Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| hepatitis c virus variants from thailand classifiable into five novel genotypes in the sixth (6b), seventh (7c, 7d) and ninth (9b, 9c) major genetic groups. | nine (10%) out of 90 hepatitis c virus (hcv) isolates from hepatitis patients and commercial blood donors in thailand were not classifiable into any of genotypes i/1a, ii/1b, iii/2a, iv/2b, v/3a or vi/3b by rt-pcr with type-specific primers deduced from the hcv core gene. these isolates were sequenced over a 1.6 kb stretch of the 5'-terminal sequence and 1.1 kb of the 3'-terminal sequence covering 30% of the entire genome. based on two-by-two comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the nine thai ... | 1995 | 7561773 |
| transfer of the cftr gene to the lung of nonhuman primates with e1-deleted, e2a-defective recombinant adenoviruses: a preclinical toxicology study. | this paper describes a preclinical toxicology study designed to investigate the biological efficacy and safety profile of second-generation adenovirus for cftr gene transfer into the baboon lung. this second-generation virus is deleted of e1 and contains a temperature-sensitive mutation in the e2a gene, which encodes a defective dna-binding protein. two distinct projects were undertaken. group a animals received a first-generation adenovirus (i.e., deleted of e1) in an upper lobe at the time a s ... | 1995 | 7578403 |
| complementation of defective leucine decarboxylation in fibroblasts from a maple syrup urine disease patient by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. | maple syrup urine disease (msud) is a genetic disease caused by a deficiency of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial multienzyme complex responsible for the decarboxylation of leucine, isoleucine and valine. the complex consists of three subunits (e1, e2, and e3) and mutations in any subunit result in msud. no satisfactory treatment for msud is currently available. here we report the successful use of retroviral gene transfer to restore leucine decarboxylation activity in fibr ... | 1995 | 7584124 |
| genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis c virus: quasispecies and genotypes. | worldwide, hcv is a major etiologic agent of chronic hepatitis that may lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. thus, significant morbidity and mortality is caused by hcv infection and effective control measures against the spread of this virus are needed. originally, the extent of genetic heterogeneity of hcv was not fully appreciated. however, the breadth of the genetic heterogeneity of hcv is great, and this may have important implications in diagnosis, pathog ... | 1995 | 7597443 |
| pcr for detection of rubella virus rna in clinical samples. | a reverse transcription nested pcr (rt-pcr) assay for the detection of rubella virus rna using primers from the e1 open reading frame was established. this assay was found to be sensitive (detecting approximately two synthetic rna copies and rna extracted from 0.1 50% tissue culture infective dose of rubella virus) and specific; five wild-type rubella strains and four vaccine strains were detected, and no nonspecific amplification of 16 other rna viruses or rnas from seven cell types occurred. r ... | 1995 | 7615708 |
| high-level expression of the measles virus nucleocapsid protein by using a replication-deficient adenovirus vector: induction of an mhc-1-restricted ctl response and protection in a murine model. | replication-deficient adenovirus (ad) vectors provide an efficient technology for direct dna delivery to cells both in vitro and in vivo. we have inserted the measles virus nucleoprotein (n) gene under the control of the strong constitutive cmv major ie promoter into an ad type 5 e1- vector to produce the recombinant virus rad68. following infection of human fibroblasts with rad68 in vitro, recombinant n protein was synthesized as a 60-kda protein that represented up to 20% total soluble cell pr ... | 1995 | 7618280 |
| high-efficiency gene transfer and high-level expression of wild-type p53 in human lung cancer cells mediated by recombinant adenovirus. | a replication-defective and helper-independent recombinant p53 adenovirus was generated. the virus, ad5cmv-p53, carries an expression cassette that contains human cytomegalovirus e1 promoter, human wild-type p53 cdna, and sv40 early polyadenylation signal. four human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines representing differences in p53 configuration were used to evaluate the ad5cmv-p53 virus. in the h358 cell line, which has a homozygous deletion of p53, the p53 gene was transferred with 97% to ... | 1994 | 7621238 |
| investigation of promoter function in human and animal cells infected with human recombinant adenovirus expressing rotavirus antigen vp7sc. | human adenovirus (ad) vectors are being used increasingly for a variety of applications in vaccination and gene therapy. the ability of vectors to enter cells and the efficiency of promoters expressing the therapeutic gene or vaccine antigen are critical to the outcome of such experiments. to identify promoters which might be suitable for use under a variety of conditions we have investigated the expression of a rotavirus antigen, vp7sc, employing several commonly used promoters carried in e1-su ... | 1995 | 7636477 |
| upregulation of class i major histocompatibility complex antigens by interferon gamma is necessary for t-cell-mediated elimination of recombinant adenovirus-infected hepatocytes in vivo. | recombinant adenoviruses are attractive vehicles for liver-directed gene therapy because of the high efficiency with which they transfer genes to hepatocytes in vivo. first generation recombinant adenoviruses deleted of e1 sequences also express recombinant and early and late viral genes, which lead to development of destructive cellular immune responses. previous studies indicated that class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) play a major role in ... | 1995 | 7638177 |
| the hepatitis c virus ns3 serine proteinase and ns4a cofactor: establishment of a cell-free trans-processing assay. | the hepatitis c virus rna genome encodes a long polyprotein that is proteolytically processed into at least 10 products. the order of these cleavage products in the polyprotein is nh2-c-e1-e2-p7-ns2-ns3-ns4a-ns4b-ns5a-ns5b -cooh. a serine proteinase domain located in the n-terminal one-third of nonstructural protein ns3 mediates cleavage at four downstream sites (the 3/4a, 4a/4b, 4b/5a, and 5a/5b sites). in addition to the proteinase catalytic domain, the ns4a protein is required for processing ... | 1995 | 7644466 |
| clearance of adenovirus-infected hepatocytes by mhc class i-restricted cd4+ ctls in vivo. | e1-deleted recombinant adenoviruses have been developed for liver-directed gene therapy because efficient gene transfer to hepatocytes can be achieved in vivo. however, these viruses also express viral proteins in hepatocytes, leading to the development of destructive immune responses. our previous studies indicated that mhc class i-restricted c d8+ctls are major effectors in eliminating virus-infected cells, and cd4+ cells are also necessary in developing a fully competent ctl response by secre ... | 1995 | 7650386 |
| novel zinc chelators with dual activity in the inhibition of the kappa b site-binding proteins hiv-ep1 and nf-kappa b. | both hiv-ep1 (also called prdii-bf1 or mbp-1), a zinc finger protein, and nf-kappa b, a rel family protein, bind to kappa b site present in the enhancer of multiple cellular and viral genes involved in immune function and inflammatory response including hiv-1 ltr and human interferon beta gene. when cells are exposed to extracellular stimuli such as virus or phorbol ester, the activity of both hiv-ep1 and nf-kappa b is induced. thus, kappa b site-directed transcription could be regulated by two ... | 1995 | 7650680 |
