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predicting the potential demographic impact of predators on their prey: a comparative analysis of two carnivore-ungulate systems in scandinavia.1. understanding the role of predation in shaping the dynamics of animal communities is a fundamental issue in ecological research. nevertheless, the complex nature of predator-prey interactions often prevents researchers from modelling them explicitly. 2. by using periodic leslie-usher matrices and a simulation approach together with parameters obtained from long-term field projects, we reconstructed the underlying mechanisms of predator-prey demographic interactions and compared the dynamics o ...201122077484
Composition of milk from minor dairy animals and buffalo breeds: a biodiversity perspective.A comprehensive review is presented of the nutrient composition for buffalo, mare, and dromedary camel milks at the level of breed, and species-level data for yak, mithun, musk ox, donkey, Bactrian camel, llama, alpaca, reindeer and moose milks. Average values of nutrients were calculated and compared. Interspecies values (g 100 g(-1) ) were 0.7-16.1 for total fat, 1.6-10.5 for protein, 2.6-6.6 for lactose, and 67.9-90.8 for water. Reindeer and moose milks had the highest fat and protein concent ...201122083874
hair-loss epizootic in moose (alces alces) associated with massive deer ked (lipoptena cervi) infestation.deer keds (lipoptena cervi) are blood-sucking flies in the family hippoboscidae; moose (alces alces) are their main host in scandinavia. there are no detailed reports of the negative impacts of deer keds on moose. in 2006 and 2007, hunters in southeastern norway and midwestern sweden found several moose cadavers with severe alopecia; numerous moose had extensive hair loss. between february 2006 and june 2007, materials from 23 moose were submitted for laboratory examination and large numbers of ...201122102660
[appraisal of meta-analysis manuscripts on eye diseases published in chinese journals with quorom statement and moose guidelines].to assess the standardization of meta-analyses reports on eye diseases published in chinese journals in recent ten years.201122169614
historic, pre-european settlement, and present-day contribution of wild ruminants to enteric methane emissions in the united states.the objectives of this analysis were to estimated historic (pre-european settlement) enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions from wild ruminants in the contiguous united states and compare these to present-day ch(4) emissions from farmed ruminants. the analysis included bison, elk (wapiti), and deer (white-tailed and mule). wild ruminants such as moose, antelope (pronghorn), caribou, and mountain sheep and goat were not included in the analysis due to their natural range being mostly outside of the co ...201122178852
vole preference of bilberry along gradients of simulated moose density and site productivity.browsing by large herbivores might either increase or decrease preference for the plant by other herbivores, depending on the plant response. using a cafeteria test, we studied the preference by root voles (microtus oeconomus [pallas, 1776]) for bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) previously subjected to 4 levels of simulated moose (alces alces [linnaeus, 1758]) density. the different levels of moose density were simulated at population densities relevant for fennoscandian conditions, in exclosure ...201122182326
Bush Animal Attacks: Management of complex injuries in a resource-limited setting.ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Though animal-related injuries and fatalities have been documented throughout the world, the variety of attacks by wild animals native to rural East Africa are less commonly described. Given the proximity of our northwestern Tanzania hospital to Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and the Serengeti National Park, and presentation of several patients attacked by bush animals and suffering a variety of complex injuries, we sought to report the pattern of attacks and surgical ...201122189007
preoperative muscle weakness as defined by handgrip strength and postoperative outcomes: a systematic review.abstract: background: reduced muscle strength- commonly characterized by decreased handgrip strength compared to population norms- is associated with numerous untoward outcomes. preoperative handgrip strength is a potentially attractive real-time, non-invasive, cheap and easy-to-perform "bedside" assessment tool. using systematic review procedure, we investigated whether preoperative handgrip strength was associated with postoperative outcomes in adults undergoing surgery. methods: prisma and ...201222251661
transmission of hepatitis c virus infection through tattooing and piercing: a critical review.tattoos and piercings are increasing, especially among youths, but the risk of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection from these practices has not been adequately assessed and there are conflicting findings in the literature. we evaluated the risk of hcv infection from tattooing and piercing using the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (moose) guidelines. studies that specified the venue of tattooing and/or piercing showed no definitive evidence for an increased risk of hcv infect ...201222291098
systematic review and meta-analysis of "inside-out" versus "outside-in" transobturator tapes in management of stress urinary incontinence in women.to directly compare the current evidence for the efficacy, complications, quality of life and cost to health services of both transobturator tension free vaginal tape procedures - "inside-out" versus "outside-in" - in the surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.201222336229
do psychiatric medications, especially antidepressants, adversely impact maternal metabolic outcomes?psychiatric illnesses, particularly depression, are some of the most common complications of pregnancy. accordingly, pharmacologic treatment of these illnesses is prevalent and increasing. systematic reviews on psychiatric medication use during pregnancy have shown effects on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes and non-systematic reviews of maternal outcomes suggest higher weight gain and an increased risk of gestational diabetes. however, to date there has not been a systematic review of the effe ...201222370064
occurrence, transmission, and zoonotic potential of chronic wasting disease.chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal, transmissible prion disease that affects captive and free-ranging deer, elk, and moose. although the zoonotic potential of cwd is considered low, identification of multiple cwd strains and the potential for agent evolution upon serial passage hinders a definitive conclusion. surveillance for cwd in free-ranging populations has documented a continual geographic spread of the disease throughout north america. cwd prions are shed from clinically and preclin ...201222377159
