Publications

ultrastructure of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor andersoni stiles and dermacentor variabilis (say).	cattle were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles and d variabilis (say) nymphs. anaplasma marginale was demonstrated by electron microscopy in gut tissues of replete nymphal ticks and in unfed, incubated, and feeding adult ticks that were exposed to the organism as nymphs when they fed on an infected cow. the a marginale organism in replete nymphs and adult feeding ticks were morphol ...	1980	7212430
demonstration of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor variabilis (say) by ferritin-conjugated antibody technique.	cattle were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor variabilis (say) nymphs. transstadial transmission of a marginale was demonstrated by feeding the newly molted adult ticks on susceptible cattle and by inoculation of gut homogenates collected from adult ticks at postattachment day 6. a similar gut homogenate from the same group of ticks was caused to react with a marginale-bovine antisera that had bee ...	1980	7212431
[incidence of strophulus arthropodicus, a skin disease caused by tick larvae].		1981	7220041
transmission of anaplasma marginale theiler by dermacentor andersoni stiles and dermacentor variabilis (say).	cattle were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles and d variabilis (say) nymphs. following a molt and subsequent feeding of adult ticks on susceptible cows, transstadial transmission of a marginale occurred from cattle with parasitemias ranging from undetectable (in a carrier cow) to a peak of 27% (in an acutely ill cow). homogenates of gut tissue from unfed, incubated, and feeding ad ...	1981	7224310
imidocarb: a chemoprophylactic experiment with babesia canis.	eight dogs, given imidocarb dipropionate subcutaneously at a dose of 6 mg/kg, were challenged with a sporozoite stabilate of a french strain of babesia canis, prepared from infected dermacentor reticulatus ticks, 2, 3, 4 or 5 weeks after treatment. three control dogs were similarly infected but not preventively treated. one of the controls and one of the dogs treated 5 weeks prior to challenge died of babesiosis. prepatent and incubation periods were similar in treated and control dogs, and all ...	1981	7268745
acquired resistance to ixodid ticks in laboratory animals.		1981	7268851
continuous cell lines from embryonic tissues of ticks (acari: ixodidae).	six new cell lines were established in continuous culture from embryonic tissues of ixodid ticks. four were from dermacentor variabilis and two from d. parumapertus. the cells are mostly fibroblastic and diploid. mosquito-borne viruses (chikungunya, o'nyong, yellow fever, and st. louis encephalitis) as well as tick-borne ones (langat, powassan, colorado tick fever, kemerovo, and sawgrass) replicated in certain of these cell lines, but a nonvector-borne flavivirus, modoc, did not. an underscribed ...	1981	7275139
bilateral gynandromorphism in dermacentor andersoni (acari: ixodidae): morphologic and cytogenetic analysis.		1981	7288835
[diagnosis of species of the genus dermacentor koch from central asia by the nymphal phase (ixodoidea, ixodidae)].	a key to nymphs to five species of dermacentor from central asia is given. to recognize differential characters laboratory nymph from the parents identified previously by the authors were reared. d. montanus and d. pavlovskyi are studied from one, d. reticulatus and d. niveus from two and d. marginatus from four geographical areas. the shape of scutal scapulae, structure of the anal valve, proportion and topography of peritremes, shape, size and number of scutal setae, shape of alloscutal and pl ...	1981	7290738
fine structure of the foveal glands and foveae dorsales of the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say).	the ultrastructure of the foveae dorsales and pheromone glands (foveal glands) of both feeding and unfed female dermacentor variabilis (say) was studied. each pore of the fovea contains a pore tube, with cells surrounding a lumen that can be opened or closed. each pore tube extends below the fovea and expands to form a cone-shaped ampulla, into which a duct of the foveal gland is inserted. each duct is lined with microvilli, except near its insertion into the ampulla where the lumen is lined wit ...	1981	7299576
passage of host serum components, including antibody, across the digestive tract of dermacentor variabilis (say).		1981	7299590
[q fever (author's transl)].	comparative analysis of two q fever epidemics in baden-württemberg demonstrated the following characteristics of this zoo-anthroponosis endemic in southern germany: 1. affected areas are situated along sheep tracks and natural concentrations of the dermacentor marginatus. 2. the disease spreads in waves. 3. it causes typical symptoms, particular an intense tension headache, and typical radiographic findings. men are more commonly and more severely affected than women. children are not affected d ...	1981	7307989
resistance and cross-resistance of guinea pigs to dermacentor andersoni stiles, d. variabilis (say), amblyomma americanum (linnaeus), and ixodes scapularis say.	the ability of guinea pigs to acquire resistance to dermacentor andersoni and amblyomma americanum was determined by repeatedly infesting separate sets of guinea pigs with tick larvae. resistance was measured in terms of reduced numbers successfully engorging and reduced weight of those ticks that engorged. an 83% reduction in numbers of larvae engorging and a 64.5% reduction in the weight of engorged larvae were seen between the first and second infestations with d. andersoni. guinea pigs exhib ...	1981	7328454
immediate and latent effects induced by the antiallatotropin precocene 2(p2) on embryonic dermacentor variabilis (say) (acari: ixodidae).	fumigation of eggs with the antiallatotropin precocene 2(p2) disrupted development late in embryogenesis in the american dog tick dermacentor variabilis. an age (time) gradient of responses in embryos was noted. subsequent developmental effects included partial failure of stadia to attach, feed, ecdyse and partial-to-complete sterility in adult females. no precocious metamorphosis or adultiformes were observed, but a change in sex ratio of surviving adults was noted. a subsequent application of ...	1981	7328466
tickborne viruses in western north america. iii. viruses from man-biting ticks (acari: ixodidae) in oregon.		1981	7334486
chemoprophylaxis of vector-borne anaplasmosis with sustained-release boluses.	sustained-release oxytetracycline boluses (20%) delivering 145 to 150 mg/bolus/day were administered to complement-fixation test-negative cattle at dosages of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mg/kg of body weight. subsequent challenge exposure of cattle with dermacentor andersoni stiles infected with anaplasma marginale theiler indicated that treatment with the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg prevented clinical anaplasmosis and that treatment with the dosage of 3.0 mg/kg prevented disease infection.	1981	7340579
