Publications
Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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the inhibitory effect of four thiosemicarbazones on cryptococcus neoformans. | 1952 | 24542153 | |
essential oil characterization of two azorean cryptomeria japonica populations and their biological evaluations. | essential oils from foliage, bark and heartwood of cryptomeriajaponica d. don from azores archipelago (portugal) were analyzed by gc and gc-ms. two populations, of black and reddish heartwood color, were studied. the main compounds found in the foliage of both populations were alpha-pinene (9.6-29.5%), (+)-phyllocladene (3.5-26.5%), ent-kaur-16-ene (0.2-20.6%), sabinene (0.5-19.9%) and limonene (1.4-11.5%), with a large variation in individual compounds from each population. heartwood oils were ... | 2013 | 24555299 |
matricellular protein cfl1 regulates cell differentiation. | like higher eukaryotic cells in tissues, microbial cells in a community act in concert in response to environmental stimuli. they coordinate gene expression and their physiological and morphological states through intercellular communication mediated by matricellular signals. the adhesion protein cfl1 was recently shown to be a matricellular signal in regulating morphogenesis and biofilm formation in the eukaryotic microbe cryptococcus neoformans. cfl1 is naturally highly expressed in the hyphal ... | 2013 | 24567775 |
cryptococcal infection in non-hiv immunosuppressed patients - three case reports in a nephrology setting. | cryptococcal infection has been increasing among immunosuppressed population. we report three cases of cryptococcus neoformans infection in immunosuppressed patients - two renal transplanted and one with lupus nephritis. early infection (<3months) was diagnosed in two - an allograft cryptococcus infection and a central nervous system involvement. the third, a 10-year transplant vintage patient, presented with cryptococcal meningitis. amphotericin b provided good clinical outcomes. we outline the ... | 2014 | 24567894 |
cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan fractions of different molecular masses are functionally distinct. | glucuronoxylomannan (gxm) is the major polysaccharide component of cryptococcus neoformans. we evaluated in this study whether gxm fractions of different molecular masses were functionally distinct. | 2014 | 24571070 |
the tools for virulence of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes almost half a million deaths each year. it is believed that most humans are infected with c. neoformans, possibly in a form that survives through latency in the lung and can reactivate to cause disease if the host becomes immunosuppressed. c. neoformans has a remarkably sophisticated intracellular survival capacities yet it is a free-living fungus with no requirement for mammalian virulence whatsoever. in this review, we discuss the tools ... | 2014 | 24581388 |
pbx proteins in cryptococcus neoformans cell wall remodeling and capsule assembly. | the cryptococcal capsule is a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen, but little is known about how it is associated with the cell or released into the environment. two mutants lacking pbx1 and pbx2 were found to shed reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (gxm). nuclear magnetic resonance, composition, and physical analyses showed that the shed material was of normal mass but was slightly enriched in xylose. in contrast to previous reports, this material c ... | 2014 | 24585882 |
a vanillin derivative causes mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers oxidative stress in cryptococcus neoformans. | vanillin is a well-known food and cosmetic additive and has antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. it has also been suggested to have antifungal activity against major human pathogenic fungi, although it is not very effective. in this study, the antifungal activities of vanillin and 33 vanillin derivatives against the human fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans, the main pathogen of cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised patients, were investigated. we found a structural correlation b ... | 2014 | 24586538 |
cryptococcus neoformans is internalized by receptor-mediated or 'triggered' phagocytosis, dependent on actin recruitment. | cryptococcosis by the encapsulated yeast cryptococcus neoformans affects mostly immunocompromised individuals and is a frequent neurological complication in aids patients. recent studies support the idea that intracellular survival of cryptococcus yeast cells is important for the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis. however, the initial steps of cryptococcus internalization by host cells remain poorly understood. here, we investigate the mechanism of cryptococcus neoformans phagocytosis by peritoneal ... | 2014 | 24586631 |
histopathological changes of the thyroid and parathyroid glands in hiv-infected patients. | objective. to study histopathology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands in hiv-infected african americans in the united states. methods. a retrospective review of 102 autopsy cases done by the department of pathology at howard university hospital from 1980 through 2007 was conducted. the histopathological findings of the thyroid and parathyroid glands were reviewed, both macroscopically and microscopically. a control group of autopsy patients with chronic non-hiv diseases was examined. results. ... | 2014 | 24587936 |
fulminant atypical cryptococcus neoformans pneumonia confirmed by plex-id. | use of the plex-id system can lead to a rapid molecular diagnosis in microbiology. to illustrate the clinical implications of this new diagnostic tool, we present the case of a 46-year-old patient admitted with severe respiratory failure and septic shock. cryptococcal pneumonia was diagnosed by fungi-fluor™ staining of the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and the patient tested positive for hiv. unfortunately, he died 12h after admission despite intensive care support and treatment with broad-spectr ... | 2014 | 24589681 |
temporal kinetics and quantitative analysis of cryptococcus neoformans nonlytic exocytosis. | cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of cryptococcosis, a disease that is often fatal to those with compromised immune systems. c. neoformans has the capacity to escape phagocytic cells through a process known as nonlytic exocytosis whereby the cryptococcal cell is released from the macrophage into the extracellular environment, leaving both the host and pathogen alive. little is known about the mechanism behind nonlytic exocytosis, but there is ... | 2014 | 24595144 |
structure-activity relationships among antifungal nylon-3 polymers: identification of materials active against drug-resistant strains of candida albicans. | fungal infections are a major challenge to human health that is heightened by pathogen resistance to current therapeutic agents. previously, we were inspired by host-defense peptides to develop nylon-3 polymers (poly-β-peptides) that are toxic toward the fungal pathogen candida albicans but exert little effect on mammalian cells. based on subsequent analysis of structure-activity relationships among antifungal nylon-3 polymers, we have now identified readily prepared cationic homopolymers active ... | 2014 | 24606327 |