systematic review of total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation for chronic pancreatitis.total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (tp/iat) is a treatment option in a subset of patients with chronic pancreatitis. a systematic review of the literature was performed to evaluate the outcome of this procedure, with an attempt to ascertain when it is indicated.201222434330
spatial and temporal predictions of moose winter distribution.herbivores are usually distributed unevenly across the landscape often because of variation in resource availability. we used zero-inflated generalised additive models (to account for data with a high number of zeros) that include georeferences to predict winter distribution of a large herbivore (moose alces alces). moose distribution was analysed in relation to forage availability and distance to neighbouring sites. our results showed that the ability to explain moose distribution indexed by pe ...201222437909
polymorphisms and variants in the prion protein sequence of european moose (alces alces), reindeer (rangifer tarandus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama) in scandinavia.the prion protein (prp) sequence of european moose, reindeer, roe deer and fallow deer in scandinavia has high homology to the prp sequence of north american cervids. variants in the european moose prp sequence were found at amino acid position 109 as k or q. the 109q variant is unique in the prp sequence of vertebrates. during the 1980s a wasting syndrome in swedish moose, moose wasting syndrome (mws), was described. snp analysis demonstrated a difference in the observed genotype proportions of ...201222441661
evolutionary adaptations of ruminants and their potential relevance for modern production systems.comparative physiology applies methods established in domestic animal science to a wider variety of species. this can lead to improved insight into evolutionary adaptations of domestic animals, by putting domestic species into a broader context. examples include the variety of responses to seasonally fluctuating environments, different adaptations to heat and drought, and in particular adaptations to herbivory and various herbivore niches. herbivores generally face the challenge that a high food ...201022444604
traditional food consumption behaviour and concern with environmental contaminants among cree schoolchildren of the mushkegowuk territory.to investigate factors influencing consumption of traditional foods (e.g. wild game, fish) and concerns about environmental contaminants among schoolchildren of the mushkegowuk territory first nations (moose factory, fort albany, kashechewan, attawapiskat, and peawanuck).201222456047
the role of genetics in chronic wasting disease of north american cervids.chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a major concern for the management of north american cervid populations. this fatal prion disease has led to declines in populations which have high cwd prevalence and areas with both high and low infection rates have experienced economic losses in wildlife recreation and fears of potential spill-over into livestock or humans. research from human and veterinary medicine has established that the prion protein gene (prnp) encodes the protein responsible for transmi ...201222460693
outcomes of pregnancy following surgery for stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review.although few data have been published on the safety of childbearing after surgery for stress urinary incontinence, a large proportion of physicians recommend that women wait to complete childbearing before pursuing surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence. we systematically reviewed the available literature to examine the safety of pregnancy after stress urinary incontinence surgery, and to measure the effect of such pregnancy on continence outcomes.201222498223
are peer reviewers encouraged to use reporting guidelines? a survey of 116 health research journals.pre-publication peer review of manuscripts should enhance the value of research publications to readers who may wish to utilize findings in clinical care or health policy-making. much published research across all medical specialties is not useful, may be misleading, wasteful and even harmful. reporting guidelines are tools that in addition to helping authors prepare better manuscripts may help peer reviewers in assessing them. we examined journals' instructions to peer reviewers to see if and h ...201222558178
male participation in prevention programmes of mother to child transmission of hiv: a protocol for a systematic review to identify barriers, facilitators and reported interventions.infection with the hiv and aids are leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women and children worldwide. prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hiv (pmtct) programs were developed to protect women and their babies from having hiv infection. however, knowledge on how male participation has been applied to these programs is limited. we present a research protocol for a review which seeks to determine the effects of male participation on female uptake of pmtct programs, and assess h ...201222588016
influence of outdoor no2 exposure on asthma in childhood: meta-analysis.it has long been assumed that the development of childhood asthma is related to exposure to environmental chemicals, but it has thus far not been possible to unequivocally establish this suspected relationship using individual studies. moreover, studies of children have been scanty and unreliable due to the large diversity of research environments and subject cohorts. the aim of the current study was to clarify this relationship for one factor by means of a meta-analysis of studies investigating ...201222640481
the effects of an abundant ectoparasite, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi), on the health of moose (alces alces) in finland.the deer ked (lipoptena cervi, diptera, hippoboscidae) is a haematophagous parasitic fly of the moose (alces alces) and other cervids, and it is very common in southern and central parts of finland. the aim of this study was to determine how the intensive parasitism caused by the deer ked affects the health and welfare of the moose. moose blood samples (n = 78) were collected from deer ked-infested and ked-free regions at 62-68° n and analysed for haematology and clinical chemistry. in addition, ...201222645032
lead concentration in meat from lead-killed moose and predicted human exposure using monte carlo simulation.lead-based hunting ammunitions are still common in most countries. on impact such ammunition releases fragments which are widely distributed within the carcass. in norway, wild game is an important meat source for segments of the population and 95% of hunters use lead-based bullets. in this paper, we have investigated the lead content of ground meat from moose (alces alces) intended for human consumption in norway, and have predicted human exposure through this source. fifty-two samples from dif ...201222651819