rocky mountain spotted fever in clermont county, ohio. ii. distribution of population and infected ticks in an endemic area.	the epidemiology of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) in relation to the distribution of the human population and infected ticks has not been defined. a study was undertaken in clermont county, ohio, to describe the distribution of population in a highly endemic focus of rmsf and to determine the prevalence of ticks infected with rickettsiae of the spotted fever group. this area was compared to another area of similar size in the same county where the incidence of rmsf was much lower. the popu ...	1980	7352458
dermacentor variabilis: uncomplicated eyelid involvement.	ocular eyelid infestation of dermacentor variabilis, the american dog tick, occurred in a 34-year-old man who had been sleeping in an open-floored tent in an indiana field. the tick was mechanically removed with steady and firm pressure with cilia forceps, with care taken to remove all mouth structures. the involved eyelid area healed rapidly without ocular or systemic complications.	1980	7362510
a comparison of developmental dynamics of dermacentor reticulatus (fabr.) of different geographic origins and their affection by different microclimate.	developmental dynamics of d. reticulatus ticks of different geographic origins (ne poland and sw slovakia) were investigated and compared. a long-term field experiment was conducted in south moravia in the zone of thermophilic oak forest. ticks were studied in two different biotopes: in an open grassy area and in deciduous forest. differences between the tick populations collected in poland and slovakia were observed in the duration of developmental cycle and in the outcome of metamorphosis, dep ...	1980	7364348
host resistance to tick-borne pathogens by virtue of resistance to tick infestation.		1980	7377869
light and electron microscopic study on developmental stages of babesia canis within the gut of the tick dermacentor reticulatus.	the initial developmental stages of babesia canis within the gut of the vector tick, dermacentor reticulatus, were studied by means of light and electron microscopy. large quantities of varying "spiky-rayed" stages and few ovoid stages without any protrusions were observed after lysis of the engorged canine erythrocytes. the transformation of spherical erythrocytic stages into "spiky-rayed" forms was initiated inside the intact erythrocytes. the significance of all developmental stages in a hypo ...	1980	7391862
implications of tick size on the quantifications of engorgement in female dermacentor variabilis.	log-log plots of unfed and fed tick weight on corresponding values of the scutal index (si = scutal length x scutal width) show similar slopes for female d. variabilis from two laboratory populations. as derived from these plots, the relative engorgement state of a tick at any time during feeding can be expressed as the ratio of the cube roote of weight to the square root of the scutal index (res = w1/3 divided by si 1/2), where si serves as an independent measure of tick size. after feeding for ...	1980	7391869
[ixodid ticks and the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis. 2. the genera dermacentor and haemaphysalis].		1980	7393142
the role of cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus spp.) in the ecology of rickettsia rickettsii in the united states.	rocky mountain (sylvilagus nuttallii) and eastern (s. floridanus) cottontails were examined for their susceptibility to virulent and avirulent strains of the spotted fever agent, rickettsia rickettsii. both species of rabbits responded to inoculation of yolk sac suspensions containing 500 egg ld50 of either virulent or avirulent rickettsiae, with rickettsemias detectable as early as 3 days after inoculation and lasting up to 7 days. when fed upon by infected ticks, only one of three rocky mounta ...	1980	7406116
the ultrastructure of rickettsia slovaca in naturally infected females of the tick dermacentor marginatus.	the ultrastructure of rickettsia slovaca in naturally infected females of the tick dermacentor marginatus is similar to that of other members of the spotted fever group rickettsiae. r. slovaca was found to multiply in all organs, tissues and cells examined. it is primarily found free in the cytoplasm; occasionally it may also invade the cell nucleus. special attention was paid to the rickettsiae in the salivary gland. they multiply in all cells of the three acini types i-iii and also in the duct ...	1980	7406420
[cell structure of the intestinal epithelium as an index of the physiological age of ixodid ticks (ixodidae)].	as hystological studies of hungry image of dermacentor pictus herm. have shown changes in the cellular structure of the midgut epithelium and the decrease in its height (about 3 times) can serve as indicators of physiological age of the ticks. the structure transformation manifests itself in regular changes of the cells content of the midgut epithelium and numerical ratio between midgut cells of various types of different age. in new-born and young individuals digestive cells with haemoglobin do ...	1980	7422345
immunity to ticks.		1980	7435340
feeding of dermacentor reticulatus (fabr.) females depending on their age, origins and biotope of survival.	in dermacentor reticulatus (fabr., 1794) females originating from slovakia and poland the duration of feeding on host and its successful outcome depending on the age, origins of ticks and biotope of their survival was studied. in specimens older than a half year no influence of these factors on the duration of feeding was demonstrated. with increasing age the ability of full engorgement did no diminish. the data obtained indicate the possibility that a higher percentage of females of equal age e ...	1980	7450613
dermacentor andersoni: salivary gland proteins suppressing t-lymphocyte responses to concanavalin a in vitro.	salivary glands obtained from feeding adult female dermacentor andersoni (acari:ixodidae) were fractionated using differential centrifugation, detergents, centrifugal concentrators incorporating filter membranes with various molecular weight cutoffs, and preparative sds-page. a lymphocyte proliferation assay was used to evaluate the effects of salivary gland fractions on cona-induced blastogenesis of normal murine splenocytes. lipid, soluble, and detergent-soluble fractions were found to signifi ...	1995	7498423
[changes in the acaricidal properties of organophosphorus compounds under the influence of magnetic resonance treatment].	the authors demonstrate the possibility of enhancing pesticidal properties of some organophosphorus compounds by their single treatment for 40 min by pulsed magnetic field, 100 khz, 10-15 microt with 16 hz sinusoidal modulation. the treatment efficacy is up to 30 days.	1993	7518891
evidence of common and genus-specific epitopes on ornithodoros spp. tick (acari: argasidae) salivary proteins.	new zealand white rabbits were repeatedly infested with ornithodoros turicata (duges), ornithodoros talaje (guérin-méneville), and ornithodoros coriaceus (koch) at 2-wk intervals. blood samples were taken from each animal 10 d after each infestation and the titer of anti-tick antibody was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. subsequent cross-reactivity studies demonstrated that the antitick antisera nonspecifically bound to salivary gland extract proteins prepared from several other ...	1995	7544412
