Publications

development of a one tube-one step rt-pcr protocol for the detection of seven viroids in four genera: apscaviroid, hostuviroid, pelamoviroid and pospiviroid.	a one tube-one step rt-pcr was developed for the detection of seven viroids (apple scar skin viroid, apple dimple fruit viroid, pear blister canker viroid, hop stunt viroid, chrysanthemum stunt viroid, citrus exocortis viroid and peach latent mosaic viroid) in four genera that infect eight plant species. the efficiency and specificity of this method were optimized by the use of moloney-murine leukemia virus (m-mlv) reverse-transcriptase and hotstartaq dna polymerase which allowed increase sensit ...	2004	15350729
expression of ripening-related genes in prickly pear (opuntia sp.) fruits.	to throw light on the expression of ripening-related genes in prickly pear (opuntia sp.) fruits and on the possible role of the gaseous hormone ethylene in nonclimacteric fruit ripening, cdna fragments that showed high homologies with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) synthase and acc oxidase cdnas from other plants were cloned and partially characterized. thus, the corresponding genes were accordingly named opaccs-1 and opacco-1, after opuntia acc synthase-1 and opuntia acc oxidase-1, res ...	2003	15354791
[gorham-stout disease: report of a case affecting the right hand with a follow-up of 24 years].	gorham-stout disease is a rare idiopathic syndrome with distinctive clinical, pathologic and radiologic features. it is a variant form of osseus angiomatosis associated with massive osteolysis of bone. usually appearing after trauma, the disease is described to occur at any age. especially in case of thoracic involvement (chylothorax), lethal outcomes are reported. in medline, about 200 cases have been described. a patient with osteolysis of the right hand following contusion at the age of two y ...	2004	15368153
determination of key odorant compounds in freshly distilled cognac using gc-o, gc-ms, and sensory evaluation.	this aim of this work was to identify the odorant compounds responsible for the typical sensory descriptors attributed to freshly distilled cognac spirits, not matured in barrels. panelists were first selected and trained for gas chromatography-olfactometry. among the 150 volatile compounds identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, only 34 are mainly responsible for the odors detected in the spirits. the "butter" descriptor is explained by the presence of diacetyl, the "hay" d ...	2004	15373408
expression of viral eps-depolymerase reduces fire blight susceptibility in transgenic pear.	erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight of maloideae. one of the main pathogenicity factors of this bacterium is the exopolysaccharide (eps) of its capsule. in this paper, we used genetic transformation tools to constitutively express an eps-depolymerase transgene in the pear (pyrus communis l.) cv. passe crassane with the aim of decreasing its high susceptibility to fire blight. expression of the depolymerase gene in 15 independent transgenic clones led, on average, to low depolyme ...	2005	15375629
identification of caveolae and their signature proteins caveolin 1 and 2 in the lens.	this study shows that caveolae are present in lens epithelia of rabbit and guinea pig under normal conditions. caveolae are unique lipid membrane microdomains observed in many cell types. they are believed to play crucial roles in a variety of basic physiological functions including signal transduction, lipid and transcellular transport. using tem, immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting we show for the first time the existence of caveolae and the co-localization of their signature marker integra ...	2004	15381033
irradiation disinfestation of apple maggot (diptera: tephritidae) in hypoxic and low-temperature storage.	apple maggot, rhagoletis pomonella (walsh), is a quarantine pest of apples, malus domestica borkhausen, and pears, pyrus communis l., shipped from much of the united states and canada. as such, these fruits shipped from infested areas to uninfested areas must undergo a quarantine disinfestation treatment. the objective of this research was to develop irradiation quarantine treatments against apple maggot considering that fruit hosts may be stored under hypoxic or cold conditions when they are ir ...	2004	15384333
effects of culture media and environmental factors on mycelial growth and pycnidial production of potebniamyces pyri.	potebniamyces pyri (anamorph phacidiopycnis piri) is the causal agent of phacidiopycnis rot of apples and pears. the disease has recently been recognized in pears in the usa. little information on the basic biology of the fungus is available. in this paper, we report the effects of culture media, temperature, water potential and ph on mycelial growth, and the effects of media and light on pycnidia production. prune juice agar was the best for rapid mycelial growth. pear juice agar, apple juice a ...	2004	15449598
response of organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen to long-term grazing of the shortgrass steppe.	we investigated the influence of long-term (56 years) grazing on organic and inorganic carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) contents of the plant-soil system (to 90 cm depth) in shortgrass steppe of northeastern colorado. grazing treatments included continuous season-long (may-october) grazing by yearling heifers at heavy (60-75% utilization) and light (20-35% utilization) stocking rates, and nongrazed exclosures. the heavy stocking rate resulted in a plant community that was dominated (75% of biomass pr ...	2004	15453402
cytoarchitecture of the normal rat olfactory epithelium: light and scanning electron microscopic studies.	the three-dimensional cytoarchitecture of the normal rat olfactory epithelium was examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem) of koh digested tissues as well as by light and transmission electron microscopy of plastic sections. observations specimens from the lateral side of the olfactory epithelium allowed identification of four cell types by their surface structure: olfactory neurons, supporting cells, basal cells, and duct cells of the bowman's gland. the olfactory neurons were characteriz ...	2004	15468955
the spinal trigeminal nucleus--considerations on the structure of the nucleus caudalis.	the caudal part (nucleus caudalis) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus is considered to be the site of the second order neurons of the nociceptive pathways of the face. recent studies have supported the co-participation in these circuits of the oral part of the same nucleus (nucleus oralis). the aims of the present study are: 1) to determine the morphology of the nucleus caudalis in human preparates; 2) to consider whether there is any structural basis for the pathways of signal transmission observ ...	2004	15478109
low temperature, but not photoperiod, controls growth cessation and dormancy induction and release in apple and pear.	in contrast to most temperate woody species, apple and pear and some other woody species of the rosaceae family are insensitive to photoperiod, and no alternative environmental seasonal signal is known to control their dormancy. we studied growth and dormancy induction in micropropagated plants of four apple (malus pumila mill.) and one pear (pyrus communis l.) commercial rootstock cultivars in controlled environments. the results confirm that growth cessation and dormancy induction in apple and ...	2005	15519992