apparent diffusion coefficient restriction in the white matter: going beyond acute brain territorial ischemia.reduction of apparent diffusion coefficient (adc) values in white matter is not always ischaemic in nature.201222696041
interferon-γ release assays for the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: a literature review.the role of interferon-gamma release assays (igras) for immunologic diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is under debate. we carried out a narrative review on the studies on igras in paediatric populations. a literature search was conducted using multiple keywords and standardized terminology in medline, embase and cochrane databases, up to january 27th, 2011. study quality was assessed using the moose checklist and results of relevant studies were summarized. sixty-seven paediatric studies (st ...201722697065
parasites in ungulates of arctic north america and greenland: a view of contemporary diversity, ecology, and impact in a world under change.parasites play an important role in the structure and function of arctic ecosystems, systems that are currently experiencing an unprecedented rate of change due to various anthropogenic perturbations, including climate change. ungulates such as muskoxen, caribou, moose and dall's sheep are also important components of northern ecosystems and are a source of food and income, as well as a focus for maintenance of cultural traditions, for northerners. parasites of ungulates can influence host healt ...201222726643
linking trade-offs in habitat selection with the occurrence of functional responses for moose living in two nearby study areas.a species may modify its relative habitat use with changing availability, generating functional responses in habitat selection. functional responses in habitat selection are expected to occur when animals experience trade-offs influencing their habitat selection, but only a few studies to date have explicitly linked functional responses to the underlying trade-offs faced by the animals. we used data from 39 female moose fitted with gps telemetry collars in two nearby study areas in canada to inv ...201222729651
hematology and serum chemistry reference ranges of free-ranging moose (alces alces) in norway.baseline reference ranges of serum chemistry and hematology data can be important indicators for the status of both individuals or populations of wild animals that are affected by emerging pathogens, toxicants, or other causes of disease. frequently, reference ranges for these values are not available for wildlife species or subspecies. we present hematologic and serum chemistry reference ranges for moose (alces alces) adults, yearlings, and calves in norway sampled from 1992-2000. additionally, ...201222740520
neuropsychological consequences of chronic opioid use: a quantitative review and meta-analysis.it is widely assumed within the accumulated literature that neuropsychological function is commonly impaired as a consequence of chronic opioid use.201222771335
serological evidence of besnoitia spp. infection in canadian wild ruminants and strong cross-reaction between besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi.bovine besnoitiosis, caused by besnoitia besnoiti, is considered to be emergent in europe and responsible for severe economic losses due to the chronic and debilitating course of the disease but has not been reported in north america. besnoitia tarandi is a related species and it has been reported in reindeer and caribou from different locations of the arctic pole, including north america. diagnosis of clinical besnoitiosis is largely based on the recognition of dermal grossly visible tissue cys ...201222795672
browsed twig environmental dna: diagnostic pcr to identify ungulate species.ungulate browsing can have a strong effect on ecological processes by affecting plant community structure and composition, with cascading effects on nutrient cycling and animal communities. however, in the absence of direct observations of foraging, species-specific foraging behaviours are difficult to quantify. we therefore know relatively little about foraging competition and species-specific browsing patterns in systems with several browsers. however, during browsing, a small amount of saliva ...201222813481
racial/ethnic disparities in hiv infection among people who inject drugs: an international systematic review and meta-analysis.the ethnic minority meta-analysis (emma) aims to assess racial/ethnic disparities in hiv infection among people who inject drugs (pwid) across various countries. this is the first report of the data.201222823178
estimation of body-size traits by photogrammetry in large mammals to inform conservation.photography, including remote imagery and camera traps, has contributed substantially to conservation. however, the potential to use photography to understand demography and inform policy is limited. to have practical value, remote assessments must be reasonably accurate and widely deployable. prior efforts to develop noninvasive methods of estimating trait size have been motivated by a desire to answer evolutionary questions, measure physiological growth, or, in the case of illegal trade, asses ...201222834930
diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for surgery-related pressure ulcers: a meta-analysis.the purpose of this study was to determine whether diabetes mellitus is associated with increased likelihood of surgery-related (perioperative) pressure ulcers.201622864191
current evidence on the associations of breastfeeding, infant formula, and cow's milk introduction with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.current evidence provides contradictory results in regards to the associations of breastfeeding or early introduction of cow's milk and formula with the development of type 1 diabetes (t1d). the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the type of feeding, duration of breastfeeding, time of introduction of formula or cow's milk, and the potential impact on developing t1d. the literature search was conducted based on the standards outlined in the moose guidelines for meta-analyses and system ...201222946851
strain characterization of the korean cwd cases in 2001 and 2004.chronic wasting disease (cwd) has been recognized as a naturally occurring prion disease in north american deer (odocoileus species), rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and moose (alces alces). the disease was confirmed only in elk in the republic of korea in 2001, 2004 and 2005. epidemiological investigations showed that cwd was introduced via importation of infected elk from canada between 1994 and 1997. in spite of the increasing geographic distribution and host range of cwd, little ...201322972463