| classification of hepatitis c virus into major types and subtypes based on molecular evolutionary analysis. | molecular evolutionary analysis was applied to determine the number of hepatitis c virus (hcv) types and subtypes based on all the hcv nucleotide sequences available from the dna data banks (ddbj, genbank (ncbi), embl) and the literature. there was an excellent concordance among the types and subtypes assigned based on different hcv genomic regions. only one hcv isolate was assigned to different hcv types based on the 5' non-coding (nc) and envelope 1 (e1) regions. the 5' nc region was well cons ... | 1995 | 7653099 |
| in vivo transfection of hepatitis c virus complementary dna into rodent liver by asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated gene delivery. | an in vivo model of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is needed to enable investigation of the mechanism of the liver injury that it causes. in this study, we used asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated gene delivery to obtain expression of the complementary dna (cdna) coding the core and part of the envelope 1 protein of hcv because selective delivery to the hepatocytes has been reported to be attained with this method. the optimum carrier-dna ratio was examined using in vitro transfection and fo ... | 1995 | 7657292 |
| the toxicity of aromatic nitrocompounds to bovine leukemia virus-transformed fibroblasts: the role of single-electron reduction. | bovine leukemia virus-transformed lamb embryo fibroblasts (line flk) possess activity of dt-diaphorase of ca. 260 u/mg protein and similar levels of other nadp(h)-oxidizing enzymes: nadh:oxidase, 359 u/mg; nadph:oxidase, 43 u/mg; nadh:cytochrome-c reductase, 141 u/mg; nadph:cytochrome-c reductase, 43 u/mg. in general, the toxicity of aromatic nitrocompounds towards flk cells increases on increase of single-electron reduction potentials (e1(1)) of nitrocompounds or the log of their reduction rate ... | 1995 | 7662703 |
| molecular analysis of intraspousal transmission of hepatitis c virus. | although intraspousal transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has been speculated, there is no direct evidence. | 1995 | 7665861 |
| [genetic regulation of human genital papillomaviruses]. | human papillomavirus (hpv) specifically infect stratified epithelial cells, causing benign and malignant neoplasia. several elements directing this virus' genetic expression are present in a non-coding region called lcr. hpv infection starts in the basal cells of stratified epithelia, where a particular combination of cellular factors interacting with the lcr starts the transcription of the viral e6 and e7 oncogenes. the e6 and e7 genes alter the cell cycle because they interact and inactivate t ... | 1995 | 7676352 |
| attenuated mutants of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus containing lethal mutations in the pe2 cleavage signal combined with a second-site suppressor mutation in e1. | the pe2 cleavage signal in a full-length cdna clone of the alphavirus venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (vee) was ablated by site-directed mutagenesis. rna transcripts derived from the resulting plasmids programmed the production of nonviable particles upon transfection of baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells. however, the mutant rnas also gave rise to a small proportion of viable revertants. analysis of these biological revertants and their molecularly cloned homologs demonstrated that second-sit ... | 1995 | 7676619 |
| progression from papilloma to carcinoma is accompanied by changes in antibody response to papillomavirus proteins. | cottontail rabbit papillomavirus induces benign tumors, papillomas, in rabbits which progress at a high frequency to malignant tumors, carcinomas. cottontail rabbit papillomavirus therefore provides an experimental model for oncogenic human papillomaviruses. the nature of the antigens recognized by the host has not been identified at any stage of tumor development. here, we characterized the humoral immune response to viral antigens in cottontail and domestic rabbits at the papilloma stage, in d ... | 1993 | 7677955 |
| immunodominant t-cell epitopes of rubella virus structural proteins defined by synthetic peptides. | sets of overlapping synthetic peptides containing predicted t-cell epitope motifs were designed from the murine monoclonal antibody-defined map of linear b-cell epitope domains within each of the structural proteins of rubella virus (rv). the peptides represented well-defined subsequences of two capsid domains (c1 to c29 and c64 to c97), of a domain of glycoprotein e1 containing neutralizing determinants (e1(202) to e1(283), and of a domain of glycoprotein e2 (e2(31) to e2(105). with the excepti ... | 1993 | 7678302 |
| an antibody- and synthetic peptide-defined rubella virus e1 glycoprotein neutralization domain. | we previously described a monoclonal antibody (mab) library generated by infecting balb/c mice with rubella virus (rv) and selected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using purified virion targets. plasmid parv02-01, which expresses the fusion protein reca1-35-gigdlgsp-e1(202)-e1(283)-gdp-lacz9-1015 in escherichia coli, was shown to be a ligand for mabs e1-18 and e1-20 (j. s. wolinsky, m. mccarthy, o. allen-cannady, w. t. moore, r. jin, s. n. cao, a. lovett, and d. simmons, j. virol ... | 1993 | 7678312 |
| attenuation of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus strain tc-83 is encoded by the 5'-noncoding region and the e2 envelope glycoprotein. | the virulent trinidad donkey (trd) strain of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus and its live attenuated vaccine derivative, tc-83 virus, have different neurovirulence characteristics. a full-length cdna clone of the tc-83 virus genome was constructed behind the bacteriophage t7 promoter in the polylinker of plasmid puc18. to identify the genomic determinants of tc-83 virus attenuation, trd virus-specific sequences were inserted into the tc-83 virus clone by in vitro mutagenesis or recomb ... | 1993 | 7679745 |
| expression and identification of hepatitis c virus polyprotein cleavage products. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the major cause of transfusion-acquired non-a, non-b hepatitis. hcv is an enveloped positive-sense rna virus which has been classified as a new genus in the flavivirus family. like the other two genera in this family, the flaviviruses and the pestiviruses, hcv polypeptides appear to be produced by translation of a long open reading frame and subsequent proteolytic processing of this polyprotein. in this study, a cdna clone encompassing the long open reading frame of th ... | 1993 | 7679746 |
| ross river virus variants selected during passage in chick embryo fibroblasts: serological, genetic, and biological changes. | serial passage of ross river virus in chick embryo fibroblasts selected for virus variants altered in their reactions to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. the e1 and e2 genes of each antigenic variant were sequenced; single nucleotide changes were found in e2 leading to amino acid substitutions at either residue 4 (glu-->lys) or 218 (asn-->lys); no changes were found in the e1 gene. variants with the substitution at e2 residue 218 replicated less efficiently in 1-day-old mice than did the pare ... | 1993 | 7679860 |
| antigenic regions within the hepatitis c virus envelope 1 and non-structural proteins: identification of an igg3-restricted recognition site with the envelope 1 protein. | antibody binding to antigenic regions of hepatitis c virus (hcv) envelope 1 (e1; residues 183-380, e2/non-structural (ns) 1 (residues 380-437), ns1 (residues 643-690), and ns4 (1684-1751) proteins were assayed for 50 sera with antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) and for 46 sera without anti-hcv. thirty-four peptides, 18 residues long with an eight-amino acid overlap within each hcv region, were synthesized and tested with all 96 sera. within the e region 183-380, the major binding site was located to r ... | 1993 | 7680297 |
