Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| preventing hepatitis a infections in travelers to endemic areas. | in 1995, 24 million travelers from the united states are anticipated to visit developing countries where hepatitis a is endemic. passive immunization with immune globulin, before exposure or within two weeks following exposure to the hepatitis a virus, protects against clinical disease in < 70-90% of immunized individuals. the duration of protection, measured in months, is relatively short. active immunization with a single dose of inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine appears to provide greater ... | 1995 | 8561258 |
| recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing hepatitis a virus structural polypeptides: detection of an anti-vp0 response in convalescent-phase sera. | we have generated a number of recombinant vaccinia viruses which expressed the hepatitis a virus (hav) structural polypeptides vp1, vp2, vp3, and vp4, either alone or in combination. the relevant sequences encoding these polypeptides were amplified from cloned cdna by pcr and then cloned into the insertion vector pgs62. the presence of the hav structural polypeptide-encoding sequences in the recombinant viruses was confirmed by southern blot analysis, whilst their transcription and translation w ... | 1995 | 8574835 |
| risk of hepatitis a in dutch hemophilia patients. | recently, clotting factor preparations transmitted hepatitis a virus (hav) to hemophilia patients. to study the risk of hav infection in dutch hemophilia patients, serum samples of 341 patients with hemophilia were tested for hav antibodies (anti-hav). 197/341 patients (group 1) were treated with clotting factor concentrates produced from large plasma pools, 144/341 patients (group 2) were treated with small pool cryoprecipitate. the test results were compared to those of healthy blood donors (n ... | 1995 | 8584994 |
| virosomes as carriers for combined vaccines. | immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (iriv) are liposomes which carry the two glycoproteins of the influenza virus on their surface. a hepatitis a vaccine using iriv as carrier has very good immunogenicity and is well tolerated. the objective of this study was to produce a fivefold combined vaccine against hepatitis a and b, diphtheria, tetanus and influenza a/b, and to show that in principle irivs can serve as carriers for multiple antigens which have good immunogenicity and are ... | 1995 | 8585285 |
| antiviral activity of recombinant interferon-alpha on hepatitis a virus replication in human liver cells. | human recombinant interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) was assayed for its antiviral effect on hepatitis a virus (hav) replication in the human hepatoma cell line plc/prf/5. ifn-alpha resulted in concentration-dependent reduction of hav antigen expression and hav replication. ifn-alpha had a prophylactic effect, but was still effective when it was added after the infection, even at the end of the first replication cycle. an important increase in 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in the ifn-treate ... | 1995 | 8585761 |
| risk factors for hepatitis a, b and c virus infection among swedish expatriates. | the influence of different risk factors for viral hepatitis a, b and c, particularly if sexual contact with the indigenous population was related to an increased risk of having hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers, was assessed by multivariate analysis in a logistic regression model in a prospectively enrolled series of 563 adult swedish expatriates. the most frequently reported recognised risk factors for the acquisition of viral hepatitis (as reported in a self-administered questionnaire) were havi ... | 1995 | 8586840 |
| changes ahead in childhood immunization. | 1996 | 8594229 | |
| hepatitis a vaccine. | hepatitis a continues to cause sporadic cases, epidemics, and occasional deaths in the united states. a killed virus vaccine for immunization against hepatitis a has recently been approved by the food and drug administration. one hundred percent seroconversion occurs after a series consisting of a primary dose and a second booster shot 6-12 months later. co-administration of immune-globulin and hepatitis a vaccine lowers ultimate antibody levels 50% compared with vaccine alone. targets for immun ... | 1996 | 8607483 |
| active immunization against hepatitis a is now warranted in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient subjects. | 1996 | 8607537 | |
| auxiliary liver transplantation: regeneration of the native liver and outcome in 30 patients with fulminant hepatic failure--a multicenter european study. | auxiliary liver transplantation (lt) is a special procedure of lt which could be proposed to patients with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) and has for aim that complete regeneration of the native liver (nl) left in place will allow the graft recipient to resume normal liver function after allograft withdrawal. we report 30 cases of auxiliary lt performed for fhf in 12 european centers. twenty-five of 30 patients were younger than 50 years. the cause of fhf was hepatitis a virus (hav) in 4 patien ... | 1996 | 8621143 |
| a simian strain of hepatitis a virus, agm-27, functions as an attenuated vaccine for chimpanzees. | the agm-27 strain of hepatitis a virus (hav) was originally isolated from an african green monkey with hepatitis and appears to represent a true simian strain. the virus caused acute hepatitis after intravenous inoculation into african green monkeys, rhesus monkeys, and marmosets. cynomolgus monkeys inoculated with the virus did not develop hepatitis, probably because of prior exposure to hav. chimpanzees inoculated with a high dose of the virus did not develop signs of hepatitis, although the v ... | 1996 | 8627022 |
| identification of hepatitis a virus non-structural protein 2b and its release by the major virus protease 3c. | the rna genome of hepatitis a virus (hav) encodes a giant polyprotein that is putatively cleaved proteolytically into four structural and seven non-structural proteins. so far, most of the proposed non-structural proteins and their respective cleavage sites have not been identified. a vaccinia virus recombinant (vrgorf) containing the complete hav orf under the control of the bacteriophage t7 promoter was used to express hav in recombinant animal cells (bt7-h) that constitutively expressed t7 dn ... | 1996 | 8627228 |
