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nitric oxide availability in deeply hypoxic crucian carp: acute and chronic changes and utilization of ambient nitrite reservoirs.recent research suggest that anoxia-tolerant fish transfer extracellular nitrite into the tissues, where it is used for nitric oxide (no) generation, iron-nitrosylation, and s-nitrosation of proteins, as part of the cytoprotective response toward prolonged hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation. we hypothesized that crucian carp take up ambient nitrite and use it as a source of cellular no availability during hypoxia. fish were exposed for 1 day to normoxia (po2 > 140 mmhg) and deep hypoxia (1 < p ...201626764058
efficacy assessment of three inactivated koi herpes virus antigen preparations against experimental challenge virus infection in common carp. 201626765154
recombinant carp il-4/13b stimulates in vitro proliferation of carp igm(+) b cells.teleost il-4/13b is a cytokine related to mammalian il-4 and il-13, of which hitherto the function had not been studied at the protein level. we identified an il-4/13b gene in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and expressed the recombinant protein (rcil-4/13b). rcil-4/13b was shown to stimulate proliferation of igm(+) b cells, because after four days of stimulation the igm(+) fraction of carp kidney and spleen leukocytes had formed many cell colonies, whereas such colonies were not found in the abse ...201626766176
genomic incompatibilities in the diploid and tetraploid offspring of the goldfish × common carp cross.polyploidy is much rarer in animals than in plants but it is not known why. the outcome of combining two genomes in vertebrates remains unpredictable, especially because polyploidization seldom shows positive effects and more often results in lethal consequences because viable gametes fail to form during meiosis. fortunately, the goldfish (maternal) × common carp (paternal) hybrids have reproduced successfully up to generation 22, and this hybrid lineage permits an investigation into the genomic ...201626768847
hot water extract of leather carp (cyprinus carpio nudus) improves exercise performance in mice.the hot water extract of leather carp (cyprinus carpio nudus) has been used as a nourishing tonic soup and as an aid for recovery from physical fatigue. in this study, we investigated the effect of leather carp extract on exercise performance in mice. swimming endurance and forelimb grip strength were assessed following oral administration of the extract (once per day for 7 days) at a dose of 0.5 mg/10 μl/g body weight. after 7 days, mice given the leather carp extract had significantly greater ...201526770911
effects of temperature and trophic state on degradation of environmental dna in lake water.degradation of environmental dna (edna) in aquatic habitats can affect the interpretation of edna data and the ability to detect aquatic organisms. the effect of temperature and trophic state on the decay of common carp (cyprinus carpio) edna was evaluated using lake water microcosms and quantitative pcr for a common carp-specific genetic marker in two experiments. the first experiment tested the effect of temperature on common carp edna decay. common carp edna exhibited exponential decay that i ...201626771292
metabolic capacities of common carp (cyprinus carpio) following combined exposures to copper and environmental hypoxia.in aquatic ecosystems, a decline in water o2 level is the main factor that can release heavy metal ions from top sediment layer. therefore, hypoxia in turn, and in association with heavy metals might provide undesirable environment and impairs physiological functions of aquatic animals. to address this, metabolic capacities, including standard metabolic rate (smr), maximum metabolic rate (mmr), aerobic scope (as) and factorial aerobic scope (fas) of common carp were determined following exposure ...201626774182
positive darwinian selection within interferon regulatory factor genes of gymnocypris przewalskii (cyprinidae) on the tibetan plateau.tibetan plateau (tp) had experienced phased uplift, resulting in inhospitable environment of low temperature, hypoxia and high ultraviolet radiation for tibetan wildlife. many organisms can well adapt to tp, it is of ecological and evolutionary interest to untangle how organisms adapt to extreme environment on tp through evolution. previous studies mainly focused on hypoxia and metabolism related genes, but we know little about the evolutionary history of immune genes in tibetan wildlife. in thi ...201626774494
effect of copper on growth, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile qihe crucian carp, carassius carassius, during exposure and recovery.the toxicity of copper (cu) on growth and activities of digestive and antioxidant enzymes in the hepatopancreas and intestine of juvenile qihe crucian carp carassius carassius was evaluated. the fish were exposed in different cu solutions for 20 days, and the 0.60 mg/l group was then transferred to clean water to initiate a 20-day recovery period after cu exposure. results showed that all enzyme activities decreased significantly at high-concentration (0.30 and 0.60 mg/l) and long-time (20 days) ...201626781633
ultrastructural and cytochemical properties of peripheral blood cells of piebald naked carp (gymnocypris eckloni).the ultrastructural and cytochemical properties of peripheral blood cells of gymnocypris eckloni were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and a range of cytochemical techniques to provide clear insight into the structure and function of blood cells from this fish. ultrastructurally, erythrocytes, leucocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes), thrombocytes and plasma cells were identified in the peripheral blood of g. eckloni. the most special ultrastructural characte ...201726786325
effect of alginate/carboxyl methyl cellulose composite coating incorporated with clove essential oil on the quality of silver carp fillet and escherichia coli o157:h7 inhibition during refrigerated storage.the effects of alginate/carboxyl methylcellulose composite coating incorporated with clove essential oil on quality of silver carp fillet chilled storage (4 + 1 °c) were examined over a period of 16 days. the control samples (c), alginate/carboxyl methylcellulose coating (c-a), alginate/carboxyl methylcellulose composite coating incorporated with clove essential oil (with different concentration 1 and 1.5 %) (c-a + ceo1 % and c-a + ceo 15 % respectively) were analyzed by bacteriological (total v ...201626787996
design and application of a solar mobile pond aquaculture water quality-regulation machine based in bream pond aquaculture.bream pond aquaculture plays a very important role in china's aquaculture industry and is the main source of aquatic products. to regulate and control pond water quality and sediment, a movable solar pond aquaculture water quality regulation machine (smwm) was designed and used. this machine is solar-powered and moves on water, and its primary components are a solar power supply device, a sediment lifting device, a mechanism for walking on the water's surface and a control system. the solar powe ...201626789004
genetic diversity of spring viraemia of carp virus isolates based on the glycoprotein gene. 201626791607
the metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes.the present study explored the apoptosis pathways in hydroxyl radicals ((∙)oh)-induced carp erythrocytes. carp erythrocytes were treated with the caspase inhibitors in physiological carp saline (pcs) or ca(2+)-free pcs in the presence of 40μm feso4/20μm h2o2. the results showed that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), the release of cytochrome c and dna fragmentation were caspase-dependent, and ca(2+) was involved in calpain activation and phosphatidylserine (ps) exposure in (∙)oh-i ...201626795598