insight into the bacterial gut microbiome of the north american moose (alces alces).the work presented here provides the first intensive insight into the bacterial populations in the digestive tract of the north american moose (alces alces). eight free-range moose on natural pasture were sampled, producing eight rumen samples and six colon samples. second generation (g2) phylochips were used to determine the presence of hundreds of operational taxonomic units (otus), representing multiple closely related species/strains (>97% identity), found in the rumen and colon of the moose ...201222992344
screening women for oral contraception: can family history identify inherited thrombophilias?screening for inherited thrombophilias with laboratory tests is impractical before starting women on combined oral contraceptives. as an alternative, some recommend eliciting a family history of venous thromboembolism. the validity of this approach, however, remains unclear.201222996107
trophic cascades, invasive species and body-size hierarchies interactively modulate climate change responses of ecotonal temperate-boreal forest.as the climate warms, boreal tree species are expected to be gradually replaced by temperate species within the southern boreal forest. warming will be accompanied by changes in above- and below-ground consumers: large moose (alces alces) replaced by smaller deer (odocoileus virginianus) above-ground, and small detritivores replaced by larger exotic earthworms below-ground. these shifts may induce a cascade of ecological impacts across trophic levels that could alter the boreal to temperate fore ...201223007083
polyaromatic hydrocarbons of smoked cured muscle foods prepared by canadian tl'azt'en and llheidli t'enneh first nation communities.tl'azt'en and lheidli t'enneh first nation communities have traditionally used smoking, drying, and salting of fish and game as preservation methods to enhance food security. our results showed that levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) were significantly higher in smoked salmon samples compared to moose meats, and further, that pah contents were also dependent on the duration of smoke processing. benzo[a]pyrene (bap) was not detected in fresh or partially smoked foods, but was pre ...201223030651
evaluation of two quantitative pcr assays using bacteroidales and mitochondrial dna markers for tracking dog fecal contamination in waterbodies.this study describes a comparative performance evaluation of two qpcr assays targeting a dog-associated bacteroidales 16s rrna genetic marker (canbac-ucd) and a dog mitochondrial dna (mtdna) marker. the same fecal and environmental samples were assayed for the two markers thereby allowing direct comparison. a wide range of non-target species including, human, pig, horse, deer, mountain goat, bison, caribou, and moose were tested. marker persistence was also monitored in freshwater microcosms. bo ...201223041493
sufentanil citrate immobilization of alaskan moose calves.free-ranging alaskan moose calves (alces alces gigas) were immobilized with 0.12 mg/kg sufentanil (s; n=16), 0.12 mg/kg sufentanil plus 0.27 mg/kg xylazine (sx; n=11), or 0.007 mg/kg carfentanil plus 0.36 mg/kg xylazine (cx; n=13). immobilants were antagonized with 1.2 mg/kg naltrexone (s) or 1.2 mg/kg naltrexone plus 2.4 mg/kg tolazoline (sx, cx). there were no differences in induction (p ≥ 0.29) or processing (p ≥ 0.44) times between groups. moose given either s or sx had significantly shorter ...201223060515
eastern equine encephalitis in moose (alces americanus) in northeastern vermont.during fall 2010, 21 moose (alces americanus) sera collected in northeastern vermont were screened for eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) antibodies using plaque reduction neutralization tests. six (29%) were antibody positive. this is the first evidence of eeev activity in vermont, and the second report of eeev antibodies in moose.201223060520
bartonella infections in deer keds (lipoptena cervi) and moose (alces alces) in norway.infections with bartonella spp. have been recognized as emerging zoonotic diseases in humans. large knowledge gaps exist, however, relating to reservoirs, vectors, and transmission of these bacteria. we describe identification by culture, pcr, and housekeeping gene sequencing of bartonella spp. in fed, wingless deer keds (lipoptena cervi), deer ked pupae, and blood samples collected from moose, alces alces, sampled within the deer ked distribution range in norway. direct sequencing from moose bl ...201223104416
defining parasite biodiversity at high latitudes of north america: new host and geographic records for onchocerca cervipedis (nematoda: onchocercidae) in moose and caribou.onchocerca cervipedis is a filarioid nematode of cervids reported from central america to boreal regions of north america. it is found primarily in subcutaneous tissues of the legs, and is more commonly known as 'legworm'. blackflies are intermediate hosts and transmit larvae to ungulates when they blood-feed. in this article we report the first records of o. cervipedis from high latitudes of north america and its occurrence in previously unrecognized host subspecies including the yukon-alaska m ...201223110962
cryptic onchocerca species infecting north american cervids, with implications for the evolutionary history of host associations in onchocerca.parasites in the genus onchocerca infect humans, ruminants, camels, horses, suids, and canids, with effects ranging from relatively benign to debilitating. in north america, onchocerca cervipedis is the sole species known to infect cervids, while at least 5 onchocerca species infect eurasian cervids. in this study, we report the discovery of a cervid-parasitizing onchocerca only distantly related to o. cervipedis. to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the genus onchocerca, we used newly acq ...201323131549
[reduction of plant fibers in the digestive tract of the moose and the red deer].a comparative study of the reduction of plant fibers moving in the digestive tract of nine red deer (cervus elaphus) and six moose (alces alces) was made. in the winter season, the character of fiber reduction in the moose and the red deer was similar. in the deer obtained in the early autumn, the relative concentration of small-sized fractions was significantly higher. a sharp decrease in the share oflarge-sized fibers was observed in the omasum as compared to the rumen and the reticulum. it wa ...201623136740
surgical treatment of infected aortic grafts.an infection of an aortic prosthesis is a severe condition with high morbidity and mortality rates. surgical treatment of an infected aortic graft or infected aortic stent-graft focuses on treatment of the infection and maintaining or restoring perfusion of the lower limbs. over the years various reconstruction options have been introduced, each claiming to be the most successful in securing lower limb perfusion. consensus about the optimum treatment strategy is lacking. the frail patient popula ...201223138602
