm were characterized to determine their clonality. macrorestriction analysis of genomic dna revealed that these four isolates are closely related to each other and can be classified as a newly emerged pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type among cattle: cluster vii. three of the four isolates showed resistance to extended-spectr ...201121869573
improved templated fluorogenic probes enhance the analysis of closely related pathogenic bacteria by microscopy and flow cytometry.templated fluorescence activation has recently emerged as a promising molecular approach to detect and differentiate nucleic acid sequences in vitro and in cells. here, we describe the application of a reductive quencher release strategy to the taxonomic analysis of gram-negative bacteria by targeting a single nucleotide difference in their 16s rrna in a two-color assay. for this purpose, it was necessary to develop a release linker containing a quencher suitable for red and near-infrared fluoro ...201121870777
Standardisation of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) for subtyping of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.Salmonella enterica serovar (S.) Enteritidis is an important cause of food-borne infection in Europe and the United States. Further subtyping of isolates is necessary to support epidemiological data for the detection of outbreaks and identification of the vehicle of infection. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) is reportedly more discriminatory and produces data that are easier to share via databases than other molecular subtyping methods. However, lack of standardisation o ...201121871223
Identification of environmental reservoirs of nontyphoidal salmonellosis: aptamer-assisted bioconcentration and subsequent detection of salmonella typhimurium by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.In this study, identification of environmental reservoirs of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (abbreviated as Salmonella Typhimurium) in sediments, water, and aquatic flora collected from the Ganges River (Ganges riverine material) was carried out by adopting a two-step strategy. Step 1 comprised a selective serovar-specific capture of Salmonella Typhimurium from potential reservoirs. Step 2 involved culture-free detection of selectively captured Salmonella Typhi ...201121875107
the deubiquitinase activity of the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 effector, ssel, prevents accumulation of cellular lipid droplets.to cause disease, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium requires two type iii secretion systems that are encoded by salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi-1 and -2). these secretion systems serve to deliver specialized proteins (effectors) into the host cell cytosol. while the importance of these effectors to promote colonization and replication within the host has been established, the specific roles of individual secreted effectors in the disease process are not well understood. in th ...201121875964
Salmonella bongori provides insights into the evolution of the Salmonellae.The genus Salmonella contains two species, S. bongori and S. enterica. Compared to the well-studied S. enterica there is a marked lack of information regarding the genetic makeup and diversity of S. bongori. S. bongori has been found predominantly associated with cold-blooded animals, but it can infect humans. To define the phylogeny of this species, and compare it to S. enterica, we have sequenced 28 isolates representing most of the known diversity of S. bongori. This cross-species analysis al ...201121876672
the stepone real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of salmonella sp., salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium and enteritidis in milk and meat.the aim of this study was to follow contamination of ready to eat milk and meat products with salmonella spp. by using the stepone real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). classical microbiological methods for detection of foodborne bacteria involve the use of pre-enrichment and/or specific enrichment, following isolation of bacteria in solid media and the final confirmation by biochemical and/or serological tests. we used the prepseq rapid spin sample preparation kit for isolation of dna and ...201121879831
defining treatment conditions for pulsed electric field pasteurization of apple juice.the influence of temperature and the presence of n(α)-lauroyl ethylester (ethyl lauroyl arginate, lae) on the inactivation caused by continuous pulsed electric field treatments (pef) in escherichia coli o157:h7 suspended in apple juice have been investigated to define treatment conditions applicable at industrial scale that promote an equivalent safety level when compared with thermal processing. in the range of experimental conditions investigated (outlet temperature: 20-40 °c, electric field s ...201121880388
tlr5-dependent immunogenicity of a recombinant fusion protein containing an immunodominant epitope of malarial circumsporozoite protein and the flic flagellin of salmonella typhimurium.recently, we described the improved immunogenicity of new malaria vaccine candidates based on the expression of fusion proteins containing immunodominant epitopes of merozoites and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium flagellin (flic) protein as an innate immune agonist. here, we tested whether a similar strategy, based on an immunodominant b-cell epitope from malaria sporozoites, could also generate immunogenic fusion polypeptides. a recombinant his6-tagged flic protein containing the c-term ...201121881771
Characterization of bla(CMY)-Encoding Plasmids Among Salmonella Isolated in the United States in 2007.Abstract Salmonella enterica is one of the most common bacterial causes of foodborne illness, and nontyphoidal Salmonella is estimated to cause ~1.2 million illnesses in the United States each year. Plasmids are mobile genetic elements that play a critical role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. AmpC-type CMY ß-lactamases (bla(CMY)) confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and ß-lactam/ß-lactamase inhibitor combinations and are commonly plasmid-encoded. ...201121883005
associations among pathogenic bacteria, parasites, and environmental and land use factors in multiple mixed-use watersheds.over a five year period (2004-08), 1171 surface water samples were collected from up to 24 sampling locations representing a wide range of stream orders, in a river basin in eastern ontario, canada. water was analyzed for cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cyst densities, the presence of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, campylobacter spp., listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli o157:h7. the study objective was to explore associations among pathogen densities/occurrence and objecti ...201121889781
A new biphenyl and antimicrobial activity of extracts and compounds from Clusia burlemarxii.Phytochemical investigation on Clusia burlemarxii (Clusiaceae) led to isolation and identification of nine compounds. Were isolated from leaves 3-O-a-L- rhamnopyranosylquercetin, 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosylkaempferol, 4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one, 2Z-d-tocotrienoloic acid and friedelin and were isolated from trunk betulinic acid, protocatechuic acid, lyoniresinol, and a new biphenyl 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromane. The structures were determined by ¹H, ¹³C-NMR, DEP ...201121893172
