Publications

peptidergic innervation of the major salivary glands of the ferret.	in parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands of the ferret, morphological correlates were looked for, using immunocytochemistry, to previous physiological findings showing parasympathetic "atropine-resistant" salivary secretion and neuropeptide-evoked salivation in this species. nerve fibers storing vip were numerous in association with acini, ducts and blood vessels, while the number of fibers storing substance p was moderate and those containing cgrp and galanin few; also the number of npy- ...	1990	2235685
a map of visual space induced in primary auditory cortex.	maps of sensory surfaces are a fundamental feature of sensory cortical areas of the brain. the relative roles of afferents and targets in forming neocortical maps in higher mammals can be examined in ferrets in which retinal inputs are directed into the auditory pathway. in these animals, the primary auditory cortex contains a systematic representation of the retina (and of visual space) rather than a representation of the cochlea (and of sound frequency). a representation of a two-dimensional s ...	1990	2237432
molecular characterization of a new hemagglutinin, subtype h14, of influenza a virus.	two influenza a viruses whose hemagglutinin (ha) did not react with any of the reference antisera for the 13 recognized ha subtypes were isolated from mallard ducks in the ussr. antigenic analysis by hemagglutination inhibition and double immunodiffusion tests showed that the has of these viruses are similar to each other but distinct from the has of other influenza a viruses. nucleotide sequence analysis showed that these ha genes differ from each other by only 21 nucleotides. however, they dif ...	1990	2238469
the effect of surgical anaesthesia on antral motility in the ferret.	gastric motility was recorded from ferrets chronically prepared with an antral strain gauge. in fasted animals, antral motility showed cycles of activity and quiescence typical of the migrating motor complex (mmc) with a period of 44.7 +/- 6.1 min (n = 4). anaesthesia with pentobarbitone sodium (50 mg/kg) disrupted this interdigestive motor pattern which returned along with recovery from anaesthesia. the first cycle of antral motility occurred 119 +/- 23.9 min after the onset of anaesthesia and ...	1990	2245020
regulation of force in skinned, single cells of ferret aortic smooth muscle.	an isolation technique was developed for single cells from the ferret aorta, which resulted in the isolation of long (87 +/- 27 microns; x +/- sd, n = 62), relaxed, pharmacologically active smooth muscle cells. these cells were attached to microtools, one of which was connected to a force transducer. force in maximally phenylephrine-stimulated contractions of the intact cells averaged 2.3 +/- 1.4 micron (n = 17). after cell skinning with saponin, the threshold for force development was 0.05 micr ...	1990	2247345
reproductive failure in mink and ferrets after intravenous or oral inoculation of campylobacter jejuni.	four pregnant mink and seven pregnant ferrets, including five with previous exposure and specific antibody, were injected intravenously with 10(8)-10(10) colony-forming units of campylobacter jejuni. all 11 pregnancies failed 1-16 days after infection, with results ranging from fetal resorption to expulsion of dead or premature living kits. in every case, uterine contents (placenta, uterine fluid and/or kits) were culture-positive for c. jejuni. three pregnant mink and nine pregnant ferrets, inc ...	1990	2249178
the development of the periodontal ligament with special reference to collagen fibre ontogeny.	the development of the periodontal ligament was investigated from serial sections of the mandibles of ferrets ranging in age from 42 days to 66 days post partum. both succedaneous and non-succedaneous teeth were studied and similarities were seen in both types of tooth. no significant amounts of alveolar bone were observed being deposited beneath the erupting root apices and periodontal collagen fibres were seen attached to the walls of the sockets just prior to emergence of the crown into the o ...	1990	2254296
mechanical removal of airway epithelium disrupts mast cells and releases granules.	many previous investigators have utilized mechanical rubbing as a method for examining effects of epithelial removal. in the present study, we examined whether this procedure also affects mast cell integrity in the underlying lamina propria. we isolated bronchial rings from six ferrets, and we found that removal of epithelium by rubbing decreased the total number of intact mast cells from 10.0 +/- 1.9 to 2.2 +/- 0.6 (se) mast cells/mm luminal perimeter (p less than 0.01). in addition, we found a ...	1990	2260671
23na-nmr measurements of intracellular sodium in intact perfused ferret hearts during ischemia and reperfusion.	23na nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy was utilized to measure intracellular na+ in perfused ferret hearts exposed to the shift reagent dysprosium triethylenetramine-hexa-acetic acid [dy(ttha)3-]. the intracellular na+ signal was small under normal perfusion conditions; resolution was enhanced by using a jump-return nmr pulse protocol. during 20 min of total global ischemia at 30 degrees c, intracellular na+ concentration ([na+]i) increased steadily to a peak value fivefold greater t ...	1990	2260701
neutron spectrum measurements in the aluminum oxide filtered beam facility at the brookhaven medical research reactor.	neutron spectrum measurements were performed on the aluminum oxide filter installed in the brookhaven medical research reactor (bmrr). for these measurements, activation foils were irradiated at the exit port of the beam facility. a technique based on dominant resonances in selected activation reactions was used to measure the epithermal neutron spectrum. the fast and intermediate-energy ranges of the neutron spectrum were measured by threshold reactions and 10b-shielded 235u fission reactions. ...	1990	2268243
the auditory periphery of the ferret. i: directional response properties and the pattern of interaural level differences.	the transformations of sound by the auditory periphery of the ferret have been investigated using an impulse response technique for a large number of sound locations surrounding the animal. individual frequencies were extracted from the detailed spectral transformation functions (stfs) obtained for each stimulus location and, using sophisticated spatial interpolation routines, were used to calculate the directional response of the periphery at that frequency. the strength of the directional resp ...	1990	2269734
the auditory periphery of the ferret. ii: the spectral transformations of the external ear and their implications for sound localization.	in the previous paper the directional response characteristics of the ferret auditory periphery were examined. in this study further measurements of the spectral transfer functions (stfs) of the auditory periphery were obtained at locations close to the tympanic membrane. there was considerable variation in the stfs recorded from different animals and between recordings made at each end of the auditory canal in the same animal. however, calculation of the so called "location dependency function" ...	1990	2269735