detection of cryptococcus neoformans capsular antigen in hiv-infected patients in the state of para in the north of brazil. | cryptococcus neoformans is an important cause of morbidity in hiv-infected patients worldwide. in the northern region of brazil, the prevalence of this infection is poorly known due to a lack of systematic investigations. this study aimed to determine the occurrence of cryptococcosis by detecting antigenaemia in hiv-infected patients in the state of para, brazil. a latex cryptococcus antigen detection kit was used to test 418 serum samples from hiv-infected patients seen at two infectious diseas ... | 2013 | 24611754 |
primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent patient due to cryptococcus gattii molecular type vgi in brazil: a case report and review of literature. | primary cutaneous cryptococcosis is an uncommon infection caused by the yeast cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii. few case reports are available in the literature describing in detail primary cutaneous cryptococcosis due to c. gattii in immunocompetent patients. herein, we present a case of a 68-year-old immunocompetent male patient with erythematous nodular lesions on the right forearm due to c. gattii mating-type α and molecular type vgi. the virulence factors test was performed for capsule ... | 2014 | 24612099 |
cryptococcus gattii vgii in a plathymenia reticulata hollow in cuiabá, mato grosso, brazil. | little is known about the ecology of agents of cryptococcosis in mato grosso, without any data regarding to the sources of both agents in the environment. this study aimed to investigate cryptococcus gattii and cryptococcus neoformans associated with decay in tree hollows within the urban area of three different cities of mato grosso. seventy-two environmental samples collected from 72 living trees in the cities of cuiabá, várzea grande and chapada dos guimarães were sampled and analysed. one tr ... | 2014 | 24612138 |
synthesis of benzyl protected β-d-glca-(1→2)-α-d-man thioglycoside building blocks for construction of cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide structures. | in a project targeting the synthesis of large oligosaccharide structures corresponding to the cryptococcus neoformans gxm capsular polysaccharide, an easy access to thiodisaccharide building blocks comprising a β-linked glucuronic acid moiety and a 6-o-acetyl group was required. several pathways to such building blocks have been investigated, addressing the problem of constructing a β-linked glucuronic acid residue protected with groups that are orthogonal to a primary acetyl group. two efficien ... | 2014 | 24612865 |
cryptococcal rib osteomyelitis as primary and only symptom of idiopathic cd4 penia. | a 59-year old man with idiopathic cd4 lymphopenia presented with extensive disseminated cryptococcus neoformans infection including a large rib cryptoccocoma, vertebral spondylitis and pleural empyema. complete resection of the affected part of the rib was necessary after failure of initial antifungal treatment. the vertebral spondylitis has been successfully managed at 3 years of follow-up by continuous itraconazole treatment and regular mri combined with leucocyte scintigraphy assessment. | 2014 | 24624326 |
invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipients. | we sought to assess the incidence of invasive fungal infections and identify the risk factors and outcome of invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipient. | 2014 | 24635806 |
heterologous expression of a gene of magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 strain a disrupts growth of the human pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans. | magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 strain a (mocv1-a) is the causal agent of growth repression and attenuated virulence (hypovirulence) of the rice blast fungus, m. oryzae. we have previously reported that heterologous expression of mocv1-a orf4 in saccharomyces cerevisiae results in growth defects, a large central vacuole and other cytological changes. in this study, the effects of open reading frame (orf) 4 expression in cryptococcus neoformans, a human pathogenic fungus responsible for severe o ... | 2014 | 24641700 |
anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies are a risk factor for central nervous system infection by cryptococcus gattii in otherwise immunocompetent patients. | cryptococcosis is caused by either cryptococcus neoformans or c. gattii. while cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is caused mostly by c. neoformans in immunocompromised patients, the risk factors remain unclear for patients with no known immune defect. recently, anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) autoantibodies were detected in the plasma of seven "immunocompetent" cryptococcosis patients, and the cryptococcal strains from these patients were reported as c. neoformans ( ... | 2014 | 24643864 |
multilocus sequence typing of serially collected isolates of cryptococcus from hiv-infected patients in south africa. | patients with cryptococcal meningitis in sub-saharan africa frequently relapse following treatment. the natural history and etiology of these recurrent episodes warrant investigation. here, we used multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to compare the molecular genotypes of strains of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii isolated from serial episodes of cryptococcal meningitis that were separated by at least 110 days. the most common mlst genotypes among the isolates were the dominant glob ... | 2014 | 24648562 |
biochemical and kinetic characterization of xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase 2 (xfp2) from cryptococcus neoformans. | xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase (xfp), previously thought to be present only in bacteria but recently found in fungi, catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from xylulose 5-phosphate or fructose 6-phosphate. here, we describe the first biochemical and kinetic characterization of a eukaryotic xfp, from the opportunistic fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans, which has two xfp genes (designated xfp1 and xfp2). our kinetic characterization of c. neoformans xfp2 indi ... | 2014 | 24659577 |
noncanonical gβ gib2 is a scaffolding protein promoting camp signaling through functions of ras1 and cac1 proteins in cryptococcus neoformans. | gβ-like/rack1 functions as a key mediator of various pathways and contributes to numerous cellular functions in eukaryotic organisms. in the pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans, noncanonical gβ gib2 promotes camp signaling in cells lacking normal gpa1 function while displaying versatility in interactions with gα gpa1, protein kinase pkc1, and endocytic intersectin cin1. to elucidate the gib2 functional mechanism(s), we demonstrate that gib2 is required for normal growth and virulence. we s ... | 2014 | 24659785 |
type-i interferon secretion in the acute phase promotes cryptococcus neoformans infection-induced th17 cell polarization in vitro. | cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal disease commonly identified in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. cryptococcus infection induces strong pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, i.e. type-i interferon (ifn-i) via the toll-like receptor signaling pathway. however, innate immune responses are insufficient in host defense against fungi infection and the clearance of cryptococcus is dependent on the t helper (th)17 cell-mediated mucosal immune response. in this study, ifn-i wa ... | 2014 | 24660033 |