purification and characterization of the acetyl-coa synthetase from mycobacterium tuberculosis.acetyl-coa (accoa) synthetase (acs) catalyzes the conversion of acetate into accoa, which is involved in many catabolic and anabolic pathways. although this enzyme has been studied for many years in many organisms, the properties of mycobacterium tuberculosis acs and the regulation of its activity remain unknown. here, the putative acs gene of m. tuberculosis h37rv (mt-acs) was expressed as a fusion protein with 6×his-tag on the c-terminus in escherichia coli. the recombinant mt-acs protein was ...201121896569
The ERM protein, ezrin, regulates neutrophil transmigration by modulating the apical localization of MRP2 in response to the SipA effector protein during Salmonella Typhimurium infection.In human disease induced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), transepithelial migration of neutrophils rapidly follows attachment of the bacteria to the epithelial apical membrane. We have previously shown that during S. Typhimurium infection the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) is highly expressed at the apical surface of the intestinal epithelia, and that it functions as an efflux pump for the potent neutrophil chemoattractant hepoxilin A(3) . However, t ...201121899702
characterization of a vii-like phage specific to escherichia coli o157:h7.phage vb_ecom_cba120 (cba120), isolated against escherichia coli o157:h7 from a cattle feedlot, is morphologically very similar to the classic phage vii of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. until recently, little was known genetically or physiologically about the vii-like phages, and none targeting e. coli have been described in the literature. the genome of cba120 has been fully sequenced and is highly similar to those of both vii and the shigella phage ag3. the core set of structural and repl ...201121899740
Application of a bacteriophage cocktail to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium U288 contamination on pig skin.Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium U288 is a significant pathogen of pigs, accounting for over half of all outbreaks on UK pig production premises. The potential of this serovar, and other salmonellae, to enter the food chain during the slaughtering process requires that efforts be made to reduce the prevalence of these bacteria at both the pre- and post-harvest stages of production. A bacteriophage cocktail (PC1) capable of lysing various Salmonella enterica serovars was designed using ...201121899907
Salmonella effectors: important players modulating host cell function during infection.Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a Gram-negative facultative food-borne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans. This bacterium has evolved a sophisticated machinery to alter host cell function critical to its virulence capabilities. Central to S. Typhimurium pathogenesis are two Type III secretion systems (T3SS) encoded within pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2 that are responsible for the secretion and translocation of a set of bacterial proteins termed eff ...201121902796
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of major foodborne pathogens in imported seafood.Seafood is a leading commodity implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Seafood importation rose dramatically in the past 3 decades and now contributes to more than 80% of the total U.S. seafood supply. However, limited data are available on the microbiological safety of imported seafood. In this study, we obtained a total of 171 salmon, shrimp, and tilapia samples imported from 12 countries in three retail stores in Baton Rouge, LA. The total microbial population and the ...201121902913
inhibition of growth of pathogenic bacteria in raw milk by legume protein esters.protein isolates from soybean and chickpea, as well as their methylated esters, were tested for their inhibitory action against the propagation of pathogenic bacteria in raw milk during its storage either at room temperature or under refrigeration. raw milk was inoculated with a mixed culture of listeria monocytogenes scott a and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain pt4 at ca. 2 log cfu ml⁻¹. aerobic plate count, coliform count, and presumptive e. coli in raw milk treated with esterifi ...201121902916
comparison of two possible routes of pathogen contamination of spinach leaves in a hydroponic cultivation system.the route of pathogen contamination (from roots versus from leaves) of spinach leaves was investigated with a hydroponic cultivation system. three major bacterial pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes, were inoculated into the hydroponic solution, in which the spinach was grown to give concentrations of 10⁶ and 10³ cfu/ml. in parallel, the pathogens were inoculated onto the growing leaf surface by pipetting, to give concentrations of 10⁶ and 10³ cfu per leaf ...201121902924
Prevalence of Salmonella enterica and the hygienic indicator Escherichia coli in raw meat at markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.This study investigated the hygienic status and prevalence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in retail meat sold at open markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total of 150 samples of beef meat (n = 45), beef intestine (n = 45), mutton (n = 30), and chicken (n = 30) were collected from four local markets for investigation. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica was 9.3%, and six serotypes, all previously unreported in Burkina Faso, were identified: Derby, Tilene, Hato, Bredeney, ...201121902926
Reduction of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes with electrolyzed oxidizing water on inoculated hass avocados (Persea americana var. Hass).This study was intended to evaluate the bactericidal effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) and chlorinated water on populations of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on avocados (Persea americana var. Hass). In the first experiment, inoculated avocados were treated with a water wash applied by spraying tap water containing 1 mg/liter free chlorine for 15 s (WW); WW treatment and then spraying sodium hypochlorite in water containing 75 mg/l ...201121902927
Use of bioinformatic SNP predictions in differentially expressed genes to find SNPs associated with Salmonella colonization in swine.Asymptomatic Salmonella-carrier pigs present a major problem in preharvest food safety, with a recent survey indicating >50% of swine herds in the United States have Salmonella-positive animals. Salmonella-carrier pigs serve as a reservoir for contamination of neighbouring pigs, abattoir pens and pork products. In addition, fresh produce as well as water can be contaminated with Salmonella from manure used as fertilizer. Control of Salmonella at the farm level could be through genetic improvemen ...201121906181
Trichinella spiralis: intranasal immunization with attenuated Salmonella enterica carrying a gp43 antigen-derived 30mer epitope elicits protection in BALB/c mice.Trichinellosis is a public health problem and is considered an emergent/re-emergent disease in various countries. The etiological agent of trichinellosis is the nematode Trichinella, which infects domestic animals such as pigs and horses, as well as wild animals and humans. A veterinary vaccine could be an option to control the disease in domestic animals. Although several vaccine candidates have shown promising results, a vaccine against trichinellosis remains unavailable to date. Attenuated Sa ...201121907709
evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis.an immunochromatographic assay was developed to detect salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis in a single strip. the assay was constructed in the form of a sandwich, using 2 specific anti-s. typhimurium and anti-s. enteritidis antibodies immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane at separated test lines, while the other specific antibody to salmonella spp. was conjugated with gold nanoparticles. the test strips can immediately detect s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis specifically ...201121908327
the transcript from the σ(28)-dependent promoter is translationally inert in the expression of the σ(28)-encoding gene flia in the fliaz operon of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.there are three classes of promoters for flagellar operons in salmonella. class 2 promoters are transcribed by σ(70) rna polymerase in the presence of an essential activator, flhd(4)c(2), and activated by an auxiliary regulator, fliz. class 3 promoters are transcribed by σ(28) rna polymerase and repressed by an anti-σ(28) factor, flgm. σ(28) (flia) and fliz are encoded by the flia and fliz genes, respectively, which together constitute an operon transcribed in this order. this operon is transcri ...201121908664
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of human salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates in Slovakia.Forty-three epidemiologically unrelated emerging Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- strains isolated during the period 2009-2010 in Slovakia were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Thirty-one isolates (72.1%) expressed resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfizoxazole, and tetracycline [R-type ASSuT]. The majority of the strains belonged to both definitive phage types DT193 (30.2%) and U311 (27.9%). Other phage types identified were U302 (6.9%), DT18 (4. ...201121909783
innate immune control of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium: mechanisms contributing to combating systemic salmonella infection.infections with salmonella enterica serovars remain a serious problem worldwide. while serovar typhi causes significant morbidity and mortality that is restricted to humans, serovar typhimurium causes gastroenteritidis in humans and can also infect other animals. as mice with the susceptible nramp1 locus get systemic infection with serovar typhimurium, murine infection models using this serovar have been widely used to decipher the immune mechanisms required to survive systemic salmonella infect ...201121912097
[anti-cytokine activity of microorganisms].development of a method of determination of anti-cytokine activity (aca) of microorganisms, study of the prevalence and intensity of aca to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria.201121913393
Host response transcriptional profiling reveals extracellular components and ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters gene enrichment in typhoid fever-infected Nigerian children.Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a human-specific pathogen that causes typhoid fever, and remains a global health problem especially in developing countries. Its pathogenesis is complex and host response is poorly understood. In Africa, typhoid fever can be a major cause of morbidity in young infected children. The onset of the illness is insidious and clinical diagnosis is often unreliable. Gold standard blood culture diagnostic services are limited, thus rapid, sensitive, and af ...201121914192
genome sequence of lactobacillus salivarius nias840, isolated from chicken intestine.lactobacillus salivarius is a well-known lactic acid bacterium to which increasing attention has been paid recently for use as probiotics for humans and animals. l. salivarius nias840 was first isolated from broiler chicken feces, displaying antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. here, we report the genome sequence of l. salivarius nias840 (2,046,557 bp) including a small plasmid and two megaplasmids.201121914873
inhibition of growth of highly resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens by a natural product.the continuous escalation of resistant bacteria against a wide range of antibiotics necessitates discovering novel unconventional sources of antibiotics. b. oleracea l (red cabbage) is health-promoting food with proven anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. however, it has not been researched adequately for its antimicrobial activity on potential resistant pathogens. the methanol crude extract of b. oleracea l. was investigated for a possible anti-microbial activity. the screening method w ...201121915230
diversity of salmonella enterica serovar derby isolated from pig, pork and humans in germany.salmonella enterica serovar derby (s. derby) is one of the most prevalent serovars in pigs in europe and in the u.s. and ranks among the 10 most frequently isolated serovars in humans. therefore, a set of 82 epidemiologically unrelated s. derby strains isolated between 2006 and 2008 from pigs, pork and humans in germany was selected and investigated in respect to the transmission of clonal groups of the serovar along the food chain. various phenotypic and genotypic methods were applied and the p ...201121917347
reveal salmonella enteritidis test for detection of salmonella enteritidis in shell eggs and environmental samples.reveal salmonella enteritidis (se) is a lateral flow-based immunodiagnostic assay used for rapid detection of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis from pooled shell eggs and environmental samples. this assay uses highly specific antibodies to accurately detect s. enteritidis. studies were conducted to compare the performance of this test against reference procedures for detection of s. enteritidis from both pooled shell eggs and environmental samples. pooled shell eggs were inoculated with lo ...201121919347
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enterica Recovered from Poultry Meat in Tunisia and Identification of New Genetic Traits.Abstract Thirty-seven Salmonella enterica isolates obtained from poultry meat in Tunisia were included in this study for characterization of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. High percentages of resistance were detected to ampicillin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and streptomycin (32.4%-89.2%), and lower percentages to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, kanamycin, amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol, and chloramphenicol (2.7%-18.9%). All strains showed susceptibility to ceftazidime ...201121919733
Empiric antimicrobial therapy and infectious diarrhea. Do we need local guidelines?In the management of acute diarrhea, administration of antibiotics may be indicated. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy can shorten illness, reduce morbidity and can be life-saving in invasive infections. Emergence of microbial strains resistant to commonly used antibiotics means that treatment failures may become common. Because of changing patterns of resistance, knowledge of recent local patterns of susceptibility can guide the initial choice of antibiotics.201121925045