nucleotide sequences of a korean isolate of apple stem grooving virus associated with black necrotic leaf spot disease on pear (pyrus pyrifolia).	pear black necrotic leaf spot (pbnls) is a disease of pears caused by capillovirus-like particles, which can be observed under the electron microscope. the disease was analyzed by western blot analysis with antisera raised against apple stem grooving virus (asgv) coat protein. cdnas covering the entire genome were synthesized by rt-pcr and race using rna isolated from chenopodium quinoa infected with sap extracted from pear leaves carrying black necrotic spot disease. the complete genome sequenc ...	2004	15528995
attitudes and beliefs among mexican americans about type 2 diabetes.	hispanics in the united states have a disproportionately high risk for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) compared with non-hispanic whites. little is known of the attitudes and beliefs about diabetes in this group. using data from six focus groups of 42 mexican americans (14 men and 28 women), we characterized perceptions about the causes of and treatments for type 2 diabetes. many participants believed diabetes is caused by having a family history of the disease, eating ...	2004	15531816
correction of facial deformity using a red iii device in a patient with antley-bixler syndrome.	antley-bixler syndrome was first described in 1975 and to date at least 44 cases have been reported. in addition to brachycephaly, this syndrome is associated with midface hypoplasia, bilateral radiohumeral synostosis, multiple joint contractures, long bone fractures, dysplastic ears, "pear shaped" nose, and occasionally urogenital or cardiac defects. the authors report a case in a 23-year-old man with severe midface deficiency treated using distraction osteogenesis. a modified le fort iii osteo ...	2004	15547402
development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the fungicide fenarimol.	to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the fungicide fenarimol, two synthesized haptens, haptens-1 and -2, and the purchased 4,4'-dda were conjugated to carrier proteins (bsa, klh, and ova). polyclonal antibodies raised against hapten-1,2-klh conjugates in rabbits and the coating antigens of hapten-1,2-bsa conjugates, hapten-2-ova conjugate, and 4,4'-dda-bsa conjugate were screened and selected for the homologous and/or heterologous elisa formats. two competitive indirect elisas wer ...	2004	15563196
evaluation of various species demarcation criteria in attempts to classify ten new tombusvirus isolates.	the usefulness of various suggested species demarcation criteria was compared in attempts to determine the taxonomic status of ten new tombusvirus isolates. five of them (lim 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) were obtained from different sources of commercially grown statice (limonium sinuatum), two (gyp 1 and 2) from different sources of commercially grown gypsophila paniculata and three from water samples, i.e. from a small river (schunter) in northern germany, from a brook (near dossenheim) in southern germa ...	2004	15593416
occurrence and significance of cryptococcus neoformans in vegetables and fruits.	cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from three of 437 (0.6%) samples of a wide variety of vegetables collected from a number of markets in delhi. the vegetables yielding c. neoformans were tomato, lycopersicon esculentum (1/70), 'vegetable sponge', luffa cylindrica (1/56) and brinjal, solanum melongena (1/55). only solitary samples of these three vegetables were found to be positive. in vitro studies at 25 degrees c revealed that a reference c. neoformans isolate readily colonized, as did candi ...	2000	15597680
the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora produces acyl-homoserine lactone signal molecules in vitro and in planta.	we report for the first time the production of acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) by erwina amylovora, an important quarantine bacterial pathogen that causes fire blight in plants. e. amylovora produces one n-acyl homoserine lactone [a n-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-homoserine lactone or a n-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-homoserine lactone] quorum sensing signal molecule both in vitro and in planta (pear plant). given the involvement of ahls in plant pathogenesis, we speculate that ahl-dependent quorum sensing could pl ...	2004	15598530
[osmolality of frequently consumed beverages].	the objective of this work was to determine the osmolality of beverages frequently consumed by children and adolescents due to the scarce information available in our country. the samples were grouped as follows: milks; refreshments; beverages based on fruits, vegetables, cereals, and tubers; sport drinks; energizing drinks; oral rehydrating solutions; reconstituted drinks and infusions. a vapor pressure digital osmometer was used, five samples of each beverage from different lots were analyzed. ...	2004	15602899
[relationship between breaking of dormancy and reactive oxygen species metabolism in flower buds of pear].	the metabolism of reactive oxygen species in pear (pyrus bretschneideri rehd.) flower buds changes greatly during their natural dormancy in winter. the o(-.)(2) production rate increases rapidly during the period of dormancy, but decreases when dormancy finishes (fig. 5). h(2)o(2) content goes up significantly at the early stage of dormancy, but afterwards falls gradually (fig. 5). however, ascorbic acid (asa) and reduced glutathione (gsh) contents show a different changing trend: descending at ...	2004	15643086
gorham-stout disease--stabilization during bisphosphonate treatment.	a 45-year-old woman presented with recent onset of left-sided chest pain. on clinical examination, these symptoms seemed to be strictly localized to a region that was marked by a long-standing cutaneous erythematous lesion. laboratory results showed no gross abnormalities. radiological imaging including conventional x-ray, mri scans, and 3d ct reconstruction of the rib cage revealed circumscript destruction of the left lateral ribs 9-11. histological analysis of a rib biopsy showed angiomatous h ...	2005	15647829
alpha-gustducin immunoreactivity in the airways.	the g-protein subunit alpha-gustducin is a marker of chemoreceptive cells. in the present study, we examined the immunohistochemical localization of alpha-gustducin in rat airway epithelium both by light and electron microscopy. alpha-gustducin immunoreactivity was found in solitary cells that presented ultrastructural features of chemoreceptor cells, i.e. flask-shaped or pear-shaped, with an apical process with thin microvilli protruding into the lumen. the immunostaining was mainly concentrate ...	2004	15654652
partitioning of (13)c-photosynthate from spur leaves during fruit growth of three japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia) cultivars differing in maturation date.	in fruit crops, fruit size at harvest is an important aspect of quality. with japanese pears (pyrus pyrifolia), later maturing cultivars usually have larger fruits than earlier maturing cultivars. it is considered that the supply of photosynthate during fruit development is a critical determinant of size. to assess the interaction of assimilate supply and early/late maturity of cultivars and its effect on final fruit size, the pattern of carbon assimilate partitioning from spur leaves (source) t ...	2005	15655106
color, betalain pattern, and antioxidant properties of cactus pear (opuntia spp.) clones.	total phenolics, ascorbic acid, and betalain contents of differently colored cactus pear clones (nine opuntia ficus-indica [l.] mill. clones and one o. robusta wendl. clone) were investigated and related to their respective antioxidant potential assessed by trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (teac) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) assays. teac and orac values were very highly correlated with each other and also with values for total phenolics, betalain contents, and ascorbic aci ...	2005	15656686