simple and rapid method for the detection of filobasidiella neoformans in a probiotic dairy product by using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | yeast contamination is a serious problem in the food industry and a major cause of food spoilage. several yeasts, such as filobasidiella neoformans, which cause cryptococcosis in humans, are also opportunistic pathogens, so a simple and rapid method for monitoring yeast contamination in food is essential. here, we developed a simple and rapid method that utilizes loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) for the detection of f. neoformans. a set of five specific lamp primers was designed tha ... | 2014 | 24685682 |
use of the vitek 2 system to identify and test the antifungal susceptibility of clinically relevant yeast species. | eleven quality control isolates (candida albicans atcc 64548, c. tropicalis atcc 200956, c. glabrata atcc 90030, c. lusitaniae atcc 200951, c. parapsilosis atcc 22019, c. krusei atcc 6258, c. dubliniensis atcc 6330, saccharomyces cerevisiae atcc 9763, cryptococcus neoformans atcc 90012, c. gattii fiocruz-cpf 60, and trichosporon mucoides atcc 204094) and 32 bloodstream isolates, including c. albicans, c. tropicalis, c. parapsilosis, c. glabrata, c. krusei, c. guilliermondii, c. pelliculosa (pich ... | 2013 | 24688520 |
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium active dimeric isobutyrylphloroglucinol from ivesia gordonii. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform soluble fraction of stem, leaf, and flower extracts of the american plant ivesia gordonii led to the isolation of a new dimeric acylphloroglucinol, 3,3'-diisobutyryl-2,6'-dimethoxy-4,6,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-5,5'dimethyldiphenyl methane (1), to which we have assigned the trivial name ofivesinol (1), together with a known monomeric acylphloroglucinol, 1,5-dihydroxy-2-(2'-methylpropionyl)-3-methoxy-6-methylbenzene (2). the structures of the isolated comp ... | 2014 | 24689296 |
a novel antifungal protein with lysozyme-like activity from seeds of clitoria ternatea. | an antifungal protein with a molecular mass of 14.3 kda was isolated from the seeds of butterfly pea (clitoria ternatea) and designated as ct protein. the antifungal protein was purified using different methods including ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and gel filtration on sephadex g-50 column. ct protein formed a single colourless rod-shaped crystal by hanging drop method after 7 days of sample loading. the protein showed lytic activity against mi ... | 2014 | 24691882 |
microevolution during serial mouse passage demonstrates fre3 as a virulence adaptation gene in cryptococcus neoformans. | passage in mice of opportunistic pathogens such as cryptococcus neoformans is known to increase virulence, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in virulence adaptation. serial mouse passage of nine environmental strains of serotype a c. neoformans identified two highly adapted virulent strains that showed a 4-fold reduction in time to death after four passages. transcriptome sequencing expression studies demonstrated increased expression of a fre3-encoded iron reductase in ... | 2014 | 24692633 |
antifungal drug susceptibility and phylogenetic diversity among cryptococcus isolates from dogs and cats in north america. | molecular types of the cryptococcus neoformans/cryptococcus gattii species complex that infect dogs and cats differ regionally and with host species. antifungal drug susceptibility can vary with molecular type, but the susceptibility of cryptococcus isolates from dogs and cats is largely unknown. cryptococcus isolates from 15 dogs and 27 cats were typed using ura5 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (rflp), pcr fingerprinting, and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). susceptibility w ... | 2014 | 24696030 |
cd4+ t cells: guardians of the phagosome. | cd4(+) t cells are key cells of the adaptive immune system that use t cell antigen receptors to recognize peptides that are generated in endosomes or phagosomes and displayed on the host cell surface bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules. these t cells participate in immune responses that protect hosts from microbes such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, cryptococcus neoformans, leishmania major, and salmonella enterica, which have evolved to live in the phagosomes of macrophages and ... | 2014 | 24696433 |
chronic meningitis in immunocompromised adult ethiopians visiting tikur anbessa teaching hospital and ye'huleshet clinic from 2003-2004. | chronic meningitis is inflammation of the meninges where signs and symptoms develop and last for at least four weeks without alleviation. little is known about the current etiology and incidence of the disease in adults living in developing countries. | 2014 | 24696988 |
a rare case of primary supraclavicular lymphadenitis due to cryptococcus neoformans in an hiv infected patient. | cryptococcosis caused by encapsulated yeast cryptococcus neoformans most commonly presents as disease of the central nervous system. cryptococcus is a non-mycelial budding yeast found in soil, pigeon droppings and their nesting places. the three 'classic' virulence factors of cryptococci are: polysaccharide capsule, melanin production and growth at 37°c. here, we present a rare case of cryptococcosis affecting left supraclavicular lymph node in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected indiv ... | 2014 | 24701506 |
clinical characteristics and mortality risk factors of cryptococcal infection among hiv-negative patients. | describe the clinical characteristics, treatment, outcomes, complications, and factors associated with mortality of cryptococcosis in hiv-negative patients. | 2014 | 24701727 |
cryptococcal meningitis in a goat--a case report. | cryptococcus spp. are saprophytic and opportunistic fungal pathogens that are known to cause severe disease in immunocompromised animals. in goats there are reports of clinical cryptococcal pneumonia and mastitis but not of meningitis. | 2014 | 24708822 |
defects in phosphate acquisition and storage influence virulence of cryptococcus neoformans. | nutrient acquisition and sensing are critical aspects of microbial pathogenesis. previous transcriptional profiling indicated that the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans, which causes meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals, encounters phosphate limitation during proliferation in phagocytic cells. we therefore tested the hypothesis that phosphate acquisition and polyphosphate metabolism are important for cryptococcal virulence. deletion of the high-affinity uptake system interf ... | 2014 | 24711572 |
silver nanoparticle production by the fungus fusarium oxysporum: nanoparticle characterisation and analysis of antifungal activity against pathogenic yeasts. | the microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry approach that combines nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. the aim of this study was to obtain silver nanoparticles (snps) using aqueous extract from the filamentous fungus fusarium oxysporum as an alternative to chemical procedures and to evaluate its antifungal activity. snps production increased in a concentration-dependent way up to 1 mm silver nitrate until 30 days of reaction. monodispersed and spherical snps were predom ... | 2014 | 24714966 |