naturally occurring motility-defective mutants of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated preferentially from nonhuman rather than human sources.salmonellosis represents a worldwide health problem because it is one of the major causes of food-borne disease. although motility is postulated as an important salmonella virulence attribute, there is little information about variation in motility in natural isolates. here we report the identification of a point mutation (t551 → g) in mota, a gene essential for flagellar rotation, in several salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis field isolates. this mutation results in bacteria that can biosy ...201121926214
increased persistence of salmonella enterica serovar typhi in the presence of acanthamoeba castellanii.salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is the etiological agent of the systemic disease typhoid fever. transmission occurs via ingestion of contaminated food or water. s. typhi is specific to humans, and no animal or environmental reservoirs are known. as the free-living amoeba acanthamoeba castellanii is an environmental host for many pathogenic bacteria, this study investigates interactions between s. typhi and a. castellanii by using cocultures. growth of both organisms was estimated by ...201121926221
Epidemiological characteristics and molecular typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi during a waterborne outbreak in Eastern Anatolia.In this study, we aimed to study the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) outbreak in Eastern Anatolia. Six hundred and thirty-seven patients from the same county with clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever were investigated with conventional methods from stool, urine and blood specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility tests and identifications were performed for positive specimens. Clonal relationships between the isolates were investigated using ...201121929877
palmitoylation state impacts induction of innate and acquired immunity by the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium msbb mutant.lipopolysaccharide (lps), composed of lipid a, core, and o-antigen, is a major virulence factor of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, with lipid a being a major stimulator to induce the proinflammatory response via the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)-md2-cd14 pathway. while salmonella msbb mutants lacking the myristate chain in lipid a were investigated widely as an anticancer vaccine, inclusion of the msbb mutation in a salmonella vaccine to deliver heterologous antigens has not yet been inve ...201121930761
isolation and characterization of bacteriophages of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum.in this study, 2 bacteriophages of salmonella pullorum were isolated using an enrichment protocol and the double agar layer method. they were named pspu-95 and pspu-4-116, respectively, against clinical isolates of salmonella pullorum spu-95 and spu-116. the host ranges of the 2 bacteriophages were determined by performing spot tests with 20 bacteria strains. both bacteriophages had wide host ranges. bacteriophage pspu-95 had a lytic effect on 17 of the 20 isolates (85%), and pspu-4-116 produced ...201121934022
phosphoproteomic analysis of salmonella-infected cells identifies key kinase regulators and sopb-dependent host phosphorylation events.salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. virulence is achieved by two type iii secretion systems that translocate effector proteins into host cells, where they mimic or block host protein function. effectors translocated into host cells by the first type iii secretion system facilitate invasion and stimulate intracellular signaling cascades leading to inflammation. here, we performed global temporal analysis of host signaling events induced durin ...201121934108
investigation of salmonella enterica in sardinian slaughter pigs: prevalence, serotype and genotype characterization.in order to improve the knowledge about the presence of salmonella in pork meat in sardinia (italy), the prevalence and the sources of salmonella at 5 pig slaughterhouses (slaughtered pigs and environment) were investigated and the isolates were characterised. a total of 462 samples were collected, 425 from pigs at slaughter and 41 from the slaughterhouse environment. salmonella was isolated from 26/85 (30.5%) mesenteric lymph nodes, 14/85 (16.4%) colon contents, and from 12/85 (14.1%) carcasses ...201121940060
oral administration of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing swine interleukin-18 induces th1-biased protective immunity against inactivated vaccine of pseudorabies virus.enhancing and/or modulating innate and adaptive immunity by cytokines appears to be greatly useful to provide effective protective immunity against infectious diseases. however, an effective delivery system for mass administration in livestock industry is needed because of limitations such as cost, labor, time, and protein stability. here the immunomodulatory functions of swine interleukine-18 (swil-18), known as ifn-γ-inducing factor (igif), were evaluated in a vaccination model of pseudorabies ...201121940117
single nucleotide polymorphisms that differentiate two subpopulations of salmonella enteritidis within phage type.abstract:201121942987
Survival characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport in the dairy farm environment.Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Newport (S. Newport) has established a reservoir in dairy cattle. Infected herds suffer significant mortality in both adult and young animals, posing a considerable economic loss to producers. Land application of manure from infected animals may further spread the pathogen into the agroecosystem, causing public health concerns. Previous work by our group demonstrated that the organism persisted in manure and manured soil for 6 to 10 mo under ...201121943774
Role of antigens and virulence factors of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in its pathogenesis.Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the aetiologic agent of typhoid fever, is a human restricted pathogen. The molecular mechanism of Salmonella pathogenicity is complex. The investigations of the molecular mechanisms of Salmonella virulence factors have shown that pathogenic Salmonella spp. are distinguished from their non-pathogenic relatives by the presence of specific pathogenicity genes, often organized in so-called pathogenicity islands (PIs). The type III secretion system (T3SS) ...201121945101
salmonella enterica in swine production: assessing the association between amplified fragment length polymorphism and epidemiological units of concern.the aims of this study were to determine the ability of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) to differentiate salmonella isolates from different units of swine production and to demonstrate the relatedness of salmonella between farms and abattoirs by aflp. twenty-four farms in the midwestern united states were visited four times from 2006 to 2009. at each farm or abattoir visit, 30 fecal samples or 30 mesenteric lymph nodes were collected, respectively. a total of 220 salmonella isolate ...201121948822