| [expression of hepatitis c virus genome]. | complementary dnas from hcv genome were expressed and analyzed. c8-2 protein, a part of ns5, and core protein were synthesized in e. coli. core protein (jcc) was appeared to be very useful for diagnostic probe of hcv infection. predicted envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2/ns1) produced in infected insect cells were glycosylated and secreted into the culture media when the signal sequence of rabies virus g protein was introduced. an elisa was developed using each purified recombinant protein. anti ... | 1993 | 7681882 |
| [antigenicities of groups i and ii hepatitis c virus]. | hcv genomes are considerable heterogeneities in nucleotide and amino acid sequences among individual isolates. the primary structure of the putative core and ns3 protein regions are relatively conserved among hcv isolates, while those of envelope proteins (e1 and e2) and ns4 are variable. on the basis of nucleotide sequence homology of parts of hcv genomes, several research groups have reported the possible existence of multiple subtypes of hcv isolates. from comparative sequence studies on hcv ... | 1993 | 7681884 |
| an escherichia coli plasmid vector system for high-level production and purification of heterologous peptides fused to active chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. | a very small plasmid vector system is described for construction and high-level production of c-terminal chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) fusion proteins in escherichia coli. the only functional elements of the plasmid are a minimal region of the cole1 origin of dna replication and the tn9 cat gene, both under control of a tac promoter. since c-terminal fusion to cat does not interfere with chloramphenicol (cm) resistance, plasmids are maintained under cm selection. because of its small s ... | 1993 | 7682530 |
| sindbis virus attachment: isolation and characterization of mutants with impaired binding to vertebrate cells. | sindbis virus can infect a broad range of insect and vertebrate cell types. the ability to restrict tissue tropism and target virus infection to specific cell types would expand the usefulness of engineered alphaviruses as gene expression vectors. in this study, virus pools derived from libraries of full-length sindbis virus cdna clones containing random insertion mutations in the pe2 or e1 virion glycoprotein gene were screened for mutants defective for binding to vertebrate cells. binding-comp ... | 1993 | 7684466 |
| ns3 is a serine protease required for processing of hepatitis c virus polyprotein. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) possesses a positive-sense rna genome which encodes a large polyprotein of 3,010 amino acids. previous data and sequence analysis have indicated that this polyprotein is processed by cellular proteases and possibly by a virally encoded serine protease localized in the n-terminal domain of nonstructural protein ns3. to characterize the molecular aspects of hcv protein biogenesis and to clearly identify the protein products derived from the hcv genome, we have examined hcv ... | 1993 | 7685406 |
| the integrin vla-2 binds echovirus 1 and extracellular matrix ligands by different mechanisms. | the integrin vla-2 mediates cell adhesion to collagen and laminin and also functions as a virus receptor, mediating cell surface attachment and infection by a human pathogen, echovirus 1. to determine whether extracellular matrix proteins and virus interact with vla-2 in the same manner, we carried out a detailed comparison of these two functions and found that they differed markedly in six different respects. in contrast to the ecm/vla-2 interaction, echovirus 1 binding did not discriminate bet ... | 1993 | 7686920 |
| amino acid substitutions in hiv-1 reverse transcriptase with corresponding residues from hiv-2. effect on kinetic constants and inhibition by non-nucleoside analogs. | nevirapine is a highly potent and specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) polymerase, but is inactive against hiv-2 and other polymerase. previous studies demonstrated that residues 176-190 of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase (rt) can confer nevirapine sensitivity to hiv-2 rt. to better characterize the role of this sequence in hiv-1 rt, we have progressively substituted residues 176-190 of hiv-2 rt for those of hiv-1 rt and monitored the impact on the kinetic properties; in ... | 1993 | 7688367 |
| structural rearrangement of infecting sindbis virions at the cell surface: mapping of newly accessible epitopes. | sindbis virus glycoproteins e1 and e2 undergo a conformational alteration during early virus-cell interaction at the cell surface (d. flynn, w. j. meyer, j. m. mackenzie, jr., and r. e. johnston, j. virol. 64:3643-3653, 1990). certain epitopes normally internal on native virus become accessible to monoclonal antibody (mab) binding after attachment but before internalization of virus particles. these newly exposed epitopes, termed transitional epitopes, may be part of functionally important domai ... | 1993 | 7688818 |
| mapping t-cell epitopes of rubella virus structural proteins e1, e2, and c recognized by t-cell lines and clones derived from infected and immunized populations. | to design a safe and effective synthetic peptide vaccine against rubella virus (rv) infection, it is necessary to identify immunodominant t-cell epitopes of rv structural proteins. to define such epitopes, 49 overlapping synthetic peptides (17-34 residues in length) corresponding to more than 95% of the amino acid sequence of rv virion proteins e1 (23 peptides) and c (11 peptides) and all of e2 (15 peptides) were synthesized and tested for their capacities to induce proliferative responses of ru ... | 1993 | 7689090 |
| antibody response to core, envelope and nonstructural hepatitis c virus antigens: comparison of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. | some immunosuppressed patients with hepatitis c virus infection do not have detectable levels of antibody to hepatitis c virus on second-generation enzyme immunoassay. antibodies to the envelope and nonstructural region 5 proteins have not been examined. four groups of patients with hepatitis c virus infection were studied: (a) 20 immunocompetent patients, (b) 15 hemodialysis patients, (c) 17 kidney transplant recipients and (d) 3 acute leukemia patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation ... | 1993 | 7689528 |
| knocking-out concentrations of hiv-1-specific inhibitors completely suppress hiv-1 infection and prevent the emergence of drug-resistant virus. | treatment of hiv-1-infected cells with the hiv-1-specific inhibitors hydroxyethoxymethylphenylthiothymine (hept), tetrahydroimidazobenzodiazepinones (tibo), nevirapine, pyridinone, bis(heteroaryl)piperazines (bhap), and tert-butyldimethylsilylspiroaminooxathioledioxide (tsao) at a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml resulted in a rapid breakthrough of resistant virus within three to four subcultivations. at drug concentrations of 0.5 to 1 microgram/ml, emergence of resistant virus was delayed. the ... | 1993 | 7690501 |
| development and analysis of recombinant adenoviruses for gene therapy of cystic fibrosis. | a new adenovirus-based vector (ad2/cftr-1) has been constructed in which the cdna encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr), the cystic fibrosis (cf) gene product, replaces the early region 1 coding sequences, e1a and e1b. the virus retains the e3 region. ad2/cftr-1 and a related construct encoding beta-galactosidase replicate in human 293 cells which provide e1 gene functions in trans. replication of these recombinant viruses was not detected in a variety of other ... | 1993 | 7691187 |