interactive effects of selected pharmaceutical mixtures on bioaccumulation and biochemical status in crucian carp (carassius auratus).the aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of fluoxetine (flu), roxithromycin (rox) and propranolol (prp) on the bioaccumulation and biochemical responses in the crucian carp carassius auratus. after 7 days of binary exposure (rox + flu and prp + flu), the addition of waterborne flu at nominal concentrations of 4, 20 and 100 μg l(-1) significantly increased the accumulation of rox and prp in fish livers in most cases, although elevated rox and prp bioaccumulation levels were n ...201626800487
isolation and characterization of hematopoietic stem cells in teleost fish.despite 400 million years of evolutionary divergence, hematopoiesis is highly conserved between mammals and teleost fish. all types of mature blood cells including the erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid lineages show a high degree of similarity to their mammalian counterparts at the morphological and molecular level. hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) are cells that are capable of self-renewal and differentiating into all hematopoietic lineages over the lifetime of an organism. the study of hscs has ...201626801099
first detection of koi herpesvirus from koi, cyprinus carpio l. experiencing mass mortalities in iran: clinical, histopathological and molecular study.koi herpesvirus (khv) is the aetiological agent of an emerging disease (khvd) associated with mass mortalities in koi and common carp and reported from at least 30 countries. we report the first detection of khv from koi in iran using clinical, histopathological and molecular studies. khv-infected fish showed reduced swimming activity, sunken eyes and increased mucus production on skin and fins. on post-mortem examination, gill necrosis was observed in the majority of fish. histopathologically, ...201626813421
persistent halogenated compounds in fish from rivers in the pearl river delta, south china: geographical pattern and implications for anthropogenic effects on the environment.three fish species, mud carp (cirrhinus molitorella), tilapia (tilapia nilotica), and plecostomus (hypostomus plecostomus), from rivers in the pearl river delta (prd) were analyzed for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (ddts), hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), decabromodiphenyl ethane (dbdpe), and dechlorane plus (dp). the concentrations of ddts, hchs, pcbs, pbdes, dbdpe, and dp ranged from 380-57,000, 5.5-1 ...201626821261
complete genome sequence of fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila jbn2301.aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most important fish pathogens in china. here, we report complete genome sequence of a virulent strain, a. hydrophila jbn2301, which was isolated from diseased crucian carp.201626823580
roles of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in spinocerebellar ataxias.modulation of the intracellular calcium concentration is a ubiquitous signaling system involved in the control of numerous biological processes in a wide variety of cells. inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (ip3) receptors (ip3rs), which act as calcium release channels in the er membrane, play a key role in the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration. ip3r type 1 (ip3r1) is the major neuronal ip3r isoform in the central nervous system and particularly abundant in cerebellar purkinje cells. h ...201626827887
identification of furan fatty acids in the lipids of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).fatty acid (fa) composition was analyzed in muscle and gonad tissues of marketed common carp (cyprinus carpio). the extracted lipids were separated into four fractions: polar lipids (pl), diacylglycerols, free fatty acids and triacylglycerols (tag) using thin layer chromatography. fa content within the lipid fractions was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (gc/fid). the muscle lipids consisted primarily of tag (96.9% of total fa), while pl were the major component of ...201626830577
metabolism and disposition of aditoprim in swine, broilers, carp and rats.aditoprim (adp) is a newly developed antibacterial agent in veterinary medicine. the metabolism and disposition of adp in swine, broilers, carp and rats were investigated by using a radio tracer method combined with a radioactivity detector and a liquid chromatography/ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. after a single oral administration, more than 94% of the dose was recovered within 14 d in the four species. the urine excretion was dominant in swine and rats, making up 78% of the dose. ...201626838160
effects of polar solvents on the mechanical behavior of fish scales.fish scales are unique structural materials that serve as a form of natural armor. in this investigation the mechanical behavior of scales from the cyprinus carpio was evaluated after exposure to a polar solvent. uniaxial tensile and tear tests were conducted on specimens prepared from the scales of multiple fish extracted from near the head, middle and tail regions, and after exposure to ethanol for periods from 0 to 24h. submersion in ethanol caused instantaneous changes in the tensile propert ...201626838819
[distribution characteristics and potential risk of cbs in aquatic organisms from typical epidemic areas of schistosomiasis prevalence].eleven mollusca samples and 32 fish samples were collected from typical epidemic areas of schistosomiasis prevalence. the contents of 12 cb congeners in aquatic organism samples were measured using the gc/ms technique. the results indicated that 1,3-dic, 1,4-dic, 1,2-dic and hcb were the most predominant cb congeners in the samples from the studying area. the geometric average of cbs in muscle of mollusca was 11 947 ng x g(-1) lipid weight. the summarized concentration of cbs in fish muscle rang ...201526841624
editing of the luteinizing hormone gene to sterilize channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, using a modified zinc finger nuclease technology with electroporation.channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) is the most important freshwater aquaculture species in the usa. genetically enhanced fish that are sterile could both profit the catfish industry and reduce potential environmental and ecological risks. as the first step to generate sterile channel catfish, three sets of zinc finger nuclease (zfn) plasmids targeting the luteinizing hormone (lh) gene were designed and electroporated into one-cell embryos, different concentrations were introduced, and the cel ...201626846523
effect of common carp (cyprinus carpio) tlr9 overexpression on the expression of downstream interferon-associated immune factor mrnas in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells.toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) and play an important role in the antiviral response. to determine the effect of common carp tlr9 (cctlr9) overexpression on the expression of down-stream interferon associated immune factors in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cells, may provide useful information for the further investigation on the anti-virus effect mediated by tlr9 in fish. in this s ...201626848048