multicenter evaluation of the new vitek 2 yeast susceptibility test using new clsi clinical breakpoints for fluconazole. | a fully automated antifungal susceptibility test system recently updated to reflect the new species-specific clinical breakpoints (cbps) of fluconazole for candida (vitek 2 af03 yeast susceptibility test; biomérieux, inc., durham, nc) was compared in three different laboratories with the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) reference broth microdilution (bmd) method by testing 2 quality control strains, 10 reproducibility strains (4 candida species and 6 cryptococcus neoformans str ... | 2014 | 24719450 |
'time-to-amphotericin b' in cryptococcal meningitis in a european low-prevalence setting: analysis of diagnostic delays. | cryptococcal meningitis is a rare disease in europe, resulting in delayed recognition and slower initiation of specific treatment. | 2014 | 24722846 |
distinct and redundant roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases ptp1 and ptp2 in governing the differentiation and pathogenicity of cryptococcus neoformans. | protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptps) serve as key negative-feedback regulators of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling cascades. however, their roles and regulatory mechanisms in human fungal pathogens remain elusive. in this study, we characterized the functions of two ptps, ptp1 and ptp2, in cryptococcus neoformans, which causes fatal meningoencephalitis. ptp1 and ptp2 were found to be stress-inducible genes, which were controlled by the mapk hog1 and the transcription factor atf1 ... | 2014 | 24728196 |
a seco-laurane sesquiterpene and related laurane derivatives from the red alga laurencia okamurai yamada. | a ring-cleaved sesquiterpene, named seco-laurokamurone, four laurane-type sesquiterpenes, laurepoxyene, 3β-hydroperoxyaplysin, 3α-hydroperoxy-3-epiaplysin, and 8,10-dibromoisoaplysin, one laurokamurane-type sesquiterpene, laurokamurene d, and one bisabolane-type sesquiterpene, (5s)-5-acetoxy-β-bisabolene, have been isolated from a re-collection of the red alga laurencia okamurai yamada, together with six other known sesquiterpenes. their structures, including relative configuration, were elucida ... | 2014 | 24731260 |
pigment production on l-tryptophan medium by cryptococcus gattii and cryptococcus neoformans. | in recent years strains previously grouped within cryptococcus neoformans have been divided into two species c. neoformans and c. gattii, with cryptococcus neoformans comprising serotypes a, d, and ad and c. gattii comprising serotypes b and c. cryptococcus neoformans have also been subdivided into two varieties c. neoformans var. grubii, serotype a, and c. neoformans var. neoformans, serotype d. we analyzed the growth and pigment production characteristics of 139 strains of cryptococcus spp. in ... | 2014 | 24736553 |
identification of the major molecular types of cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii by hyperbranched rolling circle amplification. | the agents of cryptococcosis c. neoformans and c. gattii are important agents of meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts, respectively. they are grouped into eight major molecular types, vni-vniv for c. neoformans and vgi-vgiv for c. gattii. these major molecular types differ in their host range, epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility and geographic distribution. to enable a rapid identification of the major molecular types and potential hybrids within the two species ... | 2014 | 24736745 |
infectious lymphadenitis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: a rare, but important, complication. | the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive or symptomatic lymphadenopathy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (cll) includes infectious lymphadenitis. we studied 286 (9%) of 3040 patients with cll seen between 2003 and 2012 at mayo clinic rochester who had 356 diagnostic lymph node biopsies to evaluate rapidly progressive or symptomatic lymphadenopathy. most (85.4%) biopsies showed progressive cll, 8.9% a second lymphoid malignancy, 3.9% infectious lym ... | 2015 | 24738974 |
multi-probe real-time pcr identification of four common candida species in blood culture broth. | we developed a single-tube real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay with multiple hybridization probes for detecting candida albicans, c. tropicalis, c. glabrata, and c. parapsilosis. primers were designed to amplify 18s rrna gene of the genus candida, and dna probes were designed to hybridize two areas of the amplicons. the amplification curves and specific melting peaks of the probes hybridized with pcr product were used for definite species identifications. the reaction specificity was ... | 2014 | 24740169 |
cryptococcosis: a model for the understanding of infectious diseases. | the increase in immunosuppressed patient populations has correlated with a rise in clinical fungal infections, including cryptococcosis. patient outcome following cryptococcus infection is linked to initial fungal burden in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and fungal clearance following treatment; however, the role of the pathogen in disease prognosis is poorly defined. in this issue of the jci, sabiiti and colleagues have directly correlated phenotypic traits of cryptococcus neoformans with clinical o ... | 2014 | 24743152 |
analysis of the genome and transcriptome of cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii reveals complex rna expression and microevolution leading to virulence attenuation. | cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast responsible for more than 600,000 deaths each year. it occurs as two serotypes (a and d) representing two varieties (i.e. grubii and neoformans, respectively). here, we sequenced the genome and performed an rna-seq-based analysis of the c. neoformans var. grubii transcriptome structure. we determined the chromosomal locations, analyzed the sequence/structural features of the centromeres, and identified origins of replication. the geno ... | 2014 | 24743168 |
cryptococcus neoformans dual gdp-mannose transporters and their role in biology and virulence. | cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic yeast responsible for lethal meningoencephalitis in humans. this pathogen elaborates a polysaccharide capsule, which is its major virulence factor. mannose constitutes over one-half of the capsule mass and is also extensively utilized in cell wall synthesis and in glycosylation of proteins and lipids. the activated mannose donor for most biosynthetic reactions, gdp-mannose, is made in the cytosol, although it is primarily consumed in secretory organell ... | 2014 | 24747214 |
polyhydroxy cyclohexanols from a dendrodochium sp. fungus associated with the sea cucumber holothuria nobilis selenka. | four cyclohexanol analogues, dendrodochols a-d (1-4), were isolated from a dendrodochium sp. fungus associated with the sea cucumber holothuria nobilis selenka collected from the south china sea. the structures were elucidated by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis. the absolute configurations were assigned using a solution tddft/ecd calculation approach and the modified mosher's method. in an in vitro bioassay, these compounds exhibited no growth inhibition activity against the a549 and mg ... | 2014 | 24749951 |
