Publications

experimental induction of beta-amyloid plaques and cerebral angiopathy in primates.	moderate numbers of amyloid plaques with associated argyrophilic dystrophic neurites and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (caa) but no neurofibrillary tangles (nfts) were found in the brains of 3 middle-aged common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) 6-7 years earlier with brain tissue from a patient with early onset alzheimer's disease. the plaques and vascular amyloid stained positively with antibodies to beta (a4)-protein. the brains of 3 age-matched control marmosets ...	1993	8239287
behavioral effects of cholinergic grafts.	experimental work in animals and, to a more limited extent, in humans, has demonstrated that the cholinergic system is involved in mechanisms which control learning and memory. since there is cholinergic loss in a variety of dementing illnesses, any treatment designed to alleviate the mental symptoms of these diseases must address the issue of cholinergic dysfunction even if other treatments are also required to overcome other neurotransmitter imbalances. work in rodents has demonstrated that ch ...	1993	8239295
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and the human immune system. 1. blood cell receptors in volunteers with moderately increased body burdens.	using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and flow cytometry, we studied a variety of surface receptors on lymphocyte subpopulations of workers with moderately increased body burdens of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and of other polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (pcdd/pcdf), expressed here as international-toxicity equivalencies (i-te). the hypothesis to be tested was whether or not humans exhibit a similar susceptibility to pcdds/pcdfs with respect to the surface recepto ...	1993	8255162
behavioral effects of the intraventricular administration of 5-ht and dopamine in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the effects of ivt serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht)] and dopamine (da) administration have been studied in rats and marmosets (callithrix jacchus). in rats, 5-ht (114 and 170 micrograms/10 microliters) produced the same behavioral effects observed after ip administration of its precursors and agonists. the same doses of 5-ht used for rats produced only part of the behavioral effects in marmosets after ip administration of 5-ht precursors and agonists. ataxia, vomiting, and decreased motor a ...	1993	8255914
illustrated guide to surgical technique for vasectomy of the common marmoset.	the surgical technique for vasectomy of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is described and illustrated.	1993	8277713
measurement of faecal steroids for monitoring ovarian function in new world primates, callitrichidae.	measurement of immunoreactive progesterone, pregnanediol and oestradiol in faeces collected throughout ovarian cycles in three species of callitrichid primates is reported. faecal hormone concentrations were compared with plasma progesterone profiles during pgf2 alpha-controlled (n = 7) and natural (n = 8) cycles in callithrix jacchus and saguinus fuscicollis, respectively, and with urinary oestrone conjugates during five cycles in saguinus oedipus. unconjugated steroids, which predominated over ...	1993	8283445
distribution of seven major neurotransmitter receptors in the striate cortex of the new world monkey callithrix jacchus.	the distribution of seven different binding sites for the transmitters l-glutamate (l-glutamate binding sites and n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor), gaba (gabaa receptor), noradrenaline (alpha 1 receptor), acetylcholine (muscarinic m1 and m2 receptors) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptor) are analysed in the primary visual cortex (area 17) of the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, using quantitative autoradiography. all binding sites show a well-defined laminar pattern, which changes sha ...	1993	8284040
arthritis of the spondyloarthropathy variety in callithrix jacchus.	sixty skeletons of callithrix jacchus were examined to identify spondyloarthropathy. erosive disease in callithrix was confirmed as spondyloarthropathy on the basis of diagnostic sacroiliac erosions, syndesmophyte formation, and the nature and distribution of the peripheral joint erosions.	1993	8289220
microvascular architecture of the filiform papillae in primates and insectivores.	the microvascular architecture of filiform papillae was investigated under a scanning electron microscope in man, japanese monkeys, common squirrel monkeys, common marmosets, common tree shrews, large japanese moles and dwarf shrews utilizing microvascular corrosion casts. filiform papillae were circularly arranged in primates, and each of them was supplied by a hairpin capillary loop. these papillae sometimes were aggregated. the filiform papillae of japanese monkeys exhibited markedly location ...	1993	8316801
alteration of circadian period length does not influence the ovarian cycle length in common marmosets, callithrix j. jacchus (primates).	to investigate the coupling between the circadian system and the regulation of the ovarian cycle in nonhuman primates, the effect of zeitgeber-induced alterations of the circadian period (23 vs 26 h) on the ovarian cycle length was studied in the long-cycling polyestrous common marmoset, callithrix j. jacchus. for that purpose, six female marmosets were isolated for approximately 4 months each under artificial lighting regimens of 23 h [light-dark (ld) 11.5:11.5] and of 26 h (ld 13:13; 300:0.03 ...	1993	8319317
