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effects of culture media on hydrophobicity and thermotolerance of bb and ma conidia, with description of a novel surfactant based hydrophobicity assay.hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungal conidia are made up of multi-aged groups given their chronological conidiogenesis. most thermotolerance assays have been conducted using mixed-age conidia. the present work exploited a polysiloxane polyether copolymer (siloxane) (silwet l-77®) mediated conidial collection method, validated by a hydrophobicity assay. this was done to divide mixed-age conidia into two groups based on hydrophobicity and test their thermotolerance, relying on the relationship of ...201020807540
the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana reduces instantaneous blood feeding in wild multi-insecticide-resistant culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in benin, west africa.abstract:201020843321
beauveria bassiana infection alters colony development and defensive secretions of the beetles tribolium castaneum and ulomoides dermestoides (coleoptera: tenebrionidae).we studied the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana strain gha on a) colony development of the beetles tribolium castaneum (herbst) and ulomoides dermestoides (fairmaire) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) under laboratory conditions; and 2) the volatile blend released by both beetles, containing defensive pheromones, by using the solid phase microextraction technique. colony development of both species was strongly altered 3 mo after treatment with b. bassiana, showing a significan ...201020857716
infection of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes with entomopathogenic fungi: effect of host age and blood-feeding status.physiological characteristics of insects can influence their susceptibility to fungal infection of which age and nutritional status are among the most important. an understanding of host-pathogen interaction with respect to these physiological characteristics of the host is essential if we are to develop fungal formulations capable of reducing malaria transmission under field conditions. here, two independent bioassays were conducted to study the effect of age and blood-feeding status on fungal ...201020872014
plant oils for improving thermotolerance of beauveria bassiana.conidia of beauveria bassiana arsef-7060 produced in millet amended with plant oils such as sunflower, corn, or cotton seed oil, were exposed to 45 degrees c of wet heat for 90 min. conidia from millet+corn oil medium had the highest thermotolerance (lt50 (median survival time): 45.7 min). the mycotized millet grains were coated with each of the same plant oils as a granular formulation and subjected to 50 degrees c of dry heat for 8 h. corn oil coating (lt50: 8.68 h) was superior to sunflower- ...201020890101
flexible metabolism in metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana: role of the glyoxylate cycle during insect pathogenesis.insect pathogenic fungi such as metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana have an increasing role in the control of agricultural insect pests and vectors of human diseases. many of the virulence factors are well studied but less is known of the metabolism of these fungi during the course of insect infection or saprobic growth. here, we assessed enzyme activity and gene expression in the central carbon metabolic pathway, including isocitrate dehydrogenase, aconitase, citrate synthase, malate ...201020929953
in vivo passages of heterologous beauveria bassiana isolates improve conidial surface properties and pathogenicity to nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae).in entomopathogenic hyphomycetes, desired candidates against the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (a sap-sucking rice pest in asia), are lacking. in this study, 21 beauveria bassiana isolates from heterologous host insects showed low pathogenicity to third-instar nymphs sprayed at the high concentration of ∼ 1000 conidia/mm(2), causing only 2-23% mortalities. of those, three isolates killed significantly more nymphs (up to 45-62%) after two in vivo passages but no more after further passage ...201020932842
the rhizosphere-competent entomopathogen metarhizium anisopliae expresses a specific subset of genes in plant root exudate.metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana are ubiquitous insect pathogens and possible plant symbionts, as some strains are endophytic or colonize the rhizosphere. we evaluated 11 strains of m. anisopliae and b. bassiana, and two soil saprophytes (the non-rhizospheric aspergillus niger and the rhizosphere-competent trichoderma harzianum) for their ability to germinate in bean root exudates (res). our results showed that some generalist strains of m. anisopliae were as good at germinating in ...201020947574
physiological effects upon amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) infected with beauveria bassiana (ascomycota: hypocreales).unfed adult amblyomma americanum were exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. ticks exposed to the fungus exhibited reduced survival and increased water loss as indicated by change in weight. treated ticks survived 7.2 ± 0.22 days (mean ± se) and controls survived 17.9 ± 0.73 days (p = 0.01; df = 57). at death, ticks exposed to the fungus had lost 25.2 ± 0.84% of their starting weight; control ticks had lost 14.1 ± 0.85% of their starting weight (p = 0.01; df = 96). water loss ...201020957415
microbial transformations of aryltetralone and aryltetralin lignans by cunninghamella echinulata and beauveria bassiana.microbiological transformation of the aryltetralone lignan (-)-8'-epi-aristoligone (1) with cunninghamella echinulata atcc 10028b afforded two known natural lignans, (-)-holostyligone (3) and (-)-arisantetralone (4). incubation of the aryltetralin lignan (-)-isogalbulin (2), obtained by chemical transformation of 1, with c. echinulata atcc 10028b afforded the known lignan aryltetralol (5) and seven new metabolites, (-)-8-hydroxyisogalbulin (6), (-)-7-methoxyisogalbulin (7), (-)-4'-o-demethyl-8-h ...201020961092
correlation of the aphicidal activity of beauveria bassiana sfb-205 supernatant with enzymes.the supernatant of beauveria bassiana sfb-205 reduced the population of cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, with a dosage-dependent manner, which allowed a quality control (qc) factor to be determined for the evaluation of the supernatant as the first step of a development. enzymes were assumed as possible qc factors based on 1) the comparable aphicidal activity of the supernatant protein pellet to the raw supernatant, 2) the supernatant-induced degradation of the insect cuticles, observed by t ...201020965068
potential synergistic effect of melia azedarach fruit extract and beauveria bassiana in the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in cattle infestations.the use of a concentrate emulsion of melia azedarach green fruits and a suspension of the fungus beauveria bassiana was evaluated in the control of rhipicephalus microplus on artificially infested cattle. the evaluation was conducted following the protocol established by the brazilian agriculture ministry. five groups of 4 or 5 animals were allocated to one of the following treatments: emulsion concentrate of m. azedarach at 0.25% (t azed 0.25%), emulsion concentrate of m. azedarach at 0.5% (t a ...201021055878
diversity of rhizosphere associated entomopathogenic fungi of perennial herbs, shrubs and coniferous trees.understanding habitat selection of fungal entomopathogens is critical to improve the efficacy, persistence and cost of these fungi as microbial insecticides. this study sought to determine the prevalence of metarhizium and beauveria spp. isolated from the rhizosphere of strawberry, blueberry, grape and christmas tree crops in the willamette valley of oregon. entomopathogenic fungi were assigned to thirteen species based on molecular phylogenetic criteria. four species of metarhizium were isolate ...201021056569
