Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| head lice. | 2004 | 15652106 | |
| method to measure force required to remove pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae) eggs from human hair. | head lice are very common and mainly affect children between 3 and 12 yr old. little is known about the way nits, the eggs of the head louse, are attached to the hair. in this report, an objective measurement procedure for the ease with which nits can be removed is presented. the first peak force, associated with the start of nit movement, and the average and maximal force during the sliding of the nit were measured. the three force variables correlated with the length of the cylinder by which t ... | 2005 | 15691015 |
| a non-chemical therapeutic modality for head lice. | 2005 | 15692498 | |
| a dermatologist's response to the american academy of pediatrics guidelines on head lice. | 2005 | 15696979 | |
| reliability of parental reports of head lice in their children. | 2005 | 15698361 | |
| pregnancy outcome following exposure to permethrin and use of teratogen information. | nix is a 1% permethrin creme rinse used for the treatment of head lice. there are no studies regarding human exposure during pregnancy. the primary objective of this study was to examine the safety of permethrin exposure during pregnancy. the secondary objective was to examine how teratogen information is perceived and used by women who requested information regarding this product. women who had called the motherisk and mothersafe programs to inquire about exposure to permethrin during pregnancy ... | 2005 | 15731987 |
| [prevalence and parasitism intensity by pediculus humanus capitis in six to eleven-year-old schoolchildren]. | the aim of this work was to determine head lice parasitism intensity by pediculus humanus capitis and its variation, according to both gender and age in 181 school children of a primary school. the intensity was higher among 6 to 8-year-old girls. pediculosis intensity diminishes significantly between 9 and 11 years of age in both sexes. | 2004 | 15765602 |
| drugs used in the treatment of pediculosis. | pediculosis is the result of infestation by one of two families of sucking lice. the pediculidae include the agents of head and body lice. pubic lice belong to the family pthiridae. pediculus humanus capitis (the head louse) and pediculus humanus humanus (the body louse) look identical. the two differ by the slightly larger size of the average body louse, as well as where they reside and deposit their eggs. head lice live in the scalp hair and deposit their ova on hair shafts. body lice live in ... | 2005 | 15776778 |
| factors associated with the rapid emergence of zoonotic bartonella infections. | within the last 15 years, several bacteria of the genus bartonella were recognized as zoonotic agents in humans and isolated from various mammalian reservoirs. based on either isolation of the bacterium or pcr testing, eight bartonella species or subspecies have been recognized as zoonotic agents, including b. henselae, b. elizabethae, b. grahamii, b. vinsonii subsp. arupensis, b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, b. grahamii, b. washoensis and more recently b. koehlerae. the present manuscript review ... | 2005 | 15845231 |
| nuvo lotion and the future of head-lice treatment. | 2005 | 15867085 | |
| excretion of living borrelia recurrentis in feces of infected human body lice. | louse-borne relapsing fever (lbrf), caused by borrelia recurrentis, is 1 of the most dangerous arthropod-borne diseases. infection is thought to occur through louse crushing. lice feces have not been shown to contain living borreliae. we infected 800 body lice by feeding them on a rabbit made spirochetemic by the injection of 2 x 106 borreliae. the life span of infected lice was not shortened. once infected, lice remained infected for life but did not transmit borreliae to their progeny or to nu ... | 2005 | 15871124 |
| [lice and lice-borne diseases in humans]. | among the three lice which parasite the human being, the human body louse, pediculus humanus humanus, is a vector of infectious diseases. it lives and multiplies in clothes and human infestation is associated with cold weather and a lack of hygiene. three pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by the body louse: 1) rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus of which the most recent outbreak (and the largest since world war ii) was observed during the civil war in burundi; 2) borrelia recur ... | 2005 | 15903070 |
| [ivermectin]. | initial clinical trials in 1980 showed that ivermectin was remarkably effective against onchocerca volvulus. some 25 years after more than 50 million people are treated annually with mectizan mainly within the framework of the african programme for onchocerciasis control (apoc). this success has been possible thanks to merck mectizan donation program and to distribution through a novel strategy based on the strong involvement of endemic communities. in the last few years mectizan has been used i ... | 2005 | 15903082 |
| [drugs for head lice. toxicology and actions]. | 2005 | 15912989 | |
| genotoxic effects of pentachlorophenol, lindane, transfluthrin, cyfluthrin, and natural pyrethrum on human mucosal cells of the inferior and middle nasal conchae. | animal experiments and epidemiological studies suggest that pentachlorophenol (pcp) and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) should be classified as possible human carcinogens. in the past, both have had a variety of applications in the civilian and military sectors and in forestry. they have, e.g., been used to impregnate and treat uniforms and other fabrics and to control human lice. animal experiments indicate that pcp in particular causes mutations and chromosome aberrations and thus dna da ... | 2005 | 15921213 |