a selective maob inhibitor ro19-6327 potentiates the effects of levodopa on parkinsonism induced by mptp in the common marmoset.	the effects of the selective and reversible maob inhibitor ro19-6327 on parkinsonism in common marmosets, induced by mptp were studied. combined administration of ro19-6327 with benserazide/levodopa potentiated the effects of levodopa to reverse akinesia. in a microdialysis study, the administration of ro19-6327 was found to minimize the increase in metabolites of dopamine (da) following injection of levodopa. these results suggest that ro19-6327 suppresses the metabolism of da, resulting in inc ...	1993	8321428
alterations in striatal and extrastriatal d-1 and d-2 dopamine receptors in the mptp-treated common marmoset: an autoradiographic study.	in adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), mptp (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) treatment induced almost total depletion of cells in the substantia nigra pars compacts (snc) but partial cell loss in the ventral tegmental area (vta). there was severe depletion of [3h]-mazindol binding to dopamine (da) uptake sites in the caudate, putamen, and snc. the loss of [3h]-mazindol binding in the nucleus accumbens (nac) and olfactory tubercle (ot) was less marked. [3h]-mazindol binding ...	1993	8332947
visual optics and retinal cone topography in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small, diurnal, new world monkey amenable to vision research. in this paper we describe the visual optics and cone photoreceptor topography of the normal adult marmoset. paraxial optical ray-tracing shows that the marmoset eye is well represented as a scaled-down version of the human eye. the density of foveal and perifoveal cone photoreceptors in the marmoset is as high, and in peripheral retina higher, than those reported in humans and macaques. th ...	1993	8333154
ocular development and visual deprivation myopia in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the normal postnatal ocular development of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and the effects of visual deprivation on eye growth and refractive state are described. the marmoset normally undergoes a developmental process of emmetropization from high hyperopia at birth. this emmetropization is easily disrupted by visual deprivation produced by lid-suture. myopia and axial elongation of the vitreous chamber are induced by visual deprivations of 12, 5, and 3 weeks duration. the development o ...	1993	8333155
pre- and postnatal development of the primary visual cortex of the common marmoset. i. a changing space for synaptogenesis.	the primary visual cortex of callithrix jacchus occupies a large portion of the occipital neocortex and can be safely delineated from fetal stages onwards. in 20 animals ranging in age from fetal to adult age the morphological development of area 17 was evaluated and compared with the growth of whole brain, skull, and head size. cortical thickness, surface area, and volume of the area were determined in addition to predominant growth directions. the volume of area 17 approximately doubles betwee ...	1993	8340495
pre- and postnatal development of the primary visual cortex of the common marmoset. ii. formation, remodelling, and elimination of synapses as overlapping processes.	during ontogenesis changes in the numerical density of synapses are usually assumed to depend essentially on variations in the formation of synapses. only the final adjustment to adult synapse densities is thought to include the elimination of synapses in some brain regions of certain species. here, we focus attention on quantitative aspects of synapse elimination throughout development of area 17 of marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). mature synapses, various precursor forms, and indicators ...	1993	8340496
effects of testosterone propionate upon the sexual and aggressive behavior of adult male marmosets (callithrix jacchus) castrated as neonates.	in new world monkeys of the family callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins), females frequently give birth to dizygotic twins. twins share a placental circulation throughout fetal development and are hemopoietic chimeras. despite this, there is no masculinization (freemartinism) in females which develop next to a male co-twin. it has been suggested that the organizing effects of testicular androgen upon sexual differentiation of the brain occur mainly during early postnatal development in male ca ...	1993	8349280
sexual and aggressive behaviour of adult male marmosets (callithrix jacchus) castrated neonatally, prepubertally, or in adulthood.	during early postnatal development, males of some primate species exhibit higher levels of plasma testosterone than females. the possible significance of this for behavioural development was examined in male marmosets castrated neonatally (nc), prepubertally (pc), or in adulthood (ac) and reared in their natal groups. age-matched intact (ai) adult males served as controls. all males were removed from their natal groups as adults for pair testing with unfamiliar conspecific males and females. nc ...	1993	8372125
identification of a competitive binding component in vitamin d-resistant new world primate cells with a low affinity but high capacity for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3.	monkeys in a number of different new world primate genera express a form of compensated target organ resistance to steroid hormones, including 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 [1,25-(oh)2d3]. characterization of these phenotypes has previously relied upon the study of the 1,25-(oh)2d3-receptor (vdr) interaction in cultured dermal fibroblasts from affected primates. in this report, we show that three of these prototypic phenotypes can be faithfully reproduced in previously established cultured cell lines ...	1993	8381251
histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of hepatitis a virus infection in marmoset callithrix jacchus.	samples of serum, feces and liver tissue and organs of six cotton-eared marmosets callithrix jacchus infected intravenously with two different strains of hepatitis a virus (hav), were studied by conventional histologic techniques, by serological techniques and by immunocytochemical methods, such as immunofluorescence (if) and peroxidase-antibody techniques. hepatitis a antigen (haag) was detectable in daily collected stools, in liver biopsy obtained sequentially, and in organs collected at necro ...	1993	8385516
analysis of the tumorigenic potential of common marmoset lymphoblastoid cells expressing a constitutively activated c-myc gene.	the respective roles of epstein-barr virus (ebv) and c-myc in the pathogenesis of endemic burkitt's lymphoma (bl) are unclear. in order to help resolve the question whether constitutive expression of the c-myc gene in an ebv-immortalised b cell is sufficient to induce a tumorigenic phenotype, b cells from a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) were immortalised with ebv, transfected with a constitutively activated c-myc gene and inoculated into the host animals. despite the cell line transfected ...	1993	8388232
roles of cyclic amp and inositol phosphates in the luteolytic action of cloprostenol, a prostaglandin f2 alpha analogue, in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus).	the luteolytic response to a prostaglandin f2 alpha analogue, cloprostenol, was investigated in vivo and in vitro at defined stages of the luteal phase. in vivo administration of cloprostenol to female marmoset monkeys on day 3 after ovulation had no effect on plasma progesterone concentrations, whereas administration on day 14 after ovulation reduced plasma progesterone to preovulatory concentrations within 4 h. to identify the cellular basis for this luteolytic action, marmoset luteal tissue o ...	1993	8388957
application of human minisatellite probes to the development of informative dna fingerprints and the isolation of locus-specific markers in animals.	in this study, the alpha-globin 3' hvr (jarman et al., 1986), the rna transcripts of 33.15 and 33.6 (carter et al., 1989), and the human locus-specific minisatellites ms1, ms8, ms31, ms32 (wong et al., 1987), ms51, ms228a (armour et al., 1989) and g3 (wong et al., 1986) were applied to domestic pigs, common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus jacchus) and waldrapp ibises (geronticus eremita) and evaluated for their suitability firstly for isolating polymorphic vntr markers from genomic librarie ...	1993	8400710
age-related effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment of common marmosets.	the effect of treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) on juvenile (6-8 months), young adult (2-4 years) and aged (8-10 years) common marmosets were compared. juvenile marmosets were more resistant to the actions of mptp and required a greater cumulative dose over a longer period to induce the same degree of motor disability observed in older animals. young adult and aged marmosets showed an equivalent motor recovery in the 4-5 weeks following cessation of mptp treatmen ...	1993	8422900
distribution and metabolism of aflatoxin b1 in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	whole-body autoradiography of [3h]aflatoxin b1 (3h-afb1) in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) showed a localization of bound labelling, in addition to the liver, in the nasal olfactory and respiratory mucosa and the mucosa of the nasopharyngeal duct, the pharynx, the larynx, the trachea and the oesophagus. in vitro microautoradiography of these tissues incubated with 3h-afb1 showed a localization of bound radioactivity in some cells in the epithelial linings of the tissues. this binding was ...	1993	8425254
purification from liver microsomes from untreated cynomolgus monkeys of cytochrome p450 closely related to human cytochrome p450 2b6.	a cytochrome p450 (p450) (referred to as p450cmla) was purified and characterized from hepatic microsomes from untreated cynomolgus monkeys (macaca irus). the final preparation was electrophoretically homogeneous and its estimated minimum molecular mass was 49.5 kda. the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein (first 34 residues) closely resembled that of the protein encoded by the 2b6 cdna from humans (94%). this protein was cross-reactive with antibodies raised against p450 2b1 (p450 ...	1993	8429823
a t.e.m. stereological analysis of blood vessels and nerves in marmoset periodontal ligament following endodontics and magnetic incisor extrusion.	maxillary incisor fracture is a common dental injury. it is frequently treated by endodontic therapy, orthodontic extrusion, and a retention period. the aim of the study was to mimic this regime and stereologically quantify the vascular and neural reconstitution of the periodontal ligament (pdl). ten marmosets (callithrix jacchus) had the right maxillary incisor crown removed, root canal treatment, and magnetic incisor root extrusion of 1.2 mm. after incisor retention for 9 weeks, the animals we ...	1993	8436195
effects of sex steroids on maternal motivation in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): development and application of an operant system with maternal reinforcement.	we developed an operant paradigm for measuring effects of reproductive steroids on maternal motivation in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). conditioned response regulated females' exposure to maternal reinforcement. nulliparous females (n = 15) with experience with infants in social groups were subjects. the paradigm was validated by examining (a) effects of reinforcing stimuli on affective behavior in a nonoperant paradigm, (b) responsiveness of operant performance to changes in reinforcin ...	1993	8444024