simulated moose (alces alces l.) browsing increases accumulation of secondary metabolites in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) along gradients of habitat productivity and solar radiation.we have addressed the impact of moose (alces alces l.) on accumulation of secondary metabolites, lignin, and nitrogen in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) along gradients of habitat productivity and solar radiation. the study was conducted within a long-term research project on direct and indirect impacts of moose on the ecosystem. in the experiment, browsing, defecation, and urination corresponding to four different moose densities were simulated for eight years before bilberry tissue was colle ...201223143636
factors affecting deer ked (lipoptena cervi) prevalence and infestation intensity in moose (alces alces) in norway.the deer ked (lipoptena cervi), a hematophagous ectoparasite of cervids, is currently spreading in scandinavia. in norway, keds are now invading the south-eastern part of the country and the abundant and widely distributed moose (alces alces) is the definitive host. however, key factors for ked abundance are poorly elucidated. the objectives of our study were to (i) determine deer ked infestation prevalence and intensity on moose and (ii) evaluate if habitat characteristics and moose population ...201223146387
spatial genetic and morphologic structure of wolves and coyotes in relation to environmental heterogeneity in a canis hybrid zone.eastern wolves have hybridized extensively with coyotes and gray wolves and are listed as a 'species of special concern' in canada. however, a distinct population of eastern wolves has been identified in algonquin provincial park (app) in ontario. previous studies of the diverse canis hybrid zone adjacent to app have not linked genetic analysis with field data to investigate genotype-specific morphology or determine how resident animals of different ancestry are distributed across the landscape ...201223173981
[sacrocystis hjorti lesions in hunted red deer in switzerland].in meat samples from 2 hunted red deer (cervus elaphus) of different origins (region ilanz, region filisur) large-scale greenish tissue discolorations with a gelatinous change of fascia were observed and diagnosed as eosinophilic fasciitis. sarcocystis hjorti, a recently described sarcocystis species in red deer and moose in norway, was found as the causing agent. foxes are regarded as final hosts in the development cycle of this parasite. factors leading to such cases of eosinophilic fasciitis ...201223188766
the influence of winter severity, predation and senescence on moose habitat use.habitat use is widely known to be influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, such as climate, population density, foraging opportunity and predation risk. the influence of the life-history state of an individual organism on habitat use is less well understood, especially for terrestrial mammals. there is good reason to expect that life-history state would affect habitat use. for example, organisms exhibiting poor condition associated with senescence have an increased vulnerability to predation an ...201323205630
surgical treatment of infected aortic grafts.an infection of an aortic prosthesis is a severe condition with high morbidity and mortality rates. surgical treatment of an infected aortic graft or infected aortic stent-graft focuses on treatment of the infection and maintaining or restoring perfusion of the lower limbs. over the years various reconstruction options have been introduced, each claiming to be the most successful in securing lower limb perfusion. consensus about the optimum treatment strategy is lacking. the frail patient popula ...201223207555
from migration to nomadism: movement variability in a northern ungulate across its latitudinal range.understanding the causes and consequences of animal movements is of fundamental biological interest because any alteration in movement can have direct and indirect effects on ecosystem structure and function. it is also crucial for assisting spatial wildlife management under variable environmental change scenarios. recent research has highlighted the need of quantifying individual variability in movement behavior and how it is generated by interactions between individual requirements and environ ...201223210316
reproductive success and failure: the role of winter body mass in reproductive allocation in norwegian moose.a life history strategy that favours somatic growth over reproduction is well known for long-lived iteroparous species, especially in unpredictable environments. risk-sensitive female reproductive allocation can be achieved by a reduced reproductive effort at conception, or the subsequent adjustment of investment during gestation or lactation in response to unexpected environmental conditions or resource availability. we investigated the relative importance of reduced investment at conception co ...201323223863
childhood overweight/obesity and asthma: is there a link? a systematic review of recent epidemiologic evidence.asthma and overweight/obesity prevalence are both increasing worldwide. overweight/obesity has been suggested as a risk factor for developing asthma. the aim of this review is to present and evaluate recent publications that help answer the question: "is increased body weight (at least overweight status) related to asthma in children?" a systematic review of epidemiologic literature was carried out using the medline database. epidemiologic studies on young human subjects (ie, infants, children, ...201323260726
prevalence and clinical features of multiple sclerosis in latin america.multiple sclerosis (ms) in latin america (la) is considered to have a low to medium prevalence. however, accurate information on ms in la is scarce. the aim of this study was to compare clinical characteristics among la patients through a systematic review of the literature. a systematic search (spanish, portuguese and english) was done for all clinical studies of ms in humans (medline, pubmed, scielo, bireme, embase and lilacs) up to may 2011 being focused on a well-defined latin american popul ...201323273381
physiological evaluation of free-ranging moose (alces alces) immobilized with etorphine-xylazine-acepromazine in northern sweden.evaluation of physiology during capture and anesthesia of free-ranging wildlife is useful for determining the effect that capture methods have on both ecological research results and animal welfare. this study evaluates capture and anesthesia of moose (alces alces) with etorphine-xylazine-acepromazine in northern sweden.201223276208