| rna-protein interactions at the 3' end of the hepatitis a virus rna. | the regulative cis-acting terminal rna structures and the proteins involved in the amplification of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome are unknown. by uv cross-linking/label transfer experiments, we have analyzed sequences of the 3'-nontranslated region (3'ntr) and preceding domains of the viral genome for their ability to interact with host proteins. a series of cdna constructs were used to create genomic- and antigenomic-sense transcripts. the results show that the 3'-ntr-poly(a) interacted wi ... | 1996 | 8627714 |
| replication of hepatitis a viruses with chimeric 5' nontranslated regions. | the role of the 5' nontranslated region in the replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) was studied by analyzing the translation and replication of chimeric rnas containing the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry segment (ires) and various lengths (237, 151, or 98 nucleotides [nt]) of the 5'-terminal hav sequence. translation of all chimeric rnas, truncated to encode only capsid protein sequences, occurred with equal efficiency in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and was much enha ... | 1996 | 8627760 |
| immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine amongst singaporeans. | the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine was studied in healthy singaporean adult volunteers. one hundred and forty healthy volunteers with normal alanine (alt) and aspartate (ast) transaminases and no previous exposure to hav, received three 1 ml doses (720 elisa units) of an inactivated hav vaccine (smithkline beechams biologicals) following a 0, 1, 6 months vaccination schedule. all subjects were asked to record and grade the severity of any reac ... | 1995 | 8629058 |
| amplification of the full-length hepatitis a virus genome by long reverse transcription-pcr and transcription of infectious rna directly from the amplicon. | the genetic study of rna viruses is greatly facilitated by the availability of infectious cdna clones. however, their construction has often been difficult. while exploring ways to simplify the construction of infectious clones, we have successfully modified and applied the newly described technique of "long pcr" to the synthesis of a full-length dna amplicon from the rna of a cytopathogenic mutant (hm 175/24a) of the hepatitis a virus (hav). primers were synthesized to match the two extremities ... | 1996 | 8633073 |
| molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of hepatitis a in italy. | the relationship of hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates associated with an outbreak in genoa, italy, in 1993 was examined using direct sequencing of amplicons derived by antigen capture pcr (ac/pcr) from faecal samples of the infected persons. forty samples recovered from 38 primary and two secondary cases were examined. the latter were household contacts of the primary cases. in addition, faecal material of 2 unrelated persons infected simultaneously with hepatitis a in genoa were tested. the pcr ... | 1995 | 8636721 |
| annulate lamellae and lytic hav infection in vitro. | the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between viral infection and annulate lamellae (al) production by using quantitative and qualitative electron microscopy to document the size and numbers of al in bs-c-1 cells infected with a lytic strain of hepatitis a virus (hav). the progress of the hav infection was found to occur in two phases. in phase 1, cell proliferation and cell death were roughly the same as that of the mock infected control, but there was an increase with time in t ... | 1996 | 8650673 |
| optimization of poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation of hepatitis a virus used to prepare vaqta, a highly purified inactivated vaccine. | poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation has been successfully used to concentrate and purify hepatitis a virus from crude lysate preparations for production of vaqta, a highly purified, formalin-inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. initial results showed that nucleic acids present in the starting material were problematic for the performance of the poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation step. extensive experiments were carried out to identify processing conditions suitable for vaccine manufacture which wou ... | 1996 | 8652125 |
| [immunity against hepatitis a in younger age groups and the basis for an immunization program]. | the naturally acquired immunity to hepatitis a virus (hav) in a sample of 305 children, aged up to 15 years, in the municipality of ivanić-grad amounted to 18.7%. the study was conducted in september 1989. of those 305 children, 16.8% of the boys and 20.7% of the girls were positive. no statistically significant difference was observed with regard to sex (p < 0.01) (chi 2 = 1.4). of the children aged up to two years, 47.4% were exposed to the hepatitis a virus. seropositive for anti-hav were 8.3 ... | 1995 | 8656973 |
| specific interaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase with the 5'-nontranslated rna of hepatitis a virus. | initiation of translation of hepatitis a virus (hav) rna occurs by internal entry and is likely to involve the interaction of trans-acting cellular protein factors with cis-acting structural elements of an internal ribosomal entry segment (ires) within the 5'-nontranslated rna. to characterize interactions between african green monkey kidney (bs-c-1) cell proteins and the predicted stem-loop iiia (nucleotides 155-235) located at the 5' border of the hav ires, we utilized an electrophoresis mobil ... | 1996 | 8662893 |
| single dose-inactivated hepatitis a vaccination schedule for susceptible youngsters. | to investigate the feasibility of a single-dose primary hepatitis a vaccination for young travelers. | 1996 | 8677995 |
| use of nuclease enzyme in the purification of vaqta, a hepatitis a vaccine. | the development of the purification process for vaqta, which results in a highly purified inactivated hepatitis a vaccine, was driven by modifications in the cell-culture and harvest methods which permit hepatitis a virus propagation to support large-scale manufacture. the starting material for the purification was initially a concentrated cell pellet scraped from roller bottles. however, when the cell-culture method was scaled up to use high-surface-area nunc cell factories or costar cubes, the ... | 1996 | 8679106 |
| [immune response to a single dose of a novel kind of hepatitis a vaccine following splenectomy]. | the immune response to parenteral antigens is reduced in persons without spleen. the seroconversion rate was measured after application of a new type of vaccine against hepatitis a (immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virus virosome [iriv]) in patients who had undergone a splenectomy after trauma. | 1996 | 8681712 |