high-throughput insertion mutagenesis and functional screening in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana displays a broad insect host range and serves as a model for examining host-pathogen interactions. rapid construction and screening of random-insertion mutants of b. bassiana provides a powerful tool to dissect the molecular mechanisms of fungal virulence. liac/dmso treated b. bassiana blastospores were found to be highly competent to transformation using linear dna and a polyethylene glycol-based method. selection on cellophane-layered czapek-dox a ...201021059351
dietary stress increases the susceptibility of tribolium castaneum to beauveria bassiana.sanitation being an important component of chemical-free management of stored-products pests, the nutritional stress on insects that results from a clean environment may prove advantageous to the use of microbial controls. dietary stress by food deprivation or suboptimal diet increased susceptibility of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst), larvae to beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin. fungus-related mortality increased linearly with the number of days of food deprivation. rear ...201021061951
characterization of a thioredoxin (bbtrx) from the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana and its expression in response to thermal stress.a thioredoxin (bbtrx) was identified from the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. the cloned nucleotide sequence consisted of a 423-bp open reading frame encoding a 141-amino-acid thioredoxin, a 1011-bp 5' region, and a 419-bp 3' region. the deduced protein sequence of bbtrx, including a common 95-amino-acid conserved domain and a unique 46-amino-acid carboxy terminal region, was similar (≤38% identity) to that of other thioredoxins and phylogenetically closest to that from neurospora cr ...201021076484
carbon catabolite repressor gene bbcre1 influences carbon source uptake but does not have a big impact on virulence in beauveria bassiana.a gene (bbcre1, genbank accession number ef108309) encoding a carbon catabolite repressor (crea) with two cys(2)his(2) zinc finger regions and a nuclear localization signal was cloned from the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. overexpression and antisense strategies were used to investigate the biological functions of this gene. compared with the wild type, the conidial yield and colony growth of bbcre1-overexpression transformants were significantly decreased on the plates with xylose ...201021130770
permeabilization of beauveria bassiana blastospores for in situ enzymatic assays.vigorous agitation of an aqueous suspension of blastospores (bs) of beauveria bassiana mixed with nine volumes of a 1:4 (v/v) mixture of toluene:ethanol (95%) for 10 min permits blastospore permeabilization. agitation results in greater membrane permeabilization than heating blastospores in the presence of toluene:ethanol or the detergents triton x-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and brij-35. the β-galactosidase activity in permeabilized blastospores was determine ...200321149004
application of the beauveria bassiana strain for the enantioselective oxidation of the diethyl 1-hydroxy-1-phenylmethanephosphonate.biotransformation of diethyl 1-hydroxy-1-phenylmethanephosphonate using fungi beauveria bassiana allowed resolving the racemic mixture of the substrate and due to the biocatalyst and reaction conditions modifications, leading to desired optical isomer.201021161226
adulticidal and larvicidal activity of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae against housefly, musca domestica (diptera: muscidae), in laboratory and simulated field bioassays.the susceptibility of the adult and larval stage of housefly, musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae), to two entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sor. and beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill., was evaluated under laboratory and simulated field bioassays. bioassays on adult houseflies were carried out at different conidial concentrations ranging from 10(3) to 10(9) conidia/ml in petri plate and minichamber assays. absolute mortality was observed within 4-5 days at all the concent ...201021161273
preliminary study of genetic variation in hawaiian isolates of beauveria bassiana [hypocreales, cordycipitaceae].there have been no previous surveys documenting genetic diversity in beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin in hawaii. we used pcr primers and dna sequencing to genetically characterize 14 isolates of b. bassiana collected from insects in east hawaii island (the largest hawaiian island, known as the 'big island') and compared these with the 'gha' strain found in the commercial product botanigard®. twelve of the 14 hawaiian isolates were unique and the gha strain was not among those isolated from ...201021167170
field applications of entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae f52 (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) for the control of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae).two commercial formulations of beauveria bassiana (balsamo-crivelli) vuillemin were applied to residential sites in old lyme, ct, for the control of nymphs of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis, in 1999 and 2000. the pyrethroid bifenthrin was applied to other premises for comparison with b. bassiana. a wood chip barrier was installed and maintained at six of the treated properties. in 1999, control of i. scapularis nymphs ranged from 74.5 to 83.0% on lawns without wood chips and from 88.9 t ...201021175060
inhibition of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis by topical application of the butanol extract of cordyceps bassiana in nc/nga mice.ethnopharmacological significance: the cordyceps species are insect-borne mushrooms that have been ethnopharmacologically used for skin diseases such as eczema and dermatitis.201021184821
occupational exposure to microorganisms used as biocontrol agents in plant production.exposure to bioaerosols containing fungi and bacteria may cause various deleterious respiratory health effects. fungi and bacteria are commercially produced and applied to the environment as microbiological pest control agents (mpcas). attention has been drawn towards the exposure and health risks due to the use of commercially important mpcas. as part of a risk evaluation this paper intends to review whether the exposure to mpcas (beauveria bassiana, verticillium lecanii, trichoderma harzianum, ...201121196399
entomopathogenic fungus as a biological control for an important vector of livestock disease: the culicoides biting midge.the recent outbreak of bluetongue virus in northern europe has led to an urgent need to identify control measures for the culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) biting midges that transmit it. following successful use of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae against larval stages of biting midge culicoides nubeculosus meigen, we investigated the efficacy of this strain and other fungi (beauveria bassiana, isaria fumosorosea and lecanicillium longisporum) as biocontrol agents against ...201121264343
[selection of isolates of entomopathogenic fungi for controlling tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) and their compatibility with insecticides used in tomato crop].the activity of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana towards eggs and larvae of tuta absoluta (meyrick) was evaluated. our data showed that the isolates were pathogenic to both developmental stages tested and the eggs were more susceptible than the 1st instars. the isolates urpe-6 and urpe-19 of m. anisopliae were more pathogenic to eggs and larvae, respectively. the compatibility of these two isolates with the insecticides chlorfenapyr, spinosad, indoxacarb, abamectin, and neem were ev ...201021271067