intracellular free magnesium and its regulation, studied in isolated ferret ventricular muscle with ion-selective microelectrodes.	intracellular free magnesium ([mg2+]i) was measured in isolated ferret papillary muscles using ion-selective microelectrodes filled with the new magnesium sensor eth 5214. this new sensor, unlike its predecessor eth 1117, does not react to marked changes in k+, na+ or ph. reducing ca2+ from 20 microm to around 10 nm also did not affect the response so these electrodes are ideally suited to study intracellular mg2+ and its regulation. the mean value for the [mg2+]i from thirty-two experiments (fo ...	1990	2271154
adaptation of the mechanisms controlling gastric motility following chronic vagotomy in the ferret.	changes in gastric motility were studied in the urethane-anaesthetized ferret following acute or chronic (3 weeks) vagotomy. the stomach was divided into the corpus and antrum and the effects of vagotomy on tone, frequency and contraction amplitude were investigated separately in the two gastric regions. in the corpus tone is kept at low levels by vagal activation of nonadrenergic, non-cholinergic (nanc) inhibitory neurones and also tonic sympathetic inhibition of intramural cholinergic activity ...	1990	2271159
role of vagal afferent c fibres in the bradycardiac response to an increase in arterial blood pressure in ferrets.	the effects on baroreceptor reflexes of bilateral application of the c fibre neurotoxin, capsaicin, to the cervical vagi have been investigated in decerebrate ferrets. baroreflex sensitivity was estimated from the relationship between cardiac interval and systolic blood pressure following i.v. infusion of phenylephrine. control responses to phenylephrine were fitted by two linear slopes with an initial shallow slope, a, followed by a steeper slope, b. capsaicin abolished slope b and the resultin ...	1990	2271165
the distribution and morphology of corticogeniculate axons in ferrets.	this study examined the distribution of axons in the lateral geniculate (lgn) and adjacent nuclei following injections of wheat germ agglutinin bound to horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp), [3h]proline and biocytin into area 17 in ferrets. terminal label was found in the lgn, perigeniculate (pgn), medial interlaminar (min) and lateral posterior (lp) nuclei. lgn label was more concentrated in the interlaminar zones. analysis of axonal morphology showed that different axon types project to lgn, min a ...	1990	2271942
flow-volume characteristics in the pulmonary circulation.	isolated ferret and canine lungs were used to validate a method for assessing determinants of vascular volume in the pulmonary circulation. with left atrial pressure (pla) constant at 5 mmhg, flow (q) was raised in steps over a physiological range. changes in vascular volume (delta v) with each increment in q were determined as the opposite of changes in perfusion system reservoir weight or from the increase in lung weight. at each level of q, the pulmonary arterial and left atrial cannulas were ...	1990	2272968
force production following transient potential changes in voltage-clamped myocardium.	inter-relationships between force, membrane voltage and currents were studied in ferret and guinea-pig papillary muscles using the single sucrose gap technique (37 degrees c). the preparations were held at -90 or -40 mv and depolarized (excited) to 0 mv for 180 ms at 1.0 hz. at regular intervals the shape of a single clamp pulse (called '1') was varied and its effects were investigated during the same test cycle and in two subsequent test cycles ('2' and '3'). peak force of contraction 1 (f1) in ...	1990	2275406
the visual pathways of eutherian mammals and marsupials develop according to a common timetable.	data from cats, ferrets, hamsters, macaques, mice, rabbits and rats concerning the time of occurrence of 26 developmental events involved in the establishment of the retinofugal, geniculocortical, corticogeniculate and corticocollicular pathways were analysed. for each species the timing of developmental events was expressed as a proportion of the period between conception and eye opening ('caecal period'). for 6 of these events, the values for all species fell within a range of 1-5% of the caec ...	1990	2279233
bile reflux and the gastric mucosa: an experimental ferret model.	to study the effects of chronic bile reflux on the mammalian gastric mucosa, the ferret model was chosen for its practical aptitude and for its similarity to human gastric anatomy and physiology. a technique was first perfected for endoscopically directed gastric mucosal biopsy in the ferret. subsequently, a surgical model of maximal enterogastric reflux (mr) and a control model of minimal reflux or "nonreflux" (nr) were developed. a stable population of 9 mr and 9 nr ferrets surviving 1-3 years ...	1990	2285676
ultrastructural study of tracer permeability through the cat and ferret enamel organ.	the access of exogenous materials to the developing enamel surface has been intensively studied in rodents, but not in other mammalian species. this ultrastructural study investigates the permeability of injected horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and lanthanum tracers in cat and ferret tooth buds. in cat enamel organs fixed by immersion, lanthanum did not escape the capillaries overlying secretory stage tooth buds, but it did permeate up to the distal junctions of ruffle-ended (ra) and the proximal j ...	1990	2288004
exposure to triphenyl phosphite results in widespread degeneration in the mammalian central nervous system.	previous studies in mammals have found that exposure to triphenyl phosphite results in cellular and axonal degeneration in the spinal cord and medulla. however, the nature of concomitant clinical signs suggested that other areas of the central nervous system might also be affected. in this study, the brains of ferrets receiving single subcutaneous injections of triphenyl phosphite were examined 8-12 days after dosing. widespread areas of axonal, terminal, and somatic degeneration were seen in me ...	1990	2289128
kinetics of deoxyglucose (dg) and fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg) metabolism in rat and ferret brain.		1990	2298832
distemper vaccination in ferrets.		1990	2301133
mechanism of ischemic contracture in ferret hearts: relative roles of [ca2+]i elevation and atp depletion.	when coronary perfusion is interrupted, the diastolic force generated by the myocardium first falls but eventually increases. the delayed rise in force, ischemic contracture, has been attributed either to atp depletion or to elevation of the intracellular free calcium concentration ([ca2+]i). to distinguish between these possibilities, we measured [ca2+]i and atp concentration [( atp]) in ferret hearts using nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. mean time-average [ca2+]i and [atp] equal ...	1990	2301617
the influence of ph on ca2+ exchange in ferret heart mitochondria.	the effect of ph changes on ca2+ transport by isolated heart mitochondria was measured. two components of ca2+ transport were identified, an accumulation dependent on mitochondrial respiration and a na+-dependent efflux. a decrease of ph over the range 7.7-6.7 reduced the initial rate and the total amount of respiration dependent ca2+ accumulation. at ph 7.2 the [na+] required to activate half-maximal efflux, k1/2, was 7.5 +/- 1.1 mm. decreasing the ph over the range 7.7 to 6.9 increased the k1/ ...	1990	2306247