| [hepatitis a vaccine]. | 1995 | 8684338 | |
| [comparative study of the immunogenicity of the inactivated hepatitis a vaccine hep-a-in-vac from experimental and clinical data]. | comparative analysis of the specific activities of various batches of hep-a-in-vac vaccine showed that the immunologic efficacy of the agent directly depended on the content of hepatitis a virus antigen in the vaccine dose. the results of studying the immunogenicity of the agent on volunteers are compatible with the results of experimental studies and indicate that the test of guinea pigs adequately assesses this characteristic. assessment of the immunogenic properties of hep-a-in-vac prepared u ... | 1995 | 8686264 |
| [adaptation of hepatitis a virus to nonprimate cells]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) was adapted to nonprimate bhk-21 cell line (syrian hamster kidney). enzyme immunoassay, immunoblotting, and slot hybridization demonstrated the capacity of hm175 culture strain to stable reproduction in this cell line. more than 50 passages of adapted hav were carried out, which showed no changes in the basic cultural characteristics of the virus. the data permit a conclusion on the possibility of hav reproduction in nonprimate cells. | 1996 | 8686273 |
| hepatitis a vaccines. | 1996 | 8691546 | |
| [an epidemiometric model of viral hepatitis a and its use]. | the mathematical model of viral hepatitis a has been developed. the model is the system of 7 boundary differential equations which describe changes occurring in the course of time in the main epidemiological groups of the population. on the basis of the proposed model quantitative experiments on the epidemiological effects of a hypothetic program of immunization at hypothetic power of infection have been carried out. | 1996 | 8701653 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses in a healthy population in leon, nicaragua. | a cross-sectional survey of the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), and e (hev) antibodies in a healthy population in leon, nicaragua was conducted and associated with demographic data. the overall prevalence of antibodies to hav was 94.6%, to hbv 6.5% and to hev between 4.6% and 8.0%, whereas none of 399 tested subjects showed confirmed seropositivity to hcv. a high hav seropositivity rate (72.7%) was observed even in the lowest age groups tested (2-4 years of age). in ... | 1996 | 8702016 |
| supplementary statement on hepatitis a prevention. laboratory centre for disease control. | 1996 | 8705911 | |
| prolonged fecal excretion of hepatitis a virus in adult patients with hepatitis a as determined by polymerase chain reaction. | in hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, fecal excretion of the virus has been reported to cease shortly after symptoms occur. although there have been several reports on detection of hav in feces using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), the duration of fecal hav shedding in human adult hepatitis a has not been well described. in the present study, we applied the reverse-transcription (rt)-pcr system to the detection of fecal hav rna in 10 patients with sporadic hepatitis a. the viral genomic rna was ... | 1996 | 8707246 |
| causes of acute exacerbations of chronic hepatitis b. | the authors analyzed acute exacerbations of chronic hepatitis b in 24 chronic hbsag carriers (20 with positive hbeag, 4 with anti-hbe), more than half of whom were treated with glucocorticoids, by examining specific antigens and antibodies of the hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis delta virus (hdv), epstein-barr virus (ebv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv). of 38 observed exacerbations of the disease they found in 7 (18%) deterioration after discontinuation of glucocorticoids, ... | 1995 | 8718791 |
| risk factors and prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav) in children from day-care centers, in goiania, brazil. | a seroepidemiologic survey about hepatitis a virus (hav) infection was carried out in a group comprising 310 children, ranging in age from 3 months to 9 years, from day-care centers, in goiania, a middle sized city in the central region of brazil. the biomarkers employed in the investigation of previous infection include total igg and igm anti-hav antibodies, and for the detection of more recent infection, igm anti-hav antibodies were analyzed. the study was performed in 1991 and 1992. according ... | 1995 | 8729753 |
| determination of the inactivation kinetics of hepatitis a virus in human plasma products using a simple tcid50 assay. | the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) associated with use of fviii concentrates has been reported in a number of european countries. all of these cases were associated with products inactivated by use of solvent detergent treatment. these reports have emphasized the necessity of evaluating virus inactivation methodologies for their ability to inactivate hav. such studies had previously been hampered by the difficulties associated with titration of hav, because of the minimal cytopathic eff ... | 1996 | 8732864 |
| enterically transmitted hepatitis in saudi arabia: an epidemiological study. | rates of exposure to two, enterically transmitted viruses, hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav), were investigated among the populations of two areas of saudi arabia: gizan (a rural area) and riyadh (an urban area, with relatively good sanitation). in riyadh, 24.7% and 1.2% of children were seropositive for hav and hev, respectively, by the age of 12 years. there was a sharp increase in exposure to hav between 13 and 20 years of age (to 63.5%) and most (80.0%) of the subjects aged ... | 1996 | 8762410 |
| [seroepidemiologic study of the prevalence of anti-hav antibodies in children in rome]. | the authors evaluated the incidence of infection by hepatitis a virus (hav) in a paediatric population through a seroepidemiological investigation in a group of 278 children (0-12 years old), apparently healthy. the determination of anti-hav antibodies was carried out by elisa-test. of the 287 examined sera, 27 cases turned out hav positive antibodies (9.7%), with the following distribution, according to the groups of age: 0-3 months: 2 of 6 children were positive (mother's antibodies); 3 months ... | 1996 | 8766776 |
| hepatitis a-vaccines: a comparison between three methods of antigen determination. | 1996 | 8785942 | |