lowering temperature is the trigger for glycogen build-up and winter fasting in crucian carp (carassius carassius).seasonal changes in physiology of vertebrate animals are triggered by environmental cues including temperature, day-length and oxygen availability. crucian carp (carassius carassius) tolerate prolonged anoxia in winter by using several physiological adaptations that are seasonally activated. this study examines which environmental cues are required to trigger physiological adjustments for winter dormancy in crucian carp. to this end, crucian carp were exposed to changing environmental factors un ...201626853873
rheumatoid factor isotypes in relation to antibodies against citrullinated peptides and carbamylated proteins before the onset of rheumatoid arthritis.the presence of rheumatoid factor (rf), anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-carp) and antibodies against citrullinated protein and peptides (acpa) precedes the onset of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) by several years. relationships between the development of these antibodies are not obvious.201626860413
molecular cloning and expression determination of p38 mapk from the liver and kidney of silver carp.the sequence of p38mapk in silver carp (hm-p38a) was cloned and sequenced. additionally, the acute toxicity of crude microcystins (mcs) on silver carp and induction expression of hm-p38a by mcs exposure were also determined in this study. the results reveal that the length of hm-p38a is 2418 bp and it contains a 1086 bp open reading frame. hm-p38a could encode 361 amino acids. sequence analysis indicates that hm-p38a contains the conserved structures of thr-gly-tyr motif and substrate binding si ...201626866509
quality changes and predictive models of radial basis function neural networks for brined common carp (cyprinus carpio) fillets during frozen storage.to investigate and predict quality of 2% brined common carp (cyprinus carpio) fillets during frozen storage, free fatty acids (ffa), salt extractable protein (sep), total sulfhydryl (sh) content, and ca(2+)-atpase activity were determined at 261 k, 253 k, and 245 k, respectively. there was a dramatic increase (p<0.05) in ffa and a sharp decrease (p<0.05) in sh at 261 k during the first 3 weeks. sep decreased to 67.31% after 17 weeks at 245 k, whereas it took about 7 weeks and 13 weeks to decreas ...201626868584
purification and characterization of a fish granzymea involved in cell-mediated immunity.granzymes are serine proteases involved in the induction of cell death against non-self cells. the enzymes differ in their primary substrate specificity and have one of four hydrolysis activities: tryptase, asp-ase, met-ase and chymase. although granzyme genes have been isolated from several fishes, evidence for their involvement in cytotoxicity has not yet been reported. in the present study, we attempted to purify and characterize a fish granzyme involved in cytotoxicity using ginbuna crucian ...201626872543
aquatic hazard, bioaccumulation and screening risk assessment for ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate.the fluoropolymer manufacturing industry is moving to alternative polymerization processing aid technologies with more favorable toxicological and environmental profiles as part of a commitment to curtail the use of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas). to facilitate the environmental product stewardship assessment and premanufacture notification (pmn) process for a candidate replacement chemical, we conducted acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests to evaluate the toxicity of ammonium 2,3,3 ...201626874062
does serotonin-modulating anticonsolidation protein (smap) influence the choice of turning direction in carps, cyprinus carpio, in a t-maze?serotonin-modulating anticonsolidation protein (smap) can impair the formation of memory traces in mammals and fish. we have studied the influence of smap on behavioral lateralization of juvenile carps cyprinus carpio in a t-maze without food reinforcement in three experimental groups (n = 8 each): (1) negative control (intact animals); (2) experimental group (fish injected icv with smap; 2 μl, 1.2 mg ml(-1)) and (3) active control group (fish injected icv with inactivated smap). the behavioral ...201626874505
major acid endopeptidases of the blood-feeding monogenean eudiplozoon nipponicum (heteronchoinea: diplozoidae).in parasitic flatworms, acid endopeptidases are involved in crucial processes, including digestion, invasion, interactions with the host immune system, etc. in haematophagous monogeneans, however, no solid information has been available about the occurrence of these enzymes. here we aimed to identify major cysteine and aspartic endopeptidase activities in eudiplozoon nipponicum, an invasive haematophagous parasite of common carp. employing biochemical, proteomic and molecular tools, we found tha ...201626888494
mercury concentrations in common carp (cyprinus carpio) tissues, sediment and water from fish farm along the karoun river in iran.the karoun river is major source of water for warm‌water fish culture industry in southwest of iran. the aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of mercury in tissues of marketable common carp and in bottom sediments of fish farms in khouzestan province. this study was carried out on 45 fish farms that are located on the bank of the karoun river in khouzestan province, south-west iran. concentration of mercury (hg) was determined using spectrophotometery in three tissues (mu ...201526893811
effects of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on growth, some immune responses and gut lactic acid bacteria of common carp (cyprinus carpio) fingerlings.this study was conducted to determine the effects of mannan oligosaccharide (mos) on growth, some immune responses and gut lactic acid bacteria of common carp. four experimental diets containing 0%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.20% mos were prepared. each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with initial average weight of approximately 14 g. after eight weeks, survival rate was high in all treatments with no significant difference (p > 0.05). growth performance including final weight, ...201526893815
effects of invasive fish and quality of water and sediment on macrophytes biomass, and their consequences for the waterbird community of a mediterranean floodplain.floodplains are among the most threatened ecosystems world-wide because of multiple stressors, i.e., invasive species, pollution and aquifer overexploitation; the tablas de daimiel national park (spain) is a clear example of these kinds of impact. this work aims to test whether invasive fish and/or the water and sediment quality are significant drivers of the decline of stonewort (chara spp.) meadows in the tablas de daimiel, investigating how this could explain changes observed in the waterbird ...201626896580
autotetraploid cell line induced by sp600125 from crucian carp and its developmental potentiality.polyploidy has many advantages over diploidy, such as rapid growth, sterility, and disease resistance, and has been extensively applied in agriculture and aquaculture. though generation of new polyploids via polyploidization has been achieved in plants by different ways, it is comparatively rare in animals. in this article, by a chemical compound, sp600125, polyploidization is induced in fish cells in vitro, and a stable autotetraploid cell line has been generated from diploid fibroblast cells o ...201626898354