microbial baeyer-villiger oxidation of steroidal ketones using beauveria bassiana: presence of an 11a-hydroxyl group essential to generation of d-homo lactones.this paper demonstrates for the first time transformation of a series of 17-oxo steroidal substrates (epiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione) by the most frequently used whole cell biocatalyst, beauveria bassiana, to 11a-hydroxy-17a-oxa-d-homo-androst-17-one products, in the following sequence of reactions: 11a-hydroxylation and subsequent baeyer-villiger oxidation to a ring-d lactone. 11a-hydroxyprogesterone, the product of the first stage of the progesterone metabolism, was f ...201121277994
first report of the infection of insecticide-resistant malaria vector mosquitoes with an entomopathogenic fungus under field conditions.insecticide-resistant mosquitoes are compromising the ability of current mosquito control tools to control malaria vectors. a proposed new approach for mosquito control is to use entomopathogenic fungi. these fungi have been shown to be lethal to both insecticide-susceptible and insecticide-resistant mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. the goal of this study was to see whether entomopathogenic fungi could be used to infect insecticide-resistant malaria vectors under field conditions, and to ...201121288359
beauveria bassiana characterization and efficacy vs. sunn pest, eurygaster integriceps puton (hemiptera:scutelleridae).the objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of sunn pest entomopathogenic fungi collected from wheat fields and overwintering sites in syria and characterize them under different temperature regimes. eleven isolates of beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuil. were included in this study: five were isolated from overwintered adults of sunn pest, eurygaster integriceps puton and six from nymphs and new adults in wheat fields. growth rate and conidial production were tested at 15, 20, 25, 30 ...201021313877
[genetic heterogeneity of beauveria bassiana population in pure masson's pine plantation].by the method of issr, the genetic heterogeneity of 111 beauveria bassiana isolates in a pure masson' s pine plantation in magu mountains of anhui province was analyzed. a total of 58 loci were obtained with 7 issr primers, 54 of which (93.10%) were polymorphic. for the isolates sampled at different time, their nei's gene diversity (he) was 0.2552, shannon's diversity index (i) was 0.3825, coefficient of gene differentiation (gst) was 0.2269, and gene flow nm was 0.8518. the genetic distance bet ...201021328953
development of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana formulations for control of malaria mosquito larvae.the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana have demonstrated effectiveness against anopheline larvae in the laboratory. however, utilising these fungi for the control of anopheline larvae under field conditions, relies on development of effective means of application as well as reducing their sensitivity to uv radiation, high temperatures and the inevitable contact with water. this study was conducted to develop formulations that facilitate the application of metarh ...201121342492
transmission of beauveria bassiana from male to female aedes aegypti mosquitoes.resistance to chemical insecticides plus high morbidity rates have lead to rising interest in fungi as candidates for biocontrol agents of mosquito vectors. in most studies fungal infections have been induced by exposure of mosquitoes to various surfaces treated with conidia. in the present study eight mexican strains of beauveria bassiana were assessed against aedes aegypti by direct exposure of females to 6 × 10(8) conidia ml (-1) on a filter paper, afterwards, the transmission of the least an ...201121352560
contribution of the gas1 gene of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana, encoding a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored beta-1,3-glucanosyltransferase, to conidial thermotolerance and virulence.beauveria bassiana is a mycoinsecticide alternative to chemicals for use in biological pest control. the fungus-insect interaction is also an emerging model system to examine unique aspects of the development, pathogenesis, and diversity of fungal lifestyles. the glycoside hydrolase 72 (gh72) family includes ß-1,3-glucanosyltransferases that are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored cell wall-modeling enzymes affecting fungal physiology. a putative b. bassiana gpi-anchored ß-1,3-glucanosyl ...201121357429
two hydrophobins are involved in fungal spore coat rodlet layer assembly and each play distinct roles in surface interactions, development and pathogenesis in the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana.the entomogenous filamentous fungus, beauveria bassiana expresses two hydrophobin genes, hyd1 and hyd2, hypothesized to be involved in cell surface hydrophobicity, adhesion, virulence, and to constitute the protective spore coat structure known as the rodlet layer. targeted gene inactivation of hyd1 resulted in seemingly 'bald' conidia that contained significantly altered surface fascicles or bundles. these cells displayed decreased spore hydrophobicity, loss of water mediated dispersal, changes ...201121375591
inhibition of cytokine expression by a butanol extract from cordyceps bassiana.cordyceps species have been known since long as a multi-utility ethnomedicinal herbal in korea, china and japan. it has been reported to exhibit a number of properties such as anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, antiinflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity effects. in a previously conducted study, we had demonstrated that the ethanol extract of cordyceps bassiana was able to suppress the production of interleukin (il)-12 and interferon (ifn)-gamma in macrophages and t lymphocytes. in this study, w ...201121391436
effects of combining microbial and chemical insecticides on mortality of the pecan weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae).the pecan weevil, curculio caryae (horn), is a key pest of pecan [carya illinoinensis (wangenh.) k. koch]. current control recommendations are based on chemical insecticide applications. microbial control agents such as the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) and the fungus beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin occur naturally in southeastern u.s. pecan orchards and have shown promise as alternative control agents for c. caryjae. conceivably, the chemical and microbial a ...201121404833
pathogenicity of metarhizium anisopliae (metch) sorok and beauveria bassiana (bals) vuill to adult phlebotomus duboscqi (neveu-lemaire) in the laboratory.biological control of sandflies using entomopathogenic fungi is a possible alternative to the expensive synthetic chemical control. it is potentially sustainable, less hazardous, and relatively inexpensive and merits further investigations. the objective of this study was to identify the most pathogenic fungal isolate(s) to sandflies in the laboratory.201121406735
survival of anopheline eggs and their susceptibility to infection with metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana under laboratory conditions.the viability of anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) eggs over time and the ovicidal activity of beauveria bassiana (ascomycota: cordycipitaceae) and metarhizium anisopliae (ascomycota: clavicipitaceae) were investigated. eggs were incubated in soil or leaf litter for up to 12 weeks at 26°c and 75%, 86% or >98% relative humidity (rh). eggs were treated topically with m. anisopliae icipe-30 or b. bassiana i93-825 conidia in either water or oil-in-water fo ...201121424402