| a virion concentration method for detection of human enteric viruses in oysters by pcr and oligoprobe hybridization. | this article reports the development of a method to purify and concentrate intact virions from oyster extracts to volume and quality compatible with viral genomic nucleic acid amplification by reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) and confirmation by oligonucleotide probe hybridization. fifty-gram oyster samples were processed by an adsorption-elution -precipitation method and then seeded with 10(1) to 10(5) pfu of poliovirus type 1 (pv1) or hepatitis a virus (hav). seeded viruses in oyster extract ... | 1996 | 8787405 |
| anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination: guidelines for an immunization strategy in italy. workshop consensus conference--rome, may 2-3, 1995. | 1996 | 8789832 | |
| hepatitis a: from epidemic jaundice to a vaccine-preventable disease. | hepatitis a probably causes an identifiable illness in less than 5% of individuals who are infected with the virus. nonetheless, it has been an important cause of morbidity throughout history. hepatitis a remains endemic in some developing nations, and cyclical epidemics still occur in developed nations, including the united states. because infections are less common in children in developed nations, the pattern of infection has shifted toward older age groups. this shift is a concern because th ... | 1996 | 8792141 |
| a novel cytopathic microtitre plate assay for hepatitis a virus and anti-hepatitis a neutralizing antibodies. | the slow growth of hepatitis a virus (hav) has made tissue culture assay for infectious virus difficult. strains of the virus of greater cytopathogenicity have been selected for use in plaque cytopathic assays. however, in our hands, this assay has been difficult to reproduce consistently due to problems in maintaining intact cell monolayers over the long incubations involved. this report describes the development of a cytopathic tcid50 assay for hav. from the results of repeated assay of one pr ... | 1996 | 8793842 |
| hepatitis a and vaccination. | 1994 | 8801857 | |
| hepatitis vaccines. | the past two decades have seen a series of breakthroughs in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of viral hepatitis. developed countries have an increasing number of adults who are susceptible to hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. the licensing of an effective hepatitis a vaccine presents new opportunities for prevention in persons at risk for hav infection. hepatitis b virus infection is an important cause of chronic liver disease throughout the world. although a hepatitis b vaccine has ... | 1996 | 8804380 |
| a community prevalence study of antibodies to hepatitis a and e in inner-city london. | the seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) was determined in a community-based sample in innercity london where socioeconomic conditions were expected to result in a high prevalence of antibodies to hav, and in which the presence of immigrants from the developing world pose a risk of imported infection of both hav and hev. the seroprevalence of anti-hav was 45.1% in uk born subjects and 69.7% in non-uk born subjects and each group showed differing pat ... | 1996 | 8818970 |
| prevalence of helicobacter pylori antibodies in normal children. | 1996 | 8822294 | |
| risk of infection with hepatitis a, b or c, cytomegalovirus, varicella or measles among child care providers. | employment as a child care provider has been suggested as an indication for hepatitis a virus (hav) immunization; however, whether this occupational group is at increased risk of hav infection is not well-defined. | 1996 | 8823851 |
| supplementary statement on hepatitis a prevention. | in a recent statement on the prevention of infections caused by hepatitis a virus (hav), naci described the usual indications for use of immune serum globulin (ig) and the newly available inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (havrix, smithkline beecham). subsequently, a more potent vaccine formulation was licensed, permitting a single dose primary immunization of adults. this supplementary statement addresses this development and comments on vaccine use in children. | 1996 | 8825660 |
| detection of human enteric viruses in oysters by in vivo and in vitro amplification of nucleic acids. | this study describes the detection of enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus in 31 naturally contaminated oyster specimens by nucleic acid amplification and oligonucleotide probing. viruses were extracted by adsorption-elution-precipitation from 50-g oyster samples harvested from an area receiving sewage effluent discharge. ninety percent of each extract was inoculated into primate kidney cell cultures for virus isolation and infectivity assay. viruses in the remaining 10% of oyster extract that wa ... | 1996 | 8837433 |
| identification of a surface glycoprotein on african green monkey kidney cells as a receptor for hepatitis a virus. | very little is known about the mechanism of cell entry of hepatitis a virus (hav), and the identification of cellular receptors for this picornavirus has been elusive. here we describe the molecular cloning of a cellular receptor for hav using protective monoclonal antibodies raised against susceptible african green monkey kidney (agmk) cells as probes. monoclonal antibodies 190/4, 235/4 and 263/6, which reacted against similar epitopes, specifically protected agmk cells against hav infection by ... | 1996 | 8861957 |
| hepatitis a transmission by factor ix concentrates. | factor ix concentrates unlike factor viii concentrates have not to date been associated with the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav). a retrospective study by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on a batch of factor ix concentrate used to treat two haemophilia b patients who developed jaundice and igm anti-hav antibodies within 50 days of factor ix administration in 1985 revealed the presence of hav rna. these findings indicate that factor ix concentrates can transmit hav and tha ... | 1996 | 8873425 |
| new hepatitis a vaccines and their role in prevention. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) accounts for 20 to 25% of clinically apparent hepatitis cases worldwide. it generally causes mild to moderately severe acute illness. the serological prevalence of this virus is high in underdeveloped countries where poor sanitary conditions facilitate the spread of the virus. the sentinel counties studies of the centers for disease control in the us have identified a number of factors associated with the acquisition of hav, including household members, homosexual men ... | 1996 | 8882375 |
