Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| removal of viruses and indicators by anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating animal waste. | appropriate treatment of agricultural waste is necessary for the protection of public health in rural areas because land-applied animal manure may transmit zoonotic disease. in this study, we evaluated the potential of using a pilot anaerobic membrane bioreactor (anmbr) to treat agricultural waste. the anmbr system, following a conventional complete mix anaerobic digester (cmad), achieved high removals of biological and chemical agents. the mean log(10) removals of escherichia coli, enterococci, ... | 2009 | 19549946 |
| effect of cod/so(4)2- ratio and fe(ii) under the variable hydraulic retention time (hrt) on fermentative hydrogen production. | the effect of chemical oxygen demand/sulfate (cod/so(4)(2-)) ratio on fermentative hydrogen production using enriched mixed microflora has been studied. the chemostat system maintained with a substrate (glucose) concentration of 15 g cod l(-1) exhibited stable h(2) production at inlet sulfate concentrations of 0-20 g l(-1) during 282 days. the tested cod/so(4)(2-) ratios ranged from 150 to 0.75 (with control) at ph 5.5 with hydraulic retention time (hrt) of 24, 12 and 6h. the hydrogen production ... | 2009 | 19555990 |
| dynamics of plc gene transcription and alpha-toxin production during growth of clostridium perfringens strains with contrasting alpha-toxin production. | the aim of the present study was to investigate transcription dynamics of the alpha-toxin-encoding plc gene relative to two housekeeping genes (gyra and rpll) in batch cultures of three clostridium perfringens strains with low, intermediate, and high levels of alpha-toxin production, respectively. the plc transcript level was always low in the low alpha-toxin producing strain. for the two other strains, plc transcription showed an inducible pattern and reached a maximum level in the late exponen ... | 2009 | 19559545 |
| dead-end hollow-fiber ultrafiltration for recovery of diverse microbes from water. | dead-end ultrafiltration (deuf) is an alternative approach to tangential-flow hollow-fiber ultrafiltration that can be readily employed under field conditions to recover microbes from water. the hydraulics of deuf and microbe recovery for a new deuf method were investigated using 100-liter tap water samples. pressure, flow rate, and temperature were investigated using four hollow-fiber ultrafilter types. based on hydraulic performance, the asahi kasei rexeed 25s ultrafilter was selected for micr ... | 2009 | 19561183 |
| clostridium perfringens type d epsilon intoxication in one-day-old calves. | 2009 | 19561353 | |
| recombinant cpe fused to tumor necrosis factor targets human ovarian cancer cells expressing the claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptors. | using gene expression profiling, others and we have recently found that claudin-3 (cldn3) and claudin-4 (cldn4) are two of the most highly and consistently up-regulated genes in ovarian carcinomas. because these tight junction proteins are the naturally occurring receptors for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), in this study, we used the cooh-terminal 30 amino acids of the cpe (cpe(290-319)), a fragment that is known to retain full binding affinity but have no cytolytic effect, to target ... | 2009 | 19567823 |
| bsac standardized disc susceptibility testing method (version 8). | there have been considerable changes to the format of the recommendations since the previous version (version 7). the majority of the footnotes to the tables have been removed and the notations added to the end column; it is hoped that this change will avoid confusion in interpretation. antibiotics have been separated into groups, e.g. beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, etc. recommendations for urinary tract infections (utis) have been removed for most agents except for those that are administered s ... | 2009 | 19587067 |
| wheat starch digestion rate affects broiler performance. | two experiments were conducted to determine the differences in starch digestion rate (kds) among wheats from different cultivars and origins and to verify if chickens would benefit from a certain digestion rate of starch. in the first experiment, 192 chickens (21 d) were assigned to 4 diets containing 55% of each wheat sample (3 cultivars, one of them from 2 origins). starch and protein digestion were calculated from the remaining starch and protein in 4 segments of the small intestine and in ex ... | 2009 | 19590082 |
| use of an ez-tn5-based random mutagenesis system to identify a novel toxin regulatory locus in clostridium perfringens strain 13. | although useful for probing bacterial pathogenesis and physiology, current random mutagenesis systems suffer limitations for studying the toxin-producing bacterium clostridium perfringens. | 2009 | 19597556 |
| antimicrobial resistance in clostridium perfringens isolates from broilers in belgium. | the antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium perfringens strains isolated from belgian broilers between may and september 2007 was investigated. all 39 tested isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, tylosin, florfenicol and bacitracin. twenty-six (66%) and 24 (61%) out of the 39 tested isolates showed acquired resistance to tetracycline and lincomycin, respectively. the c. perfringens isolates were also screened by pcr for the presence of the resistance genes tet(k), tet(l), te ... | 2009 | 19597952 |
| clinicopathologic features of experimental clostridium perfringens type d enterotoxemia in cattle. | this study was designed to experimentally reproduce enterotoxemia by clostridium perfringens type d in cattle and to characterize the clinicopathologic findings of this disease. fourteen 9-month-old calves were inoculated intraduodenally according to the following schedule: group 1 (n = 4), c. perfringens type d whole culture; group 2 (n = 3), c. perfringens type d washed cells; group 3 (n = 5), c. perfringens type d filtered and concentrated supernatant; group 4 (n = 2), sterile, nontoxic cultu ... | 2009 | 19605912 |
| further characterization of clostridium perfringens small acid soluble protein-4 (ssp4) properties and expression. | clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning (fp) is usually caused by c. perfringens type a strains that carry a chromosomal enterotoxin gene (cpe) and produce spores with exceptional resistance against heat and nitrites. previous studies showed that the extreme resistance of spores made by most fp strains is mediated, in large part, by a variant of small acid soluble protein 4 (ssp4) that has asp at residue 36; in contrast, the sensitive spores made by other c. perfringens type a isolates con ... | 2009 | 19609432 |
| simultaneous identification of seven foodborne pathogens and escherichia coli (pathogenic and nonpathogenic) using capillary electrophoresis-based single-strand conformation polymorphism coupled with multiplex pcr. | the objective of this study was to develop a novel technique for parallel analysis of eight important foodborne microbes using capillary electrophoresis-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (ce-sscp) coupled with multiplex pcr. specific primers for multiplex pcr amplification of the 16s rrna gene were designed, corresponding to eight species of bacteria, including escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, vibrio parahae ... | 2009 | 19610337 |
