Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| alfalfa mosaic virus replicase proteins p1 and p2 interact and colocalize at the vacuolar membrane. | replication of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rnas depends on the virus-encoded proteins p1 and p2. p1 contains methyltransferase- and helicase-like domains, and p2 contains a polymerase-like domain. coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed an interaction between in vitro translated-p1 and p2 and showed that these proteins are present together in fractions with rna-dependent rna polymerase activity. a deletion analysis in the yeast two-hybrid system showed that in p1 the c-terminal sequence of 509 ... | 2001 | 11160687 |
| evidence for two distinct subgroups of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) from france and italy and their relationships with other amv strains brief report. | the nucleotide sequence of the putative coat protein open reading frame of seven previously uncharacterized amv strains from italy and france was determined and aligned with comparable sequences of other amv strains (425 l, 425 m, ysmv, s, vru, 15/64 and da). the data set of amv sequences was used to determine phylogenetic relationships by both a stochastic (stationary markov model) and a deterministic method (maximum-parsimony) of analysis. the topology of the trees obtained with the two method ... | 2000 | 11205111 |
| recognition of cis-acting sequences in rna 3 of prunus necrotic ringspot virus by the replicase of alfalfa mosaic virus. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) belong to the genera alfamovirus: and ilarvirus:, respectively, of the family bromoviridae: initiation of infection by amv and pnrsv requires binding of a few molecules of coat protein (cp) to the 3' termini of the inoculum rnas and the cps of the two viruses are interchangeable in this early step of the replication cycle. cis:-acting sequences in pnrsv rna 3 that are recognized by the amv replicase were studied in in vitro re ... | 2001 | 11257202 |
| the chicken pdcd4 gene is regulated by v-myb. | the retroviral oncogene v-myb encodes a transcription factor (v-myb) which is responsible for the ability of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) to transform myelomonocytic cells. v-myb is thought to disrupt the differentiation of myelomonocytic cells by affecting the expression of specific target genes. to identify such genes we have analysed the gene expression in a myelomonocytic chicken cell line that carries an estrogen inducible version of v-myb by differential display. here we describe the i ... | 2001 | 11313950 |
| natural minus-strand rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus as in vitro templates for viral rna polymerase. 3'-terminal non-coded guanosine and coat protein are insufficient factors for full-size plus-strand synthesis. | replication complexes of alfalfa mosaic virus produce in vivo large quantities of plus-strand rnas, but this production is fully dependent on the presence of coat protein. in order to study this process of rna-dependent and coat protein-regulated rna synthesis we have isolated the three natural minus-strand rnas (containing any posttranscriptional modification that might have occurred) and have tested them for coat protein binding sites and template activity in an in vitro system with the viral ... | 2001 | 11338391 |
| in vivo analysis of the tswv cap-snatching mechanism: single base complementarity and primer length requirements. | requirements for capped leader sequences for use during transcription initiation by tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) were tested using mutant alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rnas as specific cap donors in transgenic nicotiana tabacum plants expressing the amv replicase proteins. using a series of amv rna3 mutants modified in either the 5'-non-translated region or in the subgenomic rna4 leader, sequence analysis revealed that cleaved leader lengths could vary between 13 and 18 nucleotides. cleavage oc ... | 2001 | 11350944 |
| an example of application of molecular techniques to the study on the local regulatory system controlling the function of the rat male gonad. | molecular biology techniques help to study details of testicular cell interactions, which play an important role in the control of spermatogenesis and secretory function of the male gonad. this paper presents an example of application of such techniques, with evaluation of their usability, in the study on expression of some cytokines involved in cellular interactions in the rat testis. testicular cells were isolated by digestion with collagenase followed by percoll gradient centrifugation or by ... | 2001 | 11374783 |
| role of the 3'-untranslated regions of alfalfa mosaic virus rnas in the formation of a transiently expressed replicase in plants and in the assembly of virions. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rnas 1 and 2 encode the replicase proteins p1 and p2, respectively, whereas rna 3 encodes the movement protein and the coat protein (cp). when rnas 1 and 2 were transiently expressed from a t-dna vector (r12 construct) by agroinfiltration of nicotiana benthamiana, the infiltrated leaves accumulated minus-strand rnas 1 and 2 and relatively small amounts of plus-strand rnas. in addition, rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) activity could be detected in extracts of the in ... | 2001 | 11413311 |
| engineering of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 3 into an expression vector. | rna 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) encodes the 5'-proximal movement protein (mp) gene and the 3'-proximal coat protein (cp) gene which is expressed from a subgenomic rna. several strategies were explored to use this rna as a vector for expression of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) in nicotiana tabaccum plants expressing the viral polymerase proteins p1 and p2 (p12 plants). insertion of a subgenomic promoter (sgp)-gfp cassette between the cp gene and the 3'-untranslated region (utr) interfer ... | 2001 | 11448030 |
| role of the alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein and coat protein in virus transport. | the movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp) encoded by alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna 3 are both required for virus transport. rna 3 vectors that expressed nonfused green fluorescent protein (gfp), mp:gpf fusions, or gfp:cp fusions were used to study the functioning of mutant mp and cp in protoplasts and plants. c-terminal deletions of up to 21 amino acids did not interfere with the function of the cp in cell-to-cell movement, although some of these mutations interfered with virion assembly. ... | 2001 | 11551070 |
| intracellular localization and movement phenotypes of alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein mutants. | thirteen mutations were introduced in the movement protein (mp) gene of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) fused to the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene and the mutant mp-gfp fusions were expressed transiently in tobacco protoplasts, tobacco suspension cells, and epidermal cells of tobacco leaves. in addition, the mutations were introduced in the mp gene of amv rna 3 and the mutant rnas were used to infect tobacco plants. ten mutants were affected in one or more of the following functions of mp: the ... | 2001 | 11551071 |