changes in intracellular calcium during mechanical alternans in isolated ferret ventricular muscle.	alternans in heart is important as pulsus alternans in cardiac failure and electrophysiological alternans in myocardial ischemia. the explanation of this phenomenon is still unclear. we attempted to investigate the cellular mechanisms of alternans by measuring intracellular free calcium concentration [( ca2+]i) with the photoprotein aequorin in isolated ferret papillary muscles. tension and length were also recorded simultaneously. transient mechanical alternans lasting five to 20 contractions c ...	1990	2306800
measurement of dietary and dentifrice effects upon calculus accumulation rates in the domestic ferret.	most animal models for the study of calculus accumulation and control currently use rodents or dogs. in an effort to overcome limitations inherent in the use of these species, we investigated calculus formation in domestic ferrets, a species used by king et al. in the 1940's and 1950's. ferrets are much smaller than dogs, and, unlike rodents, can be scored while alive. in this study, we examined the kinetics of calculus formation in female ferrets fed with moist canned cat food--either plain or ...	1990	2307747
cocirculation of two distinct evolutionary lineages of influenza type b virus since 1983.	during 1988-1989 two highly distinct antigenic variants of influenza type b were recognized in hemagglutination-inhibition tests with postinfection ferret serum. these viruses were antigenically related to either b/victoria/2/87, the most recent reference strain, or b/yamagata/16/88, a variant that was isolated in japan in may 1988. all influenza b viruses isolated in the united states during an epidemic in the winter of 1988-1989 were antigenically related to b/victoria/2/87. however, in severa ...	1990	2309452
nerve stimulation releases mucosa-derived inhibitory factors, both prostanoids and nonprostanoids, in isolated ferret trachea.	the influence of an intact mucosa layer in isolated ferret trachea on the contractile responses to repeated, short-lasting (20 s, every 2 min) nerve stimulations was studied in a nerve-muscle preparation stimulated to cholinergic-evoked contractions by either direct vagal nerve stimulation (dns) or transmural electrical field stimulation (efs). the contractile responses were monitored by three strain gauges connected to the proximal, middle, and distal segments of the trachea. the mucosa was eit ...	1990	2310103
gastric nitrite processing in the surgically altered maximal and minimal bile reflux ferret model.	ingested nitrate and nitrite have been shown to contribute to endogenous, n-nitroso compound formation in man and experimental animals. n-nitroso compounds have long been suspected of contributing to higher levels of gastric cancer in various populations. reconstructive gastric surgery to treat ulcers is accompanied by a change in bile reflux, gastritis and an increased incidence of gastric cancer in humans. to evaluate possible connections between gastric nitrite processing, reconstructive surg ...	1990	2311183
changes in airway length after unilateral pneumonectomy in weanling ferrets.	we have previously shown that airway cross-sectional area increases 15-20% after pneumonectomy in weanling ferrets by measuring bronchial casts. we have now reanalyzed these same casts to quantitate changes in airway length after pneumonectomy. in each cast the distance from each of 120 airways to the terminal bronchiole along its axial pathway was measured. the relationship between the logarithm of this distance and that of the fraction of the lobe subtended by an airway could be described by a ...	1990	2312458
does leukotriene c4 mediate hypoxic vasoconstriction in isolated ferret lungs?	to evaluate leukotriene (lt) c4 as a mediator of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, we examined the effects of fpl55712, a putative lt antagonist, and indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on vasopressor responses to ltc4 and hypoxia (inspired o2 tension = 25 torr) in isolated ferret lungs perfused with a constant flow (50 ml.kg-1.min-1). pulmonary arterial injections of ltc4 caused dose-related increases in pulmonary arterial pressure during perfusion with physiological salt solution conta ...	1990	2312466
retinofugal fibres change conduction velocity and diameter between the optic nerve and tract in ferrets.	in earlier studies of central nervous fibre tracts, it was tacitly assumed that individual axons are relatively uniform along their length. in the retinofugal pathway in particular, axon diameter, myelin thickness and correlated conduction properties have been treated as constant throughout the optic nerve, chiasm and tract. we report here that the conduction velocities of fibres contributing to the early components of the compound action potential are significantly greater in the optic tract th ...	1990	2314474
oestrus control in the ferret.		1990	2316138
laboratory properties of cold-adapted influenza b live vaccine strains developed in the us and ussr, and their b/ann arbor/1/86 cold-adapted reassortant vaccine candidates.	the adaptation of two influenza b strains (b/leningrad/14/55 and b/ann arbor/1/66) to replication at 25 degrees c is described. comparison of the two viruses indicates that both also exhibit temperature sensitive phenotypes, although that of the virus b/leningrad/14/55 is less pronounced. when inoculated into ferrets both viruses replicate well in the trachea, but only the b/leningrad/14/55 cold-adapted virus replicates in the lungs. this virus exhibited a moderate level of attenuation in the an ...	1990	2316285
prenatal and neonatal testosterone exposure interact to affect differentiation of sexual behavior and partner preference in female ferrets.	implanting testosterone (t) subcutaneously over postnatal days 5-20 masculinized sexual behavior, reduced proceptive responsiveness, and shifted sexual preference more readily in male than in female ferrets gonadectomized on day 5. this enhanced sensitivity of males to neonatal t was best duplicated in females exposed transplacentally to t over embryonic days (e) 27-39 (41-day gestation) and injected at birth with t (2.5 micrograms sc in oil: 10% ethanol). extended exposure of male ferrets to hi ...	1990	2317276
investigation of ecdysteroid excretion by adult dirofilaria immitis and brugia pahangi.	the excretion of ecdysteroids by the filarial nematode species, dirofilaria immitis and brugia pahangi, was examined both in vitro, by the analysis of culture medium, and in vivo, through analysis of serum samples from experimentally infected hosts. there was no evidence of ecdysteroid excretion by intact parasites of either species in vitro. free ecdysteroids were detected in the serum of ferrets and dogs infected with d. immitis, but concentrations would be at or below the limit of detection i ...	1990	2320053