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis supports the presence of host-adapted salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains in the british garden bird population.salmonellosis is a frequently diagnosed infectious disease of passerine birds in garden habitats within great britain with potential implications for human and domestic animal health. postmortem examinations were performed on 1,477 garden bird carcasses of circa 50 species from england and wales, 1999 to 2007 inclusive. salmonellosis was confirmed in 263 adult birds of 10 passerine species in this 11-year longitudinal study. a subset of 124 fully biotyped salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sero ...201121948838
leaching of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, escherichia coli, and a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriophage through intact soil cores following surface application and injection of slurry.increasing amounts of livestock manure are being applied to agricultural soil, but it is unknown to what extent this may be associated with contamination of aquatic recipients and groundwater if microorganisms are transported through the soil under natural weather conditions. the objective of this study was therefore to evaluate how injection and surface application of pig slurry on intact sandy clay loam soil cores influenced the leaching of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriophage ...201121948848
temperature-sensitive mutants of rnase e in salmonella enterica.rnase e has an important role in mrna turnover and stable rna processing, although the reason for its essentiality is unknown. we isolated conditional mutants of rnase e to provide genetic tools to probe its essential function. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, an extreme slow-growth phenotype caused by mutant ef-tu (gln125arg, tufa499) can be rescued by mutants of rnase e that have reduced activity. we exploited this phenotype to select mutations in rnase e and screened these for temp ...201121949072
use of an avirulent live salmonella choleraesuis vaccine to reduce the prevalence of salmonella carrier pigs at slaughter.this study evaluated the use of an avirulent live salmonella choleraesuis vaccine to reduce the seroprevalence and number of salmonella carrier pigs at slaughter. seven batches of 500 pigs were included in each of the two study groups: the vaccinated group (vg) that was orally vaccinated and the control group (cg) that received a placebo on the first day of life. the groups were managed in a three-site system and followed up from birth to slaughter. blood samples (n=378) were collected from each ...201121949083
multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat profiling of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from blood cultures and gallbladder specimens from makassar, south-sulawesi, indonesia.multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis differentiated 297 salmonella enterica serovar typhi blood culture isolates from makassar in 76 genotypes and a single unique s. typhi genotype was isolated from the cholecystectomy specimens of four patients with cholelithiasis. the high diversity in s. typhi genotypes circulating in makassar indicates that the number of carriers could be very large, which may complicate disease prevention and control.201121949819
cobalt stress in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica: molecular bases for toxicity and resistance.cobalt (co) is present in trace amounts in the environment but it can be toxic when it accumulates in cells. the question of how co produces its toxic effects and how living organisms protect themselves from, and resist to, such a stress remains to be clarified. studies pertaining to these issues were recently carried out in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. iron-sulfur proteins were identified as primary targets of co ions. perturbation of iron homeostasis, oxidative stress and possible ...201121952637
Acanthamoeba polyphaga, a potential environmental vector for the transmission of food-borne and opportunistic pathogens.The endosymbiotic relationship could represent for many bacteria an important condition favouring their spread in the environment and in foods. For this purpose we studied the behaviour of some food-borne and opportunistic pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia enterocolitica) when internalized in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Our results confirm the capability of the bacteria tested to gr ...201121953544
biophysical investigations into the interactions of endotoxins with bile acids.the interaction of selected endotoxin preparations (lipid a from erwinia carotovora and lps re and ra from salmonella enterica sv. minnesota strains r595 and r60, respectively) with selected bile acids was investigated biophysically. endotoxin aggregates were analyzed for their gel-to-liquid crystalline phase behavior, the type of their aggregates, the conformation of particular functional groups, and their zeta potential in the absence and presence of the bile acids by applying fourier-transfor ...201121954318
specific detection of campylobacter jejuni using the bacteriophage nctc 12673 receptor binding protein as a probe.campylobacter jejuni is found in the intestines of poultry, cattle, swine, wild birds and pet animals and is the major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in developed countries. we report the use of the receptor binding protein (rbp) of campylobacter bacteriophage nctc 12673 for the specific capture of campylobacter jejuni bacteria using rbp-derivatized capturing surfaces. the gp48 rbp was expressed as a glutathione s-transferase-gp48 (gst-gp48) fusion protein and immobilized onto surface plasmo ...201121955997
survival and heat resistance of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7 in peanut butter.significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the survival rates of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7 in peanut butter with different formulations and water activity. high carbohydrate content in peanut butter and low incubation temperature resulted in higher levels of bacterial survival during storage but lower levels of bacterial resistance to heat treatment.201121965404
Genome and proteome of Campylobacter jejuni bacteriophage NCTC 12673.Campylobacter jejuni continues to be the leading cause of bacterial food-borne illness worldwide, so improvements to current methods used for bacterial detection and disease prevention are needed. We describe here the genome and proteome of C. jejuni bacteriophage NCTC 12673 and the exploitation of its receptor-binding protein for specific bacterial detection. Remarkably, the 135-kb Myoviridae genome of NCTC 12673 differs greatly from any other proteobacterial phage genome described (including C ...201121965409
tn1548-associated arma is co-located with qnrb2, aac(6')-ib-cr and blactx-m-3 on an incfii plasmid in a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b strain isolated from chickens in china. 201221965429
Regulation of biofilm components in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by lytic transglycosylases involved in cell wall turnover.In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, a biofilm mode of growth known as the rdar morphotype is regulated by several networks which sense multiple environmental signals. The transcriptional regulator CsgD is the major target for these regulatory pathways. In this study, we show that two lytic transglycosylases of family I, MltE and MltC, in combination increase CsgD expression and rdar morphotype. MltE and MltC, which share a highly similar transglycosylase SLT domain, work redundantly to r ...201121965572