bioconcentration and metabolism of ketoconazole and effects on multi-biomarkers in crucian carp (carassius auratus).the tissue distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism and biological effects of the antifungal medication ketoconazole were investigated in fish, crucian carp (carassius auratus) were exposed to a series of nominal concentrations (0.2, 2 and 20 μg/l) for 14 days. the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectroscopy (uplc/ms/ms) analysis was used to determine the bioconcentration of ketoconazole and its metabolites in fish. the highest tissue concentration o ...201626901470
applying attenuated total reflection-mid-infrared (atr-mir) spectroscopy to detect hairtail surimi in mixed surimi and their surimi products.atr-mir spectroscopic analysis was used to classify sliver carp surimi and surimi products adulterated with different levels of hairtail surimi. five chemometric methods, including simca (soft independent modeling class of analogies), knn (k-nearest neighbor), svr (support vector machines regression), plsda (partial least squares discriminate analysis) and id3 (interative dicremiser version 3) decision tree were used to build the classifying models. and the performances of the models were compar ...201526904846
spring viraemia of carp virus: recent advances.spring viraemia of carp is an environmentally and economically important disease affecting cyprinids, primarily common carp (cyprinus carpio). the causative agent of this disease is spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) - a member of the genus vesiculovirus of the family rhabdoviridae. the disease is presently endemic in europe, america and several asian countries, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality in affected fish. svcv infection is generally associated with exophthalmia; abdom ...201626905065
[pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of pahs in water and fishes from daqing lakes].the concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in 30 water samples and 5 tissues (gill, liver, brain, kidney and muscle) of 36 fishes which were collected from 18 typical lakes of the daqing lakes group, china were measured between february and april 2012. the results of pahs concentrations in the water showed that the range of total concentrations was 0.2-1.21 μg x l(-1) and the highest concentration was found in the yueliangpao lake. clustering analysis of statistical method ...201526911021
influence of submarine groundwater discharge on (210)po and (210)pb bioaccumulation in fish tissues.this study presents the results of the accumulation of (210)po and (210)pb in fish tissues and organs in a brackish-water marshland that is characterized by high concentrations of (222)rn and (226)ra supplied by submarine groundwater discharge (sgd). tissues and organs from cyprinus carpio, chelon labrosus and carassius auratus in the wetland were significantly enriched by both (210)pb and (210)po (up to 55 and 66 times, respectively) compared to blanks. the major input route of (210)pb and (210 ...201626913976
phase i metabolism of 3-methylindole, an environmental pollutant, by hepatic microsomes from carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).we studied the in vitro metabolism of 3-methylindole (3mi) in hepatic microsomes from fish. hepatic microsomes from juvenile and adult carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were included in the study. incubation of 3mi with hepatic microsomes revealed the time-dependent formation of two major metabolites, 3-methyloxindole (3moi) and indole-3-carbinol (i3c). the rate of 3moi production was similar in both species at both ages. no differences in kinetic parameters were obs ...201626915592
fullerene inhibits benzo(a)pyrene efflux from cyprinus carpio hepatocytes by affecting cell membrane fluidity and p-glycoprotein expression.p-glycoprotein (p-gp) can protect cells by pumping out toxic compounds, and has been found widely expressed in fish tissues. here, we illustrate the p-gp efflux ability for benzo(a)pyrene (bap) in the hepatocytes of common carp (cyprinus carpio) after exposing to fullerene aqueous suspension (nc60). the results revealed that nc60 increased the membrane fluidity by decreasing the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids, and increased the cholesterol contents. these findings, combined with 1 ...201626918948
comparative movements of four large fish species in a lowland river.a multi-year radio-telemetry data set was used to comparatively examine the concurrent movements of the adults of three large-bodied australian native freshwater fishes (murray cod maccullochella peelii, trout cod maccullochella macquariensis and golden perch macquaria ambigua) and the introduced carp cyprinus carpio. the study was conducted over a reach scale in the regulated murray river in south-eastern australia. differences were identified in the movements among these species. the predomina ...201626919062
effect of 4-week feeding of deoxynivalenol- or t-2-toxin-contaminated diet on lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox system in the hepatopancreas of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the purpose of study was to investigate the effects of t-2 toxin (4.11 mg t-2 toxin and 0.45 mg ht-2 toxin kg(-1) feed) and deoxynivalenol (5.96 and 0.33 mg 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (don) kg(-1) feed) in 1-year-old common carp juveniles in a 4-week feeding trial. the exposure of mycotoxins resulted in increased mortality in both groups consuming mycotoxin-contaminated diet. parameters of lipid peroxidation were not affected during the trial, and antioxidant defence also did not show response to ...201626920403
cloning and characterization of two duplicated interleukin-17a/f2 genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.): transcripts expression and bioactivity of recombinant il-17a/f2.interleukin-17 (il-17) plays an important role in inflammation and host defense in mammals. in this study, we identified two duplicated il-17a/f2 genes in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) (ccil-17a/f2a and ccil-17a/f2b), putative encoded proteins contain 140 amino acids (aa) with conserved il-17 family motifs. expression analysis revealed high constitutive expression of ccil-17a/f2s in mucosal tissues, including gill, skin and intestine, their expression could be induced by aeromonas hydrophila ...201626921542
phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in an urban receiving river (panlong river) of yunnan-guizhou plateau: occurrence, bioaccumulation and sources.the objectives of this study were to track the occurrence, bioaccumulation and sources of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) in a representative urban river (panlong river) of yunnan-guizhou plateau. it provided more comprehensive fundamental data for risk assessment and contamination control of phenolic edcs in aquatic environments. phenolic edcs, such as nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate (np2eo), nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate (np1eo), 4-nonylphenol (4-np), bisphenol a (bpa), 4-cumylphenol (4 ...201626921547
predictive factors of radiological progression after 2 years of remission-steered treatment in early arthritis patients: a post hoc analysis of the improved study.to identify predictive factors of radiological progression in early arthritis patients treated by remission-steered treatment.201626925251
motility of carp spermatozoa is associated with profound changes in the sperm proteome.in freshwater cyprinids, spermatozoa are quiescent in seminal plasma and sperm motility is initiated by a decrease in osmolality (hypo-osmotic shock) after discharge into the aqueous environment. however, it is unknown at present if and to what extent changes in proteins are involved in carp sperm motility. therefore, the aim of our study was to identify proteins related to carp sperm motility through a comparison of immobilized and activated carp spermatozoa using a 2d-dige approach. our result ...201626926441