the effect of female body size on male mounting behaviour in dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni.	this study was undertaken to determine if body size of female ticks was an important factor in eliciting the mating behaviour of dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni males. dummy female ticks (dfts) representing varying sizes of feeding females were prepared from plastic beads. size of dft was shown to be important in determining both the time spent by males in contact with dfts and the extent of male mating response released. dermacentor variabilis males preferred the smaller-sized dft, wher ...	1995	7548936
mosquito sensitivity to a scorpion neurotoxin expressed using an infectious sindbis virus vector.	the scorpion, androctonus australis hector, produces an insect-specific toxin (aahit) encoded by the scotox gene. to assess the toxicity of aahit for mosquitoes, we have taken a novel approach to express the scotox gene in vivo. we have engineered a double subgenomic sindbis (dssin) virus that contains the scotox gene in the viral genome and intrathoracically inoculated the virus (te/3'2j/scotox) into mosquitoes (aedes aegypti, ae. triseriatus and culex pipiens), houseflies (musca domestica) and ...	1995	7551198
ixodes dammini as a potential vector of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.	little is known about the epidemiology and mode of transmission of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge). analyses of an engorged female ixodes dammini tick removed from an hge patient and 101 field-collected i. dammini and dermacentor variabilis from three wisconsin counties for borrelia burgdorferi and ehrlichia phagocytophila/ehrlichia equi dna revealed that the patient tick and 7 of 68 i. dammini ticks from washburn county collected in 1982 and 1991 were positive for ehrlichial ...	1995	7561173
seasonal activity of ixodid ticks on goats in northern greece.	ixodid ticks were collected at monthly intervals for 20 consecutive months from 25 goats of the local breed selected at random from a flock grazing permanently around a village in northern greece. three species of ixodid ticks were recovered, ixodes gibbosus, rhipicephalus bursa and dermacentor marginatus. i gibbosus was the most abundant and prevalent species. it was found on the animals from october to april, and its activity increased with lower mean temperatures and higher relative humiditie ...	1995	7571251
occurrence of borrelia spirochaetes in ticks (acari, ixodidae) collected in the forest areas in olsztyn province (north central poland).	in 1993, 2178 out of 3816 ixodes ricinus and 45 out of 82 dermacentor reticulatus collected from vegetation at 35 sites and removed from hunter-killed deer in olsztyn province (n. c. poland) were examined individually for the presence of borrelia spirochaetes. detection of spirochaetes was carried out by the routine indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) using polyclonal antibody anti-b. burgdorferi, strain 1 b 29. borreliae, presumably b. burgdorferi, were evident in 192 (11.5%) i. ricinus (ny ...	1993	7580351
tick paralysis in two llamas.	an 18-month-old sexually intact male llama and a 7-month-old female llama were examined because of weakness, lethargy, and recumbency. both had signs of ascending motor paralysis with minimal or no afferent sensory loss. tick paralysis was diagnosed on the basis of complete clinical recovery following removal of a single, attached and engorged female tick (dermacentor andersoni) from each llama. the male llama recovered within a few hours after removal of the tick, but recovery in the female lla ...	1995	7591950
[borrelia burgdorferi infection of ticks in some regions of poland].	ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus ticks were collected by flagging from the vegetation at five different locations in poland in may 1994. i. ricinus (n191) and d. reticulatus (n48), as well as 24 argas reflexus collected from katowice, kornie, szcyglice, urwitałt and zwierzyniec, were examined for the presence of borrelia spirochetes by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifa). borrelia were found in adult i. ricinus ticks at all 5 collection sites. nine out of 39 i. ricinus m ...	1994	7597184
targeting ticks for control of selected hemoparasitic diseases of cattle.	development in and transmission of hemoparasites by tick vectors are phenomena closely synchronized with the tick feeding cycle. in all known life cycles, initial infection of tick tissues occurs in midgut epithelial cells and transmission is effected as ticks feed after parasites have developed and multiplied in salivary glands. many factors reviewed affect development and transmission of hemoparasites by ticks including age of ticks, artificial temperature, climate and/or season, tick stage or ...	1995	7597779
recent developments in elucidating tick vector relationships for anaplasmosis and equine piroplasmosis.	this brief review focuses first on several epidemiologically relevant aspects of anaplasmosis, including: (1) the role of male ticks as intrastadial, biological vectors of anaplasma through interhost transfer; (2) the application of molecular diagnostic assays in assessing tick vector competence and evaluating the role of chronically infected carrier cattle as sources of anaplasma marginale infection in vector ticks; (3) opportunities provided by a recently developed in vitro tick feeding system ...	1995	7597797
reduced longevity of dermacentor variabilis and ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) molting from immatures fed on rattus norvegicus.	nymphal and adult dermacentor variabilis (say) molting from larvae and nymphs, respectively, that fed on a holtzman strain of rattus norvegicus demonstrated reduced longevity compared with those from immature stages that fed on albino laboratory mice, mus musculus. the decrease in survivorship did not appear to be caused by host-acquired resistance; lower feeding weights, longer feeding times, and reduced molting were not observed. in addition, reduced survivorship was not limited to ticks fed o ...	1995	7616512
review of the ixodid tick fauna (acari: ixodidae) of vietnam.	forty-eight species making up the tick fauna of vietnam (genera ixodes, ixodes, amblyomma, aponomma, haemaphysalis, dermacentor, hyalomma, nosomma, rhipicephalus, boophilus) are reviewed, including one genus and nine species that are new records for vietnam, as well as four species described by the author.	1995	7616517
diel activity of nymphal dermacentor occidentalis and ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) in relation to meteorological factors and host activity periods.	relation of diel activity and questing behavior of nymphal dermacentor occidentalis marx and ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls to meteorological factors was investigated in a shaded versus a sun-exposed outdoor arena. oak-woodland soil covered partially with leaf litter and small rocks, and 24 vertically oriented grass stems 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 cm tall were provided as substrate and potential questing sites. tick activity and weather conditions were monitored bihourly during 15 diel (24-h) ex ...	1995	7616519