cryptococcal meningitis post autologous stem cell transplantation. | disseminated cryptococcus disease occurs in patients with defective t-cell immunity. cryptococcal meningitis following autologous stem cell transplant (sct) has been described previously in only 1 patient, 4 months post sct and while off antifungal prophylaxis. we present a unique case of cryptococcus meningitis pre-engraftment after autologous sct, while the patient was receiving fluconazole prophylaxis. a 41-year-old man with non-hodgkin's lymphoma underwent autologous sct. post-transplant pro ... | 2014 | 24750320 |
deletion of the cap10 gene of cryptococcus neoformans results in a pleiotropic phenotype with changes in expression of virulence factors. | the human pathogen cryptococcus neoformans causes meningo-encephalitis. the polysaccharide capsule is an important virulence factor for this yeast-like fungus. previously, we had shown that disruption of the cap10 gene, encoding a putative xylosyltransferase, results in mutant cells that lack most of the capsular polysaccharides on the cell surface, but do not show a typical acapsular phenotype. in contrast to the acapsular cap59 mutant, cap10 did not induce maturation of dendritic cells when ex ... | 2014 | 24751576 |
interaction of the rattlesnake toxin crotamine with model membranes. | crotamine is one of the main constituents of the venom of the south american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus. a common gene ancestry and structural similarity with the antimicrobial β-defensins (identical disulfide bond pattern and highly positive net charge) suggested potential antimicrobial activities for this snake toxin. although crotamine demonstrated low activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, a pronounced antifungal activity was observed against candida sp ... | 2014 | 24754574 |
cryptococcus at work: gene expression during human infection. | meningitis is a frequent manifestation of infection due to cryptococcus neoformans and a major cause of increased morbidity in patients with aids. numerous in vitro gene expression and genetic studies of the fungus have predicted a myriad of genes, pathways, and biological processes that may be critical for pathogenesis, and many studies using animal models have supported the role of these processes during infection. however, the relevance of these hypotheses based on in vitro and animal models ... | 2014 | 24757217 |
characterization of il-22 and antimicrobial peptide production in mice protected against pulmonary cryptococcus neoformans infection. | cryptococcus neoformans is a significant cause of fungal meningitis in patients with impaired t cell-mediated immunity (cmi). experimental pulmonary infection with a c. neoformans strain engineered to produce ifn-γ, h99γ, results in the induction of th1-type cmi, resolution of the acute infection, and protection against challenge with wt cryptococcus. given that individuals with suppressed cmi are highly susceptible to pulmonary c. neoformans infection, we sought to determine whether antimicrobi ... | 2014 | 24760968 |
molecular mechanisms of hypoxic responses via unique roles of ras1, cdc24 and ptp3 in a human fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans encounters a low oxygen environment when it enters the human host. here, we show that the conserved ras1 (a small gtpase) and cdc24 (the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for cdc42) play an essential role in cryptococcal growth in hypoxia. suppressor studies indicate that ptp3 functions epistatically downstream of both ras1 and cdc24 in regulating hypoxic growth. ptp3 shares sequence similarity to the family of phosphotyrosine-specific protein phosphatases and the ptp3δ ... | 2014 | 24762475 |
treatment of indolent, nonencapsulated cryptococcal meningitis associated with hydrocephalus. | infection with cryptococcal meningitis is uncommon in immunocompetent patients. the major virulence factor is the polysaccharide capsule, while nonencapsulated mutants are generally considered nonpathogenic. the authors present a case of hydrocephalus caused by meningitis from an indolent, nonencapsulated cryptococcus sp. requiring placement and multiple revisions of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (vps). the patient presented with progressively worsening occipital headaches. computed tomography an ... | 2012 | 24765421 |
cryptococcus neoformans in sputum and lung aspiration cytology smears. | 2015 | 24767416 | |
regiocontrolled palladium-catalyzed and copper-mediated c-h bond functionalization of protected l-histidine. | we describe the controlled and regioselective transition-metal-catalyzed c-h bond arylation of protected l-histidine with aryl halides as the coupling partner. using this approach, a large number of c-2 arylated l-histidines have been synthesized with diverse substitutions bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups, in good to excellent yields. these synthetic amino acids possessing dual hydrophobic-hydrophilic character are important synthons of bioactive peptidomimetics, which a ... | 2014 | 24781708 |
development and validation of benomyl birdseed agar for the isolation of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii from environmental samples. | one of the difficulties of isolating cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii from environmental samples is the abundant overgrowth of other yeast and mold species that occurs on the plates. here we report the application of benomyl to guizotia abyssinica seed extract growth medium to improve the isolation of c. neoformans and c. gattii from environmental samples. we validated this medium by recovering c. neoformans and c. gattii from convenience soils and swabs from a region of the unite ... | 2014 | 24782104 |
a role for lhc1 in higher order structure and complement binding of the cryptococcus neoformans capsule. | polysaccharide capsules are important virulence factors for many microbial pathogens including the opportunistic fungus cryptococcus neoformans. in the present study, we demonstrate an unusual role for a secreted lactonohydrolase of c. neoformans, lhc1 in capsular higher order structure. analysis of extracted capsular polysaccharide from wild-type and lhc1δ strains by dynamic and static light scattering suggested a role for the lhc1 locus in altering the capsular polysaccharide, both reducing di ... | 2014 | 24789368 |
synthesis of benzofuro[6,7-d]thiazoles, benzofuro[7,6-d]thiazoles and 6-arylaminobenzo[d]thiazole-4,7-diones as antifungal agent. | benzofuro[6,7-d]thiazoles, benzofuro[7,6-d]thiazoles and 6-arylaminobenzo[d]thiazole-4,7-diones were synthesized and tested for in vitro antifungal activity against candida, aspergillus species and cryptococcus neoformans. among them tested, many of synthesized compounds showed potent antifungal activity. the compounds 4d, 6e and 6h completely inhibited the growth of all candida and aspergillus species tested at the mic level of 6.3 µg/ml. the results suggest that benzofuro[6,7-d]thiazoles and 6 ... | 2014 | 24789966 |
phenotypic differences of cryptococcus molecular types and their implications for virulence in a drosophila model of infection. | compared to cryptococcus neoformans, little is known about the virulence of the molecular types in cryptococcus gattii. we compared in vitro virulence factor production and survival data using a drosophila model of infection to further characterize the phenotypic features of different cryptococcal molecular types. forty-nine different isolates were inoculated into wild-type flies and followed for survival. in vitro, isolates were assessed for growth at 30 and 37°c, melanin production, capsule si ... | 2014 | 24799631 |