the nf-kb like factor dif has weaker effects on drosophila melanogaster immune defenses than previously thought.the toll pathway of drosophila melanogaster, when activated by the beauveria bassiana fungus, directs the expression of the drosomycin and metchnikowin antimicrobial peptide genes by inducing the translocation into the nucleus of the dif transcription factor. accordingly, dif mutants have been reported to have a lower resistance to fungi than control flies. however, as the longevity of non-infected dif flies has not been measured in previous studies, it could be that survival times after infecti ...201121424695
generation of two new macrolactones through sequential biotransformation of dihydroresorcylide.biotransformation is an effective method to generate new derivatives from natural products. combination of various enzymes or whole-cell biocatalysts creates new opportunities for natural product biosynthesis. dihydroresorcylide (1) is a phytotoxic macrolactone from acremonium aeae. it was first chlorinated at c-11 by an engineered escherichia coli bl21-codonplus (de3)-ril/pjz54 strain that overexpresses a fungal flavin-dependent halogenase, and subsequently glycosylated at 12-oh by beauveria ba ...201121425679
beauveria bassiana: synergistic effect with acaricides against the tick hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (acari: ixodidae).owing to the need to combat the spread of chemical acaricide resistance in ticks, we evaluated the efficacy of a mixture of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana at17 and acaricides for the control of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum in china. a mixture of b. bassiana at17 at the concentration of 10(8)conidia/ml and the synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin at concentrations of 2500, 250, 25, 5, 2.5, 0.5 and 0.25ppm was tested in vitro. the germination capability, vegetative growth, conidia p ...201121440547
[population genetic structure of beauveria bassiana from south and southwest anhui sericultural regions: issr analysis].white muscardine caused by beauveria bassiana is an important factor affecting sericulture. in the present study, a total of 124 b. bassiana isolates were obtained from the silkworm cadavers, rearing rooms and appliances, surrounding mulberry orchards, pine plantations, and croplands in jingxian county of south anhui and qishan county of southwest anhui. together with the mass production strains, the isolates were analyzed for population genetic structure by issr markers to trace the origin and ...201021443015
avoidance of a generalist entomopathogenic fungus by the ladybird, coccinella septempunctata.fungal entomopathogens are ubiquitous within the environment and susceptible insects are predicted to be under strong selection pressure to detect and avoid virulent isolates. beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus with a wide host range including coccinellids. seven-spot ladybirds, coccinella septempunctata, overwinter predominantly in leaf litter and b. bassiana is one of their major mortality factors during winter in temperate regions. behavioural assays were conducted to assess the ...201121449938
a conidial protein (cp15) of beauveria bassiana contributes to the conidial tolerance of the entomopathogenic fungus to thermal and oxidative stresses.aerial conidia are central dispersing structures for most fungi and represent the infectious propagule for entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana, thus the active ingredients of commercial mycoinsecticides. although a number of formic-acid-extractable (fae) cell wall proteins from conidia have been characterized, the functions of many such proteins remain obscure. we report that a conidial fae protein, termed cp15, isolated from b. bassiana is related to fungal tolerance to thermal and oxida ...201121455593
development of fungal applications on netting substrates for malaria vector control.mosquito resistance to chemical insecticides is considered a serious threat for the sustainable use of contemporary malaria vector control methods. fungal entomopathogens show potential as alternative biological control agents against (insecticide-resistant) anophelines. this study was designed to test whether the fungus, beauveria bassiana, could be delivered to mosquitoes on netting materials that might be used in house screens, such as eave curtains. tests were conducted to determine effects ...201121485366
biological control of engorged female haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (acari: ixodidae) ticks with different chinese isolates of beauveria bassiana.seven isolates of the fungus beauveria bassiana (b.b) were assessed for their lethality against haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, a prevalent tick species in china. fourteen days after exposure to the isolates b.bat1, b.bat5, and b.bat7 (at 10(8) conidia ml(-1)), the mortality rate had reached 100%. the results indicated that these three b. bassiana isolates were highly virulent against the engorged female h. qinghaiensis ticks. the present study suggests that b. bassiana has potential for biocontrol ...201121509447
virulence of beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae and paecilomyces lilacinus to the engorged female hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum tick (acari: ixodidae).the tick is a common ectoparasite of livestock and humans, and is responsible for the transmission of pathogens among hosts. direct and indirect impacts of ticks include limiting the sustainable development of the animal husbandry industry and detrimental effects on human health. despite these negative effects, the main method of controlling ticks remains the application of chemical acaricides, which can lead to ambient pollution and the development of tick resistance to them. the biocontrol of ...201121511397
occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi from agricultural and natural ecosystems in saltillo, méxico, and their virulence towards thrips and whiteflies.abstract entomopathogenic fungi were collected from soil in four adjacent habitats (oak forest, agricultural soil, pine reforestation and chaparral habitat) in saltillo, méxico using the insect bait method with tenebrio molitor (l.) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) larvae as bait. overall, of the larvae exposed to soil, 171 (20%) hosted beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin (hypocreales: cordycipitaceae), 25 (3%) hosted metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) and ...201121521145
genetic analyses place most spanish isolates of beauveria bassiana in a molecular group with word-wide distribution.abstract: background: the entomopathogenic anamorphic fungus beauveria bassiana is currently used as a biocontrol agent (bca) of insects. fifty-seven beauveria bassiana isolates -53 from spain- were characterized, integrating group i intron insertion patterns at the 3'-end of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal gene (lsu rdna) and elongation factor 1-alpha (ef1-alpha) phylogenetic information, in order to assess the genetic structure and diversity of this spanish collection of b. bassiana. resul ...201121521527
effects of inbreeding on potential and realized immune responses in tenebrio molitor.summaryalthough numerous studies on vertebrates suggest that inbreeding reduces their resistance against parasites and pathogens, studies in insects have found contradictory evidence. in this study we tested the effect of 1 generation of brother-sister mating (inbreeding) on potential and realized immune responses and other life-history traits in tenebrio molitor. we found that inbreeding reduced adult mass, pre-adult survival and increased development time, suggesting that inbreeding reduced th ...201121524325