| undiagnosed cases of fatal clostridium-associated toxic shock in californian women of childbearing age. | in 2005, 4 clostridium sordellii-associated toxic shock fatalities were reported in young californian women after medical abortions. the true incidence of this rare disease is unknown, and a population-based study has never been performed. additional clostridia-associated deaths were sought to describe associated clinical characteristics. | 2009 | 19628200 |
| the protease cspb is essential for initiation of cortex hydrolysis and dipicolinic acid (dpa) release during germination of spores of clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning isolates. | the genome of the clostridium perfringens food poisoning isolate sm101 encodes a subtilisin-like protease, cspb, upstream of the slec gene encoding the enzyme essential for degradation of the peptidoglycan cortex during spore germination. slec is an inactive pro-slec in dormant spores that is converted to active slec during spore germination and csp proteases convert pro-slec to the active enzyme in vitro. in this work, the germination and viability of spores of a cspb deletion mutant of strain ... | 2009 | 19628563 |
| mechanistic analysis of the blood group antigen-cleaving endo-beta-galactosidase from clostridium perfringens. | the a and b antigens are of vital importance in blood transfusion and organ transplantation. the specificity of eabase, an endo-beta-galactosidase from c. perfringens, toward the cleavage of a and b trisaccharides from glycoconjugates is unique and holds significant potential for use in modifying blood group antigens on cell surfaces. the mechanism of this enzyme and others in its family (gh98) and the identities of its catalytic residues have not previously been experimentally determined. direc ... | 2009 | 19630404 |
| nmr assignment of backbone and side chain resonances for a putative protein-protein interaction module from a family 84 glycoside hydrolase of clostridium perfringens. | a family of clostridium perfringens glycoside hydrolases (cpgh84a-e), with a conserved family 84 catalytic module, are thought to target the gastric mucosal layer. chemical shift assignments have been completed for a putative protein-protein interaction x82 module from cpgh84c. | 2007 | 19636812 |
| nmr assignment of backbone and side chain resonances for a dockerin-containing c-terminal fragment of the putative mu-toxin from clostridium perfringens. | the mu-toxin of clostridium perfringens, termed cpgh84a, is modular hydrolytic enzyme that contributes to the pathogenicity of this organism. backbone and side chain 1h, 13c, and 15n resonance assignments have been determined for the c-terminal 15.5 kda fivar-doc modular pair of cpgh84a. | 2007 | 19636814 |
| a novel tumor-targeted therapy using a claudin-4-targeting molecule. | carcinogenesis is often accompanied by dysfunctional tight junction (tjs), resulting in the loss of cellular polarity. claudin, a tetra-transmembrane protein, plays a pivotal role in the barrier and fence functions of tjs. claudin-4 is deregulated in various cancers, including breast, prostate, ovarian, and gastric cancer. claudin-4 may be a promising target molecule for tumor therapy, but the claudin-targeting strategy has never been fully developed. in the present study, we prepared a claudin- ... | 2009 | 19638534 |
| influence of heterologous mreb proteins on cell morphology of bacillus subtilis. | the prokaryotic cytoskeletal protein mreb is thought to govern cell shape by positioning the cell wall synthetic apparatus at growth sites in the cell. in rod-shaped bacteria it forms helical filaments that run around the periphery of the rod during elongation. gram-positive bacteria often contain more than one mreb gene. bacillus subtilis has three mreb-like genes, mreb, mbl and mrebh, the first two of which have been shown to be essential under normal growth conditions. expression of an mreb h ... | 2009 | 19643765 |
| qpcr quantification and genetic characterization of clostridium perfringens populations in biosolids composted for 2 years. | the ability of clostridium perfringens to survive for a long time in the environment makes it a suitable indicator of faecal pollution, but its use as a routine indicator organism in biosolids and composted biosolids has not yet been adopted. this study was performed to improve our understanding of c. perfringens persistence in composted biosolids by monitoring its presence and studying its genetic diversity. | 2010 | 19645764 |
| identification of changes in the composition of ileal bacterial microbiota of broiler chickens infected with clostridium perfringens. | we previously reported that clostridium perfringens in vivo proliferation and alpha-toxin gene expression were highly correlated, both progressing in a parabolic curve pattern during the development of necrotic enteritis (ne). the present study investigated the response of dominant ileal bacteria in abundance to c. perfringens infection using pcr-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and quantitative pcr (qpcr) techniques. chickens were fed antibiotic-medicated (bacitracin, 55 mg/ ... | 2010 | 19647376 |
| the nani and nanj sialidases of clostridium perfringens are not essential for virulence. | the essential toxin in clostridium perfringens-mediated gas gangrene or clostridial myonecrosis is alpha-toxin, although other toxins and extracellular enzymes may also be involved. in many bacterial pathogens extracellular sialidases are important virulence factors, and it has been suggested that sialidases may play a role in gas gangrene. c. perfringens strains have combinations of three different sialidase genes, two of which, nani and nanj, encode secreted sialidases. the nani and nanj genes ... | 2009 | 19651873 |
| retrospective study on necrotizing enteritis in piglets in switzerland. | the re-emergence of necrotizing enteritis (ne) in swiss pig breeding farms raised concern that, besides c. perfringens type c strains, additional c. perfringens toxinotypes might cause this disease. therefore we retrospectively investigated the association of ne with c. perfringens type c or different c. perfringens toxinotypes. we evaluated pathological lesions, routine diagnostic bacteriology results, and multiplex real-time pcr analyses from dna extracts of archived intestinal samples of 199 ... | 2009 | 19653160 |
| [occurrence of clostridium perfringens type a and type c in piglets of the swiss swine population]. | necrotizing enteritis (ne) of newborn piglets still represents an economical problem in swiss pig breeding and production. the aim of our study was to identify risk factors for ne and evaluate the prevalence of c. perfringens with the toxingenes cpb and cpb2 in swiss pig breeding farms. the prevalence of theses c. perfringens was investigated using fecal swabs followed by bacteriological culturing and genotyping. close proximity to other breeding farms and large herd sizes were shown to predispo ... | 2009 | 19653161 |