| immune response to hepatitis a virus capsid proteins after infection. | this study was undertaken to determine the immune response of humans to viral capsid polypeptides of hepatitis a virus (hav) after natural infection, which is very important for vaccine development. antiviral capsids in 73 serum samples from patients with acute and chronic hav infections were analyzed by immunoblotting against individual hav capsid polypeptides (vp1, vp2, vp3, and vp4) by using a cell culture-based hav antigen. for reference, total anti-hav immunoglobulin g (igg) and anti-hav ig ... | 1996 | 8904442 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a new inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: a clinical trial with comparison of administration route. | a bicentre, controlled, randomized, open trial was carried out in order to compare the immunogenicity and the reactogenicity of pasteur merieux sérums et vaccins inactivated hepatitis a vaccine on adults, when used with different routes of administration [intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and needless injection using a jet injector device]. vaccines were given at two doses 6 months apart to 147 seronegative subjects. anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) titres were performed at each visit by mod ... | 1996 | 8911009 |
| the prevalence and direct costs of pre-immunization testing for hepatitis a in general practice. | two hundred and twenty patients in one general practice travelling to destinations where immunization against hepatitis a virus (hav) is recommended were tested for their hav immune status before immunization. age-specific prevalence of prior immunity to hav was estimated. the relative costs of pre-immunization testing and immediate immunization were compared. the most cost-effective testing method for this practice was found to be total population testing prior to immunization with hav vaccine. ... | 1996 | 8917876 |
| immunity to hepatitis a in paediatric and nursery nurses. | a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of immunity to the hepatitis a virus (hav) was undertaken in paediatric and nursery nurses to ascertain whether these occupational groups were at an increased risk of infection with the virus. seropositivity to hav was measured in 33 surgical (control), 36 paediatric, 55 nursery and 29 specialist paediatric nurses in a district general hospital, community clinics and a children's hospital in the west midlands. igg antibodies to hav were found in 27% of su ... | 1996 | 8918151 |
| haemolysis in hepatitis a virus infections coinciding with the occurrence of autoantibodies against triosephosphate isomerase and the reactivation of latent persistent epstein-barr virus infection. | haemolysis has been observed frequently as a complication of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. however, the pathogenic mechanism has not been elucidated completely. in individual cases the detection of anti-erythrocyte antibodies of unknown specificity was described. the raised serum igm fraction was shown to consist partially of autoantibodies. previously, we detected autoantibodies of immunoglobulin class m directed against triosephosphate isomerase (igm anti-tpi) in patients with infec ... | 1996 | 8923293 |
| [hepatitis a: clinical course and serology]. | 1995 | 8948769 | |
| [seroprevalence of viral hepatitis a in france in homosexuals and intravenous drug users]. | in industrialized countries with a high level of sanitation, immunity against hepatitis a (hva) is not acquired during childhood, and infection typically occurs in adults, mainly in travelers returning from developing countries where infection is endemic. however, the introduction of hepatitis a virus (hav) among certain population groups, such as intravenous drug users (ivdu) or homosexual men, leads to a significant increase in the disease. we conducted a retrospective analysis of seroprevalen ... | 1996 | 8949605 |
| chronic hepatitis a with persistent viral replication. | hepatitis a virus (hav) usually causes an acute self-limited illness. this report describes a patient with hepatitis a whose serum aminotransferase activities remained above normal and whose serum was persistently positive for immunoglobulin (ig) m class anti-hepatitis a 31 months after the onset of hepatitis. liver biopsy carried out 11 months after the onset of hepatitis showed histological changes consistent with chronic hepatitis of moderate severity. hav rna was detected by polymerase chain ... | 1996 | 8950689 |
| prevention of hepatitis a infections: guidelines for use of hepatitis a vaccine and immune globulin. american academy of pediatrics committee on infectious diseases. | the licensing of two inactivated hepatitis a vaccines for persons 2 years or older necessitates development of recommendations for pediatric use, as well as a review of the current indications for immune globulin (ig) in hepatitis a prophylaxis. both vaccines are immunogenic and protective in children and adults. a single dose of vaccine induced antibody in 88% to 96% of subjects by 2 weeks and 97% to 100% by 1 month, and protected against subsequent hepatitis a virus (hav) disease occurring 21 ... | 1996 | 8951284 |
| synthesis, lipophilic derivatization and interaction with liposomes of hav-vp3 (102-121) sequence by using spectroscopic techniques. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is composed mainly of three structural capsid proteins: vp1, vp2 and vp3. our group has reported the synthesis and the immunogenic evaluation of vp3 (110-121) peptide sequence. in the present work, in order to stimulate a t-cell immune response, we have selected the hav-vp3 (102-121) peptide which has maximum amphipathicity. its synthesis was carried out manually in the solid phase and semipreparative hplc was used for purification of the crude peptide. finally the purifi ... | 1996 | 8952449 |
| hepatitis a vaccination by intracutaneous low dose administration: a less expensive alternative. | we investigated the immune response to three different intracutaneous (i.c.) doses of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: 72, 144, and 216 elisa units (eu). the response was measured using a quotient score derived from a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (havab abbott) and translated to iu per liter using a world health organization standard serum for hepatitis a virus antibody. the results were compared with the results obtained after an intramuscular (i.m.) full dose, i.e. 1,440 eu, at ... | 1996 | 8953668 |
| [reactivity and immunogenicity of havrix 360 vaccine for hepatitis a]. | the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a new vaccine against viral hepatitis a, under the name havrix, manufactured by smithkline beecham biologicals, belgium, was studied. a single dose of 1 ml contains not less than 360 elisa units of inactivated hav, strain hm175, cultivated on human diploid cells. the vaccine has been applied intramuscularly to 80 second-grade primary school children under the 0, 1 and 6-month schedule. postvaccinal reactions were followed for three days after each applica ... | 1996 | 8965633 |