| the second amino acid of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein is critical for coat protein-mediated protection. | transgenic plants expressing the coat protein (cp) of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) are resistant to infection by aimv. a mutation was introduced into the second amino acid of the cdna for the cp of aimv. three different transgenic tobacco lines expressing the mutant cp and two different transgenic tobacco lines expressing the wild-type cp at similar levels were challenged with aimv virions and viral rna. whereas the lines expressing the wild-type cp were highly resistant to infection by aimv viri ... | 1991 | 11607167 |
| crystals of ternary protein-dna complexes composed of dna-binding domains of c-myb or v-myb, c/ebpalpha or c/ebpbeta and tom-1a promoter fragment. | c-myb and the c/ebp family are transcriptional regulatory factors that act in concert to regulate the expression of myeloid-specific genes. v-myb encoded by avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) is a mutated form of c-myb that contains point mutations which disrupt the cooperation with c/ebps. to understand the mechanism of the transcriptional synergy between c-myb and c/ebps and the effect of the v-myb mutations on that synergy, knowledge based on their three-dimensional structures is essential. cry ... | 2001 | 11679735 |
| [analysis of the viral capsid gene of alfalfa mosaic virus (cp a1mv) cloned to the vector for plant transformation pbi121]. | the virus gene cp almv cloned to the vector pbi121 (clontech) was analyzed using the method of restriction analysis and polymerase chain reaction. the restriction analysis with the use of apai enzyme has shown presence of the specific fragment with a part of cp gene about 2.5 kb. the same procedure with ecori and hindiii enzymes has shown difference in electrophoretic migration of the formed fragments. polymerase chain reaction analysis has shown the existence of the specific amplification produ ... | 2001 | 11692679 |
| translation of a nonpolyadenylated viral rna is enhanced by binding of viral coat protein or polyadenylation of the rna. | on entering a host cell, positive-strand rna virus genomes have to serve as messenger for the translation of viral proteins. efficient translation of cellular messengers requires interactions between initiation factors bound to the 5'-cap structure and the poly(a) binding protein bound to the 3'-poly(a) tail. initiation of infection with the tripartite rna genomes of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and viruses from the genus ilarvirus requires binding of a few molecules of coat protein (cp) to the 3' ... | 2001 | 11717411 |
| anatomy of the primase-alpha dna polymerase reaction accomplished by nucleoprotein complexes harboring an extrachromosomal dna identical with avian myeloblastosis virus core-bound dna: influencing by carbonyldiphosphonate, mimosine and butylphenyl deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate. | activities of the primase (pr)-alpha dna polymerase (pol) enzyme complex belonging to the naturally occurring reaction systems represented by special np complexes harboring an extrachromosomal dna identical with avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) core-bound dna (j. riman, a. sulová and k. horská, acta virol. 39, 149-159 (1995); j. ríman and a. sulová, acta virol. 41, 181-192 (1997)) were studied in the absence and presence of carbonyldiphosphonate (comdp), mimosine (mimo), to it related ciclopirox ... | 2001 | 11719981 |
| detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase using aptamers as probes in affinity capillary electrophoresis. | an affinity capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence (ce/lif) assay was developed for direct and specific detection of reverse transcriptase (ri) of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) using fluorescently labeled single-stranded dna aptamers as probes. the aptamer used (rt 26) is specific for hiv-1 rt, and it exhibited no cross-reactivity with rts of the enhanced avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), the moloney murine leukemia virus (mmlv), or denatured hiv-1 rt. an affinity ... | 2001 | 11791582 |
| mechanism of c-myb-c/ebp beta cooperation from separated sites on a promoter. | c-myb, but not avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) v-myb, cooperates with c/ebp beta to regulate transcription of myeloid-specific genes. to assess the structural basis for that difference, we determined the crystal structures of complexes comprised of the c-myb or amv v-myb dna-binding domain (dbd), the c/ebp beta dbd, and a promoter dna fragment. within the c-myb complex, a dna-bound c/ebp beta interacts with r2 of c-myb bound to a different dna fragment; point mutations in v-myb r2 eliminate suc ... | 2002 | 11792321 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of rna 3 of a peach isolate of prunus necrotic ringspot virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of rna 3 of the pe-5 peach isolate of prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (pnrsv) was obtained from cloned cdna. the rna sequence is 1941 nucleotides and contains two open reading frames (orfs). orf 1 consisted of 284 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 31,729 da and orf 2 contained 224 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 25,018 da. orf 2 corresponds to the coat protein gene. expression of orf 2 engineered into a ptrchis vector in esche ... | 1995 | 11831718 |
| influenza a virus rna polymerase subunit pb2 is the endonuclease which cleaves host cell mrna and functions only as the trimeric enzyme. | the influenza a virus rna-dependent rna polymerase catalyzes several reactions in transcription and replication of the genome rna. the first step in viral mrna synthesis is the endonucleolytic cleavage of host cell mrnas containing a cap structure to generate capped primers that are 10-14 nucleotides long which are then used to prime transcription of virus-specific mrnas. to analyze the properties of the capped rna-specific endonuclease associated with the influenza virus polymerase and the role ... | 1995 | 11831724 |
| n-terminal basic amino acids of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein involved in the initiation of infection. | alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein or its messenger rna is required in the inoculum for virus infection. the n-terminus of the coat protein is required for activity; thus, changes were made in the amino acid sequence of this region. six coat protein mutants were tested for activity in virus infection assays in protoplasts. a coat protein mutant in which n-terminal residues 3-19 were absent was inactive; whereas, a mutant in which residues 3-11 were absent (cp deltan9) still had 73% of wild-type a ... | 1995 | 11831728 |