effect of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and proximate composition of common carp, cyprinus carpio.the experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chicken manure and inorganic fertilizer (single super phosphate and urea) on growth performance viz. increase in wet body weight, length, specific growth rate (sgr), condition factor (cf), survival rate and proximate composition of cyprinus carpio. experimental water in tubs was treated in duplicates with low (pt) @8000 kgha , medium (pt2) @10,000 kgha(-1) and high (pt) @12,000 kg/ha doses of chicken manure and also with low, medium and high ...201626930873
molecular mechanism of endocrine system impairment by 17α-methyltestosterone in gynogenic pengze crucian carp offspring.the effects of synthetic androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (mt) on endocrine impairment were examined in crucian carp. immature 7-month old mono-female pengze crucian carp (pcc) f2 offspring were exposed to 50 and 100 μg/l of mt (week 2, 4, and 8). gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intestine weight altered considerably and oocyte development was repressed. in the treatment groups, ovarian 11-ketotestosterone decreased, whereas 17β-estradiol and testosterone increased, and ovarian aromat ...201626938152
morphological and molecular characterization of thelohanellus macrovacuolaris n. sp. (myxosporea: bivalvulida) infecting the palate in the mouth of common carp cyprinus carpio l. in china.thelohanellus macrovacuolaris n. sp. is described during a survey on myxozoan diversity of common carp cyprinus carpio l. in china. it is characterized by the presence of round or ellipsoidal plasmodium in the palate in the mouth of host. mature spores were pyriform in frontal view, lemon shaped in lateral view, measuring 21.6±0.9 (19.3-23.8) long, 12.5±0.7 (10.3-13.6) wide, and 10.2±0.4 (9.8-11.8) thick. most spores were surrounded by the membrane sheath. single polar capsule was round with an ...201626939982
effects of ala-gln feeding strategies on growth, metabolism, and crowding stress resistance of juvenile cyprinus carpio var. jian.the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different l-alanyl-l-glutamine (ala-gln) feeding strategies on the growth performance, metabolism and crowding stress resistance related parameters in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) under crowded condition (80 g/l). juvenile jian carp (initial weight 26.1 ± 0.6 g) were distributed into five groups which fed with graded concentrations (0% or 1.0%) of ala-gln for eight weeks. control group (i, 0/0) fed with control diet (0% ...201626945938
role of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies compared to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in indigenous north americans with rheumatoid arthritis, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, including seropositivity for rheumatoid factor (rf) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpas). in addition, antibodies to carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) are present in patients with ra and are associated with joint damage. this study was undertaken to assess the presence of anti-carp antibodies in indigenous north americans (first nations [fn] populations) with ra compared to their at-risk first-degree relat ...201626946484
tissue specific metal characterization of selected fish species in pakistan.concentration of various metals, i.e., zinc (zn), copper (cu), lead (pb), nickel (ni), iron (fe), manganese (mn), chromium (cr), and silver (ag), was evaluated in five indigenous fish species (namely, silver carp, common carp, mahseer, thela fish, and rainbow trout), by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. it is proved from this study that, overall, mahseer and rainbow trout had high amount of zinc, whereas thela fish and silver carp had high concentration of copper, chromium, silver, nick ...201626951449
data in the activities of caspases and the levels of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome c in the •oh-induced fish erythrocytes treated with alanine, citrulline, proline and their combination.the present study explored the effects of alanine (ala), citrulline (cit), proline (pro) and their combination (ala10pro4cit1) on the activities of caspases and levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) and cytochrome c in hydroxyl radicals (•oh)-induced carp erythrocytes. the data displayed that •oh induced the increases in the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ros and cytochrome c in carp erythrocytes. however, ala, cit, pro and ala10pro4cit1 effectively suppress ...201626952131
in silico assessment of primers for edna studies using primertree and application to characterize the biodiversity surrounding the cuyahoga river.analysis of environmental dna (edna) enables the detection of species of interest from water and soil samples, typically using species-specific pcr. here, we describe a method to characterize the biodiversity of a given environment by amplifying edna using primer pairs targeting a wide range of taxa and high-throughput sequencing for species identification. we tested this approach on 91 water samples of 40 ml collected along the cuyahoga river (ohio, usa). we amplified edna using 12 primer pairs ...201626965911
autoantibodies in inflammatory arthritis.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease characterized by extensive synovitis resulting in erosions of articular cartilage and marginal bone with joint destruction. the lack of immunological tolerance in ra represents the first step toward the development of autoimmunity. susceptible individuals, under the influence of environmental factors, such as tobacco smoke, and silica exposure, develop autoimmune phenomena that result in the presence of autoantibodies. hla and ...201626970491
metal pollution in biotic and abiotic samples of the büyük menderes river, turkey.the büyük menderes river (bmr) is one of the largest rivers in turkey. this river irrigates efficient farmlands and includes tributaries of other rivers and streams and many populated towns within its limits in the ege region. both the estuary and işıklı lake serve as a sanctuary for various waterbirds. therefore, the bmr plays a critical role both for the inhabitants and for the ecosystem organisms in its environs. in the present study, we analyzed levels of metals including iron, barium, zinc, ...201726971518
comparing radseq and microsatellites to infer complex phylogeographic patterns, an empirical perspective in the crucian carp, carassius carassius, l.the conservation of threatened species must be underpinned by phylogeographic knowledge. this need is epitomized by the freshwater fish carassius carassius, which is in decline across much of its european range. restriction site-associated dna sequencing (radseq) is increasingly used for such applications; however, radseq is expensive, and limitations on sample number must be weighed against the benefit of large numbers of markers. this trade-off has previously been examined using simulation stu ...201626971882
stimulation of spermiation by human chorionic gonadotropin and carp pituitary extract in grass puffer, takifugu niphobles.spermiation was stimulated in the mature grass puffer, takifugu niphobles, with an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) or carp pituitary extract (cpe). spermatocrit and sperm density were reduced, but milt production was increased in both the hcg and cpe treatment groups relative to those in the control group (p <0.05). these results should be useful for increasing the fertilization efficiency in grass puffer breeding programs.201526973977