| [vaccination against hepatitis a]. | the epidemiology of hepatitis a, a disease endemic in various countries, is in a state of continuous change. adults are more exposed to infection and considering the frequent absence of immunity, in contrast to children in whom the disease is almost always asymptomatic, the disease is often serious and prolonged with a mortality of up to 2.5%. the mode of transmission of hav is predominantly the fecal-oral route; the virus is isolated during the prodromic period of the disease from the feces, bl ... | 1996 | 8966125 |
| new, ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay for detecting vaccine- and disease-induced hepatitis a virus-specific immunoglobulin g in saliva. | although detection of disease-induced hepatitis a virus (hav)-specific antibodies in saliva has been successfully utilized in a few epidemiological studies, available assays fail to detect lower salivary anti-hav levels associated with vaccine-induced immunity. we present a new capture enzyme immunoassay which employs a three-layer antibody recognition system. evaluation of paired saliva-serum specimens from 1,025 international travellers, 134 other volunteers, and 91 hepatitis a vaccine recipie ... | 1997 | 8968887 |
| immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined hepatitis a and b vaccine in young adults. | the aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined vaccine against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) in young healthy adults. a total of 150 subjects (20 +/- 1.4 years; 111 females and 39 males) negative for anti-hav, anti-hbs, anti-hbc and hbsag markers, were enrolled and randomized to received the study vaccine from one of the three lots under double blind conditions. three doses of the combined vaccine were administered by intramuscular r ... | 1996 | 8994314 |
| two year old hepatitis a vaccine is as good as new. | this was a randomized, controlled, double-blind study assessing the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of newly produced vs 2 year old hepatitis a vaccine. overall 215 non-immune volunteers, 18-39 years old were divided into four groups and administered vaccine at months 0, 1 and 6. three groups each received a different vaccine lot which had been stored at 4 degrees c for 2 years, and one group received recently produced vaccine as control. the mean local and general adverse reaction rates were ... | 1996 | 8994319 |
| hepatitis a vaccination by havrix in the czech u.n. troops according to data of seroprevalence in 1991-1995. | viral hepatitis a is a common disease, particularly in developing countries. all staff and troops of the u.n. (united nations) are vaccinated by the havrix vaccine. till 1995 we did not vaccinate czech troops which have operated in the area of former yugoslavia. the main goal of this study was to obtain data about the seroprevalence of hepatitis a antibody among the czech u.n. troops before their departure to the conflict area and to optimize the vaccination approach. the serum samples were exam ... | 1996 | 8996717 |
| prevention of hepatitis a through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) | this report provides recommendations for use of the newly licensed hepatitis a vaccines (havrix, manufactured by smithkline beecham biologicals, and vaqta, manufactured by merck & company, inc.) in persons > or = 2 years of age and updates previous recommendations for use of immune globulin (ig) for protection against hepatitis a (superseding mmwr 1990;39[no. rr-2]:1-5). for preexposure protection, hepatitis a vaccine can now be used instead of ig in many circumstances; for postexposure prophyla ... | 1996 | 9005304 |
| growth of hepatitis a virus in murine cells. | in order to investigate the growth of hepatitis a virus (hav) in murine cells, l929 cells of the established mouse cell line were transfected with the virion rna or infected with the virions and examined for the formation of negative-strand rna and the rise of the viral infectivity titer. in both the transfected and infected cells, the formation of negative-strand hav rna was assayed by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). in the transfected cells, infectious hav of an a ... | 1996 | 9014010 |
| acute viral hepatitis in hanoi, viet nam. | a study of acute hepatitis was conducted in hanoi, viet nam, from january 1993 to february 1995; 188 sera from clinical hepatitis cases were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin (ig) m anti-hepatitis a virus (hav), igm anti-hepatitis b core antigen (hbc), igg anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv), igg anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) and igm anti-hev. additionally, 187 sera from control subjects, matched by age, sex and month of admission, with no recent history of hepatitis, were ... | 1996 | 9015503 |
| [seroprevalence of hepatitis a in hemophiliacs]. | to study the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in haemophiliacs treated with factor viii/ix concentrates. | 1996 | 9026922 |
| the refined crystal structure of the 3c gene product from hepatitis a virus: specific proteinase activity and rna recognition. | the virally encoded 3c proteinases of picornaviruses process the polyprotein produced by the translation of polycistronic viral mrna. the x-ray crystallographic structure of a catalytically active mutant of the hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c proteinase (c24s) has been determined. crystals of this mutant of hav 3c are triclinic with unit cell dimensions a = 53.6 a, b = 53.5 a, c = 53.2 a, alpha = 99.1 degrees, beta = 129.0 degrees, and gamma = 103.3 degrees. there are two molecules of hav 3c in the u ... | 1997 | 9032381 |
| inactivation of hepatitis a virus in plasma products by vapor heating. | the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been associated with the use of a number of solvent/detergent-treated factor viii concentrates and possibly a factor ix concentrate. these reports have emphasized the necessity of using virus-inactivation methods for plasma products that are capable of inactivating nonenveloped viruses such as hav. | 1997 | 9051099 |
| hepatitis a. | 1997 | 9054826 | |
| in vitro rna binding of the hepatitis a virus proteinase 3c (hav 3cpro) to secondary structure elements within the 5' terminus of the hav genome. | the secondary structure elements at the 5' nontranslated region (ntr) of the picornaviral rnas can be divided functionally into two domains, one of which directs cap-independent translation, whereas the other is essential for viral rna replication. for the latter, the formation of an rna replication complex that involves particularly viral proteinase-containing polypeptides and cellular proteins has been shown (andino r, rieckhof ge, achacoso pl, baltimore d, 1993, embo j 12:3587-3598; xiang w e ... | 1997 | 9056766 |