injection of microfilariae induces resistance to brugia malayi infection in ferrets and accelerates development of lymphostatic disease.	ferrets injected intravenously with living microfilariae or cutaneously with microfilariae followed by intravenous injection developed partial resistance to a challenge infection as measured by recovery of adult filariae from lymphatics. following a challenge infection, the ferrets injected with microfilariae developed lymphatic pathology characteristic of a chronic infection or that observed following multiple infections. there was disruption of lymphatic drainage of the infected limb and lymph ...	1990	2320382
the nuclear-cytoplasmic [ca2+] gradient in single mammalian vascular smooth muscle cells.	we studied the nuclear-cytoplasmic [ca2+] gradient in single, freshly dispersed smooth muscle cells from the ferret portal vein, by means of fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy. cells were loaded with the cell-permeant calcium indicator fura-2 am. caffeine and platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf) were used in order to mobilize ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. basal levels of nuclear and cytoplasmic [ca2+] were 299 +/- 51 nm and 141 +/- 23 nm respectively (n = 10, p less than 0.001). at 3 ...	1990	2320603
vaccines authorized for use in ferrets.		1990	2321346
use of the ferret for a myocardial ischemia/salvage model.	exploratory work was undertaken in the anesthetized ferret to determine if it is an applicable species for use as an in vivo ischemic model and suitable for recovery surgical procedures. experimental protocols utilizing varying combinations of left anterior descending (lad) coronary artery occlusion (30, 60, 90 min) and reperfusion (4, 6, 18-24 hr) were evaluated. the results indicated that a 90-min/6-hr combination led to the production of an infarct equivalent, or slightly greater, in size to ...	1990	2329802
auditory brainstem of the ferret: maturation of the brainstem auditory evoked response.	a longitudinal study of developmental changes in the brainstem auditory evoked response (baer) was made on 19 ferrets between postnatal days 25 (p25) and 50. responses to free-field click stimuli were recorded from anaesthetized animals, and compared with data obtained from 8 adult ferrets. a reproducible baer was first recordable on p27, although the response onset was generally later in smaller animals. baer onset preceded eye opening, which started on p32. adult-like thresholds were observed ...	1990	2331796
mechanism of myocardial contractile depression by clinical concentrations of ethanol. a study in ferret papillary muscles.	moderate alcohol intoxication in man, a ubiqitious social event, causes acute but reversible myocardial depression, the mechanism of which is unknown. we investigated whether this depression could be due to a direct effect of ethanol on the process of electromechanical coupling by simultaneously measuring the transmembrane action potential and contraction, or the cytosolic calcium transient (via aequorin photoluminescence) and contraction in isolated ferret right ventricular papillary muscle. et ...	1990	2332501
nitrate biosynthesis in rats, ferrets and humans. precursor studies with l-arginine.	l-arginine, the primary nitrogen source for nitric oxide synthesized by many cell types in culture and for biosynthesized nitrate in humans, is also a nitrogen source for biosynthesized nitrate in rats and ferrets. after administration of [15n2]l-arginine to rats and ferrets, [15n]no3- was detected in urine. escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide induced more than a 10-fold increase in urinary nitrate in rats and a parallel increase in incorporation of 15n from [15n2]l-arginine into no3-. bradykini ...	1990	2335012
excitation-contraction coupling in postischemic myocardium. does failure of activator ca2+ transients underlie stunning?	to elucidate the mechanism of contractile dysfunction in postischemic ("stunned") myocardium, time-resolved measurements of intracellular free ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i) were made using gated 19f nuclear magnetic resonance in seven perfused ferret hearts loaded with the fluorinated ca2+ indicator 5f-bapta. left ventricular developed pressure decreased to 65 +/- 3% (mean +/- sem) of control after 15 minutes of global ischemia at 37 degrees c. in stunned myocardium, diastolic [ca2+]i (0.24 +/- 0 ...	1990	2335025
clinical interpretation: the hermeneutics of medicine.	i argue that clinical medicine can best be understood not as a purified science but as a hermeneutical enterprise: that is, as involved with the interpretation of texts. the literary critic reading a novel, the judge asked to apply a law, must arrive at a coherent reading of their respective texts. similarly, the physician interprets the 'text' of the ill person: clinical signs and symptoms are read to ferret out their meaning, the underlying disease. however, i suggest that the hermeneutics of ...	1990	2339336
optokinetic nystagmus in the ferret: including selected comparisons with the cat.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the functional significance of similarities observed in the anatomy and the physiology of cat and ferret visual systems. optokinetic nystagmus (okn) in response to movement of the entire visual field, and optokinetic after nystagmus (okan) were measured in 8 ferrets with binocular stimulation. a shift of the beating field in the same direction as the fast phase of eye movements was observed both in ferret and cat. the absence of a fast rise in slow phase vel ...	1990	2340879
a domestic ferret model of immunity to campylobacter jejuni-induced enteric disease.	oral or intravenous inoculation of previously unexposed juvenile and adult ferrets with campylobacter jejuni uniformly resulted in intestinal colonization lasting 2 to 12 days. disease varied from mild to moderate diarrhea, which resolved in 2 to 3 days. orally infected animals developed agglutinin titers of 8 to 256 within 3 weeks, while those infected intravenously developed titers of 256 to 2,048. ferrets which had recovered from campylobacteriosis all developed high titers of agglutinating a ...	1990	2341180
dendritic morphology and development in the ferret medial superior olivary nucleus.	dendritic morphology and development in the medial superior olivary nucleus of the ferret were studied using the golgi method. in the adult ferret most medial superior olivary neurons had disk-shaped dendritic fields. these dendritic fields were oriented such that cells in a coronal plane of section appeared bipolar with major lateral and medial dendritic axes. in the horizontal plane the dendrites radiated about the soma. dendrites of principal cells branched distally into tufts of numerous, te ...	1990	2341617
synaptic organization in the adult ferret medial superior olive.	the ultrastructure of the medial superior olive (mso) was studied in the adult ferret. the synaptic terminals were categorized on the basis of morphology and their distribution determined. there are three types of synaptic terminals: r terminals, containing round vesicles; ov terminals, containing ovoid vesicles; and p terminals, containing vesicles of varying morphologies. r terminals are the dominant terminal type on both the somata and dendrites. ov and p terminals are equally prevalent on th ...	1990	2341618