a nudix hydrolase protein, ysa1, regulates oxidative stress response and antifungal drug susceptibility in cryptococcus neoformans. | a nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety x (nudix) hydrolase-like gene, ysa1, has been identified as one of the gromwell plant extract-responsive genes in cryptococcus neoformans. ysa1 is known to control intracellular concentrations of adp-ribose or o-acetyl-adp-ribose, and has diverse biological functions, including the response to oxidative stress in the ascomycete yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae. in this study, we characterized the role of ysa1 in the stress response and adaptation of the basi ... | 2014 | 24808735 |
molecular epidemiology of clinical cryptococcus neoformans isolates in seoul, korea. | cryptococcal infection is primarily caused by two species, cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii. between the two species, c. neoformans var. grubii is the major causative agent of cryptococcosis in asia. we investigated the molecular characteristics of 46 isolates of c. neoformans from patients with cryptococcosis between 2008 and 2012 in seoul, korea. all the isolates were determined to be c. neoformans var. grubii (serotype a), mating type matα, and molecular type vni by pcr-restriction fragm ... | 2014 | 24808738 |
elucidating drug resistance in human fungal pathogens. | fungal pathogens cause life-threatening infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. millions of people die each year due to fungal infections, comparable to the mortality attributable to tuberculosis or malaria. the three most prevalent fungal pathogens are candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fumigatus. fungi are eukaryotes like their human host, making it challenging to identify fungal-specific therapeutics. there is a limited repertoire of antifungals ... | 2014 | 24810351 |
literature-based gene curation and proposed genetic nomenclature for cryptococcus. | cryptococcus, a major cause of disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients, kills over 600,000 people per year worldwide. genes involved in the virulence of the meningitis-causing fungus are being characterized at an increasing rate, and to date, at least 648 cryptococcus gene names have been published. however, these data are scattered throughout the literature and are challenging to find. furthermore, conflicts in locus identification exist, so that named genes have been subsequently ... | 2014 | 24813190 |
[evaluation of a new medium, eggplant (solanum melongena) agar as a screening medium for cryptococcus neoformans in environmental samples]. | cryptococcus neofomans is an encapsulated yeast-like fungus that causes life-threatening infections, especially in immunosuppresive patients. c.neoformans infection is believed to be acquired via inhalation of aerosolized particles from the environment. avian guano, decaying tree hollows and soil are the related known environmental niches. brown pigmented yeast growth from the precursors in growth media is an important step for the identification and isolation of c.neoformans. seeds of plants in ... | 2014 | 24819266 |
very low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d are not associated with immunologic changes or clinical outcome in south african patients with hiv-associated cryptococcal meningitis. | vitamin d deficiency is associated with impaired immune responses and increased susceptibility to a number of intracellular pathogens in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). it is not known whether such an association exists with cryptococcus neoformans. | 2014 | 24825871 |
treatment of osseous cryptococcosis report of a case and review of the literature. | isolated osseous cryptococcosis is rare. we present a case of lytic femoral lesion due to cryptococcus neoformans in a healthy young man. such a lesion should prompt a search for more widespread, disseminated disease. treatment consists of surgical curettage and intravenous amphotericin b or a combination of amphotericin b and flucytosine. key indexing words: cryptococcosis, osteomyelitis, fungus, amphotericin b, flucytosine. | 1982 | 24833612 |
molecular typing of clinical cryptococcus neoformans isolates collected in germany from 2004 to 2010. | cryptococcosis is a fungal infection mostly caused by cryptococcus neoformans. we identified agents of cryptococcosis diagnosed in germany from 2004 to 2010. we used multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) to understand the molecular epidemiology of cryptococcosis. sero- and mating types of individual patient isolates were determined by pcr. mlst was performed using the seven-locus scheme. allele and nucleotide diversity was calculated for each locus of c. neoformans var. grubii and c. neoformans var ... | 2014 | 24838744 |
reduced virulence of melanized cryptococcus neoformans in galleria mellonella. | fungal melanins are important in the virulence of many pathogenic fungi. in this study, we examined the role of melanin in the interaction between cryptococcus neoformans and the invertebrate host, galleria mellonella. c. neoformans was able to melanize in the presence of g. mellonella homogenate, indicating the presence of melanin substrates. melanization was confirmed by the recovery of acid-resistant particles that were recognized by anti-melanin antibodies. in addition, we tested the effect ... | 2014 | 24846144 |
ras-mediated signal transduction and virulence in human pathogenic fungi. | signal transduction pathways regulating growth and stress responses are areas of significant study in the effort to delineate pathogenic mechanisms of fungi. in-depth knowledge of signal transduction events deepens our understanding of how a fungal pathogen is able to sense changes in the environment and respond accordingly by modulation of gene expression and re-organization of cellular activities to optimize fitness. members of the ras protein family are important regulators of growth and diff ... | 2012 | 24855584 |
design, synthesis and evaluation of novel quinazoline-2,4-dione derivatives as chitin synthase inhibitors and antifungal agents. | a series of novel 1-methyl-3-substituted quinazoline-2,4-dione derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and ms spectral data. their inhibition against chitin synthase (chs) and antifungal activities were evaluated in vitro. results showed compounds 5b, 5c, 5e, 5f, 5j, 5k, 5l, and 5o had strong inhibitory potency against chs. compound 5c, which has the highest potency among these compounds, had a half-inhibition concentration (ic50) of 0.08mmol/l, while pol ... | 2014 | 24856180 |
in vitro and in vivo evidence for amphotericin b as a p-glycoprotein substrate on the blood-brain barrier. | amphotericin b (amb) has been a mainstay therapy for fungal infections of the central nervous system, but its use has been limited by its poor penetration into the brain, the mechanism of which remains unclear. in this study, we aimed to investigate the role of p-glycoprotein (p-gp) in amb crossing the blood-brain barrier (bbb). the uptake of amb by primary brain capillary endothelial cells in vitro was significantly enhanced after inhibition of p-gp by verapamil. the impact of two model p-gp in ... | 2014 | 24867970 |