| a genome-activating n-terminal coat protein peptide of alfalfa mosaic virus is able to activate infection by rnas 1, 2 and 3 but not by rnas 1 and 2. further support for the messenger release hypothesis. | an n-terminal genome-activating peptide of 25 amino acid residues of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein was unable to activate the incomplete viral genome consisting of rnas 1 and 2. the messenger release hypothesis predicts that rna 3 must complement such an inoculum in order to produce rna 4 that will trigger the process. this is shown indeed to be the case. | 2002 | 12038695 |
| high processivity of the reverse transcriptase from a non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon. | r2 is a retrotransposable element that specifically inserts into the 28 s rrna genes of arthropods. the element encodes a single protein with endonuclease activity that cleaves the 28 s gene target site and reverse transcriptase (rt) activity that uses the cleaved dna to prime reverse transcription. here we compare various properties of the r2 rt activity with those of the well characterized retroviral rt, avian myeloblastosis virus (amv). in processivity assays using heterogeneous rna templates ... | 2002 | 12101182 |
| the role of template-primer in protection of reverse transcriptase from thermal inactivation. | we compared the thermal stabilities of wild-type recombinant avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) and moloney murine leukemia virus (m-mlv) reverse transcriptase (rt) with those of mutants of the recombinant enzymes lacking rnase h activity. they differed in resistance to thermal inactivation at elevated temperatures in the presence of an rna/dna template-primer. rnase h-minus rts retained the ability to efficiently synthesize cdna at much higher temperatures. we show that the structure of the templ ... | 2002 | 12136094 |
| expression in plants and immunogenicity of plant virus-based experimental rabies vaccine. | a new approach to the production and delivery of vaccine antigens is the use of engineered amino virus-based vectors. a chimeric peptide containing antigenic determinants from rabies virus glycoprotein (g protein) (amino acids 253-275) and nucleoprotein (n protein) (amino acids 404-418) was pcr-amplified and cloned as a translational fusion product with the alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) coat protein (cp). this recombinant cp was expressed in two plant virus-based expression systems. the first one ... | 2002 | 12163267 |
| role of an essential triloop hairpin and flanking structures in the 3' untranslated region of alfalfa mosaic virus rna in in vitro transcription. | the minus-strand promoter of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), a tripartite plant virus belonging to the family bromoviridae, is located within the 3'-terminal 145 nucleotides (nt), which can adopt a trna-like structure (tls). this contrasts with the subgenomic promoter for rna4 synthesis, which requires approximately 40 nt and forms a single triloop hairpin. detailed analysis of the minus-strand promoter now shows that a similar triloop hairpin, hairpin e (hpe), is crucial for minus-strand synthesis. ... | 2002 | 12163595 |
| the deoxyribo-mode expression of primase activities of the primase-alpha dna polymerase enzyme complex associated with nucleoprotein complexes harboring an extrachromosomal dna identical with avian myeloblastosis virus core-bound dna: influencing by carbonyldiphosphonate, mimosine and butylphenyl deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate. | the deoxyribo-mode expression of primase (pr) activities of the pr-alpha dna polymerase (pol) enzyme complex belonging to the naturally occurring nucleoprotein (np) complexes harboring an extrachromosomal dna identical with avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) core-bound dna (ríman and sulová, acta virol. 41, 181-192 (1997)) is similarly influenced by carbonyldiphosphonate (comdp) as the ribo-mode expression of pr activities (ríman, acta virol. 45, 109-124 (2001)). in the presence of all four common ... | 2002 | 12387498 |
| role of the alfalfa mosaic virus methyltransferase-like domain in negative-strand rna synthesis. | rnas 1 and 2 of the tripartite genome of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) encode the replicase proteins p1 and p2, respectively. p1 contains a methyltransferase-like domain in its n-terminal half, which has a putative role in capping the viral rnas. six residues in this domain that are highly conserved in the methyltransferase domains of alphavirus-like viruses were mutated individually in amv p1. none of the mutants was infectious to plants. mutant rna 1 was coexpressed with wild-type (wt) rnas 2 and ... | 2002 | 12388692 |
| new host-virus relations between different solanum species and viruses. | we have studied the susceptibility or resistance of solanum capsicastrum link. et schauer, s. comatum sendt., s. dulcamara l., s. luteum mill., s. malacoxylon sendt. and s. nigrum l. to three aphid transmissible viruses [alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (amv), potato m. carlavirus (pvm) and potato s carlavirus (pvs)]. out of the species, s. capsicastrum, s. comatum, s. dulcamara, s. malacoxylon and s. nigrum to amv, s. capsicastrum and s. malacoxylon to pvm and s. capsicastrum, s. luteum and s. nigrum ... | 2001 | 12425036 |
| phosphorylation-dependent down-regulation of c-myb dna binding is abrogated by a point mutation in the v-myb oncogene. | the viral myb (v-myb) oncoprotein of the avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) is an activated form of the cellular transcription factor c-myb causing acute monoblastic leukemia in chicken. oncogenic v-myb alterations include n- and c-terminal deletions as well as point mutations. whereas truncations in myb cause loss of various protein modifications, none of the point mutations in v-myb has been directly linked to protein modifications. here we show that the dna-binding domain of c-myb can be phosph ... | 2003 | 12456674 |
| purified tomato spotted wilt virus particles support both genome replication and transcription in vitro. | purified tomato spotted wilt virus particles were shown to support either genome replication or transcription in vitro, depending on the conditions chosen. transcriptional activity was observed only upon addition of rabbit reticulocyte lysate, indicating a dependence on translation. under these conditions rna molecules of subgenomic length were synthesized that hybridized to strand-specific probes for the n and nss genes. cloning of these transcripts demonstrated the presence of nonviral leader ... | 2002 | 12490389 |
| the importance of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein dimers in the initiation of replication. | deletion and substitution mutations affecting the oligomerization of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) coat protein (cp) were studied in protoplasts to determine their effect on genome activation, an early step in amv replication. the cp mutants that formed dimers, cpdeltac9 and cpc-a(r)f, were highly active in initiating replication with 63-84% of wild-type (wt) cp activity. however, all mutants that did not form dimers, cpdeltac18, cpdeltac19, cpc-wfp, and cpc-w, were much less active with 19-33% of ... | 2003 | 12504539 |