| adenovirus-mediated gene transfer transiently corrects the chloride transport defect in nasal epithelia of patients with cystic fibrosis. | to evaluate the potential of direct transfer of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) cdna for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (cf), we administered an e1-deficient adenovirus, encoding cftr, to a defined area of nasal airway epithelium of three individuals with cf. this treatment corrected the cl- transport defect that is characteristic of cf-affected epithelia. after treatment, there was a decrease in the elevated basal transepithelial voltage, and the normal response to ... | 1993 | 7691415 |
| epitope mapping of envelope glycoprotein e1 of hog cholera virus strain brescia. | four antigenic domains (a, b, c and d) on envelope glycoprotein e1 (gp51-54) of hog cholera virus strain brescia have been specified by using 13 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize non-conserved and conserved epitopes. it was shown that the non-conserved epitopes map to the n-terminal half of e1 by analysis of chimeric e1 proteins of strains brescia and c. conserved epitopes, however, could not be mapped using this approach. here we describe mapping of both conserved and non-conserved ep ... | 1993 | 7691986 |
| identification of immunoreactive regions of rubella virus e1 and e2 envelope proteins by using synthetic peptides. | relatively large (16-33 aa) synthetic peptides (sps) representing defined sequences of rubella virus (rv) e1 and e2 envelope proteins were used in lymphocyte stimulation and enzyme immunoassays to map immunoreactive regions recognized by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmnc) and serum antibodies from healthy rv-seropositive, rv-seronegative, and rv-vaccinated adults. five distinct immunoreactive regions were identified in rv e1 protein, spanning residues (11-39), (154-179), (199-239), (226- ... | 1993 | 7692685 |
| hepatitis c virus (hcv)-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes recognize epitopes in the core and envelope proteins of hcv. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of posttransfusion and community-acquired hepatitis, and a majority of individuals infected with this virus will subsequently develop chronic hepatitis. characterization of the host immune response to this infection is an important first step that should facilitate the development of immunomodulatory agents and vaccines. cellular immune responses, especially those mediated by cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl), are important in the control of many viral diseas ... | 1993 | 7693974 |
| bovine papillomavirus e1 protein can, by itself, efficiently drive multiple rounds of dna synthesis in vitro. | bovine papillomavirus e1 protein was found to be as efficient as the simian virus 40 large t antigen in initiating dna synthesis in a cell-free system derived from cos1 cells. multiple rounds of dna synthesis occur, initiated at the bovine papillomavirus type 1 origin. therefore, e1 functions in vitro as a lytic virus initiator. | 1995 | 7707551 |
| dna polymerase delta holoenzyme: action on single-stranded dna and on double-stranded dna in the presence of replicative dna helicases. | dna polymerase delta requires proliferating cell nuclear antigen and replication factor c to form a holoenzyme efficient in dna synthesis. we have analyzed three different aspects of calf thymus dna polymerase delta holoenzyme: (i) analysis of pausing during dna synthesis, (ii) replication of double-stranded dna in the absence of additional factors, and (iii) replication of double-stranded dna in the presence of the two known replicative dna helicases from simian virus 40 and bovine papilloma vi ... | 1995 | 7711022 |
| use of rubella virus e1 fusion proteins for detection of rubella virus antibodies. | two glutathione s-transferase fusion proteins containing 44 (p1503) and 75 (p1509) amino acid residues of the rubella virus e1 glycoprotein were expressed in escherichia coli with the aim of producing a recombinant rubella virus antigen for use in serological assays. p1503 contained three neutralizing and hemagglutinating epitopes (g. m. terry, l. m. ho-terry, p. londesborough, and k. r. rees, arch. virol. 98:189-197, 1988); p1509 contained the putative neutralization domain described by mitchel ... | 1995 | 7714176 |
| regulation of the constitutive expression of the human cyp1a2 gene: cis elements and their interactions with proteins. | cytochrome p4501a2 (cyp1a2) is a member of the cytochrome p450 family that is involved in phase i drug metabolism in vertebrates. to understand how the constitutive expression of the human cyp1a2 gene is regulated, its 5' flanking region was analyzed. the promoter activity of a human cyp1a2 gene sequence [base pairs (bp) -3203 to +58 bp] was measured in transiently transfected hepg2 cells using fusion constructs containing the luciferase reporter gene. using 5'-end deletion analysis, two functio ... | 1995 | 7723729 |
| monitoring the cdna synthesis of dengue-2 virus by rt pcr. | reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt pcr) was utilized to observe the complementary dna (cdna) synthesis from the 10723 base dengue-2 virus template by in vitro reverse transcription. the pcr product amplified from 5'-end of the genome (pcr primers n1a-e1) indicates the completeness of the cdna synthesis because the cdna primer d8b was located at 3'-end and the cdna synthesized encompassed the entire rna template. the integrity of the dengue virus rna was also determined by the cd ... | 1995 | 7730437 |
| rescue, propagation, and partial purification of a helper virus-dependent adenovirus vector. | adenoviral vectors are widely used as highly efficient gene transfer vehicles in a variety of biological research strategies including human gene therapy. one of the limitations of the currently available adenoviral vector system is the presence of the majority of the viral genome in the vector, resulting in leaky expression of viral genes particularly at high multiplicity of infection and limited cloning capacity of exogenous sequences. as a first step to overcome this problem, we attempted to ... | 1995 | 7731995 |
| adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to human bronchial submucosal glands using xenografts. | the cystic fibrosis (cf) transmembrane conductance regulator has been localized to both submucosal glands and surface epithelium, suggesting that both glandular and surface epithelium may be important targets for gene therapy. to determine the distribution and efficiency of recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to human airway submucosal glands, an in vivo model was developed by heterotopically transplanting human bronchial segments from both normal and cf lung tissue into severe combine ... | 1995 | 7733306 |
| efficient expression of a heterodimer of bone morphogenetic protein subunits using a baculovirus expression system. | recombinant baculoviruses as expression vectors for xenopus bone morphogenetic protein (xbmp)-2, 4 and 7 were generated. the conditioned medium of insect cells infected with the virus for xbmp-2 or 4 showed strong alkaline phosphatase-inducing activity in a mouse osteoblastic cell line, mc3t3-e1, although a large portion of the activity remained in the infected cells. in contrast, xbmp-7 was preferentially secreted into the medium, but had only weak activity. conditioned media following simultan ... | 1995 | 7733977 |
| e1 recognition sequences in the bovine papillomavirus type 1 origin of dna replication: interaction between half sites of the inverted repeats. | the e1 protein encoded by bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) is required for viral dna replication, and it binds site specifically to an a/t-rich palindromic sequence within the viral origin of replication. the protein is targeted to this site through cooperative interactions and binding with the virus-encoded e2 protein. to explore the nature of the e1 binding site, we inserted a series of homologous dna linkers at the center of dyad symmetry within the e1 recognition palindrome. the effects ... | 1995 | 7745726 |