| immunogenicity of two versus three injections of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in adults. | to investigate the immunogenicity of two versus three injections of inactivated strain cr326f-derived hepatitis a vaccine in healthy adults. | 1997 | 9059944 |
| identification of active-site residues in protease 3c of hepatitis a virus by site-directed mutagenesis. | picornavirus 3c proteases (3cpro) are cysteine proteases related by amino acid sequence to trypsin-like serine proteases. comparisons of 3cpro of hepatitis a virus (hav) to those of other picornaviruses have resulted in prediction of active-site residues: histidine at position 44 (h44), aspartic acid (d98), and cysteine (c172). to test whether these residues are key members of a putative catalytic triad, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was targeted to 3cpro in the context of natural polypep ... | 1997 | 9060667 |
| proteinase 3c-mediated processing of vp1-2a of two hepatitis a virus strains: in vivo evidence for cleavage at amino acid position 273/274 of vp1. | two prominent features distinguish hepatitis a virus (hav) from other members of the picornavirus family. a c-terminally prolonged precursor of the structural protein vp1 is incorporated into assembly intermediates (e.g., the provirion), and a single proteinase is contained within the hav polyprotein. using an in vivo expression system, we show that proteolytic liberation of vp1 from its precursors p1-2a and vp1-2a is catalyzed by the virus-encoded proteinase 3cpro. among the proposed cleavage s ... | 1997 | 9060697 |
| prophylaxis of acute viral hepatitis by immune serum globulin, hepatitis b vaccine, and health education: a sixteen year study of japan overseas cooperation volunteers. | from 1978 to 1993 a study of acute viral hepatitis contracted by the japan overseas cooperation volunteers (jocv) during their assignments in tropical and subtropical countries was conducted. of 10,509 subjects in this study, 240 cases of acute viral hepatitis were confirmed (hepatitis a = 139, hepatitis b = 72, and non-a, non-b hepatitis = 29). the annual morbidity was 5.1% in 1978 and 4.9% in 1979, with hepatitis a accounting for 80% of the cases. however, it decreased significantly after the ... | 1997 | 9063366 |
| virucidal treatment of blood protein products with uvc radiation. | the virus safety of blood derivatives continues to be of concern, especially with respect to nonenveloped and/or heat-stable viruses. previously, we demonstrated that treatment of whole plasma, ahf concentrate or fibrinogen with short wavelength ultraviolet light (uvc) results in the inactivation of > or = 10(6) infectious doses (id) of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), hepatitis a virus (hav) and porcine parvovirus (ppv), each of which is nonenveloped. protein recovery was enhanced greatly by ... | 1997 | 9077126 |
| magnetic immunoseparation pcr assay (mipa) for detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in american oyster (crassostrea virginica). | in order to detect the low numbers of hepatitis a viral (hav) particles which may potentially be present in food and cause a serious illness, an original procedure which combines immunomagnetic separation and pcr is described. the use of streptavidin magnetic beads coated with biotinylated human anti-hav igg allows virus capture and the removal of the rt-pcr inhibitory compounds which usually are present in shellfish extracts. following immunomagnetic capture, the separated hav were lysed, the b ... | 1997 | 9081302 |
| molecular epidemiology of south african strains of hepatitis a virus: 1982-1996. | isolates of hepatitis a virus (hav) are of a single serotype, with human isolates being categorised within four genotypes. in addition, there are three genotypes exclusively associated with old world monkeys. in some geographical regions, related isolates cluster suggesting endemic spread of the virus, while in other regions several genotypes circulate. virtually no data are available with regard to the genetic relatedness of south african (sa) strains of hav. a 177 base segment within the vp1 r ... | 1997 | 9093940 |
| reduced glutathione concentration in erythrocytes of patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis. | reduced glutathione (gsh), the main intracellular mechanism that protects against oxidative stress, is the subject of considerable interest in viral hepatitis. in patients with chronic hepatitis c, results reported from different centres are controversial, demonstrating either a reduction or an elevation of gsh concentration. the aim of this study was to evaluate the glutathione concentration in erythrocytes (normal range 2.45 +/- 0.15 mmol l-1) in patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis ... | 1997 | 9097271 |
| marrow transplantation for hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia: a follow-up of long-term survivors. | between 1971 and 1989 we have treated 19 patients with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia by marrow transplantation from their hla-identical siblings following conditioning with 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (cy) administered over a period of 4 days. one patient failed to engraft by day 34 and was given a second transplantation. he died from infection 15 days after the second transplantation. eighteen patients had sustained engraftment. six patients developed acute graft-vs.-host disease (gvhd) a ... | 1996 | 9118304 |
| childhood infection with hepatitis a and b viruses in england and wales. | infection with hepatitis b and a viruses during childhood was studied using serum specimens collected from children aged 13 and 14 years by 12 public health laboratories in england and wales from 1986 to 1995. six of the 2025 specimens tested for markers of hepatitis b infection showed evidence of earlier resolved infection, one specimen showed evidence of recent infection, and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was detected in three specimens. the hbsag carriage rate of 0.15% (3/2025) was cons ... | 1997 | 9127512 |
| identification of genetic variants of hepatitis a virus. | although detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been greatly aided by the development of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology, identification of genetic variants requires sequencing pcr products, which necessarily limits the length of the hav genome (typically 2%) that can be analyzed. from a regulatory standpoint, identification of the specific strain detected by pcr is a prerequisite not only to overrule contamination of test samples in the diagnostic laboratory, but also to possibly l ... | 1997 | 9128866 |