| the head and body lice of humans are genetically distinct (insecta: phthiraptera, pediculidae): evidence from double infestations. | little is known about the population genetics of the louse infestations of humans. we used microsatellite dna to study 11 double infestations, that is, hosts infested with head lice and body lice simultaneously. we tested for population structure on a host, and for population structure among seven hosts that shared sleeping quarters. we also sought evidence of migration among louse populations. our results showed that: (i) the head and body lice on these individual hosts were two genetically dis ... | 2005 | 15931254 |
| treatment of head louse infestation with 4% dimeticone lotion: randomised controlled equivalence trial. | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4% dimeticone lotion for treatment of head louse infestation. | 2005 | 15951310 |
| increased monooxygenase activity associated with resistance to permethrin in pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae) from argentina. | we studied the profile of permethrin resistance in populations of head lice infesting children 6-12 yr old in schools and their homes in and around buenos aires, argentina. five permethrin-resistant populations with different levels of resistance were collected: hogar loyola (hl), republica de turquia (rt), hogar mitre (hm), guardia de honor (gh), and ricardo guiraldes (rg). one susceptible population, bandera argentina (ba), also was collected. their level of resistance was evaluated, and resul ... | 2005 | 15962785 |
| head lice: scientific assessment of the nit sheath with clinical ramifications and therapeutic options. | head lice, like many insects, produce a protective coating for their newly laid eggs that is essential to the survival of the species. knowledge of the composition of the sheath, which is the glue by which the egg is attached to human hair, and the nit laying process could lead to production of agents that could be used to attack louse infestations by interfering with the normally protected environment of nymph development within the egg. the physical removal of nits has become an important part ... | 2005 | 15965432 |
| shaving can be safer head lice treatment than insecticides. | 2005 | 15976435 | |
| head lice in children--a modern pandemic. | 2005 | 16010790 | |
| decreasing malathion application time for lice treatment reduces transdermal absorption. | head lice are the most common parasitic infestation in the united states requiring topical treatment with pediculicides. ovide, the 0.5% malathion formulation used in treatment of head lice requires placement on dry hair for 8-12 h. malathion, however, is effective at killing lice and nits in 10 min. our concern of over exposing children to malathion has led us to examine whether significantly more malathion will penetrate transdermally when applied for the recommended 8 h than for a shorter but ... | 2005 | 16023809 |
| epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in resource-poor communities in brazil. | pediculosis capitis and scabies are common parasitic skin diseases, especially in resource-poor communities, but data on epidemiology and morbidity are scanty. | 2005 | 16029341 |
| the prevalence of head lice infestation in school children in izmir, turkey. | 2005 | 16060882 | |
| single blind, randomised, comparative study of the bug buster kit and over the counter pediculicide treatments against head lice in the united kingdom. | to compare the effectiveness of the bug buster kit with a single treatment of over the counter pediculicides for eliminating head lice. | 2005 | 16085658 |
| combing and combating head lice. | 2005 | 16096290 | |
| shaving for head lice is unnecessary and distressing. | 2005 | 16096317 | |
| drugs for head lice. | 2005 | 16103867 | |
| multispacer typing of rickettsia prowazekii enabling epidemiological studies of epidemic typhus. | currently, there is no tool for typing rickettsia prowazekii, the causative agent of epidemic typhus, currently considered a potential bioterrorism agent, at the strain level. to test if the multispacer typing (mst) method could differentiate strains of r. prowazekii, we amplified and sequenced the 25 most variable intergenic spacers between the r. prowazekii and r. conorii genomes in five strains and 10 body louse amplicons of r. prowazekii from various geographic origins. two intergenic spacer ... | 2005 | 16145131 |
| prevalence of skin infections in sheltered homeless. | in an attempt to determine the prevalence of various skin infections in the homeless population in marseilles, france, we undertook a case control study. cases were recruited among institutionalized homeless subjects during two snapshot investigations conducted in january 2002 and 2003 respectively. the control subjects were recruited from among those who presented at a clinic for pre-travel advice. we recruited 498 cases and 200 control subjects. compared to control subjects, a significantly hi ... | 2005 | 16172049 |
| the importance of socio-economic status and individual characteristics on the prevalence of head lice in schoolchildren. | pediculosis is a common infestation in schoolchildren but little is known about the factors influencing its prevalence. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of head lice in schoolchildren in ghent and to investigate the independent association between individual characteristics of the child, socio-economic status (ses) of the family and head lice. the prevalence of head lice at baseline and 14 days after treatment advice was determined by the wet combing method in a total of 6,1 ... | 2005 | 16172050 |