| targeting of a heterodimeric membrane protein complex to the golgi: rubella virus e2 glycoprotein contains a transmembrane golgi retention signal. | rubella virus (rv) envelope glycoproteins, e2 and e1, form a heterodimeric complex that is targeted to medial/trans-golgi cisternae. to identify the golgi targeting signal(s) for the e2/e1 spike complex, we constructed chimeric proteins consisting of domains from rv glycoproteins and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) g protein. the location of the chimeric proteins in stably transfected chinese hamster ovary cells was determined by immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, and by the extent ... | 1995 | 7749196 |
| synthesis and processing of the rubella virus p110 polyprotein precursor in baculovirus-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells. | in order to study the processing of rubella virus (rv) structural proteins (capsid protein, of 33 kda; e2 of 42-47 kda; and e1 of 58 kda) in spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) cells, a 24s cdna encoding the polyprotein precursor, p110, was inserted under the transcriptional regulation of the polyhedrin gene promoter of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) and expressed during viral infection. by immunoblot analysis using antibodies directed against whole rv and the in ... | 1995 | 7754676 |
| low ph induces swiveling of the glycoprotein heterodimers in the semliki forest virus spike complex. | time-resolved cryoelectron microscopy reveals the first step in the conformational changes that enable membrane fusion in semliki forest virus. the neutral ph structure reveals a central cavity within the spike complex, plate-like extensions forming a layer above the membrane, and the paths of the paired transmembrane domains connecting the trimeric spikes and pentamer-hexamer clustered capsid subunits. low ph treatment results in centrifugal movement of e2, the receptor-binding subunit, centrip ... | 1995 | 7774013 |
| detection of wild-type contamination in a recombinant adenoviral preparation by pcr. | a rapid and sensitive method of detecting wild-type virus contamination is needed for the preparation of recombinant adenoviruses for adenoviral vector applications in which purified vectors free of wild-type virus are required for preclinical studies and clinical trials. in response to this demand, we developed a pcr assay that uses two pairs of primers in the same reaction to detect adenoviral e1 dna with co-amplification of e2b dna as an internal control. template dna preparation was simplifi ... | 1995 | 7779393 |
| role of viral proteins and concanavalin a in in vitro replication of pseudorabies virus in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | we examined the capability of pseudorabies virus (prv) to replicate in vitro in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and characterized the phenotype of infected cells. in addition, we investigated whether inactivation of various prv proteins or the expression of a foreign gene affected this replication. finally, we studied the replication of prv strains in concanavalin a (con a)-stimulated lymphocytes. the replication of prv mutants with inactivated glycoproteins ge or gg, thymidine ... | 1995 | 7782771 |
| genetic recombination of pseudorabies virus: evidence that homologous recombination between insert sequences is less frequent than between autologous sequences. | we studied in vivo recombination between a thymidine kinase (tk) negative, glycoprotein e (ge) negative, attenuated strain and a virulent strain of pseudorabies virus (prv) in pigs. to simplify the detection of recombination we inserted different but overlapping (375 bp) parts of the e1 gene of classical swine fever virus into the gg locus of both virus strains. recombination between the e1 sequences of these viruses results in reconstitution of the complete e1 coding sequence and expression of ... | 1995 | 7794111 |
| elevated rubella antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease. | patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (aicah) and certain other chronic liver disorders often have very high titres of haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies to rubella virus. in this study it is shown, using floatation centrifugation, that the high rubella hi reactivity is not caused by nonspecific lipoprotein inhibitors but rather by antibodies specific for the rubella haemagglutinin (e1 glycoprotein). after sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of sera the major hi re ... | 1994 | 7798882 |
| the v-sis oncoprotein loses transforming activity when targeted to the early golgi complex. | the location of autocrine interactions between the v-sis protein and pdgf receptors remains uncertain and controversial. to examine whether receptor-ligand interactions can occur intracellularly, we have constructed fusion proteins that anchor v-sis to specific intracellular membranes. fusion of a cis-golgi retention signal from a coronavirus e1 glycoprotein to v-sis protein completely abolished its transforming ability when transfected into nih3t3 cells. fusion proteins incorporating mutations ... | 1994 | 7806564 |
| visualization of fusion activation in the semliki forest virus spike. | viral spike proteins such as those of semliki forest virus (sfv) undergo a conformational change triggered by low ph which results in the fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes. the viral spike precursor of sfv is insensitive to low ph, and hence is fusion incompetent, until it is proteolytically cleaved to give the fusion competent mature form. | 1994 | 7812716 |
| genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis c virus. | there are four hierarchical strata in the genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis c virus (hcv): group above subgroup above isolates above quasispecies. the entire genome sequence has so far been reported for 16 isolates which are classifiable into 3 groups and 6 subgroups. provisional classification of hcv is also possible using a partial sequence of the hcv genome. with the e1 region sequence for example, the present collection of hcv isolates can be classified into 9 groups and 23 subgroups. the r ... | 1994 | 7814244 |
| immunoaffinity purification of baculovirus-expressed rubella virus e1 for diagnostic purposes. | three monoclonal antibodies, termed 4e10, 1e11:10, and 2d9:1, were generated against rubella virus. immunoblot analysis with purified authentic rubella virus or recombinant baculovirus-expressed rubella virus structural proteins e1, e2, and c demonstrated that they were directed against the e1 envelope glycoprotein of the rubella virus particle. by using the yeast ty virus-like particle system, it was possible to map the binding site of 1e11:10 within amino acids 236 to 286 of the e1 protein and ... | 1994 | 7814545 |
| distribution of viral genotypes in italy determined by hepatitis c virus typing by dna immunoassay. | the distribution of hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotypes in italy was investigated by pcr amplification of the e1 region and hybridization with type i- and type ii-specific nonisotopic probes. positive pcr results were obtained for 65 of 72 patients (90.3%). type i was detected in 13 of 72 patients (18%), type ii was detected in 39 patients (54.2%), and a mixed type i-type ii infection was detected in 7 patients (9.7%). six amplification products not classified by this method shared a low level of ... | 1994 | 7814559 |
| exclusion in liver by polymerase chain reaction of hepatitis b and c viruses in acute liver failure attributed to sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis. | hepatitis b and c viruses have been implicated in a few cases of acute liver failure attributed to sporadic (community acquired) non-a, non-b hepatitis, but reports are conflicting. we determined whether hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus were detectable in prospectively stored hepatectomies from seven british patients grafted for acute liver failure attributed to sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis. for hepatitis b virus, we used nested polymerase chain reaction with primers to the core and su ... | 1994 | 7814806 |