| characterization of an atp-binding cassette from clostridium perfringens with homology to an abc transporter from clostridium hathewayi. | a ciprofloxacin-resistant mutant of clostridium perfringens, strain vpi-c, which had stable mutations in the topoisomerase genes, accumulated less norfloxacin and ethidium bromide than the wild type, strain vpi. efflux pump inhibitors both increased the accumulation of ethidium bromide by cells of the mutant and enhanced their sensitivity to this toxic dye. cloning a gene, which codes for a putative abc transporter protein (np_562422) of 527 amino acids, from the mutant strain vpi-c into the wil ... | 2009 | 19655423 |
| upper gastrointestinal bleeding related to emphysematous cholecystitis due to clostridium perfringens. | we describe the case of a 46-year-old man admitted for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the context of cirrhosis. a deep bleeding duodenal ulcer was treated by sclerotherapy. abdominal pain and fever lead us to perform an abdominal computed tomography, which demonstrated emphysematous cholecystitis. an emergency cholecystectomy was performed and antimicrobial therapy initiated. the patient recovered uneventfully. links between ulcers and emphysematous cholecystitis are discussed. | 2010 | 19660973 |
| differential proteomic analysis of clostridium perfringens atcc13124; identification of dominant, surface and structure associated proteins. | clostridium perfringens is a medically important clostridial pathogen causing diseases in man and animals. to invade, multiply and colonize tissues of the host, a pathogen must be able to evade host immune system, and obtain nutrients essential for growth. the factors involved in these complex processes are largely unknown and of crucial importance to understanding microbial pathogenesis. many of the virulence determinants and putative vaccine candidates for bacterial pathogens are known to be s ... | 2009 | 19664283 |
| inorganic phosphate and sodium ions are cogerminants for spores of clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning-related isolates. | clostridium perfringens type a isolates carrying a chromosomal copy of the enterotoxin (cpe) gene are involved in the majority of food poisoning (fp) outbreaks, while type a isolates carrying a plasmid-borne cpe gene are involved in c. perfringens-associated non-food-borne (nfb) gastrointestinal diseases. to cause diseases, c. perfringens spores must germinate and return to active growth. previously, we showed that only spores of fp isolates were able to germinate with k(+) ions. we now found th ... | 2009 | 19666724 |
| risk assessment for clostridium perfringens in ready-to-eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products. | an assessment of the risk of illness associated with clostridium perfringens in ready-to-eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products was completed to estimate the effect on the annual frequency of illnesses of changing the allowed maximal 1-log growth of c. perfringens during stabilization (cooling after the manufacturing heat step). the exposure assessment modeled stabilization, storage, and consumer preparation such as reheating and hot-holding. the model predicted that assuming a 10- o ... | 2009 | 19681258 |
| massive intravascular haemolysis during clostridium perfrigens sepsis of hepatic origin. | 2010 | 19682059 | |
| characterization of an atp binding cassette from clostridium perfringens with homology to an abc transporter from clostridium hathewayi. | a ciprofloxacin-resistant mutant of clostridium perfringens, strain vpi-c, which had stable mutations in the topoisomerase genes, accumulated less norfloxacin and ethidium bromide than the wild-type, strain vpi. efflux pump inhibitors both increased the accumulation of ethidium bromide by cells of the mutant and enhanced their sensitivity to this toxic dye. cloning a gene, which codes for a putative abc transporter protein (np_562422) of 527 amino acids, from the mutant strain vpi-c into the wil ... | 2009 | 19682412 |
| clostridia as agents of zoonotic disease. | clostridia are not normally considered to be zoonotic pathogens, although many species affect both humans and domestic animals. three cases in which organisms occur, possibly via direct or indirect transmission, in both food animals and humans are considered here. strains of clostridium perfringens that produce enterotoxin (cpe) are typically transmitted to humans in contaminated, improperly handled foods. pathogenesis is based upon action of cpe in the intestine, and disease is usually self-lim ... | 2010 | 19682805 |
| tiscpe8, an is1595-family lincomycin resistance element located on a conjugative plasmid in clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is a normal gastrointestinal organism that is a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes and can potentially act as a source from which mobile elements and their associated resistance determinants can be transferred to other bacterial pathogens. lincomycin resistance in c. perfringens is common and is usually encoded by erm genes that confer macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin b resistance. in this study we identified strains that are lincomycin resistant but erythromyci ... | 2009 | 19684139 |
| clostridium perfringens occurrence and ribotypes in healthy broilers reared in different european countries. | the main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and ribotypes of clostridium perfringens in broiler flocks reared in 2 european countries that apply european union regulation 1831/2003. a total of 1,532 cecum contents were collected between june 2005 and november 2006 from birds belonging to 51 intensively reared flocks produced in the czech republic and 41 intensive production, organic, and free-range flocks reared in italy. clostridium perfringens was detected in 64.7 and 82.9% of ... | 2009 | 19687269 |
| structural basis for substrate recognition in the enzymatic component of adp-ribosyltransferase toxin cdta from clostridium difficile. | adp-ribosylation is one of the favored modes of cell intoxication employed by several bacteria. clostridium difficile is recognized to be an important nosocomial pathogen associated with considerable morbidity and attributable mortality. along with its two well known toxins, toxin a and toxin b, it produces an adp-ribosylating toxin that targets monomeric actin of the target cell. like other clostridial actin adp-ribosylating toxins, this binary toxin, known as c. difficile toxin (cdt), is compo ... | 2009 | 19692332 |
| re: clostridium perfringens myonecrosis of the abdominal wall after cholecystectomy. | 2009 | 19694678 | |
| the potential anti-herbivory role of microorganisms on plant thorns. | thorns, spines and prickles are some of the anti-herbivore defenses that plants have evolved. they were recently found to be commonly aposematic (warning coloration). however, the physical anti-herbivore defense executed by these sharp structures seems to be only the tip of the iceberg. we show that thorns of various plant species commonly harbor an array of aerobic and anaerobic pathogenic bacteria including clostridium perfringens the causative agent of the life-threatening gas gangrene, bacil ... | 2007 | 19704540 |