what do herbalists suggest to diabetic patients in order to improve glycemic control? evaluation of scientific evidence and potential risks.	in the course of 12 continuing education seminars given in different regions of italy in 2001, we distributed a questionnaire to all the attending herbalists asking information about the herbal remedy and dietary supplement they mainly recommended to subjects who required a "natural" treatment to control glycemia. we distributed 720 questionnaires and we received 685 completed ones. we have compiled a short review on the efficacy and safety of the 10 most frequently advised products for each cat ...	2004	15666575
rainfastness of a microencapsulated sex pheromone formulation for codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae).	the rainfastness of a microencapsulated sex pheromone formulation for codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), was evaluated in a series of laboratory experiments with detached apple, pear, and walnut leaves. increasing the intensity and duration of simulated rainfall significantly increased the removal of microcapsules from both the top and bottom of apple leaves. the removal of microcapsules was significantly higher from the top versus the bottom of leaves at all rates tested. leaf angle was a sign ...	2004	15666755
gorham disease of the spine: a case report and treatment strategies for this enigmatic bone disease.	gorham disease is an extremely rare condition of unknown etiology characterized by progressive osteolysis. only 28 cases of its spinal involvement have been reported, and some of those cases showed kyphosis, kyphoscoliosis, subluxation or dislocation. no definite regimen of treatment has been established yet. a 10-year-old boy presented with a severe and progressive kyphosis over 90 degrees caused by gorham disease from t3 to t12. in situ posterior fusion with a hook and rod system and iliac bon ...	2005	15673977
small-angle x-ray scattering reveals the solution structure of the full-length dna gyrase a subunit.	dna gyrase is the topoisomerase uniquely able to actively introduce negative supercoils into dna. vital in all bacteria, but absent in humans, this enzyme is a successful target for antibacterial drugs. from biophysical experiments in solution, we report the low-resolution structure of the full-length a subunit (gyra). analytical ultracentrifugation shows that gyra is dimeric, but nonglobular. ab initio modeling from small-angle x-ray scattering allows us to retrieve the molecular envelope of gy ...	2005	15698572
development of an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for pear (pyrus communis l.) with leaf-section and axillary shoot-meristem explants.	we have developed a new agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for the low-frequency-regenerating pear (pyrus communis l.) cvs. silver bell and la france. leaf sections derived from in vitro shoots were initially used for the transformation procedure. under optimum transformation conditions, which included culture and selection on 30 mg/l kanamycin (km) combined with 500 mg/l sulbenicillin, a 3.2% transformation efficiency was obtained for cv. silver bell, but no transformants of la france ...	2005	15706454
distribution of betalain pigments in red blood cells after consumption of cactus pear fruits and increased resistance of the cells to ex vivo induced oxidative hemolysis in humans.	betalain pigments are bioavailable phytochemicals recently acknowledged as natural radical scavengers. this work, which extends previous research on the postabsorbitive fate of dietary betalains, investigated the distribution of betanin and indicaxanthin in red blood cells (rbcs) isolated from healthy volunteers (n = 8), before and during the 1-8 h interval after a cactus pear fruit meal, and the potential antioxidative activity of the pigments in these cells. a peak concentration of indicaxanth ...	2005	15713051
growth performance of lambs in phangrang, vietnam: effects of a dietary supplement containing prickly-pear cactus.	in phanrang, vietnam, sheep production is limited by the sparse availability of green roughage. although prickly-pear cactus (opuntia elator) is abundant in the area, it is not used. it was considered relevant therefore to test whether prickly-pear cactus could be used a component of feed supplements. with the use of the cactus and other local products--namely groundnut cake, fish sauce by-product, molasses, rice bran and cassava flour--two supplements were prepared. the level of cactus in the t ...	2005	15747860
total mandibular reconstruction for massive osteolysis of the mandible (gorham-stout syndrome).	massive osteolysis (gorham-stout syndrome) is a rare condition of unknown aetiology that is thought to result from a localised endothelial proliferation of lymphatic vessels resulting in destruction and absorption of bone. the diagnosis of gorham-stout syndrome can be made only after first excluding osteolysis from infection, inflammation, endocrine disease, and cancer. the syndrome is rarely seen in the facial skeleton and has a variable prognosis. many treatments have been advocated but only s ...	2005	15749219
dead flower buds of pear: effect of tree growth control, and alternaria alternata as causal agent.	dead (dormant) flower buds of pear is an important phenomenon in pear production in the netherlands. vigourous or unbalanced tree growth and pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae are mentioned as likely causes of dead flower buds. several tree growth control treatments including ethephon. regalis (prohexadione-ca) and root pruning were evaluated. regalis increased disease incidence. the plant stimulant (foliar fertilizer) resistim (potassium phosphonate) reduced disease incidence. pseudomonas syring ...	2004	15756820
characterization of pseudomonas pathovars isolated from rosaceous fruit trees in east algeria.	a survey of bacterial diseases due to pseudomonas on rosaceous fruit trees was conducted. in forty two orchards located in the constantine region ( east algeria). pseudomonas isolates were identified on the bases of their cultural and biochemical characteristics . a total of fifty nine phytopathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased pome and stone fruit trees. thirty one strains comparable to pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae were isolated from cherry (prunus avium l.), plum (p. domestica l ...	2004	15756824
the distribution of neural nitric oxide synthase-positive cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons in the third ventricular wall of male rats and coexistence with vasopressin or oxytocin.	the detailed distribution of neural nitric oxide synthase (nnos)-positive cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (csf-cn) was studied in the wall of the third ventricle of rats by anti-nnos immunohistochemistry. the coexistence of nnos and 8-arginine vasopressin (avp) or oxytocin (ot) was also investigated in the csf-cn using double labeling immunohistochemistry. the results demonstrated a widespread occurrence of nnos-csf-cn throughout the wall of the hypothalamic third ventricle. the vast majo ...	2005	15757631
species composition of leaf beetle assemblages in the canopies of apple and pear orchards in hungary and great britain (coleoptera: chrysomelidae).	the species richness and species composition of coleoptera assemblages were investigated in the canopies of apple and pear orchards in hungary and in the apple orchards in great britain. the investigations were carried out in hungary (nagykovácsi: 3 plots, kecskemét: 5 plots, sárospatak: 4 plots) between 1990-94, and in great britain in kent (east malling, marden and robertsbridge) in 2001 and 2002. former investigations in hungary revealed that the diversity of coleoptera assemblages in the can ...	2004	15759432