| presentation of endogenous and exogenous antigens is not affected by inactivation of e1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme in temperature-sensitive cell lines. | little is known regarding the mechanism by which mhc class i-associated peptides are generated. proteins can be targeted for degradation by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin. the first step in ubiquitin conjugation to proteins is its binding to e1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme. to study the role of ubiquitin-targeted protein degradation in ag processing, we used two mutant cell lines with temperature-sensitive e1 proteins, and a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing wild-type human e1. one of t ... | 1995 | 7814864 |
| two e2 binding sites alone are sufficient to function as the minimal origin of replication of human papillomavirus type 18 dna. | replication of papillomaviruses requires an origin of replication and two virus-encoded proteins, e1 and e2. using a transient replication assay for human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) dna, we have found that two adjacent sequences present within the origin of replication can independently support replication. the first, a 77-bp region, contains one e2 binding site (e2bs) and a 16-bp inverted repeat element that probably corresponds to the e1 binding site (e1bs). the other, an 81-bp region, in ... | 1995 | 7815514 |
| cis-acting components of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna replication: linker substitution analysis of the hpv type 11 origin. | papillomavirus dna replication requires the viral trans-acting factors e1 and e2 in addition to the host cell's general replication machinery. the origins of dna replication in bovine and human papillomavirus genomes have been localized to a specific part of the upstream regulatory region (urr) which includes recognition sites for e1 and e2 proteins. to fine map cis-acting elements influencing human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv-11) dna replication and to determine the relative contributions of su ... | 1995 | 7815528 |
| characterization of hucrbp (yy1, nf-e1, delta): a transcription factor that binds the regulatory regions of many viral and cellular genes. | the ucrbp (yy1, delta, nf-e1) protein has been isolated for its ability to bind to the ucr (upstream conserved region) site present in the conserved murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat. ucrbp carries a highly charged n-terminal domain and four c2-h2-type zinc fingers at its c-terminal end. the present study reveals the following results: (i) the ucr site is present in the upstream and/or regulatory regions of numerous mammalian cellular and viral genes to which both recombinant and cellul ... | 1994 | 7821790 |
| differentiation-dependent expression of e1--e4 proteins in cell lines maintaining episomes of human papillomavirus type 31b. | the life cycle of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) is dependent on epithelial differentiation. among the viral proteins expressed in differentiated epithelial cells are the viral capsid proteins, l1 and l2, as well as the e1e4 fusion proteins. in this study, the expression and intracellular localization of the e1e4 proteins of hpv type 31b were examined in both monolayer and raft cultures of the cin-612 cell line which maintains episomal copies of hpv-31b. in this cell line, a high level of e1e4 pr ... | 1995 | 7831825 |
| the i domain is essential for echovirus 1 interaction with vla-2. | vla-2, the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin, mediates cell adhesion to collagen and laminin, and is the receptor for the human pathogen echovirus 1. because of its similarity to domains present in other proteins that interact with collagen, a 191 amino acid region within the alpha 2 subunit (the i domain) has been proposed as a potential site for ligand interactions. although the alpha 2 subunits of human and murine vla-2 are 84% identical, human alpha 2 promotes virus binding whereas murine alpha 2 does ... | 1994 | 7842258 |
| the oligomerization reaction of the semliki forest virus membrane protein subunits. | the semliki forest virus (sfv) spike is composed of three copies of a membrane protein heterodimer. the two subunits of this heterodimer (p62 and e1) are synthesized sequentially from a common mrna together with the capsid (c) in the order c-p62-e1. in this work heterodimerization of the spike proteins has been studied in bhk 21 cells. the results indicate that: (a) the polyprotein is cotranslationally cleaved into individual chains; (b) the two membrane protein subunits are initially not associ ... | 1995 | 7844143 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus sequence variants in south-east asia. | the nature and distribution of hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotypic variants present in south-east asia have not been extensively investigated. we analysed hcv rna obtained from 67 clinical serum samples from singapore, thailand, indonesia, the philippines and south korea. all samples were amplified by semi-nested rt-pcr and the nucleotide sequence determined for four regions within the e1, e2/ns1, ns4 and ns5 genes. each isolate had a unique nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence, consistent w ... | 1995 | 7844535 |
| prolonged transgene expression in cotton rat lung with recombinant adenoviruses defective in e2a. | recombinant adenoviruses have tremendous potential for gene therapy of cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease. first-generation recombinant viruses, rendered replication defective by deleting e1, have been associated with high-level recombinant gene expression in airway epithelial cells when administered directly to the lung. experience in mice and non-human primates indicates that transgene expression is transient (i.e., lasting less than 21 days) and associated with the development of inflammation. ... | 1994 | 7849095 |
| expression and characterization of a soluble rubella virus e1 envelope protein. | individual specific antigenic rubella virus (rv) structural proteins are required for accurate serological diagnosis of acute and congenital rubella infections as well as rubella immune status. the rv envelope glycoprotein e1 is the major target antigen and plays an important role in viral-specific immune responses. the native virion is difficult to produce in large quantities and the protein subunits are also difficult to isolate without loss of antigenicity. the production of a soluble rv e1 ( ... | 1994 | 7852960 |
| involvement of the molecular chaperone bip in maturation of sindbis virus envelope glycoproteins. | sindbis virus codes for two membrane glycoproteins, e1 and pe2, which assemble into heterodimers within the endoplasmic reticulum. we have examined the role of the molecular chaperone bip (grp78) in the maturation of these two proteins. e1, which folds into its mature conformation via at least three intermediates differing in the configurations of their disulfide bonds, was found to interact strongly and transiently with bip after synthesis. atp depletion mediated by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophe ... | 1995 | 7853497 |
| specific restrictions in the progression of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-induced disease resulting from single amino acid changes in the glycoproteins. | the pathogenesis of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (vee) was examined in the mouse model using v3000, a virus derived from a molecular clone of the trinidad donkey strain of vee. these results were compared in parallel experiments with avirulent mutants of vee derived by site-directed mutagenesis of the clone. adult mice, inoculated subcutaneously in their left rear footpad with v3000, were followed in a time course study for 6 days in which 15 organs were tested for histopathological chan ... | 1995 | 7856110 |