| molecular inventory of faecal microflora in patients with crohn's disease. | intestinal microbial community is involved in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease, but knowledge of its potential abnormalities has been limited by the impossibility to grow many dominant intestinal bacteria. using sequence analysis of randomly cloned bacterial 16s ribosomal dna, the dominant faecal species from four crohn's disease patients and four controls were compared. whereas marked inter-individual differences were observed in the faecal microflora of patients, three remained distantly re ... | 2004 | 19712374 |
| enteric bacterial pathogen detection in southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis) is associated with coastal urbanization and freshwater runoff. | although protected for nearly a century, california's sea otters have been slow to recover, in part due to exposure to fecally-associated protozoal pathogens like toxoplasma gondii and sarcocystis neurona. however, potential impacts from exposure to fecal bacteria have not been systematically explored. using selective media, we examined feces from live and dead sea otters from california for specific enteric bacterial pathogens (campylobacter, salmonella, clostridium perfringens, c. difficile an ... | 2010 | 19720009 |
| occurrence of motile aeromonas in municipal drinking water and distribution of genes encoding virulence factors. | aeromonas-associated cases of gastroenteritis are generally considered waterborne. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential microbiological risk associated with the presence of these bacteria in public drinking water. over a period of one year, 132 drinking-water samples were monitored in león (nw of spain, 137,000 inhabitants) for mandatory drinking-water standards and the occurrence of aeromonas spp. samples were taken at the municipal water treatment plant, one storage facility ... | 2009 | 19720415 |
| dominant-negative inhibitors of the clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin. | the clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin is responsible for a severe, often lethal intoxication. in this study, we characterized dominant-negative inhibitors of the epsilon-toxin. site-specific mutations were introduced into the gene encoding epsilon-toxin, and recombinant proteins were expressed in escherichia coli. paired cysteine substitutions were introduced at locations predicted to form a disulfide bond. one cysteine in each mutant was introduced into the membrane insertion domain of the ... | 2009 | 19720828 |
| neuraminidase inhibitory activities of flavonols isolated from rhodiola rosea roots and their in vitro anti-influenza viral activities. | five flavonols (3, 5, and 9-11) were isolated from rhodiola rosea, and compared with commercially available flavonoids (1, 2, 4, 6-8, and 12-14) to facilitate analysis of their structure-activity relationship (sar). all compounds (1-14) showed neuraminidase inhibitory activities with ic(50) values ranging from 0.8 to 56.9 microm. the in vitro anti-influenza virus activities of flavonoids 1-6, 8-12, and 14 were evaluated using two influenza viral strains, h1n1 (a/pr/8/34) and h9n2 (a/chicken/kore ... | 2009 | 19729316 |
| infectious agents detected in the feces of diarrheic foals: a retrospective study of 233 cases (2003-2008). | diarrhea is common in foals but there are no studies investigating the relative prevalence of common infectious agents in a population of hospitalized diarrheic foals. | 2009 | 19747192 |
| mammalian cell ganglioside-binding specificities of e. coli enterotoxins lt-iib and variant lt-iib(t13i). | lt-iib, a type ii heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli, is a potent immunologic adjuvant with high affinity binding for ganglioside gd1a. earlier study suggested that lt-iib bound preferentially to the terminal sugar sequence neuacalpha2-3galbeta1-3galnac. however, studies in our laboratory suggested a less restrictive binding epitope. lt-iib(t13i), an lt-iib variant, engineered by a single isoleucine-threonine substitution, retains biological activity, but with less robust inflammatory e ... | 2010 | 19749203 |
| efficacy of multistrain direct-fed microbial and phytogenetic products in reducing necrotic enteritis in commercial broilers. | our laboratory is evaluating the efficacy of direct-fed microbials (dfm) and phytogenic products to control clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive organism associated with decreased performance and morbidity and mortality associated with necrotic enteritis, as well as some recent human food safety issues. three experiments were conducted to evaluate a dfm (poultrystar) and a phytogenic product (pep125), which were administered to birds from day of hatch until termination (d 25) via the drinkin ... | 2009 | 19762859 |
| pediocin a improves growth performance of broilers challenged with clostridium perfringens. | the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the anticlostridial pediocin a from pediococcus pentosaceus fbb61 to contain negative effects associated to clostridium proliferation in broilers, through 2 subsequent investigations. in the first study, 36 ross 508 broilers were divided into 3 groups and fed for 21 d as follows: the control diet (ctr), the control diet supplemented with supernatant filtrate of a culture of p. pentosaceus fbb61-2 (bac-, isogenic mutant nonproducing pedioci ... | 2009 | 19762869 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin increases the small intestinal permeability in mice and rats. | epsilon toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, an anaerobic bacterium that causes enterotoxaemia in ruminants. in the affected animal, it causes oedema of the lungs and brain by damaging the endothelial cells, inducing physiological and morphological changes. although it is believed to compromise the intestinal barrier, thus entering the gut vasculature, little is known about the mechanism underlying this process. this study characterizes the effects of e ... | 2009 | 19763257 |
| complete genome sequence of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785, a competitive exclusion agent against pathogens in poultry. | lactobacillus johnsonii is a member of the acidophilus group of lactobacilli. because of their probiotic properties, including attachment to epithelial cells, immunomodulation, and competitive exclusion of pathogens, representatives of this group are being intensively studied. here we report the complete annotated genome sequence of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785, a strain which prevents the colonization of specific-pathogen-free chicks by clostridium perfringens. | 2009 | 19767436 |
| expression profiles of genes in toll-like receptor-mediated signaling of broilers infected with clostridium perfringens. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) participate in detecting microbial pattern molecules for activation of the host immune response. we investigated possible roles of tlrs in the chicken response to clostridium perfringens infection by examining the expression of tlr genes and other genes involved in tlr-mediated signaling within the spleens and ilea of c. perfringens-challenged broilers. upregulation of a tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducing factor homolog in challenged chickens compared to naïve chicke ... | 2009 | 19776194 |