[the relationship between quality of life of schizophrenic patients and clinical parameters of psychosis].	the aim of this study was an analysis of relationship between the quality of life of schizophrenic patients and clinical parameters (positive symptoms, negative symptoms, symptoms of depression, time from start of treatment, total time of all hospitalizations). the research was carried out on 120 in- and out-patients (from 19 to 65 years of age) who fulfilled icd-10 and dsm-iv criteria for schizophrenia. they were in a stable state of improvement during actual treatment. the following instrument ...	2004	15765753
remission induced by interferon alfa in a patient with massive osteolysis and extension of lymph-hemangiomatosis: a severe case of gorham-stout syndrome.	the treatment of massive osteolysis with lymphangioma and/or hemangioma (gorham-stout syndrome) has been controversial. the authors report on a patient with multiple massive osteolyses and extensive lymph-hemangiomatosis whose lesions were reduced by interferon alfa therapy. a 2-year-old girl had complained of left chylothorax. thoracoscopy showed an increase in small lymphatic vessels in the chest wall. the chylothorax was improved by coagulation of the lymphatic vessels. later, multiple massiv ...	2005	15793714
accelerators increase permeability of cuticles for the lipophilic solutes metribuzin and iprovalicarb but not for hydrophilic methyl glucose.	effects of diethylsuberate (desu), tributyl phosphate (tbp), and monodisperse ethoxylated alcohols (eas) on rate constants of penetration (k) of model solutes across astomatous cuticular membranes isolated from madagascar ivy (stephanotis floribunda) and pear (pyrus communis) leaves were studied. model solutes (selected on the basis of their octanol/water partition coefficients, k(ow)) were iprovalicarb (log k(ow) = 3.18), metribuzin (log k(ow) = 1.60), and methyl glucose (mg) (log k(ow) = -3.0) ...	2005	15796601
variation in organophosphate pesticide metabolites in urine of children living in agricultural communities.	children of migrant farmworkers are at increased risk of exposure to organophosphate pesticides because of "carry-home" transport processes and residential location. although this at-risk status is generally recognized, few available reports describe the extent of this exposure among agricultural communities. we quantified dialkyl phosphate (dap) levels in serial samples of urine from 176 children, 2-6 years of age, in three oregon communities hosting differing agricultural industries: pears, ch ...	2005	15811843
massive gorham-stout syndrome of the pelvis.	gorham-stout disease is defined as a spontaneous, massive, and nonfamilial idiopathic osteolysis. the diagnosis is based essentially on radiological and histological findings. biopsy reviews always reveal excessive intraosseous nonmalignant proliferation of small vessels, which results in bone resorption and may extend to adjacent bones and soft tissues. these lesions are progressively replaced by extensive fibrosis. since its first description in 1955, there is still controversy about its progn ...	2005	15827684
autoinduction in erwinia amylovora: evidence of an acyl-homoserine lactone signal in the fire blight pathogen.	erwinia amylovora causes fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other members of the rosaceae. here we present the first evidence for autoinduction in e. amylovora and a role for an n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl)-type signal. two major plant virulence traits, production of extracellular polysaccharides (amylovoran and levan) and tolerance to free oxygen radicals, were controlled in a bacterial-cell-density-dependent manner. two standard autoinducer biosensors, agrobacterium tumefaciens ntl4 an ...	2005	15838048
comparison of the antioxidant activities of nine different fruits in human plasma.	oxidative stress in humans is associated with damage to dna, proteins, and biological membranes. oxidative stress, which often arises as a result of an imbalance in the human antioxidant status, has been implicated in aging and a number of human diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. this study was performed to test the hypothesis that the consumption of fruit juices may improve antioxidant status in human plasma. ten healthy men 25-26 years old were recruited for th ...	2005	15857208
light microscopical study of nitric oxide synthase i-positive neurons, including fibres in the vestibular nuclear complex of the cat.	nitric oxide is a gaseous neurotransmitter that is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase i (nos i). at present, little is known of nos i-positive neurons in the vestibular nuclear complex of the cat (vncc). the aim of the present study was to examine the morphology, distribution patterns and interconnections of nos i-positive neurons, including fibres in the vncc. five adult cats were used as experimental animals. all cats were anaesthetized and perfused transcardially. brains were rem ...	2005	15878614
rapid transbilayer movement of ceramides in phospholipid vesicles and in human erythrocytes.	the transbilayer diffusion of unlabeled ceramides with different acyl chains (c6-cer, c10-cer, and c16-cer) was investigated in giant unilamellar vesicles (guvs) and in human erythrocytes. incorporation of a very small percentage of ceramides (approximately 0.1% of total lipids) to the external leaflet of egg phosphatidylcholine guvs suffices to trigger a shape change from prolate to pear shape vesicle. by observing the reversibility of this shape change the transmembrane diffusion of lipids was ...	2005	15883154
analyses of arbutin and chlorogenic acid, the major phenolic constituents in oriental pear.	the hplc retention time, photodiode array uv spectrum analysis, and lc/ms results indicated that arbutin and chlorogenic acid are the main phenolic constituents in oriental pear. the two compounds exist in different organs of the yali pear, which is one of the major cultivars of pyrus bretschnrideri. the contents of arbutin in the leaf bud, floral bud, flower, and young fruit were 11.9, 12.4, 8.29, and 9.92 mg/g fresh weight (fw), respectively. chlorogenic acid amounts in the same organs were 2. ...	2005	15884812
specificity of codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) for the host plant kairomone, ethyl (2e,4z)-2,4-decadienoate: field bioassays with pome fruit volatiles, analogue, and isomeric compounds.	codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), is a severe pest of apples, pears, and walnuts worldwide, and new approaches for precise monitoring and management would be beneficial. ninety-two pome fruit volatiles were formulated in 23 distinct blends, of which a single 4-component blend of 10-carbon esters showed the only significant attraction of moths in field bioassays conducted in both walnut and apple orchards. a single constituent of this blend, ethyl (2e,4z)-2,4-decadienoate--the "pear ester", was ...	2005	15884837
dna diagnostics to identify internal feeders (lepidoptera: tortricidae) of pome fruits of quarantine importance.	a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method is presented for differentiating among the north american internal apple-feeding pests codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.); oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck); lesser appleworm, grapholita prunivora (walsh); and cherry fruitworm, grapholita packardi zeller. an approximately 470-bp fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi) was sequenced in three to six specimens of each species. consistent and diagnostic difference ...	2005	15889717