| nucleocapsid and glycoprotein organization in an enveloped virus. | alphaviruses are a group of icosahedral, positive-strand rna, enveloped viruses. the membrane bilayer, which surrounds the approximately 400 a diameter nucleocapsid, is penetrated by 80 spikes arranged in a t = 4 lattice. each spike is a trimer of heterodimers consisting of glycoproteins e1 and e2. cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction of ross river virus showed that the t = 4 quaternary structure of the nucleocapsid consists of pentamer and hexamer clusters of the capsid protein, but ... | 1995 | 7867069 |
| mutations in the putative fusion peptide of semliki forest virus affect spike protein oligomerization and virus assembly. | the two transmembrane spike protein subunits of semliki forest virus (sfv) form a heterodimeric complex in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. this complex is then transported to the plasma membrane, where spike-nucleocapsid binding and virus budding take place. by using an infectious sfv clone, we have characterized the effects of mutations within the putative fusion peptide of the e1 spike subunit on spike protein dimerization and virus assembly. these mutations were previously demonstrated to bl ... | 1995 | 7884895 |
| propagation of hepatitis a virus in a renal cell line jtc-12.p3 of cynomolgus monkey origin. | human hepatitis a virus (hav) derived from 10% hav infected marmoset liver homogenate and faeces from acute hepatitis a was successfully propagated in vitro in a new cell line, jtc-12.p3. the cell line originated from the renal cortex of cynomolgus monkey which was adapted to growth in a serum free, protein free, chemically defined synthetic medium. replication of the virus was followed by solid phase ria, immunofluorescent staining, and immunoelectron microscopy. the propagation of hav occurred ... | 1993 | 7905235 |
| lethality of pe2 incorporation into sindbis virus can be suppressed by second-site mutations in e3 and e2. | sindbis virions contain two glycoproteins, e1 and e2. e2 is produced initially as a precursor, pe2, from which the amino-terminal 64 amino acids are cleaved by a cellular protease at a late stage in virion maturation. a mutation at e2 position 1 (arg to asn) was placed into sindbis virus ar339 by site-directed mutagenesis of a full-length ar339 cdna clone, ptrsb, to produce ptrsb-n. the mutation created a signal for n-linked glycosylation immediately adjacent to the pe2 cleavage signal. virions ... | 1994 | 7908062 |
| altered host range phenotype of the transformation-defective ad12 mutant cs-1 is due to deletions in the e1 region. | although it grows well in bulk infection, human adenovirus type 12 (ad12) does not plaque efficiently in vero cells of simian origin. after long-term passage of the virus or after transfection of ad12 dna into these cells, however, transformation-defective, host-range mutants giving high plaque yields in vero cells were isolated. the original mutants have deletions in both e1a and e1b as well as additions of viral sequences at the right terminus of the genome. we have constructed a recombinant v ... | 1994 | 7928288 |
| intracellular localization of full-length and truncated hepatitis c virus core protein expressed in mammalian cells. | the putative hepatitis c virus core protein has a predicted molecular weight of about 22 kd and contains two carboxy (cooh)-terminal hydrophobic domains. the cleavages generating the hepatitis c virus structural proteins (core, e1 and e2) are catalyzed by host signal peptidases. in the present study, we investigated the processing and intracellular localization of the hepatitis c virus core protein expressed in mammalian cells. expression vectors encoding the entire core protein or cooh-terminal ... | 1994 | 7930486 |
| membrane and protein interactions of a soluble form of the semliki forest virus fusion protein. | semliki forest virus is an enveloped alphavirus that infects cells by a membrane fusion reaction triggered by the low ph present in endocytic vacuoles. fusion is mediated by the e1 spike protein subunit. during fusion, several conformational changes occur in e1 and e2, the two transmembrane subunits of the spike protein. these changes include dissociation of the e1-e2 dimer, alteration of the trypsin sensitivity and monoclonal antibody binding patterns of e1, and formation of a sodium dodecyl su ... | 1994 | 7933075 |
| identification of ets domain proteins in murine t lymphocytes that interact with the moloney murine leukemia virus enhancer. | the enhancer of moloney murine leukemia virus (mo-mulv) contains an array of transcriptional control elements that direct viral gene expression in diverse cell types. the murine transcription factor ets-1 was shown to bind to the lvb and lvc elements of the enhancer by dnase i protection and methylation interference assays. enhancers containing disrupted ets-1 binding sites were tested in transient expression assays in the murine t-cell line el4.e1; alterations in the lvb element affected consti ... | 1994 | 7935472 |
| characterization of the proximal estrogen-responsive element of human cathepsin d gene. | cathepsin d, a lysosomal proteinase, is induced by estrogens in mammary cancer cells where its concentration is correlated with a higher risk of metastasis. its gene expression is stimulated by estrogens in mcf7 cells, and we have shown that a short proximal promoter fragment from -365 to -122 is required for this induction. we now characterize, at -261, a nonconsensus estrogen-responsive element (ere) (e2) with two differences in the distal half of its palindrome, which confers estradiol respon ... | 1994 | 7935485 |
| characterization of cdnas species encoding the tat protein of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. | two distinct species of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (caev) tat cdnas were isolated early after infection of a himalayan tahr cell line. sequence analyses predicted that one cdna (pcev/e1) represented a polycistronic transcript that encodes tat and rev as well as an n-terminally truncated transmembrane protein and a protein, designated x, whose function is unknown; whereas the other cdna (pcev/f1) encodes tat and the env gene products. pcev/e1 trans-activated a caev ltr-chloramphenicol a ... | 1994 | 7941354 |
| demonstration of sindbis virus antigen in lowicryl-embedded cultured cells by immunogold staining. | eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were tested for the use in immunogold staining of sindbis virus (sin) antigen in cultured baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells. the antibodies were directed against the capsid (c) protein (5) or against the glycoprotein e1 (3), respectively. four out of five anti-c mabs and two out of three anti-e1 mabs reacted on frozen sections, whereas two of the anti-c antibodies and none of the anti-e1 antibodies reacted on lowicryl k4m-embedded cells. the mabs reacting, in par ... | 1994 | 7941845 |
| transduction of human bone marrow by adenoviral vector. | recombinant adenoviral vectors have been shown to be potential new tools for a variety of human gene therapy protocols. we examined the effectiveness of an adenovirus vector for gene transfer into human bone marrow (bm). mononuclear cells from one adenosine deaminase (ada)-deficient and two normal human bm samples were transduced by an e1-defective adenoviral vector encoding human ada and kept in myeloid long-term culture. retroviral gene transfer was also performed with the ada-deficient bone m ... | 1994 | 7948143 |