cardiotonic agents. 6. histamine analogues as potential cardiovascular selective h2 agonists.	twenty-six alkyl and aralkyl histamine analogues were prepared as potential cardiotonic agents. compounds were designed to allow interaction with a putative secondary aryl binding site at the h2 receptor, the presence of which was inferred from the structure of cyprohepatadine, which is known to have h2-antagonist properties. the compounds were examined for inotropic activity in ferret papillary muscle. potent inotropic activity was generally found in n-alkyl- and n,n-dialkylimidazole-4-ethanami ...	1990	2342063
evaluation of an inactivated rabies virus vaccine in domestic ferrets.	efficacy of an sc-administered commercial inactivated vaccine for prevention of rabies was evaluated in domestic ferrets. ferret immunity was challenged by the im inoculation of street rabies virus. all ferrets developed titers of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies within 30 days of vaccination (geometric mean titer [gmt] = 154, n = 41) that were maintained for at least one year (gmt = 106, n = 36), compared with no seroconversion in controls (gmt less than 5, n = 39). following rabies virus c ...	1990	2347753
the effects of 2,3-butanedione monoxime on initial heat, tension, and aequorin light output of ferret papillary muscles.	at low concentrations (up to 5 mm) the compound 2,3-butanedione monoxime (bdm) was found to reduce twitch tension and initial heat production in isolated papillary muscles without significantly affecting the size of the intracellular ca2+ transient measured with aequorin luminescence. higher concentrations of bdm caused further inhibition of twitch tension and heat production with a fall in the size of the ca2+ transient. the size of the aequorin transient was 50% of the control value at 15 mm b ...	1990	2352836
effects of zacopride and bmy25801 (batanopride) on radiation-induced emesis and locomotor behavior in the ferret.	the antiemetic and locomotor effects of two substituted benzamides, zacopride and batanopride (bmy25801), were compared in ferrets after bilateral 60co irradiation at 2, 4 or 6 gy. both zacopride and bmy25801 were effective against emesis and related signs. zacopride, tested at several doses (0.003, 0.03 and 0.3 mg/kg), appeared to be more potent because it abolished emesis at 100-fold lower doses than did bmy25801 (3 mg/kg). the ed50 value for the antiemetic effect of zacopride was 0.026 mg/kg ...	1990	2359014
effects of corticosteroids on postnatal lung and airway growth in the ferret.	to investigate the influence of corticosteroids on postnatal lung and airway growth, young male ferrets were given cortisone acetate (20 mg/kg im daily) beginning at 8 wk of age. at 19 wk of age pulmonary function was measured. the lungs were excised for measurements of recoil pressures and wet and dry weights. the dimensions of central and peripheral airways were estimated from analysis of bronchial casts. corticosteroid-treated animals were shorter and tended to be lighter than control animals ...	1990	2361904
5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht3) receptor antagonists. 1. indazole and indolizine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives.	metoclopramide (1) is a gastric motility stimulant and a weak dopamine and 5-ht3 receptor antagonist. conformational restriction of the (diethylamino)ethyl side chain of 1 in the form of the azabicyclic tropane gave 3, a very potent gastric motility stimulant and 5-ht3 receptor antagonist but devoid of significant dopamine receptor antagonist properties. subsequent alteration of the aromatic nucleus led to the identification of indazoles 6a-h, and 1- and 3-indolizines 7b-d and 8, and imidazo[1,5 ...	1990	2362270
helicobacter mustelae-associated gastritis in ferrets. an animal model of helicobacter pylori gastritis in humans.	gastric helicobacter mustelae was present in 100% of 11 adult female ferrets (mustela putorius furo). the high immunoglobulin g antibody levels to h. mustelae in all ferrets showed a significant immune response to the organism. urease mapping of the ferret stomach indicated that the bacteria heavily colonized the proximal duodenum and antrum and, to a lesser extent, the corpus. the histological gastritis observed coincided with presence of h. mustelae. superficial gastritis was noted in the oxyn ...	1990	2365188
endocrine correlates of mating-induced reductions in estrous behaviour in an induced ovulator, the ferret.	experiments were conducted to assess the time course of behavioral and endocrine changes which occur in female ferrets as they switch from estrus to the pseudopregnant state. significant reductions in females' acceptance of neck gripping by a stimulus male (receptivity) and in their latency to approach a stimulus male in an l-maze (proceptivity) were first observed 3 days after receipt of an intromission; no such changes occurred in other females which were only neck gripped by stimulus males du ...	1990	2365301
[elastase-induced hyperfunction of submucous glands develops independent of elastase-induced emphysema].	we instilled 2 mg of pancreatic elastase into the lungs, and insufflated a further 2 mg into the trachea of 6 male ferrets. six control animals were given 0.9% nacl (lungs) and glucose powder (trachea). this combined treatment was administered on days 1, 8 and 15. on these days, and again on days 29 and 39, we obtained chest x-rays. on the 39th day, we removed the lungs and measured the mean linear intercept. in tracheal sections, we measured goblet cell density, glandular structure and function ...	1990	2367425
aleutian disease in the ferret.		1990	2368310
kinins are generated in nasal secretions during influenza a infections in ferrets.	infection of ferrets with influenza a virus results in a disease syndrome that is similar to that observed in humans. to examine the pathophysiology of this disease, ferrets were challenged with either h1n1 influenza virus or placebo. sign scores and rectal temperatures were recorded periodically during the 9 days after infection. nasal lavages were also collected during this time period and the content of kinins, histamine, cells, and total protein in these lavages was assessed. in infected ani ...	1990	2368965
lack of detectable blood groups in domestic ferrets: implications for transfusion.	evidence of blood groups in domestic ferrets was sought by testing serum samples for naturally acquired or experimentally induced erythrocyte antibodies. all sera were tested for ability to cause direct agglutination, antiglobulin-enhanced (coombs test) agglutination, or lysis. examination of 212 randomly paired combinations of ferret serum and erythrocytes produced no evidence of naturally acquired blood group antibodies. six pairs of ferrets were reciprocally transfused twice, 34 days apart, w ...	1990	2370225
drug effects on function in the ferret ischemic hindlimb.	in this article a new model of peripheral occlusive arterial disease is described. the lower hindlimb of an anesthetized ferret was fixed to a holder, the distal end of the achilles tendon attached to an isometric force transducer, and a passive preload of 100 g was applied to the muscle preparation. the hindlimb was stimulated to contract isometrically via supramaximal electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve. during the initial period, when femoral blood pressure equaled aortic blood pressu ...	1990	2370804