| comparison between the vitek immunodiagnostic assay system and pcr for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in an experimental dry sausage during its curing process. | the comparison between the vitek immunodiagnostic assay system (vidas) and pcr methods for the detection of the pathogenic microorganisms salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, clostridium perfringens, and staphylococcus aureus in salchich6n (a type of spanish fermented dry sausage) was studied. the automated mini-vidas method and the pcr method were used to detect the presence of these microorganisms in 90 samples grouped into six batches (one control batch, a ... | 2009 | 19777902 |
| selection of a clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin producer via dot-blot test. | clostridium perfringens type d produces enterotoxemia, an enteric disease in ruminants, also known as pulpy kidney disease. caused by epsilon toxin, enterotoxemia is a major exotoxin produced by this microorganism. epsilon toxin is also the main component of vaccines against this enteric disorder. in this study, a standardized dot-blot was used to choose strains of c. perfringens type d that are producers of epsilon toxin. clones producing epsilon toxin were chosen by limiting dilution; after th ... | 2009 | 19779698 |
| nitric oxide and lysozyme production as an impact to clostridium perfringens mastitis. | the anaerobic mastitis incidence was used to study the bovine udder response in anaerobic bacterial mastitis caused by the gram-positive bacterial strain of clostridium perfringens. milk samples positive for c. perfringens were assayed for no and lysozyme. the model produced a strong no and lysozyme response which correlated positively with the severity and outcome of the disease (subclinical and clinical stages). this study is, to our knowledge, the first to suggest a possible link between no a ... | 2010 | 19783303 |
| potential for growth of clostridium perfringens from spores in pork scrapple during cooling. | we conducted stabilization studies to determine the ability of clostridium perfringens spores to germinate and grow during exponential cooling of a commercial formulation of pork scrapple. scrapple was inoculated with a mixture of three strains of c. perfringens spores (ntcc 8238, nctc 8239, and atcc 10288), vacuum packaged, and reheated (20 min/93.3 degrees c) in a circulating water bath. the cooked samples were cooled (30 s) in an ice bath before being transferred to a programmable water bath ... | 2010 | 19785539 |
| [claudin expression in different pancreatic cancers and its significance in differential diagnostics]. | claudins (cldns) are essential proteins of tight junctions. changes in their expression pattern have been demonstrated in a number of tumors. cldns-3 and -4 are receptors of the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, cytolytic effects of the toxin are well known. the aim of our studies was to compare the different cldn expression patterns in normal pancreas cells, pancreatic endocrine tumors, adenocarcinomas, mucinous cystic tumors and acinar cell carcinomas. expressions of cldn-1, -2, -3, -4 and ... | 2009 | 19793693 |
| antibody response to the epsilon toxin of clostridium perfringens following vaccination of lama glama crias. | enterotoxaemia produced by clostridium perfringens a, c and d is an important cause of mortality in young llamas. there is no data on antibody responses following vaccination with epsilon toxin. | 2009 | 19801806 |
| the long-lived nature of clostridium perfringens iota toxin in mammalian cells induces delayed apoptosis. | mono-adp ribosylation of actin by bacterial toxins, such as clostridium perfringens iota or clostridium botulinum c2 toxins, results in rapid depolymerization of actin filaments and cell rounding. here we report that treatment of african green monkey kidney (vero) cells with iota toxin resulted in delayed caspase-dependent death. unmodified actin did not reappear in toxin-treated cells, and enzyme-active toxin was detectable in the cytosol for at least 24 h. c2 toxin showed comparable, long-live ... | 2009 | 19805536 |
| development and application of new mouse models to study the pathogenesis of clostridium perfringens type c enterotoxemias. | clostridium perfringens type c isolates cause enterotoxemias and enteritis in humans and livestock. while the major disease signs and lesions of type c disease are usually attributed to beta toxin (cpb), these bacteria typically produce several different lethal toxins. since understanding of disease pathogenesis and development of improved vaccines is hindered by the lack of small animal models mimicking the lethality caused by type c isolates, in this study we developed two mouse models of c. p ... | 2009 | 19805537 |
| the death of buddha: a medical enquiry. | the death of the buddha (siddhartha gautama) has been depicted widely in buddhist iconography. the buddha is generally shown with a serene or smiling expression, lying on his right side and resting his head on his right hand. the dates of buddha's life traditionally are given as 566-486 bc. buddha died from an illness, the nature of which remains unsettled. the present paper examines a variety of sources and concludes that it was tainted pork that led to his demise. he succumbed to the disease p ... | 2005 | 19813312 |
| treatment of septicaemia and severe bacterial infections in foals with a new cefquinome formulation: a field study. | a multicentre field study was conducted in accordance with vich guideline on good clinical practice (vich 2000) to confirm the efficacy and safety of a new formulation of cefquinome for the treatment of naturally occurring severe bacterial infections and septicaemia in foals. thirty-nine foals suffering from severe bacterial infections (such as pneumonia, gastro-enteritis, arthritis, omphalitis, or wound infections) or acute septicaemia were treated twice daily with the test product (1 mg cefqui ... | 2009 | 19813447 |
| beta-catenin expression and claudin expression pattern as prognostic factors of prostatic cancer progression. | to investigate the patterns of expression of the junctional proteins beta-catenin and claudins in different prognostic groups of patients with prostatic cancer, to determine their value as prognostic markers. | 2010 | 19818082 |
| comparison of molecular markers to detect fresh sewage in environmental waters. | human-specific bacteroides hf183 (hs-hf183), human-specific enterococci faecium esp (hs-esp), human-specific adenoviruses (hs-avs) and human-specific polyomaviruses (hs-pvs) assays were evaluated in freshwater, seawater and distilled water to detect fresh sewage. the sewage spiked water samples were also tested for the concentrations of traditional fecal indicators (i.e., escherichia coli, enterococci and clostridium perfringens) and enteric viruses such as enteroviruses (evs), sapoviruses (svs) ... | 2009 | 19818987 |