effects of dermacentor andersoni (acari: ixodidae) salivary gland extracts on bos indicus and b. taurus lymphocytes and macrophages: in vitro cytokine elaboration and lymphocyte blastogenesis.	cattle and laboratory animal species-acquired resistance to tick infestation has an immunological basis involving antigen presenting cells, b-lymphocytes, t-lymphocytes, and cytokines. tick infestation has been shown to impair guinea pig antibody responses to a thymic-dependent antigen and in vitro responsiveness of lymphocytes to t-cell mitogens. tick salivary gland extracts inhibited in vitro proliferative responses of normal murine lymphocytes to the t-cell mitogen concanavalin a (con a) and ...	1995	7616525
immunocytochemical mapping of fmrfamide-like peptides in the argasid tick ornithodoros parkeri and the ixodid tick dermacentor variabilis.	fmrfamide-like immunoreactivity was studied in the argasid tick ornithodoros parkeri and the ixodid tick dermacentor variabilis using immunocytochemistry based on the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. fmrfamide-like immunoreactive cells are widely distributed in various regions of the tick synganglion including protocerebral, cheliceral, stomodeal, palpal, pedal i-iv, and opisthosomal regions in both species. however, there is one layer of immunoreactive cells located on the dorsal surface of th ...	1995	7621708
relative utilization of reptiles and rodents as hosts by immature ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in the coastal plain of north carolina, usa.	the interaction of immature black-legged ticks, ixodes scapularis, with reptiles and rodents was investigated in various woodland habitats in the coastal plain of north carolina. reptiles were sampled from april 1 to september 30, 1991. no ticks were found on 95 specimens representing 16 species of snakes. ticks were found on 54 (36.7%) of 147 lizards. i. scapularis was the only tick recovered from lizards. some lizards were collected in drift fence traps each month of the study except august. c ...	1993	7628223
localization of insulin-like immunoreactivity in the synganglion of nymphal and adult dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae).	immunocytochemical staining based on a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method showed neurosecretory cells (nsc) reactive to bovine insulin in five of 18 paraldehyde fuchsin-positive neurosecretory regions (nsr) in the synganglion of unfed adult dermacentor variabilis. this is the first report of a neuropeptide in an ixodid tick. the insulin-specific immunoreactive cells included the posterior medial group of the protocerebral center, posterior group of dorsal opisthosomal center, anterior lateral grou ...	1994	7628242
cholesteryl esters on the body surfaces of the camel tick, hyalomma dromedarii (koch, 1844) and the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806).	cholesteryl esters were found to constitute a major component of the lipids coating the body cuticle of females of the camel tick, hyalomma dromedarii and the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. one or more cholesteryl esters, alone or in combination, have been shown to serve as the mounting sex pheromone of several species of ixodid ticks. consequently, knowledge of these compounds is important for an understanding of the mating behavior of these ticks. based on thin layer chromatography, ...	1994	7628247
[parasitic horse ticks in italy. observations on their distribution and pathogenic role].	the following 13 species of ticks, belonging to ixodidae family, were recorded in italy on horse (equus caballus) since 1931: ixodes ricinus, i. gibbosus, haemaphysalis inermis, h. parva, h. punctata, h. sulcata, dermacentor marginatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, rh. bursa, rh. turanicus, hyalomma marginatum, hy. detritum, boophilus annulatus. the regional distribution and the role of the species in the transmission of pathogens are reported.	1994	7637997
[temporal distribution of ticks (acarina: ixodidae) in "macchia grande" park in manziana in the province of rome].	temporal distribution of tick species was studied in the woodland "macchia grande" of manziana in the province of rome, italy. a total of 2,494 ticks was collected by means of drag sampling during one year of survey (1993). among the species identified, ixodes ricinus (linnaeus, 1758) (95.9%) was the most abundant, followed by haemaphysalis inermis (birula, 1895) (2.2%), rhipicephalus bursa (canestrini e fanzago, 1877) (1.8%), dermacentor marginatus sulzer, 1776) (0.1%). i. ricinus was present d ...	1994	7638000
evaluation of ixodes scapularis, amblyomma americanum, and dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) from georgia as vectors of a florida strain of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.	the ability of three common tick species from georgia to maintain and transmit the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, was compared under laboratory conditions. a b. burgdorferi cotton rat isolate (mi-6) from florida was selected as a strain from the south, and the sh2-82 isolate from new york was used as a positive control. amblyomma americanum (l.) and dermacentor variabilis (say) did not transmit the mi-6 isolate from inoculated hamsters to naive laboratory mice, and nympha ...	1995	7650697
lower temperature limits for activity of several ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae): effects of body size and rate of temperature change.	uncoordinated activity threshold temperature, the temperature below which ticks can no longer seek a host in a coordinated manner, and the activity threshold temperature, when all activity ceases, were examined for three species of ticks found in coastal sections of new york. the mean uncoordinated activity threshold and activity threshold temperatures were determined for nymphal, female and male ixodes scapularis say, nymphal, female, and male amblyomma americanum (l.), and for female and male ...	1995	7650705
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting wild birds (aves) and white-footed mice in lyme, ct.	birds were captured and recaptured (20.8% of 5,297) with japanese mist nets, and white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus (rafinesque), were caught and recaught (69.1% of 355) with sherman box traps during the late spring, summer, and early fall from july 1989 through october 1991 to study tick-host relationships in lyme, ct. ixodes scapularis say, a vector of lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto johnson, schmid, hye, steigerwalt & brenner, infested 803 birds (15.2%) in 36 ...	1995	7650706