growth inhibition of beauveria bassiana by bacteria isolated from the cuticular surface of the corn leafhopper, dalbulus maidis and the planthopper, delphacodes kuscheli, two important vectors of maize pathogens.abstract the phytosanitary importance of the corn leafhopper, dalbulus maidis (de long and wolcott) (hemiptera: cicadellidae) and the planthopper, delphacodes kuscheli fennah (hemiptera: delphacidae) lies in their ability to transmit phloem-associated plant pathogens, mainly viruses and mollicutes, and to cause considerable mechanical damage to corn plants during feeding and oviposition. fungi, particularly some members of the ascomycota, are likely candidates for biocontrol agents against these ...201121529147
efficacy of beauveria bassiana against the red imported fire ant, solenopsis invicta (hymenoptera: formicidae), in taiwan.background: combining biological control and chemical control could be used for controlling red imported fire ant (rifa), solenopsis invicta, more effectively. beauveria bassiana f256, a local strain from taiwan, was evaluated for its efficacy in the control of s. invicta under both laboratory and field conditions. results: the efficacies of different doses of b. bassiana (bb) using direct application and bait formulation methods were compared. the number of rifa workers killed by the direct app ...201121538803
the pathogenicity of beauveria bassiana: what happens after an endophytic phase in plants?the banana weevil cosmopolites sordidus (germar) (coleoptera: curculionidae) is a serious constraint to banana (musa spp.) production throughout the world. the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin (ascomycota: hypocreales) offers a potential weevil management option, but conventional delivery mechanisms have limited its success. as an endophyte, however, b. bassiana can be efficiently delivered to banana planting materials for the potential management of c. sordidus. ho ...201021539245
nomuraea rileyi: a plausible fungi selectively controlling lepidopteron, paraponyx stratiotata l. damaging queen palm (livistona rotundifolia l.).queen palm (livistona rotundifolia) is cultivated extensively for both local and foreign ornamental markets with the desired characteristics of even and ever green, pest and disease free healthy palm and quality leaves. the root borer, paraponyx stratiotata (lepidoptera) is recently encountered on young palm roots and damaging them within. they emerged as a new pest on l. rotundifolia grown in all the area. different entomopathogens were evaluated and determined the potential of nomuroea rileyi ...201021539246
3β,11α-dihy-droxy-17a-oxa-d-homoandrost-5-en-17-one.the title compound, c(19)h(28)o(4), was prepared from dhea (dehydro-epiandrosterone) by its biotransformation using whole cells of the filamentous fungus beauveria bassiana. the asymmetric unit contains two mol-ecules. the lactone ring is trans-positioned to the neighboring six-membered ring. in the crystal structure, o-h⋯o hydrogen bonds form layers, which are linked to each other by o-h⋯o and c-h⋯o hydrogen bonds.201021588317
[isolation of beauveria bassiana in a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from a patient with bladder cancer.] 201121616161
microbial metabolism. part 12.fermentation of 4'-hydroxyflavanone (1) with fungal cultures, beauveria bassiana (atcc 13144 and atcc 7159) yielded 6,3',4'-trihydroxyflavanone (2), 3',4'-dihydroxyflavanone 6-o-β-d-4-methoxyglucopyranoside (3), 4'-hydroxyflavanone 3'-sulfate (4), 6,4'-dihydroxyflavanone 3'-sulfate (5) and 4'-hydroxyflavanone 6-o-β-d-4-methoxyglucopyranoside (7). b. bassiana (atcc 13144) and b. bassiana (atcc 7159) in addition, gave one more metabolite each, namely, flavanone 4'-o-β-d-4-methoxyglucopyranoside (6 ...201121628902
characterization of a newly discovered beauveria bassiana isolate to franklimiella occidentalis perganda, a non-native invasive species in china.in this study, a new virulent beauveria bassiana isolate (b. bassiana-cyt5) had been identified as a new member of the species b. bassiana. the b. bassiana-cyt5 isolate was compared with four other virulent b. bassiana isolates and found to be highly infectious and virulent against the franklimiella occidentalis perganda. the b. bassiana-cyt5 could approximately 93.08% mortality of f. occidentalis 6 days post inoculation in the concentration of 1×10(8)conidia/ml. the phylogenetic tree based on i ...201121632224
characterization of beauveria bassiana msw1 isolated from pine sawyers, monochamus saltuarius.monochamus saltuarius is a vector for pine wilt disease that causes enormous damage to native pine trees in korea. to develop a biological control method for this pine wilt disease vector, an entomopathogenic fungus was isolated from the cadaver of an adult m. saltuarius supporting fungal conidiation. this fungus was named msw1 and identified as beauveria bassiana by microscopic examination, pcr amplification using b. bassiana -specific primers and genetic sequencing of the its and ef1-α regions ...201121656803
differential gene expression in silkworm in response to beauveria bassiana infection.host-pathogen interactions are complex processes, and revealing these interactions is challenging. beauveria bassiana is a destructive pathogen to the economically beneficial silkworm, bombyx mori, but is also a good pathogenic material for investigating insect responses to fungal infection. for better understanding of the molecular regulation of immune response and the interactive mechanism between the silkworm and b. bassiana, suppression subtractive hybridization was employed to identify diff ...201121664260
nongenetic reprogramming of a fungal highly reducing polyketide synthase.the biosynthesis of the fungal metabolite tenellin from beauveria bassiana cbs110.25 was investigated in the presence of the epigenetic modifiers 5-azacytidine and suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid and under conditions where individual genes from the tenellin biosynthetic gene cluster were silenced. numerous new compounds were synthesized, indicating that the normal predominant biosynthesis of tenellin is just one outcome out of a diverse array of possible products. the structures of the products rev ...201121675761
The effects of dietary nickel on the detoxification enzymes, innate immunity and resistance to the fungus Beauveria bassiana in the larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella.In this study, we tested the effects of dietary nickel on the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), esterases, phenoloxidase, and encapsulation in the haemolymph of larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. We also explored the effects of dietary nickel on larval resistance to infection by the fungus Beauveria bassiana. Larvae fed a low dose of nickel (10++gg(-1)) had significantly higher GST, phenoloxidase activity and encapsulation responses than controls fed on a nickel-free ...201121676429
compatibility among entomopathogenic hyphocreales and two beneficial insects used to control trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleurodidae) in mediterranean greenhouses.the effect of the combined use of encarsia formosa or macrolophus caliginosus and one of three marketed mycoinsecticides, mycotal-« (leucanicillium muscarium-based), naturalis-lôäó (beauveria bassiana-based) and preferal-« (isaria fumosorosea-based), on the control of the whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum, was studied under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. the results of both types of tests, the bioassays and the greenhouse trials, for all combinations of e. formosa with each of the three ...201121679715