| [protection of adolescents against hepatitis a]. | in croatia, hepatitis a is still a considerable public health problem which, however, can be efficiently solved by vaccination. the study of vaccine immunogenicity and reactivity was performed in a random sample of 88 high school seniors, mean age 209 +/- 6.4 month (17 years and 5 months), from ivanić-grad and surrounding countyside. all the children were immunized by hav sorbate ssw inactivated vaccine, manufactured by sächsisches serumwerk gmbh, dresden. one 1-ml dose of the vaccine contains a ... | 1996 | 9132523 |
| long-term persistence of anti-hav antibodies following active immunization with hepatitis a vaccine. | seventy-one anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) negative volunteers were immunized against hepatitis a. an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (havrix, smithkline beecham), derived from tissue cell cultures, at single doses of 720 elisa units was used following a schedule of vaccinations at month 0.1 and 6. the vaccines were tested for the presence of hav antibodies 1 month after each vaccination and then after 2, 3, 4 and 5 years. the annual decrease of anti-hav titres was 25%. five years after vaccinatio ... | 1997 | 9141202 |
| clinical immunogenicity and tolerance studies of liquid vaccines delivered by jet-injector and a new single-use cartridge (imule): comparison with standard syringe injection. imule investigators group. | a new needleless jet-injector, mini-imojet, was developed that administers liquid vaccines from a single-use, pre-filled cartridge named imule, which avoids the risk of cross-contamination. we conducted clinical trials in several settings in france and west africa to compare the immunogenicity and tolerance of five vaccines (influenza vaccine, vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine, tetanus toxoid vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccine, and inactivated hepatitis a vaccine) ... | 1997 | 9141217 |
| the effect of immunization with inactivated hepatitis a vaccine on the clinical course of hiv-1 infection: 1-year follow-up. | to determine the long-term safety of inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine in men infected with hiv-1. | 1997 | 9143606 |
| does immunoglobulin interfere with the immunogenicity to pasteur mérieux inactivated hepatitis a vaccine? | the aim of this study was to compare the immunogenicity of pasteur mérieux (p.m. s.v.) inactivated hepatitis a vaccine when given alone with its immunogenicity when given in combination with immunoglobulin. | 1997 | 9148018 |
| aap develops guidelines for hepatitis a vaccine and immune globulin in children. american academy of pediatrics. | 1997 | 9166149 | |
| detection of hepatitis a virus rna in oyster meat. | detection of low concentrations of viruses in shellfish is possible with nucleic acid amplification by pcr. hepatitis a virus (hav) has been detected in oyster meat by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). we developed a method to identify hav rna by rt-pcr of total rna extracted from oyster meat contaminated by adsorption, bioaccumulation, or injection. with dot blot hybridization detection of amplicons from the rt-pcr, rapid screening of a large number of samples is feasible. as few as 8 pfu of ... | 1997 | 9172369 |
| inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: long-term antibody persistence. | during the clinical development of safe, well tolerated and immunogenic vaccines against hepatitis a the persistence of protective antibodies was estimated, based on relatively short observation periods of 18 months to 3 years. we report here on longterm persistence of antibodies in volunteers who participated in one of the early clinical trials on inactivated hepatitis a candidate vaccines. in a randomized trial three groups of altogether 110 healthy adults, initially hepatitis a virus (hav) se ... | 1997 | 9178459 |
| viral hepatitis in older adults. | the objective of this paper is to review the epidemiology, manifestations, therapy, and prevention of viral hepatitis in older people and to discuss issues of prevention and management. in developed countries a significant portion of the adult population is not immune to hepatitis a virus (hav). morbidity and mortality from hav infection increases with age. a safe and effective hepatitis a vaccine is available and health authorities should consider immunization early in life and for healthy adul ... | 1997 | 9180674 |
| [preparation and characteristics of cultured strains of hepatitis a virus from humans and monkeys]. | cultural strains of hepatitis a virus (hav) have been isolated from spontaneously infected macaca mulatta (hav-mm), papio hamadryas (hav-ph), african green monkeys cercopithecus aethiops (hav-ca), and patients (hav-h). the strains replicate in continuous cells lines agmk, 4647, vero, and frhk-4. agmk and 4647 cells are the most permissive at 32 degrees c. virus propagation was not associated with the cytopathic effect and could be detected by enzyme immunoassay (eia), immune electron microscopy ... | 1997 | 9182400 |
| size and conformational stability of the hepatitis a virus used to prepare vaqta, a highly purified inactivated vaccine. | a variety of biophysical techniques have been employed to examine the size and conformational integrity of highly purified hepatitis a virus (hav) in solution (purified hav particles are subsequently formalin-inactivated and adsorbed to aluminum salts for use as the vaccine vaqta). the size of hav particles was assessed by a combination of electron microscopy, sedimentation velocity, and dynamic light scattering. the effect of ionic strength and temperature on the overall conformational stabilit ... | 1997 | 9188048 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of hepatitis a virus protein 3a: effects on membrane interaction. | due to a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids, protein 3a of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been suggested to act as a membrane anchor or a carrier of the genome-linked protein 3b (vpg) during viral rna synthesis. mutagenesis analysis was performed in order to elucidate the role of the n- and c-terminal tracts of protein 3a in cell membrane interaction. expression of the mutated proteins in e. coli cells demonstrated that the presence of positively charged residues at the c-terminus is not required f ... | 1997 | 9188811 |