structure and evolution of the polymorphic photopigment gene of the marmoset.	the marmoset callithrix jacchus jacchus, is typical of a new world monkey in exhibiting a polymorphism of photopigments in the middlewave to longwave (535-565 nm) region of the spectrum. the single x-linked opsin gene that encodes the protein component of these pigments is present in three allelic forms producing, in marmosets, pigments with maximum sensitivities at about 543, 556 and 563 nm. all male monkeys are dichromats, whereas females may be either dichromats or trichromats. a cdna sequenc ...	1993	8447088
differences in levels of erythrocyte glutathione and its metabolizing enzyme activities among primates.	1. the levels of erythrocyte glutathione and the activities of its metabolizing enzymes--glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), glutathione s-transferase (gst) and glutathione reductase (gr)--were measured in four species of primates: human, rhesus monkey, common marmoset and common tree shrew. 2. there were marked differences in gsh-px and gst activities among the primates, while gr activity and glutathione level were much less variable.	1993	8448989
thalidomide derivatives and the immune system. i. changes in the pattern of integrin receptors and other surface markers on t lymphocyte subpopulations of marmoset blood.	treatment of marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with thalidomide (thd) or its derivative em12 (which is also teratogenic, but more stable to hydrolysis) resulted in the lack of reaction of adhesion surface receptors (integrins) on t lymphocytes in venous blood. lymphocyte subsets appeared, for example cd4+cd2-, which are not found under normal conditions. (a) there was no clear effect of the treatments on the total number of leukocytes or lymphocytes or on the total number of cd4+ or cd8+ t lymphocy ...	1993	8452474
sensory cues and the suppression of reproduction in subordinate female marmoset monkeys, callithrix jacchus.	subordinate female marmoset monkeys remain anovulatory and have low plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (lh) when maintained with their dominant females. olfactory cues from the dominant female have been implicated in maintaining this reproductive suppression. subordinate females that received either ablation of the vomeronasal organ (an accessory olfactory organ; n = 3), ablation of the main olfactory epithelium (n = 4), or both lesions (n = 5) did not ovulate in the following 7 weeks ...	1993	8464022
local regulation of primate granulosa cell aromatase activity.	granulosa cells produce inhibin and activin, proteins implicated in the local regulation of preovulatory follicular development. to assess interactions among fsh, lh, inhibin and activin on primate granulosa cell aromatase activity, we studied primary granulosa cell cultures from the ovaries of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a monkey with an ovarian cycle similar in length to the human cycle. the distinctive action of activin was augmentation of gonadotropin-responsive aromatase activ ...	1993	8476757
experimental transmission of bse and scrapie to the common marmoset.	two young male common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were injected intracerebrally and intraperitoneally with a crude brain homogenate prepared from a cow with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse). two other marmosets were similarly injected with brain homogenate from a sheep with natural scrapie. the two animals injected with scrapie material developed neurological signs 38 and 42 months after injection and the two animals injected with bse material developed neurological signs after 46 and 4 ...	1993	8488658
requirement of inner cell mass for efficient chorionic gonadotrophin secretion by blastocysts of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the role of the inner cell mass in the induction of chorionic gonadotrophin synthesis and secretion by the trophoblast of the peri-implantation primate blastocyst was studied in common marmoset monkeys. an in vitro system for the culture of blastocysts commencing with blastocysts collected 8 days after conception was developed. chorionic gonadotrophin measured in the spent culture fluid was first detected in most blastocysts after 3 or 4 days (day 11 or 12) of culture at a time equivalent to imp ...	1993	8501702
in vitro fertilization and embryo development in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	oocytes aspirated from preovulatory (i.e. > or = 2 mm) follicles of marmoset monkeys were graded for maturity according to the degree of cumulus expansion, grade i being most mature and grade iv least mature. after preincubation for 2-5, 9-11 or 21-29 h, 82% of oocytes could be fertilized using epididymal spermatozoa and only 2.3% were polyspermic. fertilization rate was lowest (60%) in grade iv oocytes and all oocytes preincubated for 2-5 h (53%). fertilization rate increased to 92% in oocytes ...	1993	8501719
mhc-drb genes of platyrrhine primates.	the two infraorders of anthropoid primates, platyrrhini (new world monkeys) and catarrhini (old world monkeys and the hominoids) are estimated to have diverged from a common ancestor 37 million years ago. the major histocompatibility complex class ii drb gene and haplotype polymorphism of the catarrhini has been characterized in several recent studies. the present study was undertaken to obtain information on the drb polymorphism of the platyrrhini. fifty-five complete exon 2 drb sequences were ...	1993	8505064