[intestinal cryptococcosis: an unusual presentation of disseminated cryptococcosis]. | cryptococcosis is a serious infection caused by an encapsulated yeast-like fungus, cryptococcus neoformans. it is pathogenic most often in the lungs and central nervous system of immunocompromised patients. in this work we report an unusual localization of cryptococcosis in an hiv-infected patient. this rare localization was diagnosed from a stool sample sent to our laboratory for parasitological study. direct examination of fresh stool showed the presence of many large, rounded thick-walled fun ... | 2016 | 24876169 |
synthetically modified l-histidine-rich peptidomimetics exhibit potent activity against cryptococcus neoformans. | we describe the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of structurally new peptidomimetics, rich in synthetically modified l-histidine. two series of tripeptidomimetics were synthesized by varying lipophilicity at the c-2 position of l-histidine and at the n- and c-terminus. the data indicates that peptides (5f, 6f, 9f and 10f) possessing highly lipophilic adamantan-1-yl group displayed strong inhibition of cryptococcus neoformans. peptide 6f is the most potent of all with ic50 and mfc values of ... | 2014 | 24878194 |
fatal cryptococcal meningitis in a juvenile lupus erythematosus patient. | cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by cryptococcus neoformans, generally associated with immunodeficiency and immunosuppressive agents, and it is rarely reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), particularly in juvenile sle (jsle). from january 1983 to june 2011, 5,604 patients were followed at our university hospital and 283 (5%) of them met the american college of rheumatology (acr) classification criteria for sle. only one (0.35%) of our jsle patients had cryptococcal meningiti ... | 2017 | 24878864 |
in vitro studies of the activity of dithiocarbamate organoruthenium complexes against clinically relevant fungal pathogens. | the in vitro antifungal activity of nine dirutheniumpentadithiocarbamate complexes c1-c9 was investigated and assessed for its activity against four different fungal species with clinical interest and related to invasive fungal infections (ifis), such as candida spp. [c. albicans (two clinical isolates), c. glabrata, c. krusei, c. parapsolisis, c. tropicalis, c.dubliniensis (six clinical isolates)], paracoccidioides brasiliensis (seven clinical isolates), cryptococcus neoformans and sporothrix s ... | 2014 | 24879585 |
cold-active antibacterial and antifungal activities and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from an alpine hydrocarbon-contaminated industrial site. | selection pressure in hydrocarbon-contaminated soils may lead not only to increased microbial resistance to antibiotics, but also to increased capacity of the soil indigenous population to produce antimicrobial compounds. therefore, we studied the antibiotic resistance pattern and antibacterial and/or antifungal activities of 47 bacterial strains isolated from an industrial alpine site heavily polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons. resistance to penicillin was more widespread (49%) than resistanc ... | 2014 | 24880083 |
unisexual reproduction. | sexual reproduction is ubiquitous throughout the eukaryotic kingdom, but the capacity of pathogenic fungi to undergo sexual reproduction has been a matter of intense debate. pathogenic fungi maintained a complement of conserved meiotic genes but the populations appeared to be clonally derived. this debate was resolved first with the discovery of an extant sexual cycle and then unisexual reproduction. unisexual reproduction is a distinct form of homothallism that dispenses with the requirement fo ... | 2014 | 24880737 |
phyllanthus wightianus müll. arg.: a potential source for natural antimicrobial agents. | phyllanthus wightianus belongs to euphorbiaceae family having ethnobotanical importance. the present study deals with validating the antimicrobial potential of solvent leaf extracts of p. wightianus. 11 human bacterial pathogens (bacillus subtilis, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus epidermidis, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens) and 4 fungal pathogens (cand ... | 2014 | 24883301 |
cryptococcal meningitis presenting with bilateral complete ophthalmoplegia: a case report. | cryptococcus neoformans is saprophytic encapsulated yeast. infection is acquired by inhalation of the organism and could be asymptomatic or limited to the lungs, specially in the immunocompetent host. cryptococcal meningitis is a serious opportunistic infection among post transplant recipients. cranial nerve palsies and ophthalmoplegia are well known complications of this disease, but bilateral complete ophthalmoplegia is a very rare presentation. | 2014 | 24885277 |
functional characterization of pmt2, encoding a protein-o-mannosyltransferase, in the human pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. | diazobenzoic acid b (dbb), also known as diazonium blue b or fast blue b, can be used to distinguish basidiomycetous yeasts from ascomycetes. this chemical has long been used for the taxonomic study of yeast species at the phylum level, but the mechanism underlying the dbb staining remains unknown. to identify molecular targets of dbb staining, we isolated agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated insertional mutants of cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomycetous pathogenic yeast, which were negative to ... | 2014 | 24892554 |
efficient synthesis of novel 3-aryl-5-(4-chloro-2-morpholinothiazol-5-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazoles and their antifungal activity alone and in combination with commercial antifungal agents. | the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 5a-f were prepared by reaction between 2-chloro-4-morpholinothiazol-5-carbaldehyde 3 and substituted acetophenones 4a-f. treatment of compounds 5a-f with hydrazine hydrate employing mild reaction conditions led to the formation of 4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazoles 6a-f. then the treatment with acetic anhydride or formic acid afforded the expected 4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazoles 7a-f and 8a-f. the antifungal activity of each series of synthesized compounds was determined ag ... | 2014 | 24895219 |
invasion of the central nervous system by cryptococcus neoformans requires a secreted fungal metalloprotease. | cryptococcus spp. cause life-threatening fungal infection of the central nervous system (cns), predominantly in patients with a compromised immune system. why cryptococcus neoformans has this remarkable tropism for the cns is not clear. recent research on cerebral pathogenesis of c. neoformans revealed a predominantly transcellular migration of cryptococci across the brain endothelium; however, the identities of key fungal virulence factors that function specifically to invade the cns remain unr ... | 2014 | 24895304 |
antifungal spectrum, in vivo efficacy, and structure-activity relationship of ilicicolin h. | ilicicolin h is a polyketide-nonribosomal peptide synthase (nrps)-natural product isolated from gliocadium roseum, which exhibits potent and broad spectrum antifungal activity, with sub-μg/ml mics against candida spp., aspergillus fumigatus, and cryptococcus spp. it showed a novel mode of action, potent inhibition (ic50 = 2-3 ng/ml) of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 reductase, and over 1000-fold selectivity relative to rat liver cytochrome bc1 reductase. ilicicolin h exhibited in vivo efficacy ... | 2012 | 24900384 |