| prevalence, prediction and risk factors of enteropathogens in normal and non-normal faeces of young dutch dairy calves. | between january and april 2007, 424 calves under 22 days of age from 108 dutch dairy herds were sampled to estimate the prevalence of non-normal faeces ('custard-like'-yellowish-coloured with custard consistency or diarrhoea: watery-like faeces) and the shedding of enteropathogens escherichia coli k99 (e. coli), coronavirus, cryptosporidium parvum (c. parvum), rotavirus and clostridium perfringens (cl. perfringens). in addition, information was collected on animal characteristics and herd-manage ... | 2010 | 19819574 |
| clostridial toxins. | clostridia produce the highest number of toxins of any type of bacteria and are involved in severe diseases in humans and other animals. most of the clostridial toxins are pore-forming toxins responsible for gangrenes and gastrointestinal diseases. among them, perfringolysin has been extensively studied and it is the paradigm of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, whereas clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin and clostridium septicum alpha-toxin, which are related to aerolysin, are the prototy ... | 2009 | 19824793 |
| application of quantitative microbial risk assessments for estimation of risk management metrics: clostridium perfringens in ready-to-eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products as an example. | the u.s. department of agriculture, food safety and inspection service is exploring quantitative risk assessment methodologies to incorporate the use of the codex alimentarius' newly adopted risk management metrics (e.g., food safety objectives and performance objectives). it is suggested that use of these metrics would more closely tie the results of quantitative microbial risk assessments (qmras) to public health outcomes. by estimating the food safety objective (the maximum frequency and/or c ... | 2009 | 19833039 |
| microbiological quality of saffron from the main producer countries. | a microbiological study of saffron spice was undertaken in the context of a european research project (methodologies for implementing international standards for saffron purity and quality, the acronym for which is saffic), analyzing 79 samples obtained from the main producer countries, namely greece, iran, italy, morocco, and spain. current microbiological quality criteria are the same as for other spices, but saffron is added in minute quantities during the cooking process, so the health risk ... | 2009 | 19833050 |
| genetic and biochemical analysis of a class c non-specific acid phosphatase (nsap) of clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive anaerobe, is a human pathogen that causes gas gangrene in muscle tissues. its ability to grow and survive in the host is believed to be due to the production of numerous enzymes that enable the organism to obtain essential nutrients from the host. in this study, cpe0201, a putative acid phosphatase gene deduced by genome analysis, was shown to encode a non-specific acid phosphatase in c. perfringens. multiple alignments of the amino acid sequence showed t ... | 2010 | 19833778 |
| effect of bismuth citrate, lactose, and organic acid on necrotic enteritis in broilers. | clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis causes significant economic losses. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bismuth citrate, lactose, and organic acid on the development of necrotic enteritis in broilers. the first study was a dose response that evaluated bismuth citrate at 50, 100, or 200 ppm on bacterial intestinal colonization and lesion development associated with our c. perfringens challenge model. the second study evaluated bismuth citrate, lactose, ... | 2009 | 19834076 |
| the effect of grobiotic-p combined with yeast cell wall and gluconic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. | two experiments were conducted with new hampshire x columbian chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet to examine the efficacy of varying levels and combinations of grobiotic p (gb), a prebiotic-type product that contains dairy and yeast fractions and dried fermentation extracts, gluconic acid, and yeast cell wall (ycw) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbial populations. in experiment 1, chicks were allowed ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal basal diet or the basal d ... | 2009 | 19834087 |
| clostridium difficile toxin cdt induces formation of microtubule-based protrusions and increases adherence of bacteria. | clostridium difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis by production of the rho gtpase-glucosylating toxins a and b. recently emerging hypervirulent clostridium difficile strains additionally produce the binary adp-ribosyltransferase toxin cdt (clostridium difficile transferase), which adp-ribosylates actin and inhibits actin polymerization. thus far, the role of cdt as a virulence factor is not understood. here we report by using time-lapse- and immunofluoresce ... | 2009 | 19834554 |
| [induced expression of alpha-toxin gene of clostridium perfringens in recombinant lactobacillus casei and their immunoprotective in mice]. | the prepared an oral vaccine by constructing recombinant lactobacillus casei expressing alpha-toxin gene of clostridium perfringens, for preventing poisoning by clostridium perfringens. | 2009 | 19835176 |
| identification of the channel-forming domain of clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin (etx). | epsilon-toxin (etx) is a potent toxin produced by clostridium perfringens strains b and d. the bacteria are important pathogens in domestic animals and cause edema mediated by etx. this toxin acts most likely by heptamer formation and rapid permeabilization of target cell membranes for monovalent anions and cations followed by a later entry of calcium. in this study, we compared the primary structure of etx with that of the channel-forming stretches of a variety of binding components of a-b-type ... | 2009 | 19835840 |
| identification of a two-component virr/virs regulon in clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive anaerobic pathogen, is a causative agent of human gas gangrene that leads to severe rapid tissue destruction and can cause death within hours unless treated immediately. production of several toxins is known to be controlled by the two-component virr/virs system involving a regulatory rna (vr-rna) in c. perfringens. to elucidate the precise regulatory network governed by virr/virs and vr-rna, a series of microarray screening using virr/virs and vr-rna-def ... | 2010 | 19835966 |
| clostridium perfringens vaccines. | both clostridium perfringens spores and toxins have reportedly been considered as a biological warfare agents. the spores may be incorporated into weapons which cause traumatic injury, and the resulting delivery of spores deep into tissues would result in the development of gas gangrene. of the c. perfringens toxins, the epsilon-toxin is of particular concern and now appears on the list of cdc select agents. currently there are no licensed vaccines suitable for use in humans which protect agains ... | 2009 | 19837285 |
| a 72-year-old man with a rapidly progressive sepsis caused by a rare but life-threatening infection. | 2009 | 19841488 | |