intragastric infection induced in marmosets (callithrix jacchus) by a brazilian hepatitis a virus (haf-203).	several species of non-human primates have been used in studies on experimental infection with hepatitis a virus (hav). attempts to infect a south-american marmoset (callithrix jacchus) with a brazilian hav isolate (haf-203) are described here. four seronegative animals were inoculated intragastrically and one was sacrificed on day 11, 20, 47 and 62 after infection. one uninfected animal was included as control. liver, small intestine, lymph node, spleen and kidney samples were collected for his ...	1995	8520524
demonstration of nitric oxide synthase (nos) in marmosets by nadph diaphorase (nadph-d) histochemistry and nos immunoreactivity.	since species interdiversity often prevents the extrapolation of laboratory rodent data to man and similar problems may exist for nitric oxide synthase (nos), nadph-d activity and immunohistochemistry of nos were investigated in the new world monkey callithrix jacchus (marmoset), which has been shown to be close to the human situation in many respects. using the nadphd reaction with beta-nadph and nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) on acetone-chloroform pretreated cryosections, nbt formazan was found i ...	1995	8525791
comparative study of oestrogen excretion in female new world monkeys: an overview of non-invasive ovarian monitoring and a new application in evolutionary biology.	oestrogen was measured in urine samples collected from captive females representing 7 species of new world monkey to provide an overview of the applicability of such formation in the noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function and to assess the potential applicability of such information in phylogenetic studies. species available for study were the pygmy marmoset, common marmoset, red-bellied tamarin, cotton-top tamarin, golden lion tamarin, goeldi's monkey and the owl monkey. oestrone conjugates ...	1995	8529968
down-regulation of adhesion receptors on cells of primate embryos as a probable mechanism of the teratogenic action of thalidomide.	in spite of ongoing speculation, there has been no evidence that adhesion receptors are expressed on the cells of mammalian embryos. in this report, we provide the first proof that a variety of such receptor (beta 1-, beta 2-, and beta 3-integrins and selectin) are indeed expressed on cells of essentially all primordia of marmoset embryos at early organogenesis (developmental stages 11 to 13, or even earlier). treatment with low doses (20 or as little as 1 mg/kg body weight) of a highly teratoge ...	1996	8538367
cross-reactivity of antihuman monoclonal antibodies with cell surface receptors in the common marmoset.	in this report we demonstrate that a large number of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against human epitopes cross-react with surface receptors on white blood cells of callithrix jacchus, indicating species similarities. however, a variety of other mabs do not exhibit any cross-reactivity, thus also providing evidence for distinct differences in the structure of these receptors among nonhuman primates. such differences have to be known and taken into consideration when attempting extrapolations betw ...	1996	8538368
thalidomide derivatives and the immune system. 6. effects of two derivatives with no obvious teratogenic potency on the pattern of integrins and other surface receptors on blood cells of marmosets.	the two thalidomide (thd) derivatives beta-em12 and phthalimidophthalimide (phtpht), which exhibit no obvious teratogenicity, were tested for their ability to induce changes in the pattern of lymphocyte subpopulations, and especially changes in integrin receptors, in marmosets (callithrix jacchus). previously, thd and its highly teratogenic derivative alpha-em12 had been found to alter the expression of adhesion molecules, such as cd2 (lfa-2) or cd11a/cd18 (lfa-1). none of these typical effects ...	1996	8538370
patterns of relaxin and steroids in the reproductive cycle of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): effects of prostaglandin f2 alpha on relaxin and progesterone secretion during pregnancy.	we measured the concentrations of relaxin (rlx), progesterone, and estradiol-17 beta in serum samples obtained twice or three times weekly from marmosets during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. the cyclic patterns and concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta were similar to those reported by previous investigators. rlx was not detected in individual serum samples ( < 0.62-1.25 ng/ml) obtained from nonpregnant marmosets. however, pooling of luteal serum from all animals permitted assa ...	1995	8547478
behavior and progesterone levels in callithrix jacchus females.	in callitrichids, and especially in the callithrix and saguinus genera, reproductive suppression maintains the breeding exclusivity of dominant females. it has been suggested that dominance may be inferred from agonistic behavior of females. the purpose of this study was to assess the adequacy of behaviors as indicators of hormonal status in callithrix jacchus females. two pairs of twin females were observed for affiliative, agonistic and sexual behaviors for 20 weeks, in four stages of increasi ...	1995	8555980
calcium-binding proteins in the spiral ganglion of the monkey, callithrix jacchus.	calcium-binding proteins can act as intermediaries between changing levels of free intracellular calcium ions and the physiological response of neurons. some of these proteins, among them calbindin (cb), calretinin (cr) and parvalbumin (pv), can act as calcium buffers. a survey of previous studies in rodents and human fetuses leads to the impression that many spiral ganglion cells co-express cb, cr, and pv. the findings of the present study suggest that, in the adult marmoset, the expression of ...	1995	8567426