| transmission ratio distortion in the human body louse, pediculus humanus (insecta: phthiraptera). | we studied inheritance at three microsatellite loci in eight f, and two f2 families of the body (clothes) louse of humans, pediculus humanus. the alleles of heterozygous female-parents were always inherited in a mendelian fashion in these families. alleles from heterozygous male-parents, however, were inherited in two different ways: (i) in a mendelian fashion and (ii) in a non-mendelian fashion, where males passed to their offspring only one of their two alleles, that is, 100% nonrandom transmi ... | 2006 | 16175192 |
| interesting case: cervical lymphadenopathy, induced by head lice. | 2005 | 16183181 | |
| ovicidal and adulticidal activities of cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil compounds and related compounds against pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculicidae). | the toxicity of cinnamon, cinnamomum zeylanicum, bark essential oil compounds against eggs and adult females of human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis, was examined using direct contact and vapour phase toxicity bioassays and compared with the lethal activity of their related compounds, benzyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl acetate, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde, as well as two widely used pediculicides, d-phenothrin and pyrethrum. in a filter-paper contact toxicity bioassay w ... | 2005 | 16188263 |
| transmission potential of the human head louse, pediculus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae). | millions of people are infested by head lice every year. however, louse transfer between hosts is not well-understood. our goals were to determine: (1) which stages were most likely to disperse and why, (2) the likelihood of fomites transmission, and (3) if host blood gender affects louse development. | 2005 | 16207180 |
| serine proteinases of the human body louse (pediculus humanus): sequence characterization and expression patterns. | after the previous characterization of one trypsin gene (try1) of the human body louse pediculus humanus, genes encoding a second trypsin (try2) and a chymotrypsin (chy1) have been cloned using degenerate serine proteinase primers and 5'- and 3'-race, and sequenced. the deduced 259 and 267 amino acid sequences of try2 and chy1 show an identity of 33%-40% to trypsinogens and chymotrypsinogens of other insects. considering previously published partial sequences, p. humanus possesses at least one t ... | 2005 | 16211415 |
| effectiveness of ovide against malathion-resistant head lice. | 2005 | 16230576 | |
| unravelling the evolution of the head lice and body lice of humans. | recent studies of mitochondrial genes of the head and body lice of humans indicate that present-day lice comprise two lineages that diverged before the evolution of modern humans. to test if this was a locus-specific phenomenon, we studied two nuclear genes, elongation factor-1alpha (ef-1alpha) and small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna). our ssu rrna phylogeny was concordant with the phylogenies from mitochondrial genes, but the ef-1alpha phylogeny was not concordant either with the mitochondria ... | 2005 | 16249911 |
| [head lice and crab lice]. | 2005 | 16262119 | |
| cetaphil cleanser (nuvo lotion) cures head lice. | 2005 | 16322200 | |
| evidence for louse-transmitted diseases in soldiers of napoleon's grand army in vilnius. | many soldiers in napoleon's grand army died of infectious diseases during its retreat from russia. because soldiers were commonly infested with body lice, it has been speculated that louse-borne infectious diseases, such as epidemic typhus (caused by rickettsia prowazekii), were common. | 2006 | 16323139 |
| correlated evolution of host and parasite body size: tests of harrison's rule using birds and lice. | large-bodied species of hosts often harbor large-bodied parasites, a pattern known as harrison's rule. harrison's rule has been documented for a variety of animal parasites and herbivorous insects, yet the adaptive basis of the body-size correlation is poorly understood. we used phylogenetically independent methods to test for harrison's rule across a large assemblage of bird lice (insecta: phthiraptera). the analysis revealed a significant relationship between louse and host size, despite consi ... | 2005 | 16329244 |
| efficacy of machine laundering to eradicate head lice: recommendations to decontaminate washable clothes, linens, and fomites. | the efficacy of machine laundering to eradicate head lice should be determined. viable lice and nits were machine laundered using 3 washing programs (with water temperatures of 40 degrees c, 50 degrees c, and 60 degrees c), with and without detergent, and the results were compared with results for control lice and nits. a drying program was also used. either washing done with a water temperature of at least 50 degrees c or drying is necessary to kill head lice and nits. | 2006 | 16355323 |
| identification of sodium channel mutations in human head louse (anoplura: pediculidae) from denmark. | the presence of the two mutations t9291-l932f in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene associated with permethrin resistance (kdr-like) was shown in head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer, populations in denmark. the existence of one susceptible and one t929i-l932f haplotype based on the limited single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) of these sequences was established. one louse had an snp causing a g943a substitution in the trans-membrane segment five of domain ii on the sodium channel ... | 2005 | 16363167 |