| influence of enrichment broths on multiplex pcr detection of total coliform bacteria, escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens, in spiked water samples. | although multiplex pcr amplification condition for simultaneous detection of total coliform bacteria, escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens in water sample has been developed, results with high sensitivity are obtained when amplifying purified dna, but the sensitivity is low when applied to spiked water samples. an enrichment broth culture prior pcr analysis increases sensitivity of the test but the specific nature of enrichment broth can affect the pcr results. three enrichment broths, l ... | 2009 | 19842417 |
| pathema: a clade-specific bioinformatics resource center for pathogen research. | pathema (http://pathema.jcvi.org) is one of the eight bioinformatics resource centers (brcs) funded by the national institute of allergy and infectious disease (niaid) designed to serve as a core resource for the bio-defense and infectious disease research community. pathema strives to support basic research and accelerate scientific progress for understanding, detecting, diagnosing and treating an established set of six target niaid category a-c pathogens: category a priority pathogens; bacillu ... | 2010 | 19843611 |
| immunization of broiler chickens against clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis using purified recombinant immunogenic proteins. | this study identified and assessed secreted proteins of clostridium perfringens additional to those previously described for their ability to protect broiler chickens against necrotic enteritis (ne). secreted proteins of virulent and avirulent c. perfringens were electrophoretically separated and reacted with serum of chickens immune to ne. three immunoreactive protein bands unique to the virulent c. perfringens were identified by mass spectrometry as the toxin c. perfringens large cytotoxin (tp ... | 2009 | 19848081 |
| evaluation of pcr and dna sequencing for direct detection of clostridium perfringens in the intestinal tract of broilers. | the aim of this investigation was to determine the presence of the opportunistic pathogen clostridium perfringens by pcr and dna sequencing, without previous cultivation. this methodology was then used to investigate how c. perfringens was affected by different preventive measures, such as ionophores and feed additives, for necrotic enteritis in broilers chickens. dna was extracted from the intestinal content or intestinal tissue by dna extraction kits. detection limits for 16s rrna, alpha-toxin ... | 2009 | 19848086 |
| purification and characterization of a clostripain-like protease from a recombinant clostridium perfringens culture. | clostridium perfringens produces a homologue of clostripain (clo), the arginine-specific endopeptidase of clostridium histolyticum. to determine the biochemical and biological properties of the c. perfringens homologue (clp), it was purified from the culture supernatant of a recombinant c. perfringens strain by cation-exchange chromatography and ultrafiltration. analysis by sds-page, n-terminal amino acid sequencing and tof mass spectrometry revealed that clp consists of two polypeptides compris ... | 2010 | 19850615 |
| comparison of the metabolic activities of four wild-type clostridium perfringens strains with their gatifloxacin-selected resistant mutants. | the production of short-chain fatty acids, reductive enzymes, and hydrolytic enzymes by four gatifloxacin-selected, fluoroquinolone-resistant, mutant strains of c. perfringens, with stable mutations either in dna gyrase or in both dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv, was compared with that produced by the wild-type parent strains to investigate the effect of mutations associated with the selection of gatifloxacin resistance on bacterial metabolic activities. the mutants differed from their respectiv ... | 2009 | 19855959 |
| characterization of virulence plasmid diversity among clostridium perfringens type b isolates. | the important veterinary pathogen clostridium perfringens type b is unique for producing the two most lethal c. perfringens toxins, i.e., epsilon-toxin and beta-toxin. our recent study (k. miyamoto, j. li, s. sayeed, s. akimoto, and b. a. mcclane, j. bacteriol. 190:7178-7188, 2008) showed that most, if not all, type b isolates carry a 65-kb epsilon-toxin-encoding plasmid. however, this epsilon-toxin plasmid did not possess the cpb gene encoding beta-toxin, suggesting that type b isolates carry a ... | 2010 | 19858300 |
| [antibiotic-associated diarrhea due to clostridium perfringens]. | a 40-year-old man undergoing allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia and developing diarrhea was administered prophylactic antibiotics including levofloxacin, fluconazole, cotrimoxazole, and vancomycin. stool specimens were positive for toxin a in enzyme immunoassay but negative for toxin b in cell culture assay with a neutralization test, indicating that toxin a detection was false-positive. stool culture yielded enterotoxin producing clostridium perfringen ... | 2009 | 19860258 |
| detection of beta2 and major toxin genes by pcr in clostridium perfringens field isolates of domestic animals suffering from enteritis or enterotoxaemia. | the production of clostridium (c.) perfringens toxins in the intestine is an important cause of enteritis and enterotoxaemia in livestock. in the present study, the alpha toxin and the genes encoding beta2 and epsilon toxin could be frequently detected by means of phenotypical and pcr examinations in these bacteria. the c. perfringens isolates originated from 1213 field samples taken from diseased or perished livestock located in the north-eastern administrative districts of baden-württemberg (g ... | 2009 | 19863004 |
| characterization of selected nutrients and bacteria from anaerobic swine manure lagoons on sow, nursery, and finisher farms in the mid-south usa. | swine (sus scrofa domestica) production in the mid-south usa comprises sow, nursery, and finisher farms. a 2007 packing plant closure started a regional shift from finisher to sow and nursery farms. changes in manure stored in lagoons and land-applied as fertilizer were expected but were unknown because nutrient and bacterial levels had not been characterized by farm type. the objectives of this study were to quantify selected nutrients and bacteria, compare levels by farm types, and project imp ... | 2009 | 19875798 |
| survival of clostridium perfringens sepsis in a liver transplant recipient. | clostridium perfringens sepsis following orthotopic liver transplantation (olt) is a rare but reported complication that historically results in mortality or emergent retransplantation (retx). complications from c. perfringens emphysematous gastritis have contributed to the death of a healthy live liver donor as well. herein, we describe the first documented survivor of c. perfringens sepsis following olt managed without laparotomy or emergent retx. | 2009 | 19877220 |
| clostridial abomasal disease in connecticut dairy calves. | over 2 years, 24 dairy calves died of emphysematous abomasitis and abomasal bloat. anaerobic cultures of necrotic abomasal mucosa yielded clostridium perfringens from 10 of 15 calves. sarcina were observed in 17 of 22 examined histologically. a change in the antibiotic regimen for newborns and improved sanitizing of feeding utensils eliminated further losses. | 2009 | 19881926 |