the thyroid gland of callithrix jacchus in organ culture.	thyroid glands from 7 marmosets (callithrix jacchus) of different age groups (newborn, 2 weeks, 2, 7, 8 and 11 months, and 8 years) were grown as organ culture according to trowell at the medium/air interphase for 3 to 30 days. the morphology of thyroid tissue was well preserved until the end of the culture period. necroses were only occasionally seen in connective tissue. in contrast to the in vivo situation, the number of lysosome-like inclusions changed considerably and cell-cell contacts bec ...	1995	8574010
morphology and connections of neurons in area 17 projecting to the extrastriate areas mt and 19dm and to the superior colliculus in the monkey callithrix jacchus.	neurons of area 17, the primary visual cortex, project to various anatomically and physiologically different extrastriate areas and subcortical regions. in the present investigation, we addressed the question of whether the efferent neurons in area 17 can contribute to functional diversity between these regions. we approached this question by analyzing the dendritic morphology of neurons in area 17 projecting to area mt, area 19dm, and the superior colliculus in the new world simian primate call ...	1995	8576436
effects of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions on neuropeptide immunoreactivity in the basal ganglia of the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis.	previous immunocytochemical studies in rats have indicated that striatal dopamine depletion leads to an increase in enkephalin-immunoreactivity and a decrease in substance p-immunoreactivity in the striatum. similar studies in primates have lead to contradictory results. in the present study changes in tyrosine hydroxylase-, met-enkephalin- and substance p-immunoreactivity were determined in the basal ganglia of 6 common marmosets callithrix jacchus following dopamine depletion by unilateral int ...	1995	8588831
hand, mouth and eye preferences in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	motor and sensory preferences were measured for 8 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). three types of motor function were examined: spontaneous feeding, mouth use when chewing and visuospatial reaching. eye preference was used as an index of sensory lateralization. the marmosets displayed individual preferences for the performance of the motor tasks, but no group biases were revealed. correlations between preferences displayed on the motor tests suggest that one hemisphere may control spontane ...	1995	8613126
visual responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus of dichromatic and trichromatic marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	new-world primates such as the marmoset (callithrix jacchus) show polymorphism for the middle- to long-wavelength sensitive cone pigments. each x-chromosome carries a gene for only one of three possible pigments. all males are thus dichromats, but some females will be trichromats. we have investigated the responses of cells of the parvocellular (pc) and magnocellular (mc) systems within animals from a single marmoset family. the middle- to long-wavelength pigment of dichromats was identified phy ...	1995	8613728
c-cells of marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the localization and fine structure of c-cells of the thyroid glands from 31 marmosets (callithrix jacchus) of different age groups (newborn to 11 years old) were investigated by electron microscopy and immunomorphology (apaap, calcitonin). calcitonin-positive cells were found concentrated in the middle third of the gland. their localization in the follicular wall or in the interstitial space could not clearly be demonstrated by light microscopy. in adult animals, they were always located within ...	1996	8638770
homologies between human and marmoset (callithrix jacchus) chromosomes revealed by comparative chromosome painting.	regions of dna homology between human and marmoset (callithrix jacchus) chromosomes have been demonstrated using fluorescence in situ hybridization. all 24 chromosome paints and two centromere repeat sequences from homo sapiens (hsa) have been annealed to previously g-banded metaphase spreads of callithrix jacchus. all human paint probes, except y, successfully hybridized to marmoset chromosomes. fifteen of them hybridized to one region only, seven to two regions, and paint 1 to three regions. h ...	1996	8660970
fetal globin expression in new world monkeys.	reverse phase chromatography of the globin chains of adult, newborn, and fetal erythrocytes from three species of new world monkeys (cebus apella, aotus azarae, and callithrix jacchus) representing three of the seven platyrrhine clades showed that gamma-globin expression was fetal in these animals. the globins were identified by a combination of chemical sequencing and mass spectrometric analysis. since gamma-globin expression is fetal in the other major simian branch, the catarrhines, but embry ...	1996	8663037
the effect of stress on semen reduction in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	this study compared a number of semen parameters of two separate groups of the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) in order to determine the effect of a continuous potentially stressful situation on these parameters, and thus on the monkey's reproductive ability. the semen from 16 adult male marmoset monkeys was collected and analysed to compare semen parameters between a 'normal' (control) group (n = 9) and a 'blood withdrawn' ('stress') group (n = 7). the semen parameter values observe ...	1996	8671268