| structural protein relationships among eastern equine encephalitis viruses. | we have re-evaluated the relationships among the polypeptides of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) viruses using sds-page and peptide mapping of individual virion proteins. four to five distinct polypeptide bands were detected upon sds-page analysis of viruses: the e1, e2 and c proteins normally associated with alphavirus virions, as well as an additional more rapidly-migrating e2-associated protein and a high m(r) (hmw) protein. in contrast with previous findings by others, the electrophoretic ... | 1994 | 7964601 |
| hepatitis c virus ns3 serine proteinase: trans-cleavage requirements and processing kinetics. | the hepatitis c virus h strain (hcv-h) polyprotein is cleaved to produce at least 10 distinct products, in the order of nh2-c-e1-e2-p7-ns2-ns3-ns4a-ns4b-ns5a-ns5b -cooh. an hcv-encoded serine proteinase activity in ns3 is required for cleavage at four sites in the nonstructural region (3/4a, 4a/4b, 4b/5a, and 5a/5b). in this report, the hcv-h serine proteinase domain (the n-terminal 181 residues of ns3) was tested for its ability to mediate trans-processing at these four sites. by using an ns3-5 ... | 1994 | 7966606 |
| hepatitis c virus variants from vietnam are classifiable into the seventh, eighth, and ninth major genetic groups. | thirty-four (41%) of 83 hepatitis c virus (hcv) isolates from commercial blood donors in vietnam were not classifiable into genotype i/1a, ii/1b, iii/2a, iv/2b, or v/3a; for 15 of them, the sequence was determined for 1.6 kb in the 5'-terminal region and 1.1 kb in the 3'-terminal region. comparison of the 15 vietnamese isolates among themselves and with reported full or partial hcv genomic sequences indicated that they were classifiable into four major groups (groups 6-9) divided into six genoty ... | 1994 | 7972001 |
| processing of e1 and e2 glycoproteins of hepatitis c virus expressed in mammalian and insect cells. | processing of the envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2) of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was investigated by using cdna clones covering the structural and part of the nonstructural (ns) protein regions. the cdna clones expressed in mammalian and insect cells were immunoprecipitated by serum of a hepatitis c patient and by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against the recombinant proteins expressed in insect cells or escherichia coli. the e2 protein expressed in both insect and mammalian cells w ... | 1994 | 7975209 |
| sequence variability in the env-coding region of hepatitis c virus isolated from patients infected during a single source outbreak. | the variability of the hepatitis c virus genome was investigated in a group of german patients who developed chronic hepatitis c after parenteral administration of contaminated immunoglobulin to prevent rh sensitization after pregnancy. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence alterations of the e1 and the first hypervariable region of the e2 gene of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome from sera of two randomly selected patients were studied by comparison of hcv sequences obtained from the ... | 1994 | 7979995 |
| negative regulation of the bovine papillomavirus e5, e6, and e7 oncogenes by the viral e1 and e2 genes. | papillomaviruses induce benign squamous epithelial lesions that infrequently are associated with uncontrolled growth or malignant conversion. the virus-encoded oncogenes are clearly under negative regulation since papillomaviruses can latently infect cells and since different levels of viral oncogene expression are seen within the layers of differentiating infected epitheliomas. we used bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) to investigate the mechanisms involved in the negative regulation of tran ... | 1995 | 7983735 |
| immunization with nonstructural proteins e1 and e2 of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus stimulates regression of virus-induced papillomas. | cottontail rabbit papillomavirus is the major animal model for cancer-associated papillomaviruses. here we show that vaccination with the nonstructural proteins e1 and e2 induces the regression of virus-induced papillomas and that vaccination is equally effective when proteins are given with and without adjuvant. there was no correlation between antibody levels and regression, suggesting that tumor regression may be due to a cell-mediated response. | 1995 | 7983764 |
| classical swine fever: genetic detection and analysis of differences between virus isolates. | two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed that specifically amplified regions of the classical swine fever virus genome. these products, corresponding to a 671 bp portion of the genes encoding the e1 and e2 (gp33 and gp55) proteins and a 1090 bp portion of the putative polymerase gene, were amplified from eight virus isolates which had been responsible for a series of classical swine fever outbreaks in italy involving both domestic pigs and wild boar. for each virus the fragments were p ... | 1994 | 7996138 |
| hemagglutinating and sialidase activities of subpopulations of influenza a viruses. | the present study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of two samples of influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) virus, one of them selected by an adsorption-elution technique, to determine the possible existence of virus variants or subpopulations. based on specificity of virulence-related cell receptor-binding and sialidase activities, this selection technique using human o group erythrocytes revealed the presence of variants within a standard virus sample with diversity for their hemaggl ... | 1994 | 8000335 |
| radioimmunoprecipitation and immunoblot studies of antibodies to rubella virus in patients with chronic liver disease. | patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (aicah) and some other chronic liver disorders often have very high titres of rubella hi antibodies. in the present study sera from 46 patients with chronic liver disease and controls were examined for rubella antibodies using radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) and western blot. ripa appeared to be more suitable than western blot for the study of the individual antibody specificities provided that proteins (possibly actin) interfering with the ... | 1994 | 8002792 |
| ablation of e2a in recombinant adenoviruses improves transgene persistence and decreases inflammatory response in mouse liver. | first-generation recombinant adenoviruses that lack e1 sequences have shown tremendous promise in animal and human models of gene therapy. important limitations of these vectors are that recombinant gene expression is transient and inflammation occurs at the site of gene transfer. our hypothesis for generating vectors with increased persistence is that present recombinant adenoviruses express viral proteins that stimulate cellular immune responses leading to destruction of the infected cells and ... | 1994 | 8016137 |
| comparison of novel synthetic peptide-based detect-rubella enzyme immunoassays with enzygnost and imx for detection of rubella-specific immunoglobulin g. | enzyme immunoassays (eias) using synthetic peptides sp-e1 and sp-e1e2 (detect-rubella [bio-chem]) were compared with two viral lysate-based eias (enzygnost [behring] and imx [abbott]) for the detection of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin g antibodies. sensitivities of 94.7, 100, 98.6, and 100% and specificities of 100, 97.4, 100, and 73.7% were found for the sp-e1, sp-e1e2, enzygnost, and imx eias, respectively. | 1994 | 8027318 |
| assembly of rubella virus structural proteins into virus-like particles in transfected cells. | we have developed a stably transfected cho cell line (cho24s) that expresses the three structural proteins of rubella virus (rv). rv proteins c (capsid), e2, and e1 are secreted from cho24s cells in the form of rv-like particles (rlps) which form by budding into the cisterna of the golgi complex. rlps resemble rv virions in their size and morphology and have an identical buoyant density when purified on sucrose gradients. release of rlps into the medium was found to be dependent upon the e1 cyto ... | 1994 | 8030223 |