helicobacter pylori-like microorganisms and chronic active gastritis in ferrets.	to determine the prevalence and histology of helicobacter pylori (hp) associated gastritis in young ferrets, we examined 36 normal 2- to 4-month old ferrets. identification of hp-like microorganisms included warthin starry stains of tissue sections, rapid urease test on fresh tissue, and culture. hp-like microorganisms were found in the stomachs of 35/36 ferrets. the highest density of microorganisms was seen in the antrum, where hp-like microorganisms were present in the pits and in deep glands ...	1990	2371981
relative roles of ca2(+)-dependent and ca2(+)-independent mechanisms in hypoxic contractile dysfunction.	contractile function is known to be impaired during hypoxia or metabolic inhibition, but the relative importance of activator ca2+ deficiency compared with the accumulation of depressant metabolites remains controversial. to distinguish between these possibilities, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy to measure the most likely mediators--intracellular [ca2+] [( ca2+]i), inorganic phosphate concentration [( pi]), and ph--before and during hypoxia in perfused ferret hearts. ca2+ ...	1990	2372899
antitumor activity and toxicity in animals of n-7[2-(4-nitrophenyldithio) ethyl] mitomycin c (bmy-25067).	bmy-25067, n-7[2-(4-nitrophenyldithio)-ethyl] mitomycin c was selected from a number of disulfide derivatives of the highly active compound rr150, n-7(thioethyl) mitomycin c for further study. bmy-25067 had tumor inhibitory effects equivalent to mitomycin c (mmc) against ascitic p388 and l1210 leukemias and m109 lung carcinoma in mice with i.p. treatment. however, it demonstrated superior activity against b16 melanoma with a high percentage of cures when both tumors and drug were given i.p. addi ...	1990	2380013
emetic activity of zacopride in ferrets and its antagonism by pharmacological agents.	zacopride administered orally was more emetic in fed than in fasted ferrets. the emetic activity of zacopride (0.1 mg/kg p.o.) was inhibited (100%) by 0.1 mg/kg i.p. of zacopride and 1 mg/kg i.p. of ics 205-930. haloperidol (3.16 mg/kg i.p.) and prochlorperazine (3.16 mg/kg i.p.) were weakly effective. n-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide, a 5-ht1p antagonist, was inactive. thus, the emetic activity of zacopride, like that of cisplatin, is blocked by 5-ht3 receptor antagonists.	1990	2384137
photomanipulation of sexual maturation and breeding cycle of the steppe polecat (mustela eversmanni) and other techniques for more rapid propagation of the species.	twenty steppe polecats were divided into 2 groups, each consisting of 4 males and 6 females, and subjected to either a natural photoperiod (controls) or alternating periods of short (8 h light/16 hr dark for 8-9 weeks) and long days (16 h light/8 h dark for 16-20 weeks). the experimental photoperiod significantly accelerated sexual maturation in both sexes, with males developing maximal testis size within 57 days and females breeding after an average of 52 days exposure to 16l/8d. males in the e ...	1990	2388043
functional organization in the ferret visual cortex: a double-label 2-deoxyglucose study.	the functional organization of visual cortical area 17/18 of the ferret was studied using a double-label 2-deoxyglucose (2-dg) method. animals were stimulated sequentially with moving gratings of 2 different orientations. elongated orientational patches running roughly at a right angle into the area 17/18 border were seen. the orientation maps were similar in areas 17 and 18. when animals were stimulated with 2 orthogonally oriented gratings, activation patterns were not fully complementary but ...	1990	2388088
mechanical restitution in isolated mammalian myocardium: species differences and underlying mechanisms.	ventricular myocardium was obtained from guinea-pig, ferret and human hearts. in each case small strips were mounted isometrically in a tissue bath and superfused with a physiological saline at 37 degrees c. the preparations were stimulated at 1 hz and ectopic stimuli of different preceding intervals were given. the relationship between the force produced by the ectopic contraction and the duration of the preceding interval was plotted to form mechanical restitution curves (mrc). in the guinea-p ...	1990	2388277
the effects of bathing sodium ions upon the intracellular sodium activity in calcium-free media and the calcium paradox of isolated ferret ventricular muscle.	exposure of fine trabeculae isolated from the ferret right ventricle to media depleted of ca2+, with a rapid perfusion system, causes a depolarization of the membrane and a rise in aina. this rise in aina is sigmoidally dependent upon the bathing free [ca2+], is antagonized by reduction of the [na]o, raised [mg]o and pn200-110 but augmented by removal of mg2+ or inhibition of the na-pump. on repletion of ca2+, the strength of the resulting contracture depends upon the transmembrane. na-gradient ...	1990	2388280
eradication of helicobacter mustelae from the ferret stomach: an animal model of helicobacter (campylobacter) pylori chemotherapy.	colonization of the ferret stomach by helicobacter mustelae has been suggested as a possible animal model for helicobacter pylori-associated gastroduodenal disease of humans. our study was designed to determine whether antimicrobial chemotherapy could eradicate h. mustelae from ferrets. triple antimicrobial therapy combining amoxicillin, metronidazole, and bismuth subsalicylate was successful in eradicating the organism from 5 of 7 (71%) adult ferrets. despite apparent in vitro susceptibility, n ...	1990	2393285
negative inotropy of halogenated anesthetics in ferret ventricular myocardium.	the effects of the volatile anesthetics halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on amplitude and time variables of contraction and relaxation in isometric, isotonic, and zero-load clamped twitches of isolated right ventricular ferret papillary muscles (n = 24) were compared with those of changing extracellular ca2+ concentration [( ca2+]o). contraction and relaxation variables were compared at equal contraction amplitudes to determine whether the studied anesthetics exert specific effects on contra ...	1990	2396690
preliminary studies on the in vivo morphogenetic properties of dentine matrix proteins.	two fractions of isolated noncollagenous extracellular matrix proteins from dentine have been implanted into the base of exposed cavities in ferret canine teeth. after sealing the cavities, reparative dentinogenesis was assessed histologically after 14 and 28 days as compared to control cavities. reparative dentinogenesis was enhanced in the presence of these matrix proteins with evidence of tubular dentine along the walls of the exposure and on the cavity floor demonstrating the in vivo morphog ...	1990	2397254
topographical distribution of 5-ht3 receptor recognition sites in the ferret brain stem.	the distribution of [3h]zacopride (1.0 nm) to putative 5-ht3 receptor recognition sites in the ferret hindbrain was assessed using autoradiography. specific binding (defined by the inclusion of granisetron, 1.0 microm) was heterogeneously distributed with highest density within the dorsal vagal complex (area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve). lower densities were detected in the spinal trigeminal nerve complex whilst no other significant specific b ...	1990	2402300