| safety and efficacy of pediculicides for head lice. | head lice infestation is a common and growing problem, primarily affecting school-aged children. there are growing numbers of treatment failures due to the emergence of treatment-resistant lice to the popular over-the-counter products that have been used for the past several decades. resistance has also decreased the efficacy of lindane, a prescription pediculicide that has been commonly used for several generations. malathion, recently reintroduced in the us as a prescription pediculicide, has ... | 2006 | 16370965 |
| oral ivermectin in the treatment of body lice. | the mainstays of treatment of body-louse infestation in humans in a community setting are insecticides and the removal of infested clothing. we report here the dramatic effect that 3 doses of oral ivermectin (12 mg each), administered at 7-day intervals, have in reducing the total number of body lice in a cohort of homeless men from a shelter in marseilles, france. we identified a baseline total of 1898 lice in the cohort. over a 14-day period, this number fell to 6 lice; the prevalence of infes ... | 2006 | 16388498 |
| ivermectin: pharmacology and application in dermatology. | ivermectin is a synthetic derivative of the antiparasitic class of compounds known as avermectins. it is a macrolide endectocide with activity against both endoparasites with cutaneous tropism (strongyloides stercoralis, ancylostoma braziliense, cochliomyia hominivorax, dermatobia hominis, filaria bancrofti, wucheria malayi, onchocerca volvulus, loa-loa) and ectoparasites such as sarcoptes scabies, pediculus humanus, demodex folliculorum, and cheyletiella sp. ivermectin is of great interest in t ... | 2005 | 16409259 |
| comparative genomics of multidrug resistance in acinetobacter baumannii. | acinetobacter baumannii is a species of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria commonly found in water and soil. this organism was susceptible to most antibiotics in the 1970s. it has now become a major cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide due to its remarkable propensity to rapidly acquire resistance determinants to a wide range of antibacterial agents. here we use a comparative genomic approach to identify the complete repertoire of resistance genes exhibited by the multidrug-resist ... | 2006 | 16415984 |
| first molecular evidence of bartonella quintana in pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae), collected from nepalese children. | trench fever is a body louse-borne disease caused by bartonella quintana brenner. the recent status of louse infestation in nepalese children is not well known. we collected head and body lice, pediculus humanus capitis de geer and pediculus humanus humanus l., respectively, from 30 children, including 11 cases of double infestation with both head and body lice. detection of b. quintana in both louse species identified was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pcr products with b. quin ... | 2006 | 16506456 |
| treatment of pediculosis capitis infested children with 1% permethrin shampoo in turkey. | pediculosis capitis (head lice) is an infestation that affects many children. although, there are a number of different treatment modalities, at the present study, we investigated the efficacy of permethrin in the treatment of pediculosis capitis in children. this study was carried out in 3 village primary schools in the kayseri region involving 185 of 712 school children infested with pediculus humanus capitis during a survey conducted in march 2001. it was found that 173 (97.29%) of the 178 st ... | 2005 | 16523649 |
| "special" formula for head lice treatment--not so special, after all. | 2006 | 16526108 | |
| a new shampoo based on neem (azadirachta indica) is highly effective against head lice in vitro. | because topical compounds based on insecticidal chemicals are the mainstay of head lice treatment, but resistance is increasing, alternatives, such as herbs and oils are being sold to treat head lice. to test a commercial shampoo based on seed extract of azadirachta indica (neem tree) for its in vitro effect, head lice (n=17) were collected from school children in australia and immersed in wash-away louse shampoo (alpha-biocare gmbh, germany). vitality was evaluated for more than 3 h by examinat ... | 2006 | 16568334 |
| experimentally infected human body lice (pediculus humanus humanus) as vectors of rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsia conorii in a rabbit model. | the human body louse, the natural vector of rickettsia prowazekii, is able to experimentally transmit the normally flea-borne rickettsia r. typhi, suggesting that the relationships between the body louse and rickettsiae are not specific. we used our experimental infection model to test the ability of body lice to transmit two prevalent tick-borne rickettsiae. each of two rabbits was made bacteremic by injecting intravenously 2 x 10(6) plaque-forming units of either r. rickettsii or r. conorii. f ... | 2006 | 16606977 |
| experimental infection of human body lice with acinetobacter baumannii. | the human body louse is currently recognized as a vector of rickettsia prowazekii, borrelia recurrentis, and bartonella quintana. previous studies have reported the isolation of acinetobacter baumannii from the body lice of homeless patients. to study how the body louse acquires a. baumannii, we infected a rabbit by infusing 2 x 10(6) colony-forming units of the louse strain of a. baumannii. two hundred body lice were infected by feeding on the bacteremic rabbit and compared with 200 uninfected ... | 2006 | 16606978 |