Complete sequencing of the bla(NDM-1)-positive IncA/C plasmid from Escherichia coli ST38 isolate suggests a possible origin from plant pathogens.The complete sequence of the plasmid pNDM-1_Dok01 carrying New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM-1) was determined by whole genome shotgun sequencing using Escherichia coli strain NDM-1_Dok01 (multilocus sequence typing type: ST38) and the transconjugant E. coli DH10B. The plasmid is an IncA/C incompatibility type composed of 225 predicted coding sequences in 195.5 kb and partially shares a sequence with bla(CMY-2)-positive IncA/C plasmids such as E. coli AR060302 pAR060302 (166.5 kb) and Salmonell ...201121966500
intestinal inflammation allows salmonella to use ethanolamine to compete with the microbiota.conventional wisdom holds that microbes support their growth in vertebrate hosts by exploiting a large variety of nutrients. we show here that use of a specific nutrient (ethanolamine) confers a marked growth advantage on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) in the lumen of the inflamed intestine. in the anaerobic environment of the gut, ethanolamine supports little or no growth by fermentation. however, s. typhimurium is able to use this carbon source by inducing the gut to ...201121969563
withdrawn: azithromycin for treating uncomplicated typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever).review status: current question - no update intended. azithromycin treatments are included in the review: fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever). (thaver d, zaidi akm, critchley ja, azmatullah a, madni sa, bhutta za. fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever). cochrane database of systematic reviews 2008, issue 4. art. no.: cd004530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd004530.pub3.)   this latter review is being updated, and will be publi ...201121975751
Classification of Salmonella enterica serotypes from Australian poultry using repetitive sequence-based PCR.Aims: To evaluate a semi-automated repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) system for the classification of Salmonella serotypes from Australian poultry. Methods and Results: Using a DNA fingerprint library within the DiversiLab(®) System, four separate databases were constructed (serogroup B, C, E and Other). These databases contained 483 serologically confirmed (reference laboratory) Salmonella isolates. A blinded set of Salmonella cultures (n = 155) were typed by rep ...201221981579
Genetic response of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis to thioridazine rendering the organism resistant to the agent.Thioridazine (TZ)-induced accumulation of the universal efflux pump substrate ethidium bromide and its subsequent efflux by Salmonella strains with various degrees of overexpressed efflux pumps takes place automatically at pH 7.4, is independent of a metabolic source, is not affected by a proton ionophore and is precluded by palmitic acid. Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis cultured in medium containing increasing concentrations of TZ does not grow during the first 6-8h, after which time i ...201221982147
Handheld device for real-time, quantitative, LAMP-based detection of Salmonella enterica using assimilating probes.A simple handheld instrument was designed to enable real-time detection of the LAMP reaction in a standard PCR tube using newly described assimilating probes as sequence-specific reporter molecules. The system was validated using DNA isolated from Salmonella enterica, demonstrating accurate temperature control with little power and little overshoot of setpoint temperatures, with rapid and accurate detection often in less than 30 min and within 20 min for reactions with high (>10(5)) genome copy ...201121982643
interaction of concanavalin a with bacterial lipopolysaccharides in agarose gel.binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled concanavalin a to a series of molecular species of lipopolysaccharide (lps), purified from pathogenic bacteria, was studied via agarose gel precipitation experiments and the results were compared with available structural data.the lps species could be divided into cona-reactive and non-reactive ones. reactivity resided in the o-specific chain of lps, and binding to the lipid a or core moieties of lps could not be demonstrated by the present methods. ...201121983321
Imaging and analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming and rhamnolipid production.Many bacteria spread over surfaces by "swarming" in groups. A problem for scientists who study swarming is the acquisition of statistically significant data that distinguish two observations or detail the temporal patterns and two-dimensional heterogeneities that occur. It is currently difficult to quantify differences between observed swarm phenotypes. Here, we present a method for acquisition of temporal surface motility data using time-lapse fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging. We specif ...201121984238
salmonella effector proteins and host-cell responses.acute gastroenteritis caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a significant public health problem. this pathogen has very sophisticated molecular machinery encoded by the two pathogenicity islands, namely salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (spi-1 and spi-2). remarkably, both spi-1 and spi-2 are very tightly regulated in terms of timing of expression and spatial localization of the encoded effectors during the infection process within the host cell. this regulation is governed a ...201121984608
Description of a 2,683-Base-Pair Plasmid Containing qnrD in Two Providencia rettgeri Isolates.qnr genes are plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes mainly harbored on large conjugative multiresistant plasmids. The qnrD gene was recently observed in Salmonella enterica on a small nonconjugative plasmid (p2007057). We describe two strains of Providencia rettgeri harboring qnrD on nonconjugative plasmids. The plasmids were 99% identical, with 2,683 bp and four open reading frames, including qnrD, but exhibited only 53% identity with the plasmid found in S. enterica.201221986831
antibiotic control of tumor-colonizing salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.systemic administration of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) into tumor-bearing mice results in preferential colonization of tumors and causes shrinkage and sometimes complete tumor clearance. however, in spite of these beneficial antitumor effects, the systemic administration of a bacterial pathogen raises serious safety concerns as well. addressing those concerns, here, we demonstrate that tumor-colonizing salmonella can be readily controlled by systemic administration o ...201121987828
oxysterol-binding protein (osbp) enhances replication of intracellular salmonella and binds the salmonella spi-2 effector ssel via its n-terminus.effectors translocated into the host cell by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium are critical for bacterial virulence. for many effectors, the mechanisms of their interactions with host pathways are not yet understood. we have recently found an interaction between the spi-2 effector ssel and oxysterol-binding protein (osbp). we show here that ssel binds the n-terminus of osbp and that s. typhimurium infection results in redistribution of osbp. we furthermore demonstrate that osbp is required ...201121988961