targeted disruption of sp7 and myostatin with crispr-cas9 results in severe bone defects and more muscular cells in common carp.the common carp (cyprinus carpio) as one of the most important aquaculture fishes produces over 3 million metric tones annually, approximately 10% the annual production of the all farmed freshwater fish worldwide. however, the tetraploidy genome and long generation-time of the common carp have made its breeding and genetic studies extremely difficult. here, talen and crispr-cas9, two versatile genome-editing tools, are employed to target common carp bone-related genes sp7, runx2, bmp2a, spp1, op ...201626976234
identification, cdna cloning, and characterization of luteinizing hormone beta subunit (lhb) gene in catla catla.reproductive hormones play a significant role in the gonadal development and gametogenesis process of animals. in the present study luteinizing hormone beta, (lhb) subunit gene was cloned and characterized from the brain of catla catla. the lhb full-length of cdna sequence is 629 bp which consists of 43bp 5'-utr (untranslated region) 447bp, orf(open reading frame) and 139 bp of 3'-utr respectively. the coding region of lhb gene encoded a peptide of 148 amino acids. the coding sequence of lhb gen ...201626980432
expression profile of carp ifn correlate with the up-regulation of interferon regulatory factor-1 (irf-1) in vivo and in vitro: the pivotal molecules in antiviral defense.interferon regulatory factors (irfs) are a family of transcription factors that mediate the transcriptional regulation of interferon (ifn) genes and ifn-inducible genes. in this study, irf-1 gene is cloned from the common carp, cyprinus carpio l., named ccirf-1. the full-length cdna of ccirf-1 is 1427 bp, including an open reading frame of 861 bp encoding a protein of 286 amino acids. the putative ccirf-1 is characterized by a conserved dna-binding domain and includes a signature of six conserve ...201626993613
spring viremia of carp virus n protein suppresses fish ifnφ1 production by targeting the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein.for a virus to replicate efficiently, it must try and inhibit host ifn expression because ifn is an important host defense at early stages after viral infection. for aquatic viruses, the mechanisms used to escape the hosts ifn system are still unclear. in this study, we show that the n protein of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) inhibits zebrafish ifnφ1 production by degrading the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs). first, the upregulation of ifnφ1 promoter activity stimulated b ...201626994222
[evaluation of ivermectin's reproductive toxicity to male carassius auratus].as a new type of antiparasitic drugs, ivermectin (ivm) has been widely applied in agriculture, stock raising and aquaculture in china because of its broad spectrum and high efficiency. in order to evaluate the ivm' s reproductive toxicity to male crucian carp (carassius auratus), ivm was orally given to the experimental fish with different dosages and the gonadosomatic index (gsi), sexual hormone contents (including testosterone and estradiol) in serum and testis, γ-aminobutyric acid content in ...201526995928
estimating the dna strand breakage using a fuzzy inference system and agarose gel electrophoresis, a case study with toothed carp aphanius sophiae exposed to cypermethrin.the dna breakage has been widely used in ecotoxicological studies to investigate effects of pesticides in fishes. the present study used a fuzzy inference system to quantify the breakage of dna double strand in aphanius sophiae exposed to the cypermethrin. the specimens were adapted to different temperatures and salinity for 14 days and then exposed to cypermethrin. dna of each specimens were extracted, electrophoresed and photographed. a fuzzy system with three input variables and 27 rules were ...201627000282
substrate specificity of proteolytic activity in the testes fluid and seminal plasma of the common carp cyprinus carpio.substrate specificity in the seminal plasma and testes fluids of the common carp cyprinus carpio was determined using gelatin, casein, albumin and haemoglobin. proteolytic profiles of the testes and seminal plasma were compared. different ranges of ph (5·5-9·5) and temperature (4-37° c) were used during incubations of seminal plasma proteinases. differences in proteolytic activity between testes and seminal plasma may reflect specific functions of the testes and sperm ducts in semen production. ...201627001550
identification and expression analysis of the sting gene, a sensor of viral dna, in common carp cyprinus carpio.stimulator of interferon gene (sting) was identified and characterized from common carp cyprinus carpio. the sting messenger (m)rna encoded a polypeptide of 402 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 46·184 kda and an isoelectronic point of 6·08. the deduced protein of sting contained a signal peptide, three transmembrane motifs in the n-terminal region and four putative motifs (rxr) found in resident endoplasmic reticulum proteins. mrna expression of sting was present in twelve investi ...201627001661
the effect of encapsulated fennel extracts on the quality of silver carp fillets during refrigerated storage.the effect of fennel extract on the quality of silver carp (hypophthalmicthys molitrix) fillets, and the possible efficacy of liposomal encapsulation in the improvement of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity during chilled storage (4 + 1°c) of the fillets were examined over a period of 15 days. silver carp fillets were treated with pure fennel extract (0.3% and 0.5% w/v) and liposomal encapsulated fennel extract (0.3% and 0.5% w/v), and their quality changes in terms of total volatile bas ...201627004119
bioaccumulation of metals in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) from water bodies of anatolia (turkey): a review with implications for fisheries and human food consumption.although fish is widely consumed by humans for its nutritional properties, accumulation of heavy metals can pose serious health hazards. widespread common carp cyprinus carpio is cultured worldwide and represents an economically important species for fisheries in several countries. these include turkey, where c. carpio often makes for a large part of the sales of the locally marketed fish and also for a traditional dish. this study provides a review of bioaccumulation of metals in tissues of c. ...201627007291
molecular characterization and expressing analysis of the c-type and g-type lysozymes in qihe crucian carp carassius auratus.lysozyme as an important nonspecific immune factor, can kill bacteria by hydrolyzing β-1,4-glycosidic linkages of peptidoglycan layer, and plays an important role in innate immune response against pathogen infection. in the present study, we report molecular cloning, tissue distribution and functional characterization of the c-type and g-type lysozymes in qihe crucian carp carassius auratus (designated as ca-clys and ca-glys, respectively). the full-length of ca-clys and ca-glys cdna were cloned ...201627012394
deltamethrin is toxic to the fish (crucian carp, carassius carassius) heart.pyrethroids are extensively used for the control of insect pests and disease vectors. pyrethroids are regarded safe due to their selective toxicity: they are effective against insects but relatively harmless to mammals and birds. unfortunately, pyrethroids are very toxic to fishes. the high toxicity of pyrethroids to fishes is only partly explained by slow metabolic elimination of pyrethroids, suggesting that some molecular targets in vital organs of the fish body are sensitive to pyrethroids. t ...201627017879