| head lice. | 2005 | 16620480 | |
| use and storage of domestic pesticides in the uk. | several epidemiological studies, particularly from the united states, have suggested health concerns may arise from the chronic exposure of young children to pesticides in their home environment. most of these studies are retrospective and the available pesticide exposure information is either subject to the problem of recall or derived from surrogate information. currently, little is known about the extent of pesticide use in homes and gardens in the uk. this was investigated in this study usin ... | 2006 | 16697439 |
| the fumigant and repellent activity of aliphatic lactones against pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae). | new alternative insecticides are necessary for the chemical control of head lice. in this study the fumigant knockdown time 50% (kt50) and repellency index (ri) of three aliphatic lactones was compared with two essential oils and ddvp, against permethrin-resistance pediculus humanus capitis from argentina. in the fumigant assay, none of the lactones were effective compared to the highest activity of eucalyptus (kt50 15.53 m). in the repellency test, the three lactones were equally or more effect ... | 2006 | 16699710 |
| quantification of blood intake of the head louse: pediculus humanus capitis. | although head lice, pediculus humanus capitis, are globally prevalent blood-sucking ectoparasites, the amount of blood imbibed by head lice has not been determined. this study investigated this parameter, as regular loss of a small quantity of blood may lead to an iron deficiency and anaemia. adult female lice (66), adult males (46), and nymphs (152) were weighed before and after feeding in groups of 17-109 lice. the average amounts of blood imbibed at a single feed were: adult female louse (0.0 ... | 2006 | 16700788 |
| lethality of essential oil constituents towards the human louse, pediculus humanus, and its eggs. | essential oils have been widely used in traditional medicine for the eradication of lice, including head lice, but due to the variability of their constitution the effects may not be reproducible. in an attempt to assess the contribution of their component monoterpenoids, a range of common individual compounds were tested in in vitro toxicity model against both human lice (pediculus humanus, an accepted model of head lice lethality) and their eggs, at different concentrations. no detailed study ... | 2006 | 16707234 |
| environmental signals generate a differential and coordinated expression of the heme receptor gene family of bartonella quintana. | of all bacteria, bartonella quintana has the highest reported in vitro hemin requirement, yet an explanation for this remains elusive. to produce diseases such as trench fever, endocarditis, and bacillary angiomatosis, b. quintana must survive and replicate in the disparate environments of the pediculus humanus corporis (body louse) gut and the human vasculature. we previously identified a five-member family of hemin binding proteins (hbps) synthesized by b. quintana that bind hemin on the outer ... | 2006 | 16714552 |
| head louse infestations in gaza governorates. | in total, 2,408 primary school girls (6-14 yr old) in two districts within the gaza governorate were examined for the presence of head lice, pediculus humanus capitis de geer. the localities chosen for the study were the old gaza city and the rural village jabalia. the rate of infestation with lice was 14.1%, and an additional 35% of girls had nits (eggs) only. the prevalence of louse infestation was high among the 6-12-yr-old girls. a sharp decline in infestation was observed after 12 yr of age ... | 2006 | 16739408 |
| survey of permethrin and malathion resistance in human head lice populations from denmark. | head lice, pediculis capitis de geer, populations were investigated for permethrin and malathion resistance after initial establishment of a discriminating dose of topical application bioassay with body lice, pediculus humanus l. for both insecticides, approximately 2 times the lethal dose (ld)95 at 4 h was selected, 2 ng of permethrin and 100 ng of malathion per head louse, respectively. head lice were collected from heads of infested children in denmark at 33 primary schools, one kindergarten, ... | 2006 | 16739412 |
| permethrin-resistant head lice (anoplura: pediculidae) in argentina are susceptible to spinosad. | the insecticidal activity of spinosad was evaluated against susceptible and permethrin-resistant human lice. in a permethrin-susceptible strain of the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus l. (anoplura: pediculidae), the toxicity of spinosad was similar to that established for permethrin, with an ld50 value of 1.2 ng/insect and 2.4 ng/insect, respectively. topical application of spinosad to populations of permethrin-resistant head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae), ... | 2006 | 16739427 |
| surveillance of insecticide resistance in head lice using biochemical and molecular methods. | treatment of head louse infection is primarily through topical insecticides. however, there is growing evidence of resistance. a representative population sample was tested using biochemical and molecular methods; it was shown that, in wales, treatments containing pyrethroids are likely to be less effective in controlling head louse infection than those containing organophosphates. | 2006 | 16774979 |
| new developments in the treatment of head lice. | 2006 | 16845818 | |