An intensive search for promising fungal biological control agents of ticks, particularly Rhipicephalus microplus.Entomopathogenic fungi have been investigated worldwide as promising biological control agents of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The current study evaluates the virulence of several fungal isolates to R. microplus larva in the laboratory as part of an effort to identify isolates with promise for effective biocontrol of R. microplus in the field. Sixty fungal isolates, encompassing 5 Beauveria spp. and 1 Engyodontium albus (=Beauveria alba), were included in this study. In addition to b ...201121705145
mass production of aphicidal beauveria bassiana sfb-205 supernatant with the parameter of chitinase.beauveria bassiana sfb-205 supernatant can effectively control cotton aphid populations, which is closely associated with its chitinase activity. the present work extends to optimizing a culture medium to produce more efficacious supernatant in flask conditions, followed by scale-up in 7 l, 300 l and 1.2 kl fermentors with the parameter of chitinase. in flask conditions, a combination of soluble starch and yeast extract produced the greatest amount of chitinase (5.1 units/ml) and its supernatant ...201121715967
susceptibility of the cactus weevil metamasius spinolae to beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae under laboratory and field conditions.aims:ôçé to evaluate different entomopathogenic fungal isolates against the cactus weevil metamasius spinolae under laboratory and field conditions, and select an isolate to be used as a tool in the management of this insect pest. methods and results:ôçé four experiments were carried out. the effect of temperature on the in vitro growth of eight isolates of entomopathogenic fungi (two metarhizium anisopliae and six beauveria bassiana) was assessed. the susceptibility of adult m.-áspinolae to the ...201121722279
cytotoxic activity of fungal metabolites from the pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana: an intraspecific evaluation of beauvericin production.the cyclohexadepsipeptide beauvericin (bea) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus beauveria bassiana (bals.). using elisa, different accessions of b. bassiana, belonging to distinct genetic groups, were analyzed to determine their variability in bea production. the cytotoxic effect of pure mycotoxins and crude extracts was also tested on insect cell lines sf-9 and sf-21. the results showed that bea production was significantly different between all strains. bb 9024 exhibited the highest levels ( ...201121761220
susceptibility of aphelinus certus to foliar-applied insecticides currently or potentially registered for soybean aphid control.background: soybean aphid, a serious economic pest of soybean in north america, is currently managed by applying non-selective foliar insecticides during outbreaks according to decision thresholds and crop maturity. natural enemies, such as the parasitoid aphelinus certus yasnosh, potentially play an important role in suppressing soybean aphid. using selective insecticides that preserve a. certus may enhance the biological control service they provide and thus prevent or reduce the severity of s ...201121770014
polymorphism of beauveria bassiana (deuteromycota: hyphomycetes) strains isolated from ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in moldova.polymorphism of 10 beauveria bassiana strains, isolated from ixodes ricinus in moldova, was evaluated using traditional (morphological and cultural properties) and molecular (rapd patterns and its sequences) methods. the isolates differed greatly in morphological and cultural features, such as color, consistence, and growth rate. four rapd-pcr markers were used to evaluate genetic diversity of the strains. phylogenetic neighbor-joining analysis of rapd patterns divided strains into 3 major clade ...201121771537
identification of the molecular origin and development of a panzootic caused by beauveria bassiana in praying mantis populations in eastern china.a panzootic in praying mantid species tenodera sinensis and statilia maculate, caused by beauveria bassiana, occurred in north, southwest and southeast regions of anhui province, eastern china in autumn, 2009. a 3-d principal component analysis (pca) of 123 isolates from three sites revealed that the b. bassiana populations were heterogeneous with obvious dominance. furthermore, the causal source of the panzootic in anhui was shown to be polyphyletic. the populations were homogenized into homoge ...201121782825
senescence of the cellular immune response in drosophila melanogaster.immune system effectiveness generally declines as animals age, compromising disease resistance. in drosophila, expression of a variety of immune-related genes elevates during ageing; however how this is linked to increasing pathogen susceptibility in older flies has remained unclear. we investigated whether changes in the drosophila cellular immune response might contribute to immunosenescence. experiments studied fly cohorts of different ages and compared the numbers and activity of the circula ...201121798332
[niche comparison of dominant entomopathogenic fungi in three forest ecosystems].an investigation was made on the quantitative composition, niche width, and niche overlap of dominant entomopathogenic fungi in three different forest ecosystems, i.e., natural broad-leaved forest, natural secondary broad-leaved forest, and pure masson' s pine plantation. in the three forest ecosystems, beauveria bassiana was the first dominant species in natural secondary broad-leaved forest, the second in pure masson's pine plantation, and the third in natural broad-leaved forest. b. bassiana ...201121812306
reduction in host-finding behaviour in fungus-infected mosquitoes is correlated with reduction in olfactory receptor neuron responsiveness.abstract: background: chemical insecticides against mosquitoes are a major component of malaria control worldwide. fungal entomopathogens formulated as biopesticides and applied as insecticide residual sprays could augment current control strategies and mitigate the evolution of resistance to chemical-based insecticides. methods: anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were exposed to beauveria bassiana or metarhizium acridum fungal spores and sub-lethal effects of exposure to fungal infection were studi ...201121812944
biochemical and molecular characterization of wild-type and fused protoplasts of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae.protoplasts were isolated from two isolates each of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae using lysing enzymes. intra- and intergeneric protoplast fusion has been carried out using 40% polyethylene glycol. the fused protoplasts of b. bassiana and m. anisopliae have been regenerated on czapek-dox agar media, and a total of four fusants were selected for further studies. an increase in proteinase and chitinase enzyme activity was recorded with all fusants as compared to the wild-type isola ...201121818611
structures of wall heterogalactomannans isolated from three genera of entomopathogenic fungi.o-linked heterogalactomannans with similar structural features have been purified from the fungal walls of the entomopathogenic fungi lecanicillium muscarium, beauveria bassiana, beauveriabrongniartii, and cordyceps sphingum. their composition and structure have been determined using acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nmr). all structures have an α-(1→6)-mannose backbone, but one of the two strai ...201121872183
lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors.rapidly emerging insecticide resistance is creating an urgent need for new active ingredients to control the adult mosquitoes that vector malaria. biopesticides based on the spores of entomopathogenic fungi have shown considerable promise by causing very substantial mortality within 7-14 days of exposure. this mortality will generate excellent malaria control if there is a high likelihood that mosquitoes contact fungi early in their adult lives. however, where contact rates are lower, as might r ...201121897846