identification of deleterious mutations in myostatin gene of rohu carp (labeo rohita) using modeling and molecular dynamic simulation approaches.the myostatin (mstn) is a known negative growth regulator of skeletal muscle. the mutated myostatin showed a double-muscular phenotype having a positive significance for the farmed animals. consequently, adequate information is not available in the teleosts, including farmed rohu carp, labeo rohita. in the absence of experimental evidence, computational algorithms were utilized in predicting the impact of point mutation of rohu myostatin, especially its structural and functional relationships. t ...201627019850
quality control outcomes analysis of small-incision lenticule extraction for myopia by a novice surgeon at the first refractive surgery unit in nepal during the first 2 years of operation.to evaluate the outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction for myopia using the visumax femtosecond laser at the first refractive surgery unit in nepal during the first 30 months of operation.201627026452
doctor, can i desensitize my food-allergic child using directly the allergenic molecules?food allergy has risen in prevalence worldwide and is one of the main causes of anaphylaxis, especially in children. the only possible therapeutic approach is specific immunotherapy. this review describes the recent approaches using allergenic molecules for specific immunotherapy.201627031674
genome wide identification of scavenger receptors class a in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and their expression following aeromonas hydrophila infection.scavenger receptors class a (scaras) is a subgroup of diverse families of pattern recognition receptors that bind a range of ligands, and play important roles in innate immune processes through pathogens detection, adhesion, endocytosis, and phagocytosis. however, most studies of scaras have focused on mammals, and much less is known of scaras in fish species. in this study, we identified 7 scaras across the common carp genome, which were classified into four subclasses according to comparative ...201627041666
experimental infection of aphanomyces invadans and susceptibility in seven species of tropical fish.epizootic ulcerative syndrome (eus) causes by aquatic oomycete fungus, aphanomyces invadans is a dangerous fish disease of a wide range of fresh and brackish water, wild and farmed fish throughout the world. the objective of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of a number of tropical fish species to the eus and compare the severity of infection between experimental groups.201527047195
effect of diphenyl diselenide diet supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers in two species of freshwater fish exposed to the insecticide fipronil.the ability of diphenyl diselenide [(phse)2] to attenuate oxidative damage was evaluated in the liver, gills, brain, and muscle of carp (cyprinus carpio) and silver catfish (rhamdia quelen) experimentally exposed to fipronil (fpn). initially, the fish were fed a diet without (phse)2 or a diet containing 3.0 mg/kg of (phse)2 for 60 days. after the 60-day period, the fish were exposed to 0.65 µg/l of fpn for 192 h. the results showed that carp exposed to fpn and not fed with (phse)2 exhibited acet ...201627048596
large-scale tissue-specific and temporal gene expression profiles in pengze crucian carp.in the present study, the tissue-specific and temporal gene expression profiles of four catalogues of gonadal development-related genes (sex differentiation-related, steroid receptor, steroidogenic, and structural genes) were detected in nine tissues and during 11 successive developmental stages in the pengze crucian carp (pcc) (a triploid mono-female gynogenic fish). the results showed that these target genes exhibited overlapping distributions in various tissues, with the exception of pcc-vasa ...201627051032
genome-wide identification, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio).the atp-binding cassette (abc) gene family is considered to be one of the largest gene families in all forms of prokaryotic and eukaryotic life. although the abc transporter genes have been annotated in some species, detailed information about the abc superfamily and the evolutionary characterization of abc genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio) are still unclear. in this research, we identified 61 abc transporter genes in the common carp genome. phylogenetic analysis revealed that they could be ...201627058731
mutations in the c-terminal region affect subcellular localization of crucian carp herpesvirus (cahv) gpcr.g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) are known as seven transmembrane domain receptors and consequently can mediate diverse biological functions via regulation of their subcellular localization. crucian carp herpesvirus (cahv) was recently isolated from infected fish with acute gill hemorrhage. cahv gpcr of 349 amino acids (aa) was identified based on amino acid identity. a series of variants with truncation/deletion/substitution mutation in the c-terminal (aa 315-349) were constructed and expres ...201627059239
a role for multiple estrogen receptors in immune regulation of common carp.estrogens are important for bi-directional neuroendocrine-immune interaction. they act via nuclear estrogen receptors (erα and erβ) and/or g-protein coupled receptor - gpr30. we found expression of erα, erβ and gpr30 in carp lymphoid tissues and head kidney monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes. interestingly, erβ is also expressed in some head kidney lymphocytes but not in naive pbls. immune stimulation altered the cell type specific profile of expression of these receptors, which ...201727062969
kinematics modeling and simulation of a bionic fish tail system based on linear hypocycloid.kinematics and simulation study on a two-joint linear hypocycloid tail driving system composed of a special planetary gear system and a linkage mechanism are conducted in this paper. first, the composition and working principle of the linear hypocycloid tail transmission system are introduced and analyzed. second, the kinematics study on the transmission mechanism is conducted with graphical method of vector equation. the relationships between the caudal peduncle stroke, the tail fin swing angle ...201527065747
segregated water observed in a putative fish embryo cryopreservative.development of new cryopreservation strategies has major potential in medicine and agriculture and is critical to the conservation of endangered species that currently cannot be preserved. a critical property of any potential cryopreservative solution is its ability to prevent cell-damaging ice formation during cooling and subsequent heating. this study focuses on the freezing behaviour of promising model cryoprotective solutions. we perform neutron scattering analysis, combined with computer mo ...201627069654
development of vaccines against nocardiosis in fishes.nocardiosis, one of the most systemic and devastating diseases, is currently emerging as an important disease of cultured marine and freshwater fishes. the causative agent of this disease is nocardia seriolae, a gram-positive acid-fast bacterium. an effective vaccine/vaccination strategy against this pathogen is necessary to control the significant loss in aquaculture practices. in this chapter, we present the vaccination/immunization protocol in fish against both live (sublethal) and inactivate ...201627076299