| embryonic development of human lice: rearing conditions and susceptibility to spinosad. | the embryonic development of human lice was evaluated according to the changes in the morphology of the embryo observed through the transparent chorion. based on ocular and appendage development, three stages of embryogenesis were established: early, medium, and late. influence of temperature and relative humidity (rh) on the laboratory rearing of pediculus humanus capitis eggs was assessed. the optimal ranges for temperature and rh were 27-31 degrees c and 45-75%. the susceptibility of head [co ... | 2006 | 16862318 |
| use of temperature and water immersion to control the human body louse (anoplura: pediculidae). | physical methods such as high and low temperatures were used in the past for the control of human body louse, pediculus humanus humanus l. (anoplura: pediculidae). in the current study, the minimum time necessary to kill all lice after exposing them to temperatures other than those described in the literature, the mortality of lice after immersing them in water, and the survival of lice whose legs were amputated were studied. all lice died after 6 d at 6 degrees c, after 11 d at 24 degrees c, an ... | 2006 | 16892630 |
| [pediculosis in rural schools of lublin province]. | the aim of the work was to study the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among schoolchildren in rural areas of lublin province in eastern poland and to examine its correlation with socio-economic conditions. a group of 42759 schoolchildren aged between 6 and 15 years from 52 rural primary schools were examined. the level of unemployment, number of physicians and number of nurses per 10000 inhabitants were examined in the area of experiment. we achieved the following results: a total of 682 childr ... | 2001 | 16894747 |
| efficacy of neem seed extract shampoo on head lice of naturally infected humans in egypt. | sixty heavily lice-infested male and female children (4-15 years) were selected and subjected to the treatment with a neem seed extract shampoo. twenty to thirty milliliter of the shampoo were thoroughly mixed with completely wet hair and rubbed in to reach the skin of the scalp. after 5, 10, 15 and 30 min, the shampoo was washed out and the hair basically combed. head lice were collected and examined. the neem seed extract shampoo proved to be highly effective against all stages of head lice. n ... | 2007 | 16900389 |
| [the in vivo pediculicidal efficac of prioderm cream shampoo formulation]. | head louse infestations are prevalent worldwide. over the past 20-25 years, 15-20% of all children in israel between 4 and 13 years of age have been infested with head lice. this is mainly due to the existence of ineffective pediculicides on the market. | 2006 | 16900731 |
| head louse infestations: the "no nit" policy and its consequences. | health authorities in the usa, canada and australia recommend a "no nit" policy, i.e. the immediate dismissal of all children who have head lice, eggs and/or nits on their hair from school, camp or child-care settings. these children would be readmitted to the institution only when all head lice, eggs and nits have been removed. the "no nit" policy assumes that all nits seen when examining the scalp are viable and therefore the infested individual should be treated for lice, and all nits must be ... | 2006 | 16911370 |
| symbiotic bacteria associated with stomach discs of human lice. | the symbiotic bacteria associated with the stomach disc, a large aggregate of bacteriocytes on the ventral side of the midgut, of human body and head lice were characterized. molecular phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the symbionts formed a distinct and well-defined clade in the gammaproteobacteria. the sequences exhibited at-biased nucleotide composition and accelerated molecular evolution. in situ hybridization revealed that in nymphs and adult males, the symbiont w ... | 2006 | 16950915 |
| [pediatric head lice: taxonomy, incidence, resistance, delousing]. | based on the current knowledge, head louse (pediculus capitis) and body louse (pediculus humanus) are two different species that infest specific parts of the human body and do not interbreed in vivo. in 1991-2002, 6 257 cases of pediculosis were reported in the czech republic while 3 138 000 pediculicide packagings, i.e. about 500 times as many as the number of cases, were marketed. between october 2004 and february 2005, a total of 531 children aged between 6 and 15 years from 16 selected schoo ... | 2006 | 16970075 |
| allergy due to head lice (pediculus humanus capitis). | 2006 | 17002719 | |
| wash resistance and bioefficacy of olyset net--a long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito net against malaria vectors and nontarget household pests. | during recent years, long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) have been developed to overcome the problems of low retreatment rates, washing, and erratic dose of the insecticide resulting in the dilution of efficacy of the conventional insecticide-treated mosquito nets. these nets are treated at factory level with insecticide either incorporated into or coated around fibers. olyset net, a polyethylene net with 2% permethrin incorporated within fibers, is one type of llin. therefore, these n ... | 2006 | 17017224 |
| fumigant and repellent properties of essential oils and component compounds against permethrin-resistant pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae) from argentina. | the repeated use of permethrin and other insecticides for the control of head lice, pediculus humanus capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae), during past decades has resulted in the development of marked levels of resistance. thus, new alternative insecticides are needed for the control of head lice. we studied the fumigant and repellent properties of essential oils from 16 native and exotic plants in argentina, and 21 chemical components against permethrin-resistant head lice from argentina. w ... | 2006 | 17017225 |