meta-analysis: recurrence and survival following the use of sirolimus in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.the use of sirolimus (srl)-based immunosuppression protocols have been reported to reduce recurrence rates following liver transplantation (lt) for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), although this is still a matter for debate.201323278125
methodological standards in medical reporting.published research findings are the basis for health care decisions or further medical research. however, reporting of research methods and findings is often incomplete and of insufficient quality. poor reporting hampers the assessment of reliability and validity of study results. strengths and weaknesses of the investigation cannot be completely evaluated and subsequently it can mislead decision making in health care or in further clinical research. transparent reporting can help minimize misin ...201323279950
using exploratory factor analysis of ffq data to identify dietary patterns among yup'ik people.an ffq developed by the center for alaska native health research for studies in yup'ik people includes market foods and subsistence foods such as moose, seal, waterfowl and salmon that may be related to disease risk. because the ffq contains >100 food items, we sought to characterize dietary patterns more simply for use in ongoing pharmacogenomics studies.201423290469
gastrointestinal nematodes of moose (alces alces) in relation to supplementary feeding.winter supplementary feeding of wildlife is controversial because it may promote parasite and disease transmission by host aggregation. we investigated the effect of winter supplemental feeding of scandinavian moose (alces alces) on gastrointestinal (gi) parasite infection in two counties of southern norway by comparing fecal egg counts of moose using, and not using, feeding stations between january 2007 and march 2010. we identified three different gi nematodes based on egg morphology. all thre ...201323307373
associations of glycemic index and load with coronary heart disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts.glycemic index (gi) and glycemic load (gl) have been associated with coronary heart disease (chd) risk in some but not all cohort studies. we therefore assessed the association of gi and gl with chd risk in prospective cohorts.201223316283
managing moose harvests by the seat of your pants.moose populations are managed for sustainable yield balanced against costs caused by damage to forestry or agriculture and collisions with vehicles. optimal harvests can be calculated based on a structured population model driven by data on abundance and the composition of bulls, cows, and calves obtained by aerial-survey monitoring during winter. quotas are established by the respective government agency and licenses are issued to hunters to harvest an animal of specified age or sex during the ...201223316496
genetic variation in codons 167, 198 and 200 of the beta-tubulin gene in whipworms (trichuris spp.) from a range of domestic animals and wildlife.a recurrent problem in the control of whipworm (trichuris spp.) infections in many animal species and man is the relatively low efficacy of treatment with a single application of benzimidazoles (bzs). the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in codons 167, 198 and 200 in the beta-tubulin gene has been associated with bz anthelmintic resistance in intestinal nematodes of veterinary importance. we hypothesized that the low susceptibility to bz could be related to a natural tolerance ...201323352105
psoriasis and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.increasing population-based studies have suggested a relationship between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome.201323360868
effects of tree species richness and composition on moose winter browsing damage and foraging selectivity: an experimental study.the optimal foraging theory, the nutrient balance hypothesis, and the plant association theories predict that foraging decisions and resulting tree damage by large mammalian browsers may be influenced by the species richness and species composition of forest stands. this may lead to either associational susceptibility (increased damage on a focal plant in a mixed stand) or associational resistance (reduced damage in a mixed stand). better understanding of the mechanisms and the relative importan ...201323363076
impact of cord entanglement on perinatal outcome of monoamniotic twins: a systematic review of the literature.to review the current literature concerning perinatal outcome of monoamniotic pregnancies with cord entanglement.201323371346
assessment of doses to game animals in finland.a study was carried out to assess the dose rates to game animals in finland affected by the radioactive caesium deposition that occurred after the accident at the chernobyl nuclear power plant in ukraine in 1986. the aim of this assessment was to obtain new information on the dose rates to mammals and birds under finnish conditions. dose rates were calculated using the erica assessment tool developed within the ec 6th framework programme. the input data consisted of measured activity concentrati ...201323395135
understanding scales of movement: animals ride waves and ripples of environmental change.animal movements are the primary behavioural adaptation to spatiotemporal heterogeneity in resource availability. depending on their spatiotemporal scale, movements have been categorized into distinct functional groups (e.g. foraging movements, dispersal, migration), and have been studied using different methodologies. we suggest striving towards the development of a coherent framework based on the ultimate function of all movement types, which is to increase individual fitness through an optima ...201323414218
racing car brings tear drops in the moose. 201323436891
a systematic review of the relationship between blood loss and clinical signs.this systematic review examines the relationship between blood loss and clinical signs and explores its use to trigger clinical interventions in the management of obstetric haemorrhage.201323483915
ixodes ricinus infestation in free-ranging cervids in norway--a study based upon ear examinations of hunted animals.prevalence, abundance and instar composition of ixodes ricinus as found on one ear collected from 1019 moose (alces alces), red deer (cervus elaphus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus), shot during hunting (august-december) 2001-2003, are reported. the animals originated from 15 coastal municipalities (cm), seven municipalities bordering to coastal municipalities (bcm) and four inland municipalities (im), in norway, between latitudes 58-66° n. i. ricinus occurred endemically in all cm and bcm up ...201323541678