| [old and new prescriptions for infectious diseases and the newest recipes for biomedical products in plants]. | the three antiviral vaccines discovered in the 18th century (smallpox), 19th century (rabies), and 20th century (polio) share a common feature: none would ever be licensed today for human vaccination. yet jenner's smallpox vaccine led to the eradication of smallpox, pasteur's rabies vaccine represented the first successful post-exposure treatment of people bitten by rabid animals, and polio vaccine administered since its discovery in 1950 is leading to the eradication of polio (in the years 2004 ... | 2002 | 12549429 |
| the expression of the saccharomyces cerevisiae hal1 gene increases salt tolerance in transgenic watermelon [citrullus lanatus (thunb.) matsun. & nakai.]. | an optimised agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer protocol was developed in order to obtain watermelon transgenic plants [citrullus lanatus (thunb.) matsun. & nakai.]. transformation efficiencies ranged from 2.8% to 5.3%, depending on the cultivar. the method was applied to obtain genetically engineered watermelon plants expressing the saccharomyces cerevisiae hal1 gene related to salt tolerance. in order to enhance its constitutive expression in plants, the hal1 gene was cloned in a pbin19 plas ... | 2003 | 12783167 |
| function and glycosylation of plant-derived antiviral monoclonal antibody. | plant genetic engineering led to the production of plant-derived mab (mabp), which provides a safe and economically feasible alternative to the current methods of antibody production in animal systems. in this study, the heavy and light chains of human anti-rabies mab were expressed and assembled in planta under the control of two strong constitutive promoters. an alfalfa mosaic virus untranslated leader sequence and lys-asp-glu-leu (kdel) endoplasmic reticulum retention signal were linked at th ... | 2003 | 12799460 |
| expression of a recombinant gag protein from endogenous avian virus and its use in screening for antibody reactivity in recipients of chick-derived vaccines. | virions incorporating endogenous avian virus (eav) rna have been identified in chick-derived biological products, including the vaccines used to protect against measles, mumps, and yellow fever. the presence of eav in these vaccines raises safety concerns regarding transmission to vaccine recipients. development of a serologic assay to detect antibodies to eav required the discovery of a diagnostic eav antigen and reactive antiserum. for this purpose, we have identified and expressed an eav caps ... | 2003 | 12922106 |
| size and shape of alfalfa mosaic virus. | 1958 | 13517288 | |
| association of infectivity with alfalfa mosaic virus bottom component only. | 1961 | 13686525 | |
| chemical composition of partially purified alfalfa mosaic virus. | 1961 | 13702123 | |
| a case of interference between alfalfa mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus. | 1960 | 13729306 | |
| macromolecular particles associated with alfalfa mosaic virus. | 1960 | 13796366 | |
| x-ray studies on top component a and bottom component of alfalfa mosaic virus. | 1962 | 13996037 | |
| biophysical and biochemical properties of top component a and bottom component of alfalfa mosaic virus. | 1962 | 14031785 | |
| the base ratio of alfalfa mosaic virus nucleic acid. | 1964 | 14166123 | |
| the base composition ribonucleic acids from alfalfa mosaic virus components. | 1964 | 14187921 | |
| preparation of protein subunits from alfalfa mosaic virus under mild conditions. | 1962 | 14454982 | |
| concentration and specific infectivity changes of alfalfa mosaic virus during systemic infection. | 1961 | 14460323 | |
| coordinate replication of alfalfa mosaic virus rnas 1 and 2 involves cis- and trans-acting functions of the encoded helicase-like and polymerase-like domains. | rnas 1 and 2 of the tripartite genome of alfalfa mosaic virus encode the replicase proteins p1 and p2, respectively, whereas rna 3 encodes the movement protein and coat protein. transient expression of wild-type (wt) and mutant viral rnas and proteins by agroinfiltration of plant leaves was used to study cis- and trans-acting functions of the helicase-like domain in p1 and the polymerase-like domain in p2. three mutations in conserved motifs of the helicase-like domain of p1 affected one or more ... | 2003 | 14512529 |
| the 5' untranslated region of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 1 is involved in negative-strand rna synthesis. | the three genomic rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus each contain a unique 5' untranslated region (5' utr). replacement of the 5' utr of rna 1 by that of rna 2 or 3 yielded infectious replicons. the sequence of a putative 5' stem-loop structure in rna 1 was found to be required for negative-strand rna synthesis. a similar putative 5' stem-loop structure is present in rna 2 but not in rna 3. | 2003 | 14512577 |
| capped mrnas with reduced secondary structure can function in extracts from poliovirus-infected cells. | extracts from poliovirus-infected hela cells were used to study ribosome binding of native and denatured reovirus mrnas and translation of capped mrnas with different degrees of secondary structure. here, we demonstrate that ribosomes in extracts from poliovirus-infected cells could form initiation complexes with denatured reovirus mrna, in contrast to their inability to bind native reovirus mrna. furthermore, the capped alfalfa mosaic virus 4 rna, which is most probably devoid of stable seconda ... | 1982 | 14582204 |
| improvement of extraction and processing of rna from renal biopsies. | assessment of mrna levels has the potential to predict renal outcome. the objective of this study was to optimize several steps in the protocol for obtaining cdna from routine clinical kidney biopsy material. | 2004 | 14675040 |
| spatial determinants of the alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein binding site. | the biological functions of rna-protein complexes are, for the most part, poorly defined. here, we describe experiments that are aimed at understanding the functional significance of alfalfa mosaic virus rna-coat protein binding, an interaction that parallels the initiation of viral rna replication. peptides representing the rna-binding domain of the viral coat protein are biologically active in initiating replication and bind to a 39-nt 3'-terminal rna with a stoichiometry of two peptides: 1 rn ... | 2004 | 14681584 |
| [use of three-hybrid system to detect rna-binding activity of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein]. | we used yeast three-hybrid system, for studying interaction of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein amvcp (amvcp) with rna4, which codes this protein. we have shown that amvcp with high affinity is bound to plus-chain of rna4 in vivo. the mutational analysis has shown, that the n-terminal part of amvcp (aa 1 to 85) contains rna-binding domain. c-terminal part of this protein (aa 86 to 221) does not participate in direct interaction with rna4. however activity of the reporter-gene lacz, which codes ... | 2003 | 14681978 |
| efficient translation of alfamovirus rnas requires the binding of coat protein dimers to the 3' termini of the viral rnas. | the coat protein (cp) of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is required to initiate infection by the viral tripartite rna genome whereas infection by the tripartite brome mosaic virus (bmv) genome is independent of cp. amv cp stimulates translation of amv rna in vivo 50- to 100-fold. the 3' untranslated region (utr) of the amv subgenomic cp messenger rna 4 contains at least two cp binding sites. a cp binding site in the 3'-terminal 112 nucleotides of rna 4 was found to be required for efficient translat ... | 2004 | 14718638 |