green tea and the skin.	plant extracts have been widely used as topical applications for wound-healing, anti-aging, and disease treatments. examples of these include ginkgo biloba, echinacea, ginseng, grape seed, green tea, lemon, lavender, rosemary, thuja, sarsaparilla, soy, prickly pear, sagebrush, jojoba, aloe vera, allantoin, feverwort, bloodroot, apache plume, and papaya. these plants share a common character: they all produce flavonoid compounds with phenolic structures. these phytochemicals are highly reactive w ...	2005	15928624
a cftr chloride channel activator prevents hrpn(ea)-induced cell death in arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells.	erwinia amylovora is a necrogenic bacterium that causes fire blight of the maloideae subfamily of roseacae, such as apple and pear. it provokes necrosis in aerial parts of susceptible host plants and the typical hypersensitive reaction in non-host plants. the secreted harpin, hrpn ea, is able by itself to induce an active cell death in non-host plants. ion flux modulations were shown to be involved early in such processes but very few data are available on the plasma membrane ion channel activit ...	2005	15936204
isolation, characterization, and cloning of {alpha}-l-arabinofuranosidase expressed during fruit ripening of japanese pear.	alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (alpha-l-arafase) was purified from fruit of japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). the enzyme solubilized from the cell wall by nacl and triton x-100 had the homogeneity of a single 62-kd polypeptide on sds-page after purification through the steps of hydroxyapatite, anion-exchange chromatography, and size-exclusion chromatography. a related cdna clone was isolated (pparf2). the transcript and related protein were detected solely in the ripening fruit corresponding to the ...	2005	15965025
interaction of cyclodextrins with aliphatic acetate esters and aroma components of la france pear.	the interaction between aliphatic acetate esters, which are the major flavor components of la france pear (pyrus communis l.), and cyclodextrins (cds) was studied to obtain fundamental data for preparing powdered pear flavor materials. the complexing abilities of alpha-, beta-, or gamma-cd with six kinds of aliphatic acetate esters were compared. alpha-cd formed the highest numbers of complexes with all of the esters. all of the cds produced complexes more readily with the more hydrophobic ester ...	2005	15969526
the novel fission yeast protein pal1p interacts with hip1-related sla2p/end4p and is involved in cellular morphogenesis.	the establishment and maintenance of characteristic cellular morphologies is a fundamental property of all cells. here we describe schizosaccharomyces pombe pal1p, a protein important for maintenance of cylindrical cellular morphology. pal1p is a novel membrane-associated protein that localizes to the growing tips of interphase cells and to the division site in cells undergoing cytokinesis in an f-actin- and microtubule-independent manner. cells deleted for pal1 display morphological defects, ch ...	2005	15975911
[fertility of large fruit-tree tortrix archips podana scop. (lepidoptera: tortricidae) on different edible plants].	we studied pupal weight, total fertility, and potential and actual fertility of imagoes of large fruit-tree tortrix archips podana scop. for caterpillars reared on apple, currant, pear, lilac, and plum plants. pupal weight had no effect on total fertility in the first generation but was reflected in the second generation. the dependence of potential and actual fertility of imago on pupal weight was nonlinear with a trend to optimum within certain limits.	2005	16004289
[distribution characteristics of nitrogen and its source in core sediments from pearl river estuary].	based on the measurement of the concentration of nitrogen in four core sediments from pear river estuary, the forms and the depth-dependent changes characteristics of nitrogen were studied, and the possible sources of nitrogen in the sediments were discussed. the results indicate that the content of total nitrogen ranged from 850.62mg/kg to 2 340.85mg/kg, with mean content of 1 502.73mg/kg. there is a general tendency for an upward increase in core sediments, which is more evident in the middle ...	2005	16004328
development of a strain-specific quantitative method for monitoring pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e, a novel biocontrol agent of fire blight.	pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e has been selected in a screening procedure for its high efficacy controlling erwinia amylovora infections in flowers, immature fruits and young pear plants. we developed two monitoring methods which allowed specific detection and quantification of eps62e by combining classical microbiological techniques with molecular tools. rapd and unspecific-pcr fingerprints were used to differentiate eps62e from other p. fluorescens strains. differential amplified fragments fro ...	2005	16006071
hemangiomatosis associated with osteolysis of the mandible in a dog resembling gorham-stout disease in humans.	a 6-month-old female german shepherd dog died as a result of profuse oral bleeding. at postmortem examination, the oral cavity showed visible roots of the right mandibular fourth premolar and first molar teeth and, in addition, they were very mobile and compressible. radiographs showed a generalized radiolucency in the body of the right mandible, with evidence of resorption of the affected alveolar bone. histologically, the lesion of the right mandible was characterized by the lysis of bony stru ...	2005	16006608
gorham's disease or massive osteolysis.	gorham's disease is a rare disorder characterized by proliferation of vascular channels that results in destruction and resorption of osseous matrix. since the initial description of the disease by gorham and colleagues (1954) and by gorham and stout (1955), fifty years have elapsed but still the precise etiology of gorham's disease remains poorly understood and largely unknown. there is no evidence of a malignant, neuropathic, or infectious component involved in the causation of this disorder. ...	2005	16012123
[pseudomonas genus bacteria on weeds].	it has been shown in the work that the weeds (couch-grass and ryegrass) may be affected by bacterial diseases in natural conditions, pseudomonas genus bacteria being their agents. the isolated bacteria are highly-aggressive in respect of the host-plant and a wide range of cultivated plants: wheat, rye, oats, barley, apple-tree and pear-tree. in contrast to highly aggressive bacteria isolated from the affected weeds, bacteria-epi phytes isolated from formally healthy plants (common amaranth, orac ...	2005	16018218
real-time pcr for simultaneous and quantitative detection of quarantine phytoplasmas from apple proliferation (16 srx) group.	a real time pcr assay conjugated with the fluorescent sybr green i dye has been developed for rapid, sensitive and quantitative detection of 'ca. phytoplasma pyri', 'ca. p. prunorum' and 'ca. p. mali', quarantine members of apple proliferation (16 srx) group. the selected primers amplify specifically a target of 217-bp fragment from the 16 sr gene region of the 16 srx group and not from any other tested phytoplasma groups. an artificial template consisting in a plasmid clone of a 1785-bp dna fra ...	2005	16039094