| cutaneous parasites. | recent developments in leishmanial research include better survey procedures to determine risk factors in the community. community-based scabies control is seen as the only way to reduce the morbidity caused by this infection in developing countries. the diagnosis of both infections, and of head lice, however, continues to provide problems for the physician. | 1998 | 17033373 |
| an effective nonchemical treatment for head lice: a lot of hot air. | head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) are a major irritant to children and their parents around the world. each year millions of children are infested with head lice, a condition known as pediculosis, which is responsible for tens of millions of lost school days. head lice have evolved resistance to many of the currently used pediculicides; therefore, an effective new treatment for head lice is needed. in this study we examined the effectiveness of several methods that use hot air to kill head l ... | 2006 | 17079567 |
| experimental model to evaluate the human body louse as a vector of plague. | yersinia pestis has been found in human body lice during plague outbreaks. to evaluate the role that the human body louse plays as a vector of plague, we allowed lice to feed on rabbits made bacteremic by intravenous inoculation of 10(9) colony-forming units of 3 strains of y. pestis. high mortality rates were observed in all lice 2 and 3 days after infection. the lice remained infected with the strains for their life span and excreted viable organisms in their feces from day 1, although they we ... | 2006 | 17083045 |
| head lice therapies revisited. | 2006 | 17083883 | |
| top 10 head lice concerns. | 2006 | 17085992 | |
| [investigation of pediculosis carried out as the special study module no. 74, a part of ege university medical faculty's educational program]. | in this study, in the program of the special study module no: 74, 68 students, who attended the izmir konak yüzbaşi serafettin primary school were examined for pediculus humanus capitis in march 2005. twenty female students had pediculosis capitis, but no male students were infested. the infestation rate in the girls was 55.5%. positive cases were treated and 35.0% were found to be cured during a control performed one week later. | 2006 | 17106852 |
| arthropod-borne diseases in homeless. | homeless people are particularly exposed to ectoparasite. the living conditions and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. body lice have long been recognized as human parasites and although typically prevalent in rural communities in upland areas of countries close to the equator, it is now increasingly encountered in developed countries especially in homeless people or inner city economically deprived population. fleas are widespread but ... | 2006 | 17114713 |
| anti-head lice effect of annona squamosa seeds. | the present study focused on the separation and identification of the active compounds against head lice from the hexane extract of annona squamosa l seed. chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques revealed that two major compounds of the hexane seed extract were oleic acid and triglyceride with one oleate ester. the yields of these compounds were 13.25% and 7.74% dry weight, respectively. the compounds were tested in vitro against head lice, comparing to the crude hexane extract of the seed. ... | 2006 | 17120975 |
| prevalence and associated factors of head lice infestation among primary schoolchildren in kelantan, malaysia. | head lice infestation contributes a significant morbidity among schoolchildren in malaysia. a cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of head lice infestation among primary schoolchildren in kelantan, malaysia. six schools were randomly selected from three sub-districts of kuala krai, kelantan. a total of 463 eleven-year-old pupils were screened by visual scalp examination and fine-toothed combing. self-administered questionnaire was used to collect ... | 2006 | 17120976 |
| [the prevalence of pediculus capitis in students of eight primary schools in the rural area of the kayseri province]. | this study was performed, from may-june 2005, on 648 (51.4%) males and 613 (48.6%) females making total of 1261 students from eight primary schools in following towns, yemliha, mahzemin, gesi, güneşli, cirgalan, and ağirnas, in the rural area of the kayseri province. either the adult or egg forms of pediculus humanus var. capitis were found in 16 (2.1%) male students and 101 (16.4%), female making a total of 117 (9.1%) students. the prevalence of infestation was significantly higher in girls tha ... | 2006 | 17124660 |
| the role of body size in host specificity: reciprocal transfer experiments with feather lice. | although most parasites show at least some degree of host specificity, factors governing the evolution of specificity remain poorly understood. many different groups of host-specific parasites show a striking correlation between parasite and host body size, suggesting that size reinforces specificity. we tested this hypothesis by measuring the relative fitness of host-specific feather lice transferred to pigeons and doves that differ in size by an order of magnitude. to test the general influenc ... | 2006 | 17133872 |