| similarities and differences between the subgenomic and minus-strand promoters of an rna plant virus. | promoter regions required for minus-strand and subgenomic rna synthesis have been mapped for several plus-strand rna viruses. in general, the two types of promoters do not share structural features even though they are recognized by the same viral polymerase. the minus-strand promoter of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), a plant virus of the family bromoviridae, consists of a triloop hairpin (hpe) which is attached to a 3' trna-like structure (tls). in contrast, the amv subgenomic promoter consists of ... | 2004 | 15047821 |
| quantitation of mlv-based retroviral vectors using real-time rt-pcr. | murine leukaemia virus-based vectors quantitation is a time consuming process that can take up to five days. in order to reduce this time a real-time rt-pcr was developed. this method quantifies vectors without an rna extraction step, using amv reverse transcriptase and lightcycler technology. besides a low quantitation time, this method has the advantages of using a plasmid dna standard curve with good reproducibility, and of having a high sensitivity (3 x 10(2) particles/microl) as well as an ... | 2004 | 15158592 |
| degenerate in vitro genetic selection reveals mutations that diminish alfalfa mosaic virus rna replication without affecting coat protein binding. | the alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rnas are infectious only in the presence of the viral coat protein; however, the mechanisms describing coat protein's role during replication are disputed. we reasoned that mechanistic details might be revealed by identifying rna mutations in the 3'-terminal coat protein binding domain that increased or decreased rna replication without affecting coat protein binding. degenerate (doped) in vitro genetic selection, based on a pool of randomized 39-mers, was used to ... | 2004 | 15254175 |
| a short insert in the leader sequence of rna 3l, a long variant of alfalfa mosaic virus rna3, introduces two unidentified reading frames. | n20-rna 3l, a large form of rna 3 associated with alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) strain n20 comprises 2281 nt and has approximately 97% overall sequence similarity to the longest previously described rna 3 of amv strain ysmv (ysmv-rna 3; 2188 nt). compared with ysmv-rna 3, n20-rna 3l contains an additional 97 nt in the 5' leader upstream of the open reading frames for movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp). two overlapping unidentified reading frames (urf1 and urf2) result from this modificatio ... | 2004 | 15550770 |
| cofolding organizes alfalfa mosaic virus rna and coat protein for replication. | alfalfa mosaic virus genomic rnas are infectious only when the viral coat protein binds to the rna 3' termini. the crystal structure of an alfalfa mosaic virus rna-peptide complex reveals that conserved augc repeats and pro-thr-x-arg-ser-x-x-tyr coat protein amino acids cofold upon interacting. alternating augc residues have opposite orientation, and they base pair in different adjacent duplexes. localized rna backbone reversals stabilized by arginine-guanine interactions place the adenosines an ... | 2004 | 15604410 |
| crystallographic structure of the t=1 particle of brome mosaic virus. | t=1 icosahedral particles of amino terminally truncated brome mosaic virus (bmv) protein were created by treatment of the wild-type t=3 virus with 1m cacl2 and crystallized from sodium malonate. diffraction data were collected from frozen crystals to beyond 2.9 a resolution and the structure determined by molecular replacement and phase extension. the particles are composed of pentameric capsomeres from the wild-type virions which have reoriented with respect to the original particle pentameric ... | 2005 | 15713465 |
| peptide-based candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. | we engineered a 21-mer peptide representing amino acids 170-190 of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein as a fusion with the alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) coat protein (cp), produced recombinant almv particles presenting this peptide (vmr-rsv) on their surfaces and tested the immunogenicity in vitro in human dendritic cells and in vivo in non-human primates. significant pathogen-specific immune responses were generated in both systems: (i) human dendritic cells armed with vmr-rsv genera ... | 2005 | 15755607 |
| experimental and natural weed host-virus relations. | weeds, as alternative hosts of plant viruses and nutrient plants of virus vectors play important role in virus ecology and epidemiology. the aim of our study was to discover new weed-virus relations. therefore some weed species were mechanically inoculated with 28 viruses (strains or isolates) maintained in our glasshouse. different weed species with and without visible symptoms were collected from agro-, water ecosystems and wastelands of hungary between 1997 and 2003. virus infections were eva ... | 2004 | 15759395 |
| comparison of dna polymerase activities between recombinant feline immunodeficiency and leukemia virus reverse transcriptases. | in this study, we present enzymatic differences found between recombinant rts derived from feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. firstly, fiv rt showed low steady state k(m) values for dntps compared to felv rt. consistent with this, fiv rt synthesized dna more efficiently than felv rt at low dntp concentrations. we observed similar concentration-dependent activity differences between other lentiviral (hiv-1 and siv) and non-lentiviral (mulv and amv) rts. second, felv rt showe ... | 2005 | 15823610 |
| evaluation of the conformational switch model for alfalfa mosaic virus rna replication. | key elements of the conformational switch model describing regulation of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) replication (r. c. olsthoorn, s. mertens, f. t. brederode, and j. f. bol, embo j. 18:4856-4864, 1999) have been tested using biochemical assays and functional studies in nontransgenic protoplasts. although comparative sequence analysis suggests that the 3' untranslated regions of amv and ilarvirus rnas have the potential to fold into pseudoknots, we were unable to confirm that a proposed pseudokno ... | 2005 | 15827189 |
| coat protein activation of alfalfa mosaic virus replication is concentration dependent. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and ilarvirus rnas are infectious only in the presence of the viral coat protein; therefore, an understanding of coat protein's function is important for defining viral replication mechanisms. based on in vitro replication experiments, the conformational switch model states that amv coat protein blocks minus-strand rna synthesis (r. c. olsthoorn, s. mertens, f. t. brederode, and j. f. bol, embo j. 18:4856-4864, 1999), while another report states that coat protein prese ... | 2005 | 15827190 |