effect of gazing at the camera during a video link on recall.	the impact of looking into the camera during a presentation over a video link (resulting in the perception of mutual gaze) on information recall was investigated. in a face-to-face context mutual gaze has been shown to facilitate the encoding and subsequent recall of information [fry, r., smith, g.f., 1975. the effects of feedback and eye contact on performance of a digit-coding task. j. soc. psychol. 96, 145-146; otteson, j.d., otteson, c.r., 1980. effect of teacher's gaze on children's story r ...	2006	16081035
influence of selected fruit tree pollen on life history of euseius stipulatus (acari: phytoseiidae).	euseius stipulatus (athias-henriot) is a predatory mite widespread in the mediterranean region considered to be important for the biological control of spider mites in citrus orchards. development, survival and reproduction of this phytoseiid mite feeding on seven commercially obtained pollen were studied under constant laboratory conditions (20 +/- 1 degrees c, rh 65 +/- 5%, photoperiod 16l: 8d h). mites were kept individually at rearing units with ample quantity of almond (prunus amygdalus bat ...	2005	16082919
emergence of a glomus-like body in the human yolk sac: a microanatomical analysis of its structure.	since the last decade the yolk sac (ys) has been a topic of increasing interest due to the growing use of high-resolution sonography in early determination of pregnancy. human ys shape and diameter are indicators of viability of pregnancy during the early embryonic period. nevertheless, the major interest concerns the vital function it plays in early embryo growth and development. two compartments are recognized in this organ: the yolk sac proper and the vitelline stalk. in this study we report ...	2005	16101035
from the anther to the proctodeum: pear (pyrus communis) pollen digestion in osmia cornuta larvae.	modifications of the pollen grains of pyrus communis linneaus that occur during the digestion by osmia cornuta (latreille) larvae were studied histochemically. we compared the features of the pollen grains found in the anthers, in the larval cell provisions and in the alimentary canal of the 5th instar larvae. modifications were already evident in the provisions and consisted of protoplast protrusions through the apertures and a decrease in the number of starch-containing pollen grains. after po ...	2005	16105552
differentiation and functional connection of vascular elements in compatible and incompatible pear/quince internode micrografts.	micrografts of internodes excised from in vitro grown pear plants (pyrus communis l. cv. 'bosc' (b) and cv. 'butirra hardy' (bh)) and quince (cydonia oblonga mill. east malling clone c (emc)), were cultured aseptically to test the effectiveness of their functional vascular reconnection in relation to incompatibility-compatibility relationships that these genotypes exhibit in the field. the incompatible heterograft (b/emc) showed a marked delay in internode cohesion compared with the autografts ( ...	2005	16105809
chylothorax as a possible diagnostic pitfall: a report of 2 cases with cytologic findings.	chyothorax is an uncommon medical condition. to the best of our knowledge, there have been no detailed english-language report dealing with its cytopathologic findings and diagnostic pitfalls	2006	16124177
evaluation of some biological parameters of opuntia ficus indica. 1. influence of a seed oil supplemented diet on rats.	cactus pear (opuntia ficus indica) is native to tunisia and the fruit is consumed exclusively as fresh fruit. the seed oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids but the nutritive value of the oil is unknown. the objective of our research was to determine the fatty acid content of cactus pear seed oil and to evaluate the effect of an oil supplemented diet on rats. the main fatty acids of prickly pear seed oil were c16:0, c18:0, c18:1, c18:2 with an exceptional level of linoleic acid, up to 700 g ...	2006	16129601
cactus pear: a natural product in cancer chemoprevention.	cancer chemoprevention is a new approach in cancer prevention, in which chemical agents are used to prevent cancer in normal and/or high-risk populations. although chemoprevention has shown promise in some epithelial cancers, currently available preventive agents are limited and the agents are costly, generally with side effects. natural products, such as grape seed, green tea, and certain herbs have demonstrated anti-cancer effects. to find a natural product that can be used in chemoprevention ...	2005	16150152
morphological characteristics of submandibular glands of miniature pig.	miniature pig (minipig) is increasingly used as a large animal model for a variety of biomedical studies. little information is available in the literature on anatomy, histology and sialograghy of the submandibular gland of the minipig. the purpose of this study was to characterize the morphology of a miniature pig's (minipig) submandibular gland as a large animal model for further biomedical studies.	2005	16157032
induction of defense responses against alternaria rot by different elicitors in harvested pear fruit.	pear fruit (pyrus pyrifolia l. cv. yali) treated by different elicitors, such as salicylic acid (sa), oxalic acid, calcium chloride, and antagonistic yeast cryptococcus laurentii, were investigated to determine the induction of defense responses. the possible mechanism by which elicitors induced the resistance of pear fruit against postharvest disease was also evaluated. the results indicated that all the elicitors could significantly enhance defense-related enzyme activities, such as beta-1,3-g ...	2006	16158285
antibacterial iminopyrrolidines from burkholderia plantarii, a bacterial pathogen of rice.	burkholderia plantarii, a bacterial pathogen on rice, produced compounds in liquid culture that gave strong inhibitory action against erwinia amylovora, the bacterium responsible for fire blight disease of apple and pear trees. the active component was hydrophilic and ionic, and was fractionated extensively by passage through sp, deae, and lh20 sephadexes. final purification was achieved by reverse phase chromatography on c(18)-bonded silica. biological activity was associated with two compounds ...	2005	16172692
adaptation of crops to environment.	adaptability is defined as the ability of a crop (or variety) to respond positively to changes in agricultural conditions. the trait is genetically controlled and provides an ability to exploit environmental attributes, both natural and agronomic. values of relative adaptability can be determined by the regression of the yield of the tested crop over the average yield of compared crops from several environments. we evaluated relative adaptability of 12 staple crops in 12 european countries and c ...	2005	16187121
role of host feeding niches and host refuges in habitat-related behaviour of hyssopus pallidus (hymenoptera: eulophidae), a larval parasitoid of the codling moth.	parasitoid fitness depends largely on the capability to locate a host in an ecosystem. a parasitoid of a polyphagous host might not be able to find or to access the host in all its feeding niches. this study evaluated the niche selection of hyssopus pallidus (askew), a larval parasitoid of cydia pomonella (linnaeus), at the plant level with the goal of assessing its potential for biological control on different fruit crops throughout the plant cycle. parasitoid behaviour during host location and ...	2005	16197563
an ultrastructural and histopathological study of henneguya pellucida n. sp. (myxosporea: myxobolidae) infecting piaractus mesopotamicus (characidae) cultivated in brazil.	during a study of myxosporean parasites of cultivated freshwater fish, a new myxosporean species, henneguya pellucida n. sp., was discovered. of the 120 piaractus mesopotamicus sampled, only 10 specimens (8.3%) were infected. yellow, round plasmodia measuring 0.5-3 mm were found in the serous membrane of the visceral cavity and in the tunica externa of the swim bladder. sporogenesis was asynchronous, with the earliest developmental stages aligned prevailingly along the endoplasmic periphery and ...	2005	16218209