| control of head lice: past, present and future. | pediculosis capitis is common among children. rapid and accurate detection is an underlying principle of effective control and the use of a fine-tooth comb in wet, conditioned hair is most sensitive. however, none of the available treatments are fully effective. of the current pediculicides available over the counter in the uk, those based on malathion are more effective than pyrethroids. carbaryl is likely to be the most effective insecticide but is only available on prescription. wet combing w ... | 2006 | 17140363 |
| in vitro pediculicidal and ovicidal activity of an extract and oil from fruits of melia azedarach l. | head louse infestation is difficult to control because of increasing lice resistance to synthetic pediculicidal drugs. | 2007 | 17147968 |
| [investigation of the prevalence of pediculus in alahaci village primary school students in the sivas province]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pediculus in the countryside of the sivas province. the alahaci village, which is one of the central villages, is about 50 km from the city center, and the students in the village primary school were investigated for the presence of head and body pediculus. the presence of pediculus species was investigated in 178 students, who included 104 males and 74 females with an age-range of 6-14 years. even though head lice were seen in 17 (9.49% ... | 2006 | 17160848 |
| sequencing of a new target genome: the pediculus humanus humanus (phthiraptera: pediculidae) genome project. | the human body louse, pediculus humanus humanus (l.), and the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis, belong to the hemimetabolous order phthiraptera. the body louse is the primary vector that transmits the bacterial agents of louse-borne relapsing fever, trench fever, and epidemic typhus. the genomes of the bacterial causative agents of several of these aforementioned diseases have been sequenced. thus, determining the body louse genome will enhance studies of host-vector-pathogen interact ... | 2006 | 17162941 |
| bug buster for head lice: is it effective? | 2006 | 17178991 | |
| trying to keep ahead of lice: a therapeutic challenge. | pediculosis capitis, or head lice, is a world-wide public health concern affecting persons of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. it is caused by pediculus humanus capitis, an obligate ectoparasite that lives on human hair and feeds on the blood from the skin. upon diagnosis, treatment should be initiated, since established infestations with head lice generally do not spontaneously resolve. chemical pediculicides are currently the standard treatment, however, issues of resistance have made i ... | 2006 | 17180245 |
| correct diagnosis of current head lice infestation made by affected individuals from a hyperendemic area. | 2006 | 17184249 | |
| fomite transmission in head lice. | control of various infestations requires an accurate understanding of transmission. after thousands of years of lice infestation, scientific documentation of indirect contact transmission has been substantiated. lice can be transferred in the egg, instar, and adult stages. lice have now been shown in the laboratory to be readily dislodged by air movements such as blow-drying one's hair, combing, and toweling. moreover, passive transfer to adjoining fabric is also frequently observed. louse trans ... | 2007 | 17187895 |
| the bug buster kit was better than single dose pediculicides for head lice. | 2006 | 17213059 | |
| evolutionary relationships of "candidatus riesia spp.," endosymbiotic enterobacteriaceae living within hematophagous primate lice. | the primary endosymbiotic bacteria from three species of parasitic primate lice were characterized molecularly. we have confirmed the characterization of the primary endosymbiont (p-endosymbiont) of the human head/body louse pediculus humanus and provide new characterizations of the p-endosymbionts from pediculus schaeffi from chimpanzees and pthirus pubis, the pubic louse of humans. the endosymbionts show an average percent sequence divergence of 11 to 15% from the most closely related known ba ... | 2007 | 17220259 |
| host-symbiont interactions of the primary endosymbiont of human head and body lice. | the first mycetome was discovered more than 340 yr ago in the human louse. despite the remarkable biology and medical and social importance of human lice, its primary endosymbiont has eluded identification and characterization. here, we report the host-symbiont interaction of the mycetomic bacterium of the head louse pediculus humanus capitis and the body louse p. h. humanus. the endosymbiont represents a new bacterial lineage in the gamma-proteobacteria. its closest sequenced relative is arseno ... | 2007 | 17227954 |
| bacterial symbiotes, their presence in head lice, and potential treatment avenues. | pediculus humanus capitis (head lice) belongs to the order anoplura, which are blood-feeding ectoparasites that live on human hair. within these insects reside symbiotic bacteria that enable the insect to flourish on dietary sources of limited nutritional value. these symbiotic bacteria are essential to the survival of the insect. | 2006 | 17241564 |
| no-nit policies in schools: time for change. | no-nit policies that exist in many schools throughout the united states were established years ago based on fear and misinformation, rather than scientific evidence. children who are found to have live lice are no more infectious on the day of diagnosis than they had been prior to the discovery. transmission of head lice requires close personal contact, which is not common in the school setting. to date, no scientific literature exists to support the exclusion of children from school due to head ... | 2007 | 17253890 |