| identification of a claudin-4 residue important for mediating the host cell binding and action of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | the 24-member claudin protein family plays a key role in maintaining the normal structure and function of epithelial tight junctions. previous studies with fibroblast transfectants and naturally sensitive caco-2 cells have also implicated certain claudins (e.g., claudin-4) as receptors for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). the present study first provided evidence that the second extracellular loop (ecl-2) of claudins is specifically important for mediating the host cell binding and cyt ... | 2010 | 19884339 |
| a 61-year-old-man with massive intravascular hemolysis. | 2009 | 19892684 | |
| chorioamnionitis and intrauterine fetal death after second-trimester amniocentesis. | we report an intrauterine fetal death that occurred less than 24 h after transabdominal amniocentesis. chorioamnionitis was confirmed by amniotic fluid culture which showed multiple enteric organisms and postmortem examination of the fetus that showed clostridium perfringens. the patient was treated with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and uterine evacuation and her condition rapidly improved. intra-amniotic infection after amniocentesis requires a high index of suspicion and prompt aggre ... | 2009 | 19893298 |
| salmonellosis in a free-ranging population of javelinas (pecari tajacu) in south central arizona. | the javelina, or collared peccary (pecari tajacu), is indigenous to arizona, new mexico, and texas in the united states and ranges throughout latin america. from june 2004 to april 2005, an estimated 105 javelinas died in a mortality event that occurred in tucson, arizona, and neighboring areas. clinical signs observed in sick animals included emaciation, dehydration, lethargy, and diarrhea. in addition, some animals showed labored breathing and hind limb weakness. we necropsied 34 animals, and ... | 2009 | 19901370 |
| clostridium perfringens enterotoxin interacts with claudins via electrostatic attraction. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), a causative agent of food poisoning, is a pore-forming toxin disrupting the selective permeability of the plasma membrane of target cells, resulting in cell death. we previously identified claudin as the cell surface receptor for cpe. claudin, a component of tight junctions, is a tetratransmembrane protein and constitutes a large family of more than 20 members, not all of which serve as the receptor for cpe. the mechanism by which the toxin distinguishe ... | 2010 | 19903817 |
| role of host cell polarity and leading edge properties in pseudomonas type iii secretion. | type iii secretion (t3s) functions in establishing infections in a large number of gram-negative bacteria, yet little is known about how host cell properties might function in this process. we used the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa and the ability to alter host cell sensitivity to pseudomonas t3s to explore this problem. ht-29 epithelial cells were used to study cellular changes associated with loss of t3s sensitivity, which could be induced by treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodex ... | 2010 | 19910414 |
| mucosal delivery of antigens using adsorption to bacterial spores. | the development of new-generation vaccines has followed a number of strategic avenues including the use of live recombinant bacteria. of these, the use of genetically engineered bacterial spores has been shown to offer promise as both a mucosal as well as a heat-stable vaccine delivery system. spores of the genus bacillus are currently in widespread use as probiotics enabling a case to be made for their safety. in this work we have discovered that the negatively charged and hydrophobic surface l ... | 2010 | 19914191 |
| physiological role of carbon dioxide in spore germination of clostridium perfringens s40. | germination of clostridium perfringens is known to be triggered by nutrients such as l-alanine and inosine, and facilitated by co2, however the role of co2 has not been fully understood. during the studies of the germination-specific protease gsp, we found that co2 could be replaced by bicarbonate or weakly acidic ph (ph 6.0-6.5). we also found that the spores obtained from the c. perfringens s40 overproducing gsp could germinate without co2. moreover, the spores could germinate in the absence o ... | 2009 | 19914579 |
| expression, purification and crystallization of an archaeal-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. | an archaeal-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepca) from clostridium perfringens has been expressed in escherichia coli in a soluble form with an amino-terminal his tag. the recombinant protein is enzymatically active and two crystal forms have been obtained. complete diffraction data extending to 3.13 angstrom resolution have been measured from a crystal soaked in kau(cn)(2), using radiation at a wavelength just above the au l(iii) edge. the asymmetric unit contains two tetramers of pepca. | 2009 | 19923749 |
| prevalence of diarrhea and enteropathogens in racing sled dogs. | diarrhea is highly prevalent in racing sled dogs, although the underlying causes are poorly understood. hypothesis: clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) and clostridium difficile toxin a and b are associated with diarrhea in racing sled dogs. | 2010 | 19925573 |
| eimeria macusaniensis associated lesions in neonate alpacas dying from enterotoxemia. | histopathological analysis of 108 intestine samples (103 grossly affected ileum and 5 jejunum) taken from clostridium-induced neonatal alpaca (vicugna pacos) enterotoxemia mortalities collected in the departments of arequipa, puno and cusco of southern peru during the 2005-2008 birth seasons (january-march), revealed the presence of large numbers of both asexual and sexual stages of eimeria macusaniensis in 33/108 (30.55%) of the samples with moderate to severe necrotized and/or hemorrhagic ente ... | 2010 | 19926224 |
| reliability of mcp method for identification of clostridium perfringens from faecal polluted aquatic environments. | the purpose of the work was to evaluate the mcp method to correctly identify and enumerate clostridium perfringens that are present in surface waters impacted by a mixture of faecal pollution sources. | 2010 | 19929952 |
| association between avian necrotic enteritis and clostridium perfringens strains expressing netb toxin. | a novel toxin, netb, has recently been identified in virulent avian clostridium perfringens isolates and shown to be an essential virulence factor in a clinical necrotic enteritis isolate. to assess whether netb is more generally associated with avian necrotic enteritis isolates we have screened a range of c. perfringens strains from geographically diverse locations for both the presence and expression of the netb gene. forty-four isolates were derived from necrotic enteritis disease cases from ... | 2010 | 19931005 |