phylogenetic relationships among sarcocystis species in cervids, cattle and sheep inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene.coccidian parasites in the genus sarcocystis have a two-host life cycle, and have traditionally been identified on the basis of morphological features of the sarcocyst stage in their intermediate hosts. additional molecular species identification, delimitation and phylogeny of sarcocystis spp. have been based mainly on the nuclear ssrrna gene. this gene is well suited for discrimination between more distant species but less so for closely related species. the objective of this study was therefor ...201323542092
a gene transfer agent and a dynamic repertoire of secretion systems hold the keys to the explosive radiation of the emerging pathogen bartonella.gene transfer agents (gtas) randomly transfer short fragments of a bacterial genome. a novel putative gta was recently discovered in the mouse-infecting bacterium bartonella grahamii. although gtas are widespread in phylogenetically diverse bacteria, their role in evolution is largely unknown. here, we present a comparative analysis of 16 bartonella genomes ranging from 1.4 to 2.6 mb in size, including six novel genomes from bartonella isolated from a cow, two moose, two dogs, and a kangaroo. a ...201323555299
parasitic zoonoses: one health surveillance in northern saskatchewan.we report the results of a joint human-animal health investigation in a dene community in northern saskatchewan, where residents harvest wildlife (including moose, bear, elk, and fish), live in close contact with free roaming dogs, and lack access to permanent veterinary services. fecal analysis of owned and free-roaming dogs over two consecutive years (n = 92, 103) identified several parasites of public health concern, including toxocara canis, diphyllobothrium spp., echinococcus/taenia, crypto ...201323556025
perinatal outcomes of isolated oligohydramnios at term and post-term pregnancy: a systematic review of literature with meta-analysis.the management of isolated oligohydramnios (io) in post/term pregnancies is controversial. the aim of this paper was to review outcomes of term and post-term pregnancies with io versus normal amniotic fluid (af) at labor assessment.201323561019
alcohol use disorders and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on all-cause mortality in people with alcohol use disorders.201323627868
home range size variation in a recovering wolf population: evaluating the effect of environmental, demographic, and social factors.home range size in mammals is a key ecological trait and an important parameter in conservation planning, and has been shown to be influenced by ecological, demographic and social factors in animal populations. information on space requirements is especially important for carnivore species which range over very large areas and often come into direct conflict with human interest. we used long-term telemetry-location data from a recovering wolf population in scandinavia to investigate variation in ...201323636461
predicting shifts in parasite distribution with climate change: a multitrophic level approach.climate change likely will lead to increasingly favourable environmental conditions for many parasites. however, predictions regarding parasitism's impacts often fail to account for the likely variability in host distribution and how this may alter parasite occurrence. here, we investigate potential distributional shifts in the meningeal worm, parelaphostrongylosis tenuis, a protostrongylid nematode commonly found in white-tailed deer in north america, whose life cycle also involves a free-livin ...201323666800
a systematic scoping review of adherence to reporting guidelines in health care literature.reporting guidelines have been available for the past 17 years since the inception of the consolidated standards of reporting trials statement in 1996. these guidelines were developed to improve the quality of reporting of studies in medical literature. despite the widespread availability of these guidelines, the quality of reporting of medical literature remained suboptimal. in this study, we assess the current adherence practice to reporting guidelines; determine key factors associated with be ...201323671390
recommendations for reporting outcome results in abdominal wall repair: results of a consensus meeting in palermo, italy, 28-30 june 2012.the literature dealing with abdominal wall surgery is often flawed due to lack of adherence to accepted reporting standards and statistical methodology.201323673408
multi-trophic resource selection function enlightens the behavioural game between wolves and their prey.1. habitat selection strategies translate into movement tactics, which reckon with the predator-prey spatial game. strategic habitat selection analysis can therefore illuminate behavioural games. cover types at potential encounter sites (i.e. intersections between movement paths of predator and prey) can be compared with cover types available (i) within the area of home-range-overlap (hro) between predator and prey; and (ii) along the path (mp) of each species. unlike the hro scale, cover-type a ...201323701257
experimental chronic wasting disease in wild type vm mice.chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a naturally occurring prion disease in north american deer (odocoileus species), rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and moose (alces alces). the disease was first confirmed in the republic of korea in 2001, and subsequent cases were diagnosed in 2004, 2005 and 2010. the experimental host range of cwd includes ferrets, several species of voles, white-footed mice, deer mice and syrian golden hamsters. in addition, cwd was transmitted to the transgenic mous ...201323708962
fetal growth in relation to maternal and fetal igf-axes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.insulin-like growth factors (igfs) and their binding proteins (igfbps) are key regulators of fetal growth. however, the literature is inconsistent. our objective was to systematically and objectively evaluate the available literature and to develop a balanced opinion on the relation between maternal and fetal igf-axes and birthweight. a systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted according to the published moose (meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology) guidelines. a robu ...201323745729
early detection of chronic wasting disease prions in urine of pre-symptomatic deer by real-time quaking-induced conversion assay.chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease of captive and free-ranging deer (odocoileus spp), elk (cervus elaphus nelsonii) and moose (alces alces shirasi). unlike in most other prion diseases, in cwd prions are shed in urine and feces, which most likely contributes to the horizontal transmission within and between cervid species. to date, cwd ante-mortem diagnosis is only possible by immunohistochemical detection of protease resistant prion protein (prp (sc) ) in tonsil or recto-anal muco ...201523764839