| new features in the genus ilarvirus revealed by the nucleotide sequence of fragaria chiloensis latent virus. | fragaria chiloensis latent virus (fcllv), a member of the genus ilarvirus was first identified in the early 1990s. double-stranded rna was extracted from fcllv infected plants and cloned. the complete nucleotide sequence of the virus has been elucidated. rna 1 encodes a protein with methyltransferase and helicase enzymatic motifs while rna 2 encodes the viral rna dependent rna polymerase and an orf, that shares no homology with other ilarvirus genes. rna 3 codes for movement and coat proteins an ... | 2005 | 15878214 |
| coat protein enhances translational efficiency of alfalfa mosaic virus rnas and interacts with the eif4g component of initiation factor eif4f. | the three plus-strand genomic rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and the subgenomic messenger for viral coat protein (cp) contain a 5'-cap structure, but no 3'-poly(a) tail. binding of cp to the 3' end of amv rnas is required for efficient translation of the viral rnas and to initiate infection in plant cells. to study the role of cp in translation, plant protoplasts were transfected with luciferase (luc) transcripts with 3'-terminal sequences consisting of the 3' untranslated region of amv rna ... | 2005 | 15914864 |
| replication of alfamo- and ilarviruses: role of the coat protein. | in the family bromoviridae, a mixture of the three genomic rnas of bromo-, cucumo-, and oleaviruses is infectious as such, whereas the rnas of alfamo- and ilarviruses require binding of a few molecules of coat protein (cp) to the 3' end to initiate infection. most studies on the early function of cp have been done on the alfamovirus alfalfa mosaic virus (amv). the 3' 112 nucleotides of amv rnas can adopt two different conformations. one conformer consists of a trna-like structure that, together ... | 2005 | 16078876 |
| evolutionary relationships among members of the bromoviridae deduced from whole proteome analysis. | many molecular phylogenies of viruses build upon the analysis of single genes. the study of whole-genomes, however, might yield more reliable information to infer tree topologies and a better approach for drawing the evolutionary history of virus families. in this study, we apply a novel comparative proteomic approach to seek whether incorporating information from the entire proteome would support the actual taxonomy of the family bromoviridae. our results suggest that the current taxonomic clas ... | 2006 | 16172839 |
| advances in alfalfa mosaic virus-mediated expression of anthrax antigen in planta. | plant viruses show great potential for production of pharmaceuticals in plants. such viruses can harbor a small antigenic peptide(s) as a part of their coat proteins (cp) and elicit an antigen-specific immune response. here, we report the high yield and consistency in production of recombinant alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) particles for specific presentation of the small loop 15 amino acid epitope from domain-4 of the bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pa-d4s). the epitope was inserted immedia ... | 2005 | 16236249 |
| optimization of acidothermus cellulolyticus endoglucanase (e1) production in transgenic tobacco plants by transcriptional, post-transcription and post-translational modification. | an attempt was made to obtain a high-level production of intact acidothermus cellulolyticus endoglucanase (e1) in transgenic tobacco plants. the e1 expression was examined under the control of the constitutive and strong mac promoter or light-inducible tomato rubisco small sub-unit (rbcs-3c) promoter with its original or alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna4 5'-untranslated leader (utl) and targeted to different sub-cellular compartments via transit peptides. the transit peptides included native e1, e ... | 2005 | 16245154 |
| base-pairing potential identified by in vitro selection predicts the kinked rna backbone observed in the crystal structure of the alfalfa mosaic virus rna-coat protein complex. | the three-dimensional structure of the 3' terminus of alfalfa mosaic virus rna in complex with an amino-terminal coat protein peptide revealed an unusual rna fold with inter-augc basepairing stabilized by key arginine residues (guogas, et al., 2004). to probe viral rna interactions with the full-length coat protein, we have used in vitro genetic selection to characterize potential folding patterns among rnas isolated from a complex randomized pool. nitrocellulose filter retention, electrophoreti ... | 2006 | 16312015 |
| cell-to-cell movement of alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of ilar-, bromo-, cucumo-, tobamo- and comoviruses and does not require virion formation. | rna 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) encodes the movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp). chimeric rna 3 with the amv mp gene replaced by the corresponding mp gene of prunus necrotic ringspot virus, brome mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus or cowpea mosaic virus efficiently moved from cell-to-cell only when the expressed mp was extended at its c-terminus with the c-terminal 44 amino acids of amv mp. mp of tobacco mosaic virus supported the movement of the chimeric rna 3 whether or not the mp ... | 2006 | 16316673 |
| expression of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein gene confers cross-protection in transgenic tobacco and tomato plants. | a chimeric gene encoding the alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) coat protein was constructed and introduced into tobacco and tomato plants using ti plasmid-derived plant transformation vectors. the progeny of the self-fertilized transgenic plants were significantly delayed in symptom development and in some cases completely escaped infection after inoculated with almv. the inoculated leaves of the transgenic plants had significantly reduced numbers of lesions and accumulated substantially lower amounts ... | 1987 | 16453764 |
| expression of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4 in transgenic plants confers virus resistance. | agrobacterium-mediated transfer from a binary vector was used to produce transgenic nicotiana tabacum plants that expressed coat protein of the plant virus, alfalfa mosaic virus (amv). expression levels of the chimeric gene, which was under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 19s promoter, were determined in primary transformed plants, in the progeny from self-fertilization and in the progeny from crosses to normal tobacco. rna transcripts that were of the expected size as well as a prot ... | 1987 | 16453779 |
| analysis of the mechanism of protection in transgenic plants expressing the potato virus x coat protein or its antisense rna. | transgenic tobacco plants engineered to express either the potato virus x (pvx) coat protein (cp+) or the antisense coat protein transcript (cp-antisense) were protected from infection by pvx, as indicated by reduced lesion numbers on inoculated leaves, delay or absence of systemic symptom development and reduction in virus accumulation in both inoculated and systemic leaves. the extent of protection observed in cp+ plants primarily depended upon the level of expression of the coat protein. plan ... | 1988 | 16453840 |