discovery of short peptides exhibiting high potency against cryptococcus neoformans. | rapid increase in the emergence of resistance against existing antifungal drugs created a need to discover new structural classes of antifungal agents. in this study we describe the synthesis of a new structural class of short antifungal peptidomimetcis, their activity, and plausible mechanism of action. the results of the study show that peptides 11e and 11f are more potent than the control drug amphotericin b, with no cytotoxicity to human cancer cells and noncancerous mammalian kidney cells. ... | 2014 | 24900833 |
morphotype transition and sexual reproduction are genetically associated in a ubiquitous environmental pathogen. | sexual reproduction in an environmental pathogen helps maximize its lineage fitness to changing environment and the host. for the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans, sexual reproduction is proposed to have yielded hyper virulent and drug resistant variants. the life cycle of this pathogen commences with mating, followed by the yeast-hypha transition and hyphal growth, and it concludes with fruiting body differentiation and sporulation. how these sequential differentiation events are orchest ... | 2014 | 24901238 |
mfs multidrug transporters in pathogenic fungi: do they have real clinical impact? | infections caused by opportunistic fungal pathogens have reached concerning numbers due to the increase of the immunocrompromised human population and to the development of antifungal resistance. this resistance is often attributed to the action of multidrug efflux pumps, belonging to the atp-binding cassette (abc) superfamily and the major facilitator superfamily (mfs). although many studies have focused on the role of abc multidrug efflux transporters, little is still known on the part played ... | 2014 | 24904431 |
interaction of cryptococcus neoformans extracellular vesicles with the cell wall. | cryptococcus neoformans produces extracellular vesicles containing a variety of cargo, including virulence factors. to become extracellular, these vesicles not only must be released from the plasma membrane but also must pass through the dense matrix of the cell wall. the greatest unknown in the area of fungal vesicles is the mechanism by which these vesicles are released to the extracellular space given the presence of the fungal cell wall. here we used electron microscopy techniques to image t ... | 2014 | 24906412 |
solid organ transplant donors with central nervous system infection. | while donor-derived infections (ddi) remain uncommon, multiple reports describe ddi with pathogens that cause central nervous system (cns) infection resulting in significant recipient disease. the ad hoc disease transmission advisory committee (dtac) reviewed the records of potential donor-derived disease transmission events (pddte) to describe donor characteristics and outcomes associated with ddi from cns pathogens. | 2014 | 24914569 |
the dictyostelium discoideum rack1 orthologue has roles in growth and development. | the receptor for activated c-kinase 1 (rack1) is a conserved protein belonging to the wd40 repeat family of proteins. it folds into a beta propeller with seven blades which allow interactions with many proteins. thus it can serve as a scaffolding protein and have roles in several cellular processes. | 2014 | 24930026 |
concurrent subcutaneous candidal abscesses and pulmonary cryptococcosis in a patient with diabetes mellitus and a history of corticosteroid therapy. | a 50-year-old man with a history of long-term corticosteroid treatment following adrenalectomy for cushing's syndrome and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was admitted for an examination of an abnormal thoracic shadow. cryptococcal serum antigens were positive, and the histopathology of a lung biopsy showed encapsulated yeast resembling cryptococcus neoformans. on admission, the serum β-d-glucan level was approximately twice the cutoff value, several nodules were observed on both legs and magnetic ... | 2014 | 24930663 |
design, synthesis and antifungal activity of novel triazole derivatives containing substituted 1,2,3-triazole-piperdine side chains. | due to increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections and severe drug resistance to triazole antifungal agents, a series of novel antifungal triazoles with substituted triazole-piperidine side chains were designed and synthesized. most of the target compounds showed good inhibitory activity against a variety of clinically important fungal pathogens. in particular, compounds 8t and 8v were highly active against candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans with mic values in the range of 0.125 ... | 2014 | 24934573 |
capsule growth in cryptococcus neoformans is coordinated with cell cycle progression. | the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans has several virulence factors, among which the most important is a polysaccharide capsule. the size of the capsule is variable and can increase significantly during infection. in this work, we investigated the relationship between capsular enlargement and the cell cycle. capsule growth occurred primarily during the g1 phase. real-time visualization of capsule growth demonstrated that this process occurred before the appearance of the bud and that capsu ... | 2014 | 24939886 |
diagnostic utility of melanin production by fungi: study on tissue sections and culture smears with masson-fontana stain. | dematiaceous fungi appear brown in tissue section due to melanin in their cell walls. when the brown color is not seen on routine h and e and culture is not available, differentiation of dematiaceous fungi from other fungi is difficult on morphology alone. | 2014 | 24943753 |
cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa. | case of 59-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a number of comorbidities, who has developed meningoencephalitis caused by cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii with polyarteritis nodosa diagnosed during hospitalization, was presented. before evidence of meningoencephalitis, the patient was being treated with ketoconazole and low doses of fluconazole (200 mg/day) for alleged candidiasis. the dosage was increased (800 mg/day) following laboratory diagnosis of c. neoformans b ... | 2014 | 24947767 |
cryptococcal meningitis in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. | to summarize the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and outcome of cryptococcal meningitis (cm) in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (aiha) patients and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of aiha complicated with cm, we evaluated five cases of cm in patients with aiha treated in our hospital from 2003 to 2013 and eight related foreign cases. all of the clinical isolates were cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and grouped into the vni genotype and serotype a. the clinical f ... | 2014 | 24952011 |
the neurospora crassa cps-1 polysaccharide synthase functions in cell wall biosynthesis. | the neurospora crassa cps-1 gene encodes a polysaccharide synthase with homology to the cryptococcus neoformans hyaluronic acid synthase cps1p. homologs of the cps-1 gene are found in the genomes of many fungi. loss of cps-1 results in a cell wall defect that affects all stages of the n. crassa life cycle, including vegetative growth, protoperithecia (female mating structure) development, and conidia (asexual spore) development. the cell wall of cps-1 deletion mutants is sensitive to cell wall p ... | 2014 | 24953997 |