behavioural responses to thermal conditions affect seasonal mass change in a heat-sensitive northern ungulate.empirical tests that link temperature-mediated changes in behaviour (activity and resource selection) to individual fitness or condition are currently lacking for endotherms yet may be critical to understanding the effect of climate change on population dynamics. moose (alces alces) are thought to suffer from heat stress in all seasons so provide a good biological model to test whether exposure to non-optimal ambient temperatures influence seasonal changes in body mass. seasonal mass change is a ...201323776584
high elaeophorosis prevalence among harvested colorado moose.infection with elaeophora schneideri, a filarial parasite, occurs commonly in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), but seemingly less so in moose (alces alces). of 109 carotid artery samples from moose harvested throughout colorado, usa, in 2007, 14 (13%; 95% binomial confidence interval [bci]=7-21%) showed gross and 91 (83%; 95% bci=75-90%) showed histologic evidence of elaeophorosis. although neither blindness nor other clinical signs associated with elaeophorosis ...201323778618
quantitative association of tobacco smoking with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies conducted between 1979 and 2011.over the years, many studies have attempted to establish a link between tobacco smoking and an increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc), but their results have been inconsistent. to clarify this link, we first conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to integrate the findings of epidemiologic studies from the last half-century. the methodology used for this study followed the checklist proposed by the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (moose) group. pooled risk estima ...201323785114
cannabis psychosis: examining the evidence for a distinctive psychopathology in a systematic and narrative review.background: the term "cannabis psychosis" has become ubiquitous in the psychiatric literature. few authors have described the precise psychopathology of this potentially distinct subtype of psychosis. specifically, little attention has been paid to exploring whether cannabis psychosis is characterized by a psychopathology which is different from that of other types of psychosis. objective: the purpose of this paper was to systematically review the literature for evidence of a specific constellat ...201223786516
short-term digestible energy intake in captive moose (alces alces) on different diets.moose (alces alces) are regularly described as problematic animals in captivity, mainly because of their particular digestive physiology and resulting feeding demands. according to the literature, moose regularly reject non-browse forages offered in captivity, which may indirectly lead to an overproportional ingestion of easily digestible feeds and thus chronic acidosis, which may in turn be the cause of their low life expectancy in captivity. by feeding experiments in four animals, this study a ...201323801273
introducing a rigid loop structure from deer into mouse prion protein increases its propensity for misfolding in vitro.prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by misfolding of the cellular prion protein (prp(c)) into the disease-associated isoform (prp(sc)) that has increased β-sheet content and partial resistance to proteolytic digestion. prion diseases from different mammalian species have varying propensities for transmission upon exposure of an uninfected host to the infectious agent. chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a highly transmissible prion disease that affects free ranging an ...201323825561
spatio-temporal dynamics in the response of woodland caribou and moose to the passage of grey wolf.predators impact prey populations not only by consuming individuals, but also by altering their behaviours. these nonlethal effects can influence food web properties as much as lethal effects. the mechanisms of nonlethal effects include chronic and temporary anti-predator behaviours, the nature of which depends on the spatial dynamics of predators and the range over which prey perceive risk. the relation between chronic and ephemeral responses to risk determines predator-prey interactions, with ...201423859231
giardia prevalence in wild cervids in poland.a total of 181 faecal samples were collected from wild cervids in two regions of poland. specimens were taken from 65 fallow deer (dama dama), 61 red deer (cervus elaphus), 50 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), and five moose (alces alces). giardia cysts were detected in one faecal specimen from the red deer and in two samples from the roe deer. although this study has demonstrated that giardia infection is remarkably rare in wild cervids, it should be emphasized that there are large populations of ...201223914615
association between obesity and postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac operations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.in a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis, we evaluated whether obesity is associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation (poaf) in patients undergoing cardiac operations. we selected 18 observational studies until december 2011 that excluded patients with preoperative af (n=36,147). obese patients had a modest higher risk of poaf compared with nonobese (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.21; p=0.002). the association between obesity and poaf did not vary subst ...201323932258
prenatal identification of invasive placentation using ultrasound: systematic review and meta-analysis.the accuracy of prospective sonographic prenatal detection of invasive placentation is unclear. the objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the performance of ultrasound in at-risk women for prenatal identification of invasive placentation.201323943408
prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor in patients with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) plays important roles in the development of gastric cancer. this study aims to analyze the prognostic value of egfr in patients with gastric cancer.201323954221
the earliest case of extreme sexual display with exaggerated male organs by two middle jurassic mecopterans.many extant male animals exhibit exaggerated body parts for display, defense or offence in sexual selection, such as male birds of paradise showing off colorful and elegant feathers and male moose and reindeers bearing large structured antlers. for insects, male rhinoceros and stag beetles have huge horn-like structure for fighting and competition and some male leptopanorpa scorpionflies have very long abdominal terminal segments for sexual display and competition. fossil records of insects havi ...201323977031
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