Structure and expression of ß-1,3-glucan recognition proteins from the ghost moth, Thitarodes pui (Hepialidae), and their response to Beauveria bassiana infection.Beta-1,3-glucan recognition proteins (ßGRPs), as a class of pattern recognition receptors, are involved in activation of the immune response in invertebrates. We cloned two cDNAs encoding putative ßGRPs from larvae of Thitarodes pui, a host species of Ophiocordyceps sinensis with great economic importance in the Tibetan Plateau. The two putative ßGRPs were phylogenetically classified into a novel clade 4, and designated TpßGRP-4a and TpßGRP-4b, respectively, with calculated molecular masses of 5 ...201121910994
Selection of optimal reference genes for expression analysis in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana during development, under changing nutrient conditions, and after exposure to abiotic stresses.The selection of suitable reference genes is crucial for accurate quantification of gene expression. To identify suitable reference genes in Beauveria bassiana, the expression of 14 candidates (18S, 28S, ß-Tub, GAPD, ?-Act, TEF, HGPT, His3, His2A, TBP, CypA, CypB, PP1, and CrzA) was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction at different development stages and under various nutritional and stress conditions. Expression stability, as evaluated by the geNorm and NormFinder programs, reveal ...201121922424
Recombinant immunosuppressive protein from Pimpla hypochondrica venom (rVPr1) increases the susceptibility of Mamestra brassicae larvae to the fungal biological control agent, Beauveria bassiana.Although fungi are used to control a variety of insect pests, it is accepted that their usage could be increased if their efficacy was greater. The outcome of the interaction of a fungus and a pest insect may be influenced by a number of criteria, including the ability of the insect to mount effective immune responses against the pathogen. In view of this, we aimed to determine if a recombinant immunosuppressive wasp venom protein (rVPr1) can increase the susceptibility of larvae of the lepidopt ...201121948634
Cage and field assessments of Beauveria bassiana-based Mycoinsecticides for Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) control in cabbage.The efficiency of formulated Beauveria bassiana-based mycoinsecticides to control Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in cabbage was assessed under field conditions. Aqueous conidial suspensions (0.01% Tween 80 + 0.01% v/v Agral) of three fungal isolates were sprayed twice at different dates, each with 2.0 x 10(9) viable conidia per potted plant using screened cages. The number of nymphs and adults of M. persicae per leaf was significantly reduced in plots treated with isolates CG 864 and PL 63, with contro ...201121952964
fungal diversity associated to the olive moth, prays oleae bernard: a survey for potential entomopathogenic fungi.olive production is one of the main agricultural activities in portugal. in the region of trás-os-montes, this crop has been considerably affected by prays oleae. in order to evaluate the diversity of fungi on prays oleae population of trás-os-montes olive orchards, larvae and pupae of the three annual generations (phyllophagous, antophagous and carpophagous) were collected and evaluated for fungal growth on their surface. from the 3,828 larvae and pupae, a high percentage of individuals exhibit ...201121994034
Diversity of Beauveria spp. isolates from pollen beetles Meligethes aeneus in Switzerland.Pollen beetles Meligethes aeneus were collected in oilseed rape fields at different sites in Switzerland in spring 2004-2005 and 32 isolates of the fungal genus Beauveria occurring as latent infections in the beetles were obtained and molecularly characterized. Three major clades, Beauveria bassiana sensu stricto (Clade A: n=13), Beauveriabrongniartii (Clade B: n=1) and Beauveria Clade C (n=18) were identified among the isolates based on sequences of the ITS region and the 5' end of EF1-a. B. ba ...201222008375
Microbial production of phase I and phase II metabolites of midazolam.Midazolam, a potent benzodiazepine derivative and a typical substrate of CYP3A4/3A5, is essentially metabolized in human into 1'-hydroxymidazolam, then eliminated as the corresponding phase II metabolite, the 1'-O-ß-d-glucuronide derivative. A high yield alternative to the current multistep synthesis of 1'-hydroxymidazolam is described, using a biotransformation of midazolam by a fungal microorganism, Beauveria bassiana. The corresponding phase II metabolite, 1'-hydroxymidazolam-1' ...201122022919
Improving UV resistance and virulence of Beauveria bassiana by genetic engineering with an exogenous tyrosinase gene.Insect pathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana have been developed as environmentally friendly biocontrol agents against arthropod pests. However, restrictive environmental factors, including solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation frequently lead to inconsistent field performance. To improve resistance to UV damage, we used Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to engineer B. bassiana with an exogenous tyrosinase gene. The results showed that the mitotically stable transformants produced larger amoun ...201222024554
generating thermotolerant colonies by pairing beauveria bassiana isolates.low thermotolerance in entomopathogenic fungi is the main impediment to their industrialization. this research, for the first time, describes the generation of a thermotolerant colony by pairing and subculturing (cycling) two beauveria bassiana isolates without sexual reproduction. a mixture of b. bassiana erl1578 and erl1576 was inoculated on quarter-strength sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extract (¼sday). the paired culture (erl1578 + 1576) was cycled three times to increase the frequency ...201122092818
Primary roles of two dehydrogenases in the mannitol metabolism and multi-stress tolerance of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.Knockout and complement mutants of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (MPD) and mannitol dehydrogenase (MTD) were constructed to probe the roles of both enzymes in the mannitol metabolism and multi-stress tolerances of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Compared with wild-type and complement mutants, ?BbMPD lost 99.5% MPD activity for reducing fructose-6-phosphate to mannitol-1-phosphate while ?BbMTD lost 78.9% MTD activity for oxidizing mannitol to fructose. Consequently, mannitol cont ...201122118579
[effects of beauveria bassiana on myzus persicae and its two predaceous natural enemies].a beauveria bassiana strain bb21 was isolated from naturally infected green peach aphid myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae). the effects of the strain on m. persicae and its two predaceous natural enemies chrysoperla carnea (neuroptera: chrysopidae) and harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae) were investigated under laboratory conditions. bb21 had strong pathogenicity to m. persicae, with the ld50 of 97 conidia x mm(-2) (45-191, 95% confidence interval), but was less pathogenic to the se ...201122126056
Molecular characterization and gene expression of apolipophorin III from the ghost moth, Thitarodes pui (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae).Apolipophorin III (apoLp-III) functions in lipid transport and immune activation in insects. We cloned a cDNA encoding putative apoLp-III from larvae of Thitarodes pui, a host species of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, with great economic importance in the Tibetan Plateau. Excluding a putative signal peptide of the first 20 amino acid residues, the 171-residue mature apoLp-III has a calculated molecular mass of 18,606?Da. T. pui apoLp-III shares little sequence homologies (<36%) with other apoLp-IIIs. ...201122128070