opuntia ficus indica (l.) mill. fruit juice protects liver from carbon tetrachloride-induced injury.	the protective effects of the juice of opuntia ficus indica fruit (prickly pear) against carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity were examined in rats. the animals were treated orally with the juice (3 ml/rat) 2 h after administration of the hepatotoxic agent. preventive effects were studied by giving the juice (3 ml/rat) for 9 consecutive days. on day 9 the rats received the hepatotoxic agent. morphological and biochemical evaluations were carried out 24, 48 and 72 h after inductio ...	2005	16220574
stability of enterocin as-48 in fruit and vegetable juices.	enterocin as-48 is a candidate bacteriocin for food biopreservation. before addressing application of as-48 to vegetable-based foods, the interaction between as-48 and vegetable food components and the stability of as-48 were studied. enterocin as-48 had variable interactions with fruit and vegetable juices, with complete, partial, or negligible loss of activity. for some juices, loss of activity was ameliorated by increasing the bacteriocin concentration, diluting the juice, or applying a heat ...	2005	16245711
photosystem ii efficiency and mechanisms of energy dissipation in iron-deficient, field-grown pear trees (pyrus communis l.).	the dark-adapted photosystem ii efficiency of field-grown pear leaves, estimated by the variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence ratio, was little affected by moderate and severe iron deficiency. only extremely iron-deficient leaves showed a decreased photosystem ii efficiency after dark adaptation. midday depressions in photosystem ii efficiency were still found after short-term dark-adaptation in iron-deficient leaves, indicating that photosystem ii down-regulation occurred when the leaves ...	2000	16252161
[population dynamics of bactrocera dorsalis (diptera: tephritidae) in xishuangbanna of southern yunnan].	in the study, an all year round monitoring through lure-traps in 1997, 2000 and 2003 was conducted on the population dynamics of oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis (diptera: tephritidae) in xishuangbanna of southern yunnan, and the factors in relation with its population fluctuation, including temperature, rainfall, and host species were analyzed. the fruit fly occurred year-round in xishuangbanna, with a low population level from november to february, and increased steadily from march to j ...	2005	16252878
molecular genetics of erwinia amylovora involved in the development of fire blight.	the bacterial plant pathogen, erwinia amylovora, causes the devastating disease known as fire blight in some rosaceous plants like apple, pear, quince, raspberry and several ornamentals. knowledge of the factors affecting the development of fire blight has mushroomed in the last quarter century. on the molecular level, genes encoding a hrp type iii secretion system, genes encoding enzymes involved in synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides and genes facilitating the growth of e. amylovora in ...	2005	16253442
telonema antarcticum sp. nov., a common marine phagotrophic flagellate.	telonema is a widely distributed group of phagotrophic flagellates with two known members. in this study, the structural identity and molecular phylogeny of telonema antarcticum was investigated and a valid description is proposed. molecular phylogeny was studied using small-subunit rrna (ssu rrna) gene sequences. the pear-shaped cell had two subequal flagella that emerged laterally on the truncated antapical tail. one flagellum had tripartite hairs. the cell was naked, but had subsurface vesicl ...	2005	16280533
[relationship between pollen allergy and oral allergy syndrome].	we recently evaluated the relationship between pollen allergy and oral and pharyngeal hypersensitivity to fruits and vegetables (oral allergy syndrome) over 8 years (1995 approximately 2002) in sapporo. 1. of 843 patients with birch pollen (bp) allergy (cap score 2 or more), 378 patients (37%) had episodes of oral allergy syndrome (oas), and the rate in bp allergy was higher than in other allergies. 2. in patients with bp allergy, the most frequent foods causing oas were apple, peach and cherry, ...	2005	16285612
identification of erwinia amylovora genes induced during infection of immature pear tissue.	the enterobacterium erwinia amylovora is a devastating plant pathogen causing necrotrophic fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other rosaceous plants. in this study, we used a modified in vivo expression technology system to identify e. amylovora genes that are activated during infection of immature pear tissue, a process that requires the major pathogenicity factors of this organism. we identified 394 unique pear fruit-induced (pfi) genes on the basis of sequence similarity to known genes a ...	2005	16291682
reliability of diagnostic techniques for erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight disease.	a total of 20 putative strains of erwinia amylovora originating from 11 samples of host plants with symptoms of fire blight were analyzed in detail using commercial polyclonal antibodies in immunochemical tests. fourteen strains reacted negatively in all tests; 6 strains reacted positively with a polyclonal antibody for pta-elisa (plate-trapped antigen-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) at a concentration corresponding to a620 = 0.1, while at a620 readings of 0.01 and 0.001 the results were nega ...	2005	16295660
the use of green fluorescent protein (gfp) improves agrobacterium-mediated transformation of 'spadona' pear (pyrus communis l.).	an efficient and reproducible system for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the pear (pyrus communis l.) cultivar spadona was developed. leaf explants of in vitro propagated plants were cocultivated with the disarmed agrobacterium strain eha105 harboring the plasmid pme504, carrying the uida-intron and nptii genes. under selective conditions, 5% of the plantlets regenerated and were positively stained for gus. however, most of the gus-positive plants re-callused and subsequently died, leav ...	2006	16328389
mass spectrometric detection and formation of d-amino acids in processed plant saps, syrups, and fruit juice concentrates.	liquid and syrupy dietary saps and juices of plant origin, characterized by the presence of large quantities of saccharides (glucose, fructose, or sucrose) and containing amino acids, were analyzed for the presence of d-amino acids using enantioselective gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. d-amino acids were detected in processed saps and juices of trees (maple, palm, birch), fruits (grape, apple, pear, pomegranate, date), and various other plants (agave, beetroot, sugar cane, carob). d-ala wa ...	2005	16332121
influence of 1-methylcyclopropene and storage atmosphere on changes in volatile compounds and fruit quality of conference pears.	conference pears (pyrus communis l.) were treated with 25 and 50 nl l(-1) 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp) at -0.5 degrees c for 24 h, then stored for up to 22 weeks in air (na) and controlled atmosphere (ca). after 7 and 14 weeks of storage, fruits were retreated with 1-mcp. after 7, 14, and 22 weeks of storage, fruits were kept for up to 7 days at 20 degrees c in air for poststorage ripening. the effects of 1-mcp treatment declined with duration of storage in both storage atmospheres, indicating t ...	2005	16332131