epidemiological aspects of equine babesioses in a herd of horses in brazil.	epidemiological studies of babesia equi and b. caballi were undertaken in a herd of 120 pastured horses in rio de janeiro, brazil. the area where the horses were held was shown to be highly endemic for both babesia spp., i.e. the prevalence of b. equi antibodies in horses aged 6 months or older ranged from 90.6% to 100% as determined by the immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) test, and the prevalence of b. caballi antibodies as determined by western blot ranged from 59.4% to 65.5%. from the herd, ...	1995	7676590
borrelia burgdorferi in eastern virginia: comparison between a coastal and inland locality.	in virginia, borrelia burgdorferi was more prevalent in a site along the atlantic ocean, near maryland, than in an inland site near williamsburg and yorktown. at the coastal site on assateague island, b. burgdorferi was isolated from 4.2% of 475 animals sampled, including four species of small mammals. serologic tests indicated that 25-37% of the small rodents assayed had been exposed to b. burgdorferi. immunofluorescence antibody assays specific for b. burgdorferi showed spirochete infection in ...	1995	7677212
[the typology of natural foci of tick-borne rickettsiosis].	the authors have developed a typological classification of tick-borne rickettsiosis foci by the type of the main carrier by identifying 6 major types out of which the dermacentor steppe and partially wooded steppe foci are most extensive and epidemiologically significant. they provide a spatial and functional characterization of the foci of this infection within the currently known rickettsia sibirica area, which is applicable to make epidemiological predictions and differential preventive measu ...	1994	7715555
granulocytic ehrlichiosis and meningitis in a dog.	a 4-year-old male mixed-breed dog from the sierra nevada mountains in california was referred because of epistaxis and signs of cervical pain. dermacentor variabilis ticks were found on the dog at the time of physical examination. clinicopathologic abnormalities included nonregenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, and rare intracytoplasmic morulae within circulating neutrophils. abnormalities of the csf included pleocytosis and intracytoplasmic morulae in approximately 9% of neutrophils. serum ant ...	1994	7730122
[rickettsia slovaca: an agent of the group of exanthematous fevers, in portugal].	identification of rickettsia isolated from dermacentor marginatus ticks from portugal.	1995	7779874
effect of temperature and humidity on egg hatch, moulting and longevity of larvae and nymphs of dermacentor reticulatus (ixodidae).	larvae of dermacentor reticulatus hatched at a temperature range of 20-34 degrees c, but a high egg hatch success of > 90% was only achieved at 20 degrees c and 27 degrees c and 100% r.h. the developmental capability of the eggs at low or freezing temperatures persisted up to 3 weeks at -10 degrees c and up to 8 weeks at 5 degrees c. the 50% mortality period of unfed larvae and nymphs increased with rising humidity and was longest at 5 degrees c and 100% r.h., amounting to 83.5 days for larvae a ...	1995	7780450
genomic identification of rickettsia slovaca among spotted fever group rickettsia isolates from dermacentor marginatus in armenia.	restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified genes was used for genomic identification of armenian isolates of the spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae with unclear taxonomic position. analysis was performed by using one genus-specific primer pair derived from r. prowazekii citrate synthase gene and two species-specific primer pairs derived from r. rickettsii genes for 190 k and 120 k antigens following alui, psti and rsai digestion of am ...	1994	7793355
ectoparasites of opossums and raccoons in southeastern georgia.	twelve species of ectoparasites (four fleas, three ticks, three chiggers, one macronyssid mite, and one atopomelid mite) were recovered from 42 opossums, didelphis virginiana kerr, live-trapped from september 1992 through april 1994 in southeastern georgia. the fleas, ctenocephalides felis (bouché) (prevalence = 19%) and polygenis gwyni (c. fox) (36%); the ticks, dermacentor variabilis (say) (40%) and ixodes scapularis say (19%); and the macronyssid mite, ornithonyssus wernecki (fonseca) (21%), ...	1994	7815408
evaluation of subcutaneous injection of local anesthetic agents as a method of tick removal.	the usefulness of subcutaneous injection of three local anesthetic agents to stimulate tick detachment in an animal model was evaluated. american dog ticks (dermacentor variabilis) were placed on three new zealand white rabbits and allowed to attach for 24 hours. dead and unattached ticks were manually removed. three local anesthetic agents were studied: 1% lidocaine (group a); 1% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 (group b); and 1% chloroprocaine (group c). for each group, a total of 0.25 ml ...	1995	7832945
molecular and biological characterization of a newly isolated anaplasma marginale strain.	anaplasma marginale, a rickettsial hemoparasite of cattle and other ruminants, results in significant economic losses worldwide. distinct strains of a. marginale have been identified based on differences in tick transmissibility, molecular size of surface proteins and dna restriction fragments, and reactivity to a panel of monoclonal antibodies. these different strains vary considerably in their virulence, antigenic composition, and ability to protect against heterologous challenge. in this pape ...	1994	7858023
genotypic evaluation of rickettsial isolates recovered from various species of ticks in portugal.	twelve rickettsial isolates, from rhipicephalus sanguineus, r. turanicus, dermacentor marginatus and hyalomma marginatus, were subjected to genotypic analysis. amplification of specific dna sequences, restriction endonuclease digestion of amplified dna products, and gel electrophoresis were used to identify specific dna fragment-banding patterns. five patterns were resolved. four were homologous with those of previously described rickettsial genotypes, r. conorii, r. slovaca, r. rhipicephali and ...	1995	7867736
dna typing of rickettsiae in naturally infected ticks using a polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism system.	we used the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr/rflp) rickettsial typing system of regnery and others to rapidly identify rickettsiae in naturally infected ticks. unlike previously described methods, our pcr assays type rickettsiae directly from tick tissues without first isolating the organisms. we collected 226 adult dermacentor andersoni ticks in the bitterroot mountains of western montana and analyzed them for possible rickettsial infection by hemolymph te ...	1994	7906924
genotypic and biological characteristics of non-identified strain of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated in crimea.	a strain of rickettsiae, designated crimea-108, was isolated from ticks dermacentor marginatus in the crimea in 1977. its immunobiological characteristics involve low pathogenicity for experimental animals, moderate infectivity for chick embryos, and antigenic relatedness to spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae (r. sibirica, r. conorii, r. akari), especially to r. sibirica. the genotypic characterization of the strain crimea-108 was carried out in comparison with sfg and typhus group rickettsia ...	1993	7912040
identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from dermacentor marginatus and ixodes ricinus ticks collected in switzerland.	when 155 ticks collected in different regions of switzerland were tested by the hemolymph test, 10.3% were found to contain spotted fever group rickettsiae. six rickettsial isolates were made from dermacentor marginatus ticks and three were made from ixodes ricinus ticks. the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed that the dermacentor ticks were infected with rickettsia length polymorphism analysis showed that the dermacentor ticks were inf ...	1994	7915498
prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in host-seeking ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a lyme disease endemic area in northern michigan.	the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner, was recovered from the guts of questing ixodes scapularis say adults and nymphs and adult dermacentor variabilis (say), collected in menominee county, michigan, in 1992. spirochetes were cultured successfully from guts placed in modified barbour-stoenner-kelly ii medium held in 5-ml cultures tubes or in 0.3-ml wells of microtiter plates. most isolates were recovered within 2 wk of culturing at an incu ...	1994	7932597
erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, serotype 17, septicemia in moose (alces alces) from algonquin park, ontario.	erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septicemia was diagnosed in three of four moose found dead in algonquin provincial park, ontario, canada, in the spring of 1989. type 17 e. rhusiopathiae was isolated from liver, lung, kidney, and lymph nodes of affected animals, which were in poor body condition, and suffering hair loss associated with tick (dermacentor albipictus) infestations. microscopic lesions consisted of mild, multifocal, necrotizing myocarditis, sarcocystosis, and lymph node atrophy. the bac ...	1994	7933291
evidence supporting the presence of borrelia burgdorferi in missouri.	although lyme disease is commonly seen in the southcentral united states, the epidemiology of the disease is poorly defined there. the purpose of this study was to document the presence of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks collected in southeastern missouri and around the city of st. louis. spirochetes were detected and identified as b. burgdorferi by immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) tests using the monoclonal antibody h5332 in 1.9% of amblyomma americanum and 2.0% of dermacentor variabilis ticks co ...	1994	7943575
cytauxzoonosis in cats: eight cases (1985-1992).	cytauxzoonosis is a rapidly and highly fatal disease in cats that is caused by the protozoan cytauxzoon felis, which may be transmitted by ixodid ticks (dermacentor variabilis) from parasitemic bobcats (lynx rufus). during an 8-year period, cytauxzoonosis was diagnosed in 8 cats, 7 cats within 14 months. risk factors for these cats were warm weather, access to a wooded environment, and exposure to ticks. the most consistent clinical signs were acute lethargy, anorexia, decreased response to exte ...	1994	7961073
marking dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) with rubidium.	studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of marking dermacentor variabilis (say) with the alkali metal rubidium (rb) by feeding larvae on mice that were injected with rubidium chloride (rbcl). newly molted nymphs that fed as larvae for 2 to 5 d on rbcl-injected mice contained approximately 660 parts per billion (ppb) of rb, whereas nymphs that had fed for 6 to 10 d as larvae on rbcl-injected mice contained 419 ppb of rb. nymphs that fed as larvae on control mice contained approximatel ...	1994	7966167
parasitic arthropods of white-footed mice at mcclintic wildlife station, west virginia.	seven species of parasitic arthropods (one sucking louse, one bot, 2 fleas, one tick, and 2 mites) were recovered from 81 white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, live-trapped on the grounds of the mcclintic wildlife station, mason county, wv, from march through november 1990. the most commonly collected arthropods were the fleas orchopeas leucopus (89 specimens) and epitedia wenmanni (23), and the tick dermacentor variabilis (38). sex ratios for both flea species were female biased; 1.8:1.0 for ...	1994	8014620
use of partially engorged female ticks as laboratory animals in microbiological research.	partially engorged female ticks were used as laboratory animals in microbiological research. the ticks, which were inoculated intracoelomally, became a convenient substrate for the detection of viruses, rickettsiae and protozoal parasites. this research concerned the isolation of newly recovered micro-organisms, the study of development, structure and distribution of microbial agents in ticks, and the study of their interaction with other pathogens or symbionts during mixed infection in a tick b ...	1994	8025326
salivary gland extracts of partially fed dermacentor reticulatus ticks decrease natural killer cell activity in vitro.	the salivary glands and saliva of ticks (arachnida, acari, ixodida) play a vital role in blood feeding, including manipulation of the host's immune response to tick infestation. furthermore, a diverse number of tick-borne pathogens are transmitted to vertebrate hosts via tick saliva. a factor synthesized in the salivary glands of feeding ticks potentiates the transmission of certain tick-borne viruses. we show that salivary gland extracts (sge) derived from dermacentor reticulatus female ticks f ...	1994	8045588
vector competence of ixodes pacificus and dermacentor occidentalis (acari: ixodidae) for various isolates of lyme disease spirochetes.	the vector competence of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls, and the pacific coast tick, dermacentor occidentalis marx, for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner) was compared. rabbits, hamsters, and the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus (wagner), were injected with cultured spirochetes or infected tick-suspensions, or were fed upon by spirochete-infected ticks. five of seven isolates used as inocula were reiso ...	1994	8057316
ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from small and medium-sized kansas mammals.	seven species of hard-bodied ticks were collected from 20 species of small and medium-sized mammals in kansas; amblyomma americanum l., dermacentor variabilis (say), haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), ixodes cookei packard, i. kingi bishopp, i. sculptus neumann, and i. texanus banks. dermacentor variabilis was found statewide, a. americanum only in the eastern one-third of the state, and the ixodes spp. and h. leporispalustris were widely scattered. the most common tick found was d. varia ...	1994	8057327