the placement of south african strains of beauveria in a phylogeny inferred from rdna its1-5.8s-its2 sequences.this study aimed to confirm the identity of three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana from south african soils and to investigate their phylogenetic relationship with non-indigenous strains from other geographic regions. sequences of the rdna its1-5.8s-its2 region of 23 strains were compared with the genbank reference sequences of 20 other cosmopolitan strains. fitch parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses of the its1-5.8s-its2 regions resolved the strains into two distinct ...201122139455
Comparative Impact of Artificial Selection for Fungicide Resistance on Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum.Hypocreales fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium brunneum Petch can be negatively affected by fungicides thereby reducing their biocontrol potential. In a previous study, we demonstrated enhanced fungicide resistance in B. bassiana through artificial selection. However, it is not clear if the enhanced resistance was because of improved germination, vegetative growth, or both. Additionally, the enhanced fungicide resistance has only been demonstrated in B. bassian ...201122182612
Mould routine identification in the clinical laboratory by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.MALDI-TOF MS recently emerged as a valuable identification tool for bacteria and yeasts and revolutionized the daily clinical laboratory routine. But it has not been established for routine mould identification. This study aimed to validate a standardized procedure for MALDI-TOF MS-based mould identification in clinical laboratory.201122194834
the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana activate toll and jak-stat pathway-controlled effector genes and anti-dengue activity in aedes aegypti.here we investigated the effect of beauveria bassiana infection on the survival of aedesaegypti mosquitoes and the modulation of their susceptibility to dengue virus infection. application of b. bassiana caused a reduction in the life span of a. aegypti and hindered dengue virus replication in the mosquito midgut. fungus infection induced the expression a variety anti-microbial and dengue virus restriction factor genes. transient reverse genetic analyses showed that the jak-stat pathway is impli ...201122198333
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin increases the susceptibility of Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata to Beauveria bassiana infection.The spotted asparagus beetle, Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is one of the most devastating pests of asparagus in China. Sprayed synthetic pesticides have been used to control C. quatuordecimpunctata damage, but they pose problems because of residues and harm to natural enemies. Neither the microbial coleopteran-specific toxin from Bacillus thuringiensistenebrionis, Cry3Aa, nor the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana have sufficient activity to effectively control C. ...201122200644
susceptibility of different populations of ticks to entomopathogenic fungi.this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) and beauveria bassiana sensu lato (s.l.) on two distinct populations of rhipicephalus microplus, from two different experimental farms. bioassays were performed with engorged females, eggs and larvae. fungal infection was evaluated based on biological parameters of treated engorged females, percentage of hatch from treated eggs, and percentage of mortality and mean lethal time ...201122212684
virulence of select entomopathogenic fungi to the brown marmorated stink bug, halyomorpha halys (stål) (heteroptera: pentatomidae).the brown marmorated stink bug. halyomorpha halys, (bmsb) is an exotic pest causing damage to fruits and vegetables. they also transmit diseases. integrated pest management strategies are lacking for this invasive. for the first time, information is presented on the virulence of several entomopathogenic fungi against bmsb. three beauveria bassiana and two metarhizium anispoliae isolates were bioassayed against adult bmsb. one b. bassiana isolate was the active ingredient in botanigard(®) which ...201222223199
evaluation of organically acceptable insecticides as stand-alone treatments and in rotation for managing yellowmargined leaf beetle, microtheca ochroloma (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), in organic crucifer production.background: yellowmargined leaf beetle, microtheca ochroloma, is the most damaging pest of organic crucifer crops in the southern united states. experiments were conducted over four growing seasons (2007-2010) in alabama to evaluate some botanical and microbial insecticides approved by the organic materials review institute (omri) against m. ochroloma in organically grown crucifer crops. insecticides evaluated included pyganic(®) (pyrethrum), aza-direct(®) (azadiractin), entrust(®) (spinosad) ...201222231993
cellular immune reactions of the sunn pest, eurygaster integriceps, to the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana and its secondary metabolites.in this study, five morphological types of circulating hemocytes were recognized in the hemolymph of the adult sunn pest, eurygaster integriceps puton (hemiptera: scutelleridae), namely prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, adipohemocytes, and oenocytoids. the effects of the secondary metabolites of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana on cellular immune defenses of eurygaster integriceps were investigated. the results showed that the fungal secondary metabolites inhibited phagocy ...201122233481
pyrokinin β-neuropeptide affects necrophoretic behavior in fire ants (s. invicta), and expression of β-np in a mycoinsecticide increases its virulence.fire ants are one of the world's most damaging invasive pests, with few means for their effective control. although ecologically friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides such as the insecticidal fungus beauveria bassiana have been suggested for the control of fire ant populations, their use has been limited due to the low virulence of the fungus and the length of time it takes to kill its target. we present a means of increasing the virulence of the fungal agent by expressing a fire ant neur ...201222238569
susceptibility of two hymenopteran parasitoids of agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: buprestidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (ascomycota: hypocreales).emerald ash borer (eab), agrilus planipennis fairmaire, native to asia, is killing ash trees (fraxinus spp.) across 15 states and southeastern canada. integrated pest management using biological control is the only viable long-term approach for controlling the spread of eab outside of host resistance. three hymenopteran parasitoids, spathius agrili yang, tetrastichus planipennisi yang, and oobius agrili zhang and huang were discovered attacking eab in china and were approved for release in the u ...201222245471
additive contributions of two manganese-cored superoxide dismutases (mnsods) to antioxidation, uv tolerance and virulence of beauveria bassiana.the biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic fungi against arthropod pests depends on not only their virulence to target pests but tolerance to outdoor high temperature and solar uv irradiation. two beauveria bassiana superoxide dismutases (sods), bbsod2 and bbsod3, were characterized as cytosolic and mitochondrial manganese-cored isoenzymes (mnsods) dominating the total sod activity of the fungal entomopathogen under normal growth conditions. to probe their effects on the biocontrol potential o ...201222279579
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