antibody facilitation of multiple sclerosis-like lesions in a nonhuman primate.	in the human disease multiple sclerosis (ms), the immune mechanisms responsible for selective destruction of central nervous system myelin are unknown. in the common marmoset callithrix jacchus, a unique demyelinating form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis resembling ms can be induced by immunization with whole myelin. here we show that the ms-like lesion can be reproduced by immunization against the extracellular domain of a single myelin protein, myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (m ...	1995	8675668
persistent epstein-barr virus infection in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection of the common marmoset causes long-term infection, with production of antibodies to virus-induced antigens, without clinical illness. attempts to show the presence of ebv dna in saliva of infected animals by pcr were initially unsuccessful, although slot-blot hybridization analysis demonstrated that viral dna was present. further investigations showed that most samples of pilocarpine-induced saliva, and 33% of the samples of whole mouth fluids (wmf) tested, wer ...	1996	8683204
an appraisal of the antiparkinsonian activity of piribedil in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated common marmosets.	the d2 dopamine agonist piribedil is not widely used in the treatment of parkinson's disease because it was thought to be effective mainly on parkinsonian tremor and to produce a high incidence of peripheral side effects, particular nausea. in this study, we used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated primates to reevaluate the antiparkinsonian ability of piribedil after its oral administration in the presence or absence of domperidone pretreatment. adult common marmosets (c ...	1996	8684381
short and long-term changes in cerebral [14c]-2-deoxyglucose uptake in the mptp-treated marmoset: relationship to locomotor activity.	the "short-term" (0.7 +/- 0.1 months post-mptp) and "long-term" effects (36.7 +/- 4.4 months) of mptp treatment on motor behaviour and [14c]-2dg uptake were investigated in the common marmoset. the subcutaneous administration of mptp greatly reduced locomotor activity (-94% with respect to controls) and induced motor disability in the "short-term" mptp-treated marmoset group. in the "long-term" mptp group, mptp treatment did not significantly affect locomotor activity (-27% with respect to contr ...	1995	8695058
survey of cryptosporidium and giardia spp. in a captive population of common marmosets.		1996	8699808
influence of semen collection method on ejaculate characteristics in the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus.	a source of normal spermatozoa (sperm) is required for many andrological and reproductive studies. ideally the method used for semen collection should be repeatable and reliable but should not influence sperm characteristics or sperm function. two methods of semen collection from marmosets, vaginal washing after copulation and electroejaculation, were compared in terms of the success rate in obtaining samples and the characteristics of the sperm suspensions. vaginal washing was shown to be a rel ...	2006	8723441
effects of early parenting on growth and development in a small primate.	we report here a study of the impact of caregiver-infant relationships on physical growth and behavioral development in a small primate, the common marmoset. somatic growth was assessed from measurements of body weight, knee-heel length, head-tail length, head circumference, and pudendal pad width in females or testis volume in males obtained from unanesthetized monkeys. behavioral information was gathered by focal animal samples for discrete rearing behaviors. our data suggest that the frequenc ...	1996	8725261
functional architecture of area 17 in normal and monocularly deprived marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the organization of the primary visual cortex (vi) of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) was studied both physiologically and by means of transneuronal labelling of geniculocortical afferents. we addressed the question whether monocular deprivation (md) could stabilize segregation into ocular dominance (od) columns, which are not seen in normal adult marmosets but are present in juvenile animals (spatz, 1979, 1989). properties of neurons in normal marmosets closely resembled those of other ...	1996	8730996
maturation of sperm motility in the epididymis of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and the cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis).	the acquisition by spermatozoa of the capacity for movement upon liberation from the epididymal duct into buffer is one of the obvious changes associated with sperm maturation and, hence, studies of sperm kinematics might provide good indices for sperm maturation. profiles of development in the movement pattern of spermatozoa taken from six regions of the epididymis were established in marmoset and cynomolgus monkeys using computer-assisted sperm analysis. motion of spermatozoa from initial regi ...	1996	8737043
topography of ganglion cells and photoreceptors in the retina of a new world monkey: the marmoset callithrix jacchus.	we studied the anatomical substrates of spatial vision in a new world monkey, the marmoset callithrix jacchus. this species has good visual acuity and a foveal specialization which is qualitatively similar to that of humans and other old world primates. we measured the spatial density of retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors, and calculated the relative numbers of these cell populations. we find that ganglion cells outnumber photoreceptors by between 2.4:1 and 4.2:1 in the fovea. the peak sa ...	1996	8737285