immunohistochemical and morphologic features of chordomas in ferrets (mustela putorius furo).		1990	2402855
microbiological aspects of helicobacter pylori (campylobacter pylori).	the human gastric pathogen campylobacter pylori has recently been reclassified as helicobacter pylori, and a related spiral bacterium found in the stomach of ferrets has been designated helicobacter mustelae. the general microbiological features of helicobacter pylori are delineated here, with details of phenotypic differences between helicobacter pylori and helicobacter mustelae; comparisons are made with wolinella succinogenes and campylobacter jejuni. the helicobacter organisms possess an ext ...	1990	2406141
prostaglandins alter methacholine-induced secretion in ferret in vitro trachea.	the ferret trachea was mounted in an organ bath containing krebs-henseleit solution with additional bovine serum albumin (bsa). tracheal secretions were collected and analyzed for albumin, and lysozyme, a specific marker of serous cell secretion. the total secretion volume and output and concentrations of albumin and lysozyme were calculated. secretion was stimulated with methacholine (20 microm) (mch), and the effects of the prostaglandins pgd2, pge1, and pgf2 alpha on methacholine-induced secr ...	1990	2407140
common epitopes between mycobacterial and certain host tissue antigens.	monoclonal antibodies (moab) produced against a sonicated antigen extract of mycobacterium bovis were examined for their ability to bind to 10 common tissue antigens. the binding patterns of moab mb2, mb3, mb7, mb11 and mb13 indicated that each recognized different epitopes. moab mb5 and mb17 failed to bind to any of the tissue antigens. mb3 reacted strongly with normal tissue from m. bovis infected guinea pigs and ferrets but there was no reaction with mb5 and mb17. these specificities were con ...	1985	2412744
relationship between force and intracellular [ca2+] in tetanized mammalian heart muscle.	to determine features of the steady state [ca2+]-tension relationship in intact heart, we measured steady force and intracellular [ca2+] ([ca2+]i) in tetanized ferret papillary muscles. [ca2+]i was estimated from the luminescence emitted by muscles that had been microinjected with aequorin, a ca2+-sensitive, bioluminescent protein. we found that by raising extracellular [ca2+] and/or by exposing muscles to the ca2+ channel agonist bay k 8644, tension development could be varied from rest to an a ...	1986	2419483
postnatal development of tracheal surface epithelium and submucosal glands in the ferret.	we explored the usefulness of the postnatal ferret as a model for early developmental events in the large airways, using light and scanning electron microscopy. in the first 28 postnatal days, ferret tracheal surface epithelium and glands undergo dramatic growth and development. tracheal surface area increases 8-fold. at birth, ciliated cells are sparse (9.4 +/- 1.2% of total epithelial cells). a significant increase in ciliated cells is observed at weekly intervals and by day 28 the ciliated ce ...	1986	2420581
morphology and histochemistry of the ferret prostate.	the gross anatomy, histology and histochemistry of the ferret prostate is described. the structure and course of the prostatic urethra and the ductus deferentes are also described. the prostate is the only accessory reproductive gland present in the ferret. the prostate consists of tubuloalveolar glands surrounded by fibromuscular connective tissue. histochemical studies showed that the glandular parenchyma contained large amounts of sialidase-labile sialomucin as well as acid phosphatase and sm ...	1986	2422864
camp immunocytochemistry provides evidence for functional vip receptors in trachea.	vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), first isolated from porcine intestine (s. i. said and v. mutt, science wash. dc 169: 1217-1218, 1970), has been identified in postganglionic autonomic axons of many tissues. vip has potent regulatory effects on the function of various cell types within these tissues, ranging from relaxation of smooth muscle to ion transport. recently, vip has been implicated in the regulation of mucus secretion in the respiratory tract, a process involving release of macromol ...	1986	2425626
neuropeptides degranulate serous cells of ferret tracheal glands.	to determine whether serous or mucous cells in tracheal submucosal glands respond to the neuropeptides substance p (sp) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), we studied the peptide-induced changes in gland cell morphology accompanying release of 35so4-labeled macromolecules from tracheal explants of ferrets. explants were labeled for 1 h in medium containing 35so4 and washed for 3.5 additional hours. base-line secretion in the absence of drugs declined between 1.5 and 3.5 h after the pulse. b ...	1986	2426958
biphasic contractions induced by milrinone at low temperature in ferret ventricular muscle: role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and transmembrane calcium influx.	the effects of milrinone were studied in ferret papillary muscle stimulated at various rates and temperatures from 23 degrees to 36 degrees c. in voltage-clamp experiments, 50 micrograms/ml (0.237 mm) milrinone induced a 2.1-fold increase in calcium current at 28 degrees or 36 degrees c. at 50 micrograms/ml, milrinone transiently increased contractility in all muscles at 28 degrees c, but its steady-state effect was either increased (+50%) or decreased (-24.7%) steady-state twitch amplitude. a n ...	1986	2427247
sodium/calcium exchange and intracellular calcium buffering in ferret myocardium: an ion-sensitive micro-electrode study.	measurements of the intracellular activity of ca (aica), na (aina) and h (phi) ions have been made with resin-filled ion-sensitive micro-electrodes in ferret ventricular trabeculae. the mean values in quiescent muscle at 30 degrees c were: aina, 11.1 +/- 1.0 mm; aica, 58.4 +/- 6.4 nm, and phi, 7.20 +/- 0.11. the relation between aina and extracellular na activity (aona) is not linear and is sensitive to temperature: the q10 for the change in aina in normal tyrode solution is 1.3 +/- 0.5 and rise ...	1986	2427694
influence of the thyroid state on the calcium transient in ventricular muscle.	the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of thyroid hormone on tension development and the intracellular calcium transient in mammalian ventricular muscle. a hyperthyroid (h) state was induced in ferrets by subcutaneous injection of l-thyroxine, 0.3 mg/kg daily, for 2-3 weeks. one-half of the age matched control group (c) were injected with vehicle. aequorin was loaded into the cells of ferret papillary muscles by a chemical procedure. the muscles were stimulated at 0.33 hz and i ...	1986	2428004
maximal ca2+-activated force elicited by tetanization of ferret papillary muscle and whole heart: mechanism and characteristics of steady contractile activation in intact myocardium.	rapid (8-12 hz) stimulation of intact heart muscle treated with ryanodine results in steady contractile activation known as tetanus, the amplitude of which can be graded by changing extracellular ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]o). the mechanism of the sustained force generation was explored in ferret papillary muscles by measuring membrane potential and by determining the responsiveness of force and intracellular free ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i, estimated with aequorin) to dihydropyridine ca channel ...	1986	2429779