evidence of a myoepithelial cell in tick salivary glands.	type iii acini from feeding female dermacentor variabilis varied in size during in vitro and in vivo fluid production. as the type iii acinus enlarged, its lumen enlarged and the adlumenal cell became thinner. as the acinus contracted, its lumen became smaller while the adlumenal cell became wider. actin was demonstrated in salivary glands using an immunoblot technique. actin was localized in the adlumenal cells of type iii acini with fluorescent microscopy using rhodamine-phalloidin and with el ...	1994	8082985
fluid secretion by isolated tick salivary glands dependent on an intact cytoskeleton.	isolated salivary glands from female dermacentor variabilis (say) were pre-treated with either cytochalasin d or nocodazol, followed by stimulation with dopamine. glands pre-treated with 1 microm-cytochalasin d did not secrete fluid; pre-treatment with 1 nm-cytochalasin d did not significantly reduce fluid secretion. glands pre-treated with 1 microm-nocodazol had a significant reduction in fluid secretion (p = 0.003); 1 nm-nocodazol did not significantly affect fluid secretion. ligation of the m ...	1994	8082986
genotypic and antigenic identification of two new strains of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from china.	four isolates of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from ticks in china were compared with all known species and strains of spotted fever group rickettsiae by immunofluorescence assay, dna polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and western immunoblot. the chinese isolates belonged to three types, including a novel serotype which has not been described before. one isolat ...	1993	8093253
first isolation of rickettsia slovaca from dermacentor marginatus in france.	three rickettsial strains isolated from dermacentor marginatus ticks in southern france in 1991 were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western blotting with polyclonal mouse antisera, microimmunofluorescence serologic typing, and the polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. by these methods, the isolates appear to be identical to the spotted fever group rickettsia, rickettsia slovaca, which has so far b ...	1993	8095380
persistence of tick-derived anaplasma marginale in cultured bovine turbinate and endothelial cells.	anaplasma marginale from salivary glands of dermacentor andersoni was used to inoculate monolayers of bovine turbinate and endothelial cells. monolayers were passaged at 2 or 4 week intervals and monitored with light and electron microscopy and with an a. marginale-specific dna probe. intracellular inclusions were observed in turbinate cells after 2-4 weeks. the number of inclusion-bearing cells increased over 1-2 weeks and gradually disappeared. a radiolabeled fragment from within the msp1 beta ...	1993	8134656
antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay: a comparison with other methods for the detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks.	to evaluate the prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae along the adriatic coast of croatia, 832 ticks were examined by hemolymph test, direct immunofluorescence, antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction. very good agreement was observed among direct immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction, and antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay. twelve ticks that were positive by hemolymph test and negative by both direct immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction pres ...	1994	8147495
first isolation of a rickettsia closely related to japanese spotted fever pathogen from a tick in japan.	in may 1993, we collected unfed ticks in anan, tokushima prefecture, shikoku district, japan, a highly endemic area of japanese spotted fever (jsf). we isolated jsf rickettsiae from these ticks by inoculating tick-emulsions into l-929 cells. of the four genera and seven species of ticks examined, only one larva of dermacentor taiwanensis sugimoto yielded a rickettsial isolate. the isolate (dt-1 strain) was found to belong to the serotype common to the causative agent of jsf. this was based on it ...	1994	8189407
geographical distribution, host associations, and vector roles of ticks (acari: ixodidae, argasidae) in sweden.	this review covers the geographic distribution and host relationships of the tick species in sweden. ixodes uriae white, i. caledonicus nuttall, i. unicavatus neumann, i. arboricola schulze & schlottke, and i. lividus koch are ornithophagous species. i. trianguliceps birula, i. canisuga johnston, i. hexagonus leach, and argas vespertilionis (latreille) are mammalophagous. i. ricinus (l.) and haemaphysalis punctata canestrini & fanzago feed on both birds and mammals. all these tick species may be ...	1994	8189415
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting medium-sized wild mammals in southwestern tennessee.	seven species of ixodid ticks (n = 2,661) were found on medium-sized wild mammals (n = 295) during a 13-mo study in shelby county, tennessee. the seven tick species collected were dermacentor variabilis (say), amblyomma americanum (l.), rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille), ixodes texanus (banks), i. cookei (packard), i. scapularis (say), and haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard). the raccoon had the greatest tick species diversity in all of the aforementioned ticks except h. leporispalustris ...	1993	8254637
[vectors of borrelia burgdorferi].	during the period 1990-1992-5,915 ticks were collected and identified in the area of belgrade. identification has shown that 99.8% were ixodes ricinus and 0.2% dermacentor marginatus. infection with borrelia burgdorferi was found in 27.0% to 31.7%. females were more often infected than males and nymphs more often than larvae. tick infection was at lowest degree in parks, little bit higher in woods and highest in mixed park-wood areas. out of 28 locations, six can not be defined as foci of lyme b ...	1993	8262425
[distribution of ixodes ricinus ticks in yugoslavia].	in this paper the authors present distribution of tick ixodes ricinus in both republics of yugoslavia--serbia and montenegro. the ticks were collected from domestic animals and humans sporadically. the determination showed following species: ixodes ricinus, i. persulcatus, i. hexagonus, dermacentor marginatus, d. pictus, rhipicephalus bursa, r. sanguineus, haemaphysalis punctata, h. inermis, h. sulcata, h. leporis-palustriis, h. concinna, boophilus (margaporus) calcaratus, hyalomma savignyi, h. ...	1993	8262430
acquired resistance of guinea pigs to dermacentor andersoni mediated by humoral factors.	humoral and cell-mediated immune resistance to tick infestation has been documented in many host-parasite relationships. this study examines passive transfer of resistance to dermacentor andersoni expressed by recipients of serum pools derived from guinea pigs that had acquired resistance through experimental infestation. recipients of sera from high titer adult-infested animals expressed resistance evidenced by reduced engorgement weights, histological changes at tick attachment sites, and tick ...	1993	8277384