dynamics and effects of ligula intestinalis (l.) infection in the native fish barbus callensis valenciennes, 1842 in algeria.the dynamics of the emergence, duration, and decline phases in epizootic cycles are well known for humans and some crops, but they are poorly understood for host-parasite systems in the wild. parasites may be particularly insidious as they are often introduced unintentionally, simultaneously with their hosts, and later transferred to species in the new location. here we investigate the epizootic dynamics of the tapeworm ligula intestinalis in the hamiz reservoir, algeria, and explore its effects ...201627078654
[bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals in three gorges reservoir and effect of biological factors].three gorges reservoir (tgr) reached the maximum water level (175 m) of impoundment in oct. 2010. in order to reveal the potential influence of the greatest water-level impoundment on the heavy metal pollution in the typical waters of tgr, the content level of trace metals ( hg, cd and pb) in biota and potential biomagnification along the aquatic food chain were investigated in the main stem of tgr from july 2011 to august 2012, as well as the relationship between the trace metal concentrations ...201627078974
establishing targeted carp tlr22 gene disruption via homologous recombination using crispr/cas9.recent advances in gene editing techniques have not been exploited in farmed fishes. we established a gene targeting technique, using the crispr/cas9 system in labeo rohita, a farmed carp (known as rohu). we demonstrated that donor dna was integrated via homologous recombination (hr) at the site of targeted double-stranded nicks created by crispr/cas9 nuclease. this resulted in the successful disruption of rohu toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) gene, involved in innate immunity and exclusively prese ...201627079451
a comparison of endogenous and microbial proteolytic activities during fast fermentation of silver carp inoculated with lactobacillus plantarum.the study was aimed to investigate different roles of endogenous and lactobacillus plantarum proteases during fast fermentation of silver carp. the results show that endogenous proteases could degrade both sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. in contrast, l. plantarum had low proteinase activities and could only hydrolyze sarcoplasmic peptides. this indicates that gel properties could be mainly affected by endogenous proteolysis while microbial proteolysis contributed to the production of sma ...201627080883
multi-residue method for the determination of organofluorine pesticides in fish tissue by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry.a multiresidue method for the determination of organofluorine pesticides in fish tissue samples was developed and optimized. this method is based on a cleanup step of the extracted samples with acetonitrile, and carried out by solid phase extraction (spe) with aminopropyl (nh2) cartridge, before the identification and quantification of the residues by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). the performance characteristics, such as accuracy, precision, linear ...201627080897
determination of the effects of different washing processes on aroma characteristics in silver carp mince by mmse-gc-ms, e-nose and sensory evaluation.the present study investigated the volatile compounds of silver carp mince and the effects of washing processes on the integral aroma characteristics and aroma-active compounds (aacs) of the mince. 57 volatile compounds were identified by monolithic material sorptive extraction (mmse) and gc-ms analysis, and 13 volatile compounds with odor activity values greater than 1 (oavs > 1) were further selected as aacs contributing primarily to the integral aroma profile of silver carp. washing methods a ...201627080898
(uncommon) mechanisms of branchial ammonia excretion in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) in response to environmentally induced metabolic acidosis.freshwater fishes generally increase ammonia excretion in acidic waters. the new model of ammonia transport in freshwater fish involves an association between the rhesus (rh) protein rhcg-b, the na(+)/h(+) exchanger (nhe), and a suite of other membrane transporters. we tested the hypothesis that rhcg-b and nhe3 together play a critical role in branchial ammonia excretion in common carp (cyprinus carpio) chronically exposed to a low-ph environment. carp were exposed to three sequential environmen ...201627082522
variation in susceptibility pattern of fish to argulus siamensis: do immune responses of host play a role?branchiuran ectoparasites of the genus argulus can have extensive damaging effects on cultured fish. there exist no systematic studies that evaluate susceptibility or resistance of various carp species to argulus sp. and the underlying mechanisms. the present study aimed at identifying the most susceptible and resistant cultured species, studying settlement and survival of parasite on these species, and finally unravelling the variations of immune response in both resistant and susceptible speci ...201627084477
autotriploid origin of carassius auratus as revealed by chromosomal locus analysis.in the dongting water system, the carassius auratus (crucian carp) complex is characterized by the coexistence of diploid forms (2n=100, 2ncc) and polyploid forms. chromosomal and karyotypic analyses have suggested that the polyploid c. auratus has a triploid (3n=150, 3ncc) and a tetraploid origin (4n=200), respectively. however, there is a lack of direct genetic evidence to support this conclusion. in this paper, analysis of the 5s rdna chromosomal locus revealed that the 3ncc is of triploid or ...201627084707
detecting the movement and spawning activity of bigheaded carps with environmental dna.bigheaded carps are invasive fishes threatening to invade the great lakes basin and establish spawning populations, and have been monitored using environmental dna (edna). not only does edna hold potential for detecting the presence of species, but may also allow for quantitative comparisons like relative abundance of species across time or space. we examined the relationships among bigheaded carp movement, hydrography, spawning and edna on the wabash river, in, usa. we found positive relationsh ...201627087387
oxidative stress and immune disturbance after long-term exposure to bisphenol a in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio).bisphenol a (bpa) is a well-known endocrine disrupting chemical (edc), ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, which poses an ecotoxicological risk to the health of aquatic organisms. however, the immunotoxic effects of its long-term exposure on fish have received limited attention. we examined a number of typical immune-related parameters and oxidative stress indices in the liver and blood serum of the red common carp (cyprinus carpio), following a 30-day exposure to five different concentration ...201627088622
effects of dietary supplementations with the fibrous root of rhizoma coptidis and its main alkaloids on non-specific immunity and disease resistance of common carp.the effects of fibrous root of rhizoma coptidis (frc) and its main alkaloids on non-specific immunity and disease resistance of common carp were investigated. the fish were randomly assigned to seven groups: normal control group (nc), groups treated with 12.5 g/kg frc (frc-l), 25 g/kg frc (frc-m), 50 g/kg frc (frc-h), 0.78 g/kg total alkaloids (ta), 0.78 g/kg berberine (bbr), and 0.78 g/kg coptisine (cop), respectively. results showed that the activities of myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and respirat ...201627090624
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