| effects of codon modification on human bmp2 gene expression in tobacco plants. | bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2) has great potential in therapeutic applications. we are working on generating transgenic plants as a bioreactor to produce bmp2. we have studied the effects of codon optimization on the expression of human bmp2 (hbmp2) in tobacco plants. three modified hbmp2 genes were transformed into tobacco under the control of either cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv35s) promoter or double-camv35s promoter plus alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) enhancer. the fused beta-glucuroni ... | 2006 | 16491379 |
| detection of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) in pea field in iran. | during the spring and summer, in 2003-2004, pea viruses were identified in twenty pea fields of tehran. some leaf samples were collected randomly from pea fields of tehran. samples were tested by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa) technique using polyclonal antiserum of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), as-0001, dsmz, braunschweig, germany). the samples were extracted in 0.1 m phosphate buffer ph 7 to 7.5 and inoculated on chenopodium amaranticolor, chenopodium quin ... | 2005 | 16637206 |
| host-pathogen interactions : xxxii. a fungal glucan preparation protects nicotianae against infection by viruses. | a glucan preparation obtained from the mycelial walls of the fungus phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea and known as an elicitor of phytoalexins in soybean was shown to be a very efficient inducer of resistance against viruses in tobacco. the glucan preparation protected against mechanically transmitted viral infections on the upper and lower leaf surfaces. whether the glucan preparation was applied by injection, inoculation, or spraying, it protected the plants if applied before, at the same ... | 1989 | 16666737 |
| acquisition of new dna sequences after infection of chicken cells with avian myeloblastosis virus. | dna-rna hybridization studies between 70s rna from avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) and an excess of dna from (i) amv-induced leukemic chicken myeloblasts or (ii) a mixture of normal and of congenitally infected k-137 chicken embryos producing avian leukosis viruses revealed the presence of fast- and slow-hybridizing virus-specific dna sequences. however, the leukemic cells contained twice the level of amv-specific dna sequences observed in normal chicken embryonic cells. the fast-reacting seque ... | 1974 | 16789139 |
| expression of active hbmp2 in transgenic tobacco plants. | bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2) is important for bone tissue repair. the goal of this research is to construct a high level human bmp2 (hbmp2) expression system using transgenic tobacco plants as a bioreactor. cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) enhancer, tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) enhancer, matrix attachment regions (mars) sequence, and "kozak" sequence were used to construct recombinant expression vectors and the high-expression vectors were screened ou ... | 2006 | 16819603 |
| arabidopsis thaliana is an asymptomatic host of alfalfa mosaic virus. | the susceptibility of arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes to infection by alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) was evaluated. thirty-nine ecotypes supported both local and systemic infection, 26 ecotypes supported only local infection, and three ecotypes could not be infected. no obvious symptoms characteristic of virus infection developed on the susceptible ecotypes under standard conditions of culture. parameters of amv infection were characterized in ecotype col-0, which supported systemic infection and accu ... | 2006 | 16875753 |
| a proteomic analysis of protein variations during differentiation of v-myb-transformed monoblasts. | v-myb oncogene of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) transforms myelomonocytic cells in vitro and induces acute monoblastic leukemia in vivo. the transforming effect of the v-myb can be suppressed using phorbol ester (tpa) or histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a (tsa), the inducers of cell differentiation that are in clinical trials. in this study, we used proteomics-based approach to identify proteins with variable expression in differentiated bm2 cells. proteome variations induced by tpa ... | 2007 | 16930693 |
| optimized expression vector for ion channel studies in xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells using alfalfa mosaic virus. | plasmid vectors used for mammalian expression or for in vitro crna translation can differ substantially and are rarely cross-compatible. to make comparisons between mammalian and xenopus oocyte expression systems, it would be advantageous to use a single vector without the need for shuttle vectors or subcloning. we have designed such a vector, designated puniv for universal, with elements that will allow for in vitro or ex vivo expression in multiple cell types. we tested the expression of puniv ... | 2007 | 17146677 |
| spider dragline silk proteins in transgenic tobacco leaves: accumulation and field production. | spider dragline silk is a unique biomaterial and represents nature's strongest known fibre. as it is almost as strong as many commercial synthetic fibres, it is suitable for use in many industrial and medical applications. the prerequisite for such a widespread use is the cost-effective production in sufficient quantities for commercial fibre manufacturing. agricultural biotechnology and the production of recombinant dragline silk proteins in transgenic plants offer the potential for low-cost, l ... | 2004 | 17168889 |
| occurrence of viruses infecting pea in iran. | a survey was conducted to determine the incidence of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), broad bean wilt virus-1 (bbwv), pea leafroll virus (plrv), pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), pea seed borne mosaic virus (psbmv), potato virus x(pvx), tomato mosaic virus (tomv), tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) on pea (pisum sativum) in iran. a total of 1276 random and 684 symptomatic pea samples were collected during the spring and summer of 2002-2004 in tehran province of iran, whe ... | 2006 | 17390891 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein bridges rna and rna-dependent rna polymerase in vitro. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna replication requires the viral coat protein (cp). amv cp is an integral component of the viral replicase; moreover, it binds to the viral rna 3'-termini and induces the formation of multiple new base pairs that organize the rna conformation. the results described here suggest that amv coat protein binding defines template selection by organizing the 3'-terminal rna conformation and by positioning the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) at the initiation site for mi ... | 2007 | 17400272 |
| antiviral activity of oxidized polyamines. | polyamines, oxidized by serum amine oxidase, yield aminoaldehydes and hydrogen peroxide. acrolein may be formed from the aminoaldehydes by a spontaneous beta-elimination process. these oxidation products "oxidized polyamines" inhibit bacterial growth and exhibit anticancer activity. the antimicrobial activity of oxidized polyamines is not limited to bacteria; and the inactivation of bacterial viruses, plant viruses and animal viruses, was also reported. bacteriophages of the t-odd series are per ... | 2007 | 17429570 |