molecular characterization of a putative protein disulfide isomerase from babesia caballi.	we produced a mab against the babesia caballi extracellular merozoite termed mab 2h2 and used it to screen a cdna expression library prepared from b. caballi merozoite mrna for highly expressed proteins. the complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene had 1547 nucleotides and contained a 36-nucleotide intron. the 1398 nucleotide open reading frame predicts a 51 kda protein showing similarity to protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) from other species. the pdi gene had a predicted n-terminal sign ...	2005	16336731
simultaneous detection and identification of four pome fruit viruses by one-tube pentaplex rt-pcr.	a pentaplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (pentaplex rt-pcr) in a single tube was developed for the simultaneous detection of the pome fruit viruses: apple stem pitting virus (aspv), apple stem grooving virus (asgv), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) and apple mosaic virus (apmv). this is the first report of the simultaneous detection of all four viruses and host mrna as an internal specific control. pentaplex rt-pcr was applied successfully throughout the year, using dif ...	2006	16337013
effect of increased beta-glucosidase activity on virulence of erwinia amylovora.	plant tissues often contain beta-glucosides that can be enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce toxic aglycones. it has been suggested that the low beta-glucosidase activity found in erwinia amylovora contributes to bacterial virulence by allowing the bacteria to infect plants that contain beta-glucosides without inducing the formation of toxic aglycones. to test this suggestion, we created strains of e. amylovora which had high beta-glucosidase activities and studied the ability of these strains to ...	1987	16347316
identification of erwinia amylovora, the fireblight pathogen, by colony hybridization with dna from plasmid pea29.	all strains of erwinia amylovora characterized carry a medium-size plasmid of 29 kilobases (pea29). we mapped this plasmid with various restriction enzymes, cloned the whole dna into an escherichia coli plasmid, and subcloned restriction fragments. these dna species were used for identification of e. amylovora after handling of strains in the laboratory and also in field isolates. about 70 strains of e. amylovora and 24 strains from nine other species, mainly found in plant habitats, were checke ...	1988	16347778
nuclear ribosomal dna as a probe for genetic variability in the japanese pear pathotype of alternaria alternata.	a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of nuclear ribosomal rna genes (rdna) was used to measure the amount and distribution of genetic variability in populations of the japanese pear pathotype of alternaria alternata on both micro- and macrogeographical scales. a total of 322 isolates were obtained from 13 areas in aichi, gifu, and tottori prefectures in central and western japan. the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that the pathogen populations contained ...	1993	16349060
chlorine dioxide for reduction of postharvest pathogen inoculum during handling of tree fruits.	alternatives to hypochlorous acid and fungicides are needed for treatment of fruit and fruit-handling facilities. chlorine dioxide was evaluated and found effective against common postharvest decay fungi and against filamentous fungi occurring on fruit packinghouse surfaces. in vitro tests with conidial or sporangiospore suspensions of botrytis cinerea, penicillium expansum, mucor piriformis, and cryptosporiopsis perennans demonstrated >99% spore mortality within 1 min when the fungi were expose ...	1994	16349354
microbial response to drought in a texas highplains shortgrass prairie.	the population of the microbial flora of a mixed blue gramma grass (bouteloua gracilis h. b. k.) and prickly pear (opuntia polyacantha haw.) prairie near amarillo, texas, was studied during 1971 after a severe drought. bacteria, fungi, and algae were estimated by plate count and terminal dilution procedures. rates of grass and paper decomposition were determined. the microbial flora of soil associated with bovine-grazed grass did not differ significantly from the flora associated with ungrazed g ...	1974	16350005
short report: molecular cloning and characterization of a putative binding protein of babesia caballi.	a composite 2,206 nucleotide dna sequence encoding a putative immunoglobulin-binding protein (bip) was constructed from a sequence obtained from babesia caballi cdna library clones. the 1,962 nucleotide open reading frame predicts a 72 kd protein with extensive homology with bips from apicomplexa parasites. the bip gene had a predicted n-terminal signal sequence of 18 amino acids and a c-terminal tetrapeptide sequence (ser-asp-glu-leu) for signaling in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. the recomb ...	2005	16354826
interventions for preventing or treating alcohol hangover: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.	to assess the clinical evidence on the effectiveness of any medical intervention for preventing or treating alcohol hangover.	2005	16373736
in vitro effects of crotalus durissus terrificus and bothrops jararaca venoms on giardia duodenalis trophozoites.	considering the snake venoms' pharmacological properties and chemotherapeutic potential as well as the need for new alternatives for giardia infection treatment, the present study was carried out aiming to evaluate the in vitro effects of crude crotalus durissus terrificus and bothrops jararaca venoms on the growth and adherence of giardia duodenalis trophozoites. trophozoites (10(6)) were exposed to serial twofold dilutions of c. durissus terrificus and b. jararaca venoms that ranged from 3.125 ...	2006	16378220
biochemical and nutritional characterization of three prickly pear species with different ripening behavior.	biochemical and nutritional changes were studied during the ripening process of three opuntia morphospecies with different ripening behavior: naranjona (o. ficus-indica), blanca cristalina (opuntia sp.), and esmeralda (opuntia sp.) of early, early-intermediate, and intermediate-late ripening, respectively. in loss of fresh weight, naranjona showed the highest values, while in blanca cristalina and esmeralda, a discrete weight loss was found. no significant differences were found among morphospec ...	2005	16395631
phacidiopycnis washingtonensis--a new species associated with pome fruits from washington state.	a new species of phacidiopycnis associated with pome fruits is described. the fungus causes fruit rot on apples during storage and is associated with a twig dieback and canker disease of crabapple trees and dead twigs of pear trees. to characterize the biology of the fungus and compare it with ph. piri, the type species of the genus, effects of nine media and light on mycelial growth and pycnidial production, mycelial growth in response to temperature and mode of conidial germination in response ...	2005	16396354
pre-clinical validation of a new intra-operative "dual beam doppler" blood flowmeter in an artificial circuit.	intra-operative flow measurement during coronary or peripheral bypass operations is helpful for ruling out technical failures and for prediction of complication and patency rates. preclinical validation of the flowmeters is required in order to rely on the intra-operatively measured results. the aim of this study is to evaluate a new "dual beam doppler" blood flowmeter before clinical application and to compare it with the established "transit time flow measure-ment" technique in an artificial c ...	2006	16401535