comparative proteomic analysis of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, typhimurium and gallinarum.salmonella enterica includes several related serovars which have different host ranges and cause diseases of different severities. however, their pathogenic potential is unknown, and it is not clear what mechanisms are activated or inhibited during adaptation to a specific host environment. some proteins are involved in the mechanism of pathogenicity at a molecular level and provide the functional aspects that create the diverse phenotypes. to compare proteomic analyses of the total proteins of ...201121997235
evidence of significant synergism between antibiotics and the antipsychotic, antimicrobial drug flupenthixol.previously, the antipsychotic, non-antibiotic compound flupenthixol dihydrochloride (fp) was shown to exhibit distinct in vitro antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and to significantly protect swiss albino mice challenged with a known mouse virulent salmonella. the present study was designed to ascertain whether this drug could efficiently augment the action of an antibiotic or a non-antibiotic when tested in combination. a total of 12 bacterial strains belong ...201121997771
use of multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis in molecular subtyping of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates.we evaluated 11 variable number tandem repeat (vntr) markers for the epidemiological investigation of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) infection and compared the results to those obtained by pfge. pfge, using one or two restriction enzymes (xbai and blni), was insufficient to differentiate between some isolates that were epidemiologically unlinked. multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva)-8, based on analysis of the eight most variable vntrs, displayed a high level of ...201121997873
Structure elucidation of the O-Antigen of Salmonella enterica O51 and its structural and genetic relation to the O-Antigen of Escherichia coli O23.The O-polysaccharide (O-antigen) of Salmonella enterica O51 was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and its structure was established using sugar analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The O-antigen of Escherichia coli O23, whose structure was elucidated earlier, possesses a similar structure and differs only in the presence of an additional lateral a-D-Glcp residue at position 6 of the GlcNAc residue in the main chain. Sequencing of the O-antigen gene clusters of S. enterica O51 ...201121999538
bacteremia and antimicrobial drug resistance over time, ghana.bacterial distribution and antimicrobial drug resistance were monitored in patients with bacterial bloodstream infections in rural hospitals in ghana. in 2001-2002 and in 2009, salmonella enterica serovar typhi was the most prevalent pathogen. although most s. enterica serovar typhi isolates were chloramphenicol resistant, all isolates tested were susceptible to ciprofloxacin.201122000360
antisense inhibition of gene expression and growth in gram-negative bacteria by cell-penetrating peptide conjugates of peptide nucleic acids targeted to rpod gene.gram-negative bacteria (gnb) cause common and severe hospital- and community-acquired infections with a high incidence of multidrug resistance (mdr) and mortality. the emergence and spread of mdr-gnb strains limit therapeutic options and highlight the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. in this study, the peptide (rxr)(4)xb- and (kff)(3)k-conjugated peptide nucleic acids (ppnas) were developed to target rpod, which encodes an rna polymerase primary σ(70) that is thought to be essential f ...201122000398
First multi-epitope subunit vaccine against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli delivered by a bacterial type-3 secretion system (T3SS).Infections due to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are very common in humans as well as in animals. In humans ExPEC infections include urinary tract infections (UTI), septicemia, and wound infections, which result in significant morbidity, mortality, and substantial healthcare costs. In view of the increasing number of ExPEC infections caused by more and more resistant strains, effective prevention would be desirable. Given the rising treatment costs, a vaccine may be cost-effective in ...201222000741
small heat shock protein agsa forms dynamic fibrils.as a class of molecular chaperones, small heat shock proteins (shsps) usually exist as multi-subunit spherical oligomers. in this study, we report that agsa, a shsp of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, spontaneously forms fibrils in vitro. these fibrils tend to be formed at elevated temperature and do not share the characteristics of amyloid. interestingly, the fibril-forming agsa is able to suppress the dithiothreitol-induced aggregation of insulin efficiently within a certain range of t ...201122001209
identification of salmonella enterica species- and subgroup-specific genomic regions using panseq 2.0.the pan-genome of a taxonomic group consists of evolutionarily conserved core genes shared by all members and accessory genes that are present only in some members of the group. group- and subgroup-specific core genes are thought to contribute to shared phenotypes such as virulence and niche specificity. in this study we analyzed 39 salmonella enterica genomes (16 closed, 23 draft), a species that contains two human-specific serovars that cause typhoid fever, as well as a large number of zoonoti ...201122001825
a1-giardin based live heterologous vaccine protects against Giardia lamblia infection in a murine model.Giardia lamblia is a leading protozoan cause of diarrheal disease worldwide, yet preventive medical strategies are not available. A crude veterinary vaccine has been licensed for cats and dogs, but no defined human vaccine is available. We tested the vaccine potential of three conserved antigens previously identified in human and murine giardiasis, a1-giardin, a-enolase, and ornithine carbamoyl transferase, in a murine model of G. lamblia infection. Live recombinant attenuated Salmonella enteric ...201122001876
a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism-based approach to trace and identify outbreaks linked to a common salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar montevideo pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type.in this study, we report a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based evolutionary approach to study the epidemiology of a multistate outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar montevideo. this outbreak included 272 cases that occurred in 44 states between july 2009 and april 2010. a case-control study linked the consumption of salami made with contaminated black and red pepper to the outbreak. we sequenced, on the solid system, 47 isolates with xbai pfge pattern jixx01 ...201122003026
Salmonella biofilm formation on Aspergillus niger involves cellulose--chitin interactions.Salmonella cycles between host and nonhost environments, where it can become an active member of complex microbial communities. The role of fungi in the environmental adaptation of enteric pathogens remains relatively unexplored. We have discovered that S. enterica Typhimurium rapidly attaches to and forms biofilms on the hyphae of the common fungus, Aspergillus niger. Several Salmonella enterica serovars displayed a similar interaction, whereas other bacterial species were unable to bind to the ...201122003399