dermacentor rhinocerinus (denny 1843) (acari: ixodida: ixodidae): redescription of the male, female and nymph and first description of the larva.	presented is a diagnosis of the male, female and nymph of dermacentor rhinocerinus, and the 1st description of the larval stage. adult dermacentor rhinocerinus parasitize both the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis, and the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum. although various other large mammals have been recorded as hosts for d. rhinocerinus, only the 2 species of rhinoceros are primary hosts for adults in various areas of east, central and southern africa. adults collected from vegetation i ...	1993	8332318
amblyomma americanum: a potential vector of human ehrlichiosis.	polymerase chain reaction primers specific for ehrlichia chaffeensis were used to amplify dna from extracts of pooled ticks. amplification was performed on extracts from 140 pools (1,579 total ticks) consisting of three tick genera collected from five states. the characteristic 389-basepair product was observed after amplification of extracts from seven different pools of adult amblyomma americanum (117 pools, 1,462 ticks), but not from pools of nymphs. no specific product was observed after amp ...	1993	8357086
detection of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) in hemolymph of dermacentor andersoni (acari: ixodidae) with the polymerase chain reaction.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect anaplasma marginale in hemolymph collected from live dermacentor andersoni stiles ticks. hemolymph was collected from severed legs of male and female ticks exposed to a. marginale as either nymphs or adults. heat treatment was found to be the optimum method of hemolymph preparation for pcr. hemolymph samples were collected and pooled from adult ticks exposed as nymphs on days 0-10 of feeding on a susceptible calf. for male and female ticks e ...	1993	8360902
detection of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) in secretagogue-induced oral secretions of dermacentor andersoni (acari: ixodidae) with the polymerase chain reaction.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect anaplasma marginale in secretagogue-induced oral secretions of male and female dermacentor andersoni stiles exposed as nymphs or adults by feeding on infected calves. a 409-bp dna fragment derived from the a. marginale (florida isolate) msp1 beta gene was amplified with oligonucleotide primers bap-2 (5'-gtatggcacgtagtcttgggatca-3') and al34s (5'-cagcagcagcaagaccttca-3'). the target dna was amplified in oral secretions of female ticks exposed ...	1993	8360903
extension of the range of dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) in pennsylvania.	the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say), until recently was recorded only from the southeastern and southwestern counties of pennsylvania. since 1968, this species has expanded its range and is reported from 63 of pennsylvania's 67 counties. this range extension is a matter of concern to the medical community and to physicians throughout pennsylvania, particularly those with practices in areas where this tick was previously unknown and who may not be familiar with the symptoms of roc ...	1993	8360904
impact of persistent anaplasma marginale rickettsemia on tick infection and transmission.	anaplasma marginale, an intraerythrocytic rickettsia of cattle, is transmitted biologically by ticks. because of the brevity of acute a. marginale infection, transmission may rely on the tick's ability to acquire the organism from persistently infected cattle with low rickettsemia levels. by using a nucleic acid probe to quantitate low-level infection, we found that rickettsemia levels in persistently infected cattle fluctuated at approximately 5-week intervals during a 24-week period, from < 10 ...	1993	8370734
entomologic and demographic correlates of anti-tick saliva antibody in a prospective study of tick bite subjects in westchester county, new york.	we measured anti-tick saliva antibody (atsa) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using whole sonicated ixodes dammini salivary glands as antigen in subjects with 1) a recent and confirmed i. dammini (n = 100) or dermacentor variabilis bite (n = 3), 2) erythema migrans (n = 15), 3) late-stage lyme disease (n = 4), and 4) normal controls without a history of tick bites (n = 5). tick bite subjects had three atsa determinations over approximately six weeks. on the first atsa measurement at a mean + ...	1993	8427388
development of anaplasma marginale in salivary glands of male dermacentor andersoni.	development of the rickettsia, anaplasma marginale, in salivary glands of male dermacentor andersoni exposed as nymphs or adult ticks, was studied indirectly by inoculation of susceptible calves with homogenates and directly by examination, using light microscopy and a dna probe; some unfed ticks were incubated before tissues were collected. salivary gland homogenates made from ticks in every treatment group caused anaplasmosis when injected into susceptible calves; prepatent periods decreased a ...	1993	8427453
ecology of porcupines (erethizon dorsatum) and colorado tick fever virus in rocky mountain national park, 1975-1977.	the involvement of porcupines, erethizon dorsatum (l.), in the ecology of colorado tick fever (ctf) virus in rocky mountain national park was investigated from 1975 to 1977. porcupine dens and feeding activity were found mostly on rocky knolls or on south-facing slopes within open stands of the montane coniferous forest, and 20 adult porcupines were trapped or captured by hand at those locations. an average of 24.6 +/- 5.4 adult dermacentor andersoni stiles ticks were found per animal (annual ra ...	1993	8433332
prevalence of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, in deer ticks (ixodes dammini) collected from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in saint croix state park, minnesota.	during a special two-day hunt (11, 12 november 1989) in saint croix state park, minnesota (usa), one side of the neck for each of 146 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) was examined for ticks. of the 5,442 ticks collected, 90% (4,893) were the winter tick, dermacentor albipictus, and 10% (549) were the deer tick, ixodes dammini, the primary vector of the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi. adult males had the greatest frequency of infestation of either d. albipictus (1 ...	1993	8445791
parasitic arthropods of sympatric opossums, cotton rats, and cotton mice from merritt island, florida.	six species of parasitic arthropods were collected from 12 opossums (didelphis virginiana), 8 species were obtained from 28 cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus), and 4 species were collected from 10 cotton mice (peromyscus gossypinus) from merritt island, brevard county, florida. the flea polygenis gwyni was the only parasite that infested all 3 host species, and it was present in very high densities (mean intensity = 73.7) on the opossums. the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis, and the tropi ...	1993	8459341