mechanism of early contractile failure during hypoxia in intact ferret heart: evidence for modulation of maximal ca2+-activated force by inorganic phosphate.	we tested the hypothesis that accumulation of h+ or inorganic phosphate (pi) is responsible for the early contractile failure of hypoxia by measuring maximal ca2+-activated pressure and 31p nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in langendorff-perfused ferret hearts at 30 degrees c. maximal ca2+-activated pressure was identified by the saturation of pressure with respect to [ca2+]o observed during tetani as [ca2+]o was increased to 15 mm in hepes-buffered, 100% o2-bubbled perfusate and during hypoxi ...	1986	2429780
intracellular calcium transients underlying the short-term force-interval relationship in ferret ventricular myocardium.	the influence of short-term changes in stimulation pattern, both on the strength of contraction and on the amplitude of intracellular free-ca2+ transients, was investigated in ferret papillary muscles. intracellular free-ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]) was assessed from the luminescence emitted from muscles microinjected with the ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin. the relationships between the strength of contraction and changes in stimulation pattern lasting 1-2 beats could be described by monoe ...	1986	2432238
restricted viral antibody specificity in many ferrets infected with the ferret aleutian disease parvovirus. brief report.	the majority of ferrets infected with a ferret strain of aleutian disease virus (adv) produce antibody only to a detergent-sensitive common determinant on the two closely related virion proteins. ferrets with high antibody titers and mink infected with this virus also produce antibody to one or more virion immunogenic determinants unaffected by detergent.	1987	2434063
enkephalinase inhibitors potentiate substance p-induced secretion of 35so4-macromolecules from ferret trachea.	to study the roles of substance p (sp) and endogenous peptidases in regulating mucus secretion from ferret trachea, we measured the sp-induced release of 35so4-labeled macromolecules after incubating segments of trachea in ussing chambers in the presence and absence of selected inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes. our strategy was based on the idea that if endogenous peptidases degrade sp, then inhibitors of these enzymes should potentiate sp-induced secretion. we found that tracheas of ferrets co ...	1987	2434322
sodium/calcium exchange and calcium buffering in mammalian ventricular muscle.	the na/ca exchange system was investigated in rapidly perfused small trabeculae (diameter around 250 micron) from ferret ventricle. in these preparations tension and em were recorded, aina, aik and aimg were measured using ion-selective microelectrodes. the mean aina at room temperature (22-24 degrees c) was 10.9 mmol/l +/- s.d. 4.2 mmol/l. when [na]o was reduced from 155 mmol/l to 1.5 mmol/l there was a rapid decrease in aina (half time 30 s), which was associated with a small increase in resti ...	1986	2434687
a method for recording isometric tension development by isolated cardiac myocytes: transducer attachment with fibrin glue.	the purpose of this study was to develop a method for attachment of single isolated cardiac myocytes to a transducer for recording isometric tension development. cardiac myocytes were isolated from the hearts of the toad, bufo marinus or ferrets by enzymatic digestion with collagenase. the method that we used provided a 60-80% yield of ca++-tolerant cells. a suspension of cells was placed into a superfusion chamber coated with bovine thrombin. two glass microtools - each attached to a micromanip ...	1987	2437526
characterization of substance p- and [met]enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons in the caudate nucleus of cat and ferret by a single section golgi procedure.	modifications of the single-section golgi-impregnation procedure of gabbott and somogyi are described. the modifications allow easier and more rapid preparation of the sections for golgi-impregnation and easier handling of large numbers of serial sections. the technique consists of placing a section that has been treated with osmium tetroxide and potassium dichromate on a microscope slide and "sandwiching" it with a second microscope slide. the two slides are held together at one end by tape and ...	1987	2438593
intracellular sodium-calcium dissociation in early contractile failure in hypoxic ferret papillary muscles.	1. intracellular sodium activity (anai) and intracellular calcium activity (acai) were measured in isolated quiescent right-ventricular ferret muscle: anai = 9.8 +/- 2.2 mm and acai = 71 +/- 19 nm. 2. when the muscles were exposed to 10(-5) m-ouabain, anai increased to 20.4 +/- 3.1 mm while acai increased to 260 +/- 99 nm. twitch tension approximately doubled. 3. during prolonged hypoxia with glucose in the perfusate, anai and twitch tension were unchanged. 4. during prolonged hypoxia with sucro ...	1987	2443694
enkephalinase inhibitor potentiates substance p- and electrically induced contraction in ferret trachea.	to determine the role of endogenous enkephalinase (ec 3.4.24.11) in regulating peptide-induced contraction of airway smooth muscle, we studied the effect of the enkephalinase inhibitor, leucine-thiorphan (leu-thiorphan), on responses of isolated ferret tracheal smooth muscle segments to substance p (sp) and to electrical field stimulation (efs). leu-thiorphan shifted the dose-response curve to sp to lower concentrations. atropine or the sp antagonist [d-pro2,d-trp7,9]sp significantly inhibited s ...	1987	2447055
enkephalinase inhibitor potentiates mammalian tachykinin-induced contraction in ferret trachea.	to determine the roles of endogenous enkephalinase (ec.3.4.24.11) in regulating tachykinin-induced contraction of airway smooth muscle, the authors studied the effects of the enkephalinase inhibitor leucine-thiorphan on the contractile responses to substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka) and neurokinin b (nkb) in isolated ferret tracheal smooth muscle segments. leucine-thiorphan shifted, in concentration-dependent fashions, the dose-response curves to all tachykinins to lower concentrations. leucin ...	1987	2447268
calcium oscillations in digitalis-induced ventricular fibrillation: pathogenetic role and metabolic consequences in isolated ferret hearts.	the pathophysiology of the ventricular fibrillation that complicates digitalis intoxication was investigated. in this and other calcium-overload states, oscillations of the intracellular free calcium concentration ([ca2+]i) have been implicated as the cause of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. we addressed two questions: 1) are [ca2+]i oscillations obligatory in the pathogenesis of ventricular fibrillation during digitalis toxicity? 2) what are the metabolic consequences of [ca2+]i oscillations? fer ...	1988	2449298