antimicrobial activity of apple, hibiscus, olive, and hydrogen peroxide formulations against salmonella enterica on organic leafy greens.salmonella enterica is one of the most common bacterial pathogens implicated in foodborne outbreaks involving fresh produce in the last decade. in an effort to discover natural antimicrobials for use on fresh produce, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different antimicrobial plant extract-concentrate formulations on four types of organic leafy greens inoculated with s. enterica serovar newport. the leafy greens tested included organic romaine and iceberg le ...201122004815
expansion of paneth cell population in response to enteric salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection.paneth cells residing at the base of the small intestinal crypts contribute to the mucosal intestinal first line defense by secreting granules filled with antimicrobial polypeptides including lysozyme. these cells derive from the columnar intestinal stem cell located at position 0 and the transit amplifying cell located at position +4 in the crypts. we have previously shown that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st), a leading cause of gastrointestinal infections in humans, effects an ove ...201222006567
Phagocytosis and killing of salmonella by 7-hydroxycoumarin activated macrophages.Coumarin and its derivatives have potent immunomodulatory activities. Here we describe the parameters of the protective effect of 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-OHC) in experimental Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium infection in mice. The protective effect depended on the duration of treatment reaching its maximum after 10 days of pretreatment and lasted for at least 15 days after its end. Electron microscopy studies revealed that 7-OHC induced ultrastructural changes in macrophages consistent with ...201222007641
Molecular characterization of strains of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund carrying multidrug resistance isolated from imported foods.Objectives To determine the fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund from imported foods. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella Schwarzengrund to 16 antibiotics was examined using disc agar diffusion and Etest. Quinolone resistance determinants were examined by sequence analysis of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE, PCR amplification of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS, and expression of acrB, ramA, marA, soxS and rob using quantitative RT-PCR. The contribution ...201222010209
Biochemical and thermodynamic analyses of Salmonella enterica Pat, a multidomain, multimeric N(e)-lysine acetyltransferase involved in carbon and energy metabolism.In the bacterium Salmonella enterica, the CobB sirtuin protein deacetylase and the Gcn5-related N(e)-acetyltransferase (GNAT) Pat control carbon utilization and metabolic flux via N(e)-lysine acetylation/deacetylation of metabolic enzymes. To date, the S. enterica Pat (SePat) acetyltransferase has not been biochemically characterized. Here we report the kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of the SePat enzyme using two of its substrates, acetyl coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) synthetase (Acs; AMP form ...201122010215
baseline titer of widal in bijapur. 200922010492
screening, phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from typhoid asymptomatic carriers.to isolate the salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) from asymptomatic typhoid carriers in the local population. to assess the antibiotic sensitivity and resistant pattern of s. typhi isolates against viable antibiotics and phylogenetic analysis of s. typhi isolates on the basis of 16s rdna gene.201122014730
Antimicrobial resistance and class I integrons in Salmonella enterica isolates from wild boars and Bísaro pigs.The antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype and the integron type were characterized in 58 Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from Bísaro pigs and wild boars (20 S. Typhimurium, 17 S. Rissen, 14 S. Enteritidis and 7 S. Havana). Most S. Typhimurium isolates (15/20 of Bísaro pigs and wild boars) showed ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistances. Of the 17 S. Rissen isolates of both origins, 13 were resistant to ampicil ...201122015698
phenotype, virulence and immunogenicity of edwardsiella ictaluri cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein (crp) mutants in catfish host.edwardsiella ictaluri is an enterobacteriaceae that causes lethal enteric septicemia in catfish. being a mucosal facultative intracellular pathogen, this bacterium is an excellent candidate to develop immersion-oral live attenuated vaccines for the catfish aquaculture industry. deletion of the cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (camp) receptor protein (crp) gene in several enterobacteriaceae has been utilized in live attenuated vaccines for mammals and birds. here we characterize the crp gene ...201122015784
d-Fagomine lowers postprandial blood glucose and modulates bacterial adhesion.d-Fagomine is an iminosugar originally isolated from seeds of buckwheat (Fagopyrum sculentum Moench), present in the human diet and now available as a pure crystalline product. We tested d-fagomine for activities connected to a reduction in the risk of developing insulin resistance, becoming overweight and suffering from an excess of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The activities were: intestinal sucrase inhibition in vitro (rat mucosa and everted intestine sleeves), modulation of postprandial ...201122017795
The Fur regulon in anaerobically grown Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium: identification of new Fur targets.ABSTRACT:201122017966
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Enteritidis infection of pigs and cytokine signalling in palatine tonsils.Pigs are considered as one of the major sources of zoonotic strains of Salmonella enterica for humans. Out of many S. enterica serovars, S. Typhimurium dominates in pigs, however, in several countries in Central Europe, S. Enteritidis is also quite frequent in pig herds. In this study we therefore compared the colonisation of pigs with S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. We found that 3 weeks after infection S. Enteritidis 147 colonised the intestinal tract in higher quantities but was shed in fa ...201122019291
characterization and comparative genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage, sfp10, simultaneously inhibiting both salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7.salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7 are major food-borne pathogens causing serious illness. phage sfp10, which revealed effective infection of both s. enterica and e. coli o157:h7, was isolated and characterized. sfp10 contains a 158-kb double-stranded dna genome belonging to the vi01 phage-like family myoviridae. in vitro adsorption assays showed that the adsorption constant rates to both salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and e. coli o157:h7 were 2.50 × 10(-8) ml/min and 1.91 ...201222020516
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