| prediction of mhc binding peptides and epitopes from alfalfa mosaic virus. | peptide fragments from alfalfa mosaic virus involved multiple antigenic components directing and empowering the immune system to protect the host from infection. mhc molecules are cell surface proteins, which take active part in host immune reactions and involvement of mhc class-i & ii in response to almost all antigens. coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus contains 221 aa residues. analysis found five mhc ligands in coat protein as 64-lssfnglgv-72; 86- rileedliy-94; 96-mvfsitpsy-104; 100- itpsy ... | 2007 | 17691913 |
| the promoter regions of the myb-regulated adora2b and mcm4 genes co-localize with origins of dna replication. | the retroviral oncogene v-myb encodes a transcription factor (v-myb) which is responsible for the transformation of myelomonocytic cells by avian myeloblastosis virus (amv). v-myb is thought to exert its biological effects by deregulating the expression of specific target genes. we have recently demonstrated that the chicken gas41 gene, whose promoter co-localizes with an origin of dna replication, is a bona fide myb target gene. because of this finding we have asked whether other myb-regulated ... | 2007 | 17822556 |
| trans-lesion synthesis and rnaseh activity by reverse transcriptases on a true abasic rna template. | while much is known about abasic dna, the biological impact of abasic rna is largely unexplored. to test the mutagenic potential of this rna lesion in the context of retroviruses, we synthesized a 31-mer oligoribonucleotide containing an abasic (ras) site and used it as a template for studying dna primer extension by hiv-1, avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) and moloney murine leukemia virus (mmlv) reversed transcriptases (rt). we found that trans-lesion synthesis readily takes place with hiv-1 rt ... | 2007 | 17932068 |
| [study on evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase inhibitor by elisa]. | to establish an elisa method for detecting the activity of reverse transcriptase. | 2007 | 17940565 |
| a dual activation mechanism for myb-responsive genes in myelomonocytic cells. | the retroviral oncogene v-myb encodes a transcription factor (v-myb) which is responsible for the transformation of myelomonocytic cells by avian myeloblastosis virus (amv). v-myb is thought to exert its biological effects by deregulating the expression of specific target genes. here we have used dnasei hypersensitive site mapping and reporter gene assays to study the activation of three myb target genes--mim-1, the lysozyme gene and the c/ebpbeta gene--all of which are activated by myb in myelo ... | 2008 | 17950008 |
| oncogenic point mutations in the myb dna-binding domain alter the dna-binding properties of myb at a physiological target gene. | the oncoprotein v-myb of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) transforms myelomonocytic cells by deregulating specific target genes. previous work has shown that the oncogenic potential of v-myb was activated by truncation of n- and c-terminal sequences of c-myb and was further increased by amino acid substitutions in the dna-binding domain and other parts of the protein. we have analyzed the activation of the chicken lysozyme gene which is strongly activated by c-myb but not by its oncogenic counte ... | 2007 | 17959653 |
| comparison of the thermal stabilities of reverse transcriptases from avian myeloblastosis virus and moloney murine leukaemia virus. | reverse transcriptases (rts) from avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) and moloney murine leukaemia virus (mmlv) have been most extensively used as a tool for conversion of rna to dna. in this study, we compared the thermal stabilities of amv rt and mmlv rt by observing their irreversible thermal inactivation. the temperatures reducing initial activity by 50% in 10-min incubation, t(50), of amv rt were 47 degrees c without the template-primer (t/p), poly(ra)-p(dt)(12-18), and 52 degrees c with the t ... | 2008 | 18006517 |
| novel fret-based assay to detect reverse transcriptase activity using modified dutp analogues. | we have developed a novel continuous assay to measure reverse transcriptase (rt) polymerase activity. the assay uses fluorescence energy transfer measurements to detect the incorporation of complementary pairs of fluorescently labeled deoxyuridine into cdna product. the fluorescently labeled dutp substrates were prepared using commercially available reagents with a simple coupling reaction. the fluorescent dye pairs have significant spectral overlap which allows fret interaction between dyes inc ... | 2008 | 18163534 |
| expression of modified gene encoding functional human alpha-1-antitrypsin protein in transgenic tomato plants. | transgenic plants offer promising alternative for large scale, sustainable production of safe, functional, recombinant proteins of therapeutic and industrial importance. here, we report the expression of biologically active human alpha-1-antitrypsin in transgenic tomato plants. the 1,182 bp cdna sequence of human aat was strategically designed, modified and synthesized to adopt codon usage pattern of dicot plants, elimination of mrna destabilizing sequences and modifications around 5' and 3' fla ... | 2008 | 18320339 |
| avian myeoloblastosis virus (amv): only one side of the coin. | for many years, scientists and suppliers have refered to amv-rt as the reverse transcriptase produced by the avian myelobalstosis virus. this manuscript briefly reviews the molecular basis for biological dependence of amv for the envelope and rt proteins that are produced by its natural helper the myeloblastosis associated virus (mav). because the wide use of the term <<amv rt>> obscures scientific facts, it is worthwhile to clarify this issue for the scientific community, especially for younger ... | 2008 | 18558010 |
| the promiscuous evolutionary history of the family bromoviridae. | recombination and segment reassortment are important contributors to the standing genetic variation of rna viruses and are often involved in the genesis of new, emerging viruses. this study explored the role played by these two processes in the evolutionary radiation of the plant virus family bromoviridae. the evolutionary history of this family has been explored previously using standard molecular phylogenetic methods, but incongruences have been found among the trees inferred from different ge ... | 2008 | 18559945 |
| enhancement of infectivity by combination of two ribonucleic acid components from alfalfa mosaic virus. | rna was extracted from alfalfa mosaic virus 425. infectivity was determined in density gradient fractions and in all possible combinations of two fractions. certain combinations were remarkably infectious. this led to the purification through two cycles of sucrose gradient centrifugation of a 27 s and a 14 s rna, from bottom component and top component a, respectively. the purified bottom component rna had a low infectivity; when purified top component a rna was added, infectivity increased cons ... | 1967 | 18614088 |