patterns of prenatal survival in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	fifty common marmoset pregnancies were monitored using ultrasound. the objective was to ascertain if fetal mortality was related to litter size. prior to analysis we determined abortion rate and litter size were not influenced by repeated ultrasound. mortality was unrelated to litter size and occurred fairly late in gestation. all singletons born in this study began gestation as twins. it is hypothesized that marmosets may be able to adjust litter size late in pregnancy in response to proximate ...	1996	8740954
genetic and environmental impacts on litter size and early infant survival in three species of callitrichids.	callitrichids are unusual among anthropoid primates in that they can deliver one to four offspring per litter in captivity. factors underlying intraspecific variation in litter size are unclear. data from the oak ridge associated universities (orau) marmoset research center provided an opportunity to investigate determinants of variation in (1) average litter size at birth and (2) average litter size surviving to 2 weeks of age in saguinus fuscicollis, s. oedipus, and callithrix jacchus. the obj ...	2003	8742821
acute mptp treatment produces no changes in mitochondrial complex activities and indices of oxidative damage in the common marmoset ex vivo one week after exposure to the toxin.	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) has been shown to cause a parkinsonian syndrome in man and non-human primates. hypotheses concerning the pathogenetic mechanisms of mptp toxicity on nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons relate to impairment of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. however, surprisingly few primate studies addressed these issues ex vivo. thus, the present study assessed the enzyme activities of the respiratory chain, gsh/gssg and ubiquinol/ubiquinone conte ...	1996	8746763
representation of a species-specific vocalization in the primary auditory cortex of the common marmoset: temporal and spectral characteristics.	1. the temporal and spectral characteristics of neural representations of a behaviorally important species-specific vocalization were studied in neuronal populations of the primary auditory cortex (a1) of barbiturate-anesthetized adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), using both natural and synthetic vocalizations. the natural vocalizations used in electrophysiological experiments were recorded from the animals under study or from their conspecifics. these calls were frequently produced in ...	1995	8747224
chronic l-dopa administration induces dyskinesias in the 1-methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	dyskinesias occur in the majority of patients with parkinson's disease chronically treated with l-dopa and also occur in several nonhuman primate species after 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) and l-dopa treatment. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) shows parkinsonian motor deficits after mptp administration, and we now report dyskinesias occurring in this species during chronic l-dopa exposure. marmosets rendered chronically parkinsonian after mptp administration were tr ...	1995	8749992
distribution of hippocampal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor mrna in a glucocorticoid resistant nonhuman primate.	glucocorticoids regulate the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through both mineralocorticoid (mr) and glucocorticoid (gr) receptors in the hippocampus. in addition, glucocorticoids down-regulate hippocampal expression of mr and gr mrna and protein, presumably decreasing their own effect. marmosets are a new world primate characterized by extraordinarily high levels of circulating acth and cortisol. the relative glucocorticoid insensitivity of these animals to their massive lev ...	1996	8750435
expression of integrins in marmoset (callithrix jacchus) ovary during folliculogenesis.	integrins were localized immunohistochemically in marmoset ovaries (callithrix jacchus) of defined cycle stages. with monoclonal antibodies against beta 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 6 integrin subunits, immunoreactivity was predominantly found in ovaries of the follicular phase. in the luteal phase, non-luteal cells, e.g. fibroblasts or endothelial cells expressed beta 1, alpha 2, or alpha 6 integrins. immunostaining for the beta 1 subunit was strongest in granulosa cells of all growing follic ...	1996	8760853
studies on the immunoglobulin-e system of the common marmoset in comparison with human data.	in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus jacchus) immunoglobulin e (ige) serum levels and ige synthesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) in vitro were investigated in order to look for homologies to the human system. while ige was not found in marmoset blood plasma with three commercial antihuman ige-kits with monoclonal antibodies (mabs), two other kits using polyclonal antibodies against human ige revealed detectable ige concentrations of up to 10 ku/liter in plasma samples of 19 ...	1996	8761025
spontaneous lesions detected in the common cotton-eared marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	spontaneous lesions in the common cotton-eared marmosets (callithrix jacchus), which were maintained in our laboratory or were purchased from a commercial breeder, were examined histopathologically. there were 39 males and 22 females, between the ages of 7 and 100 months. the most interesting finding noted was extramedullary hematopoiesis, which was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidney, adrenal gland, and cerebral choroid plexus. megakaryocytes were frequently observed i ...	1996	8777223
specular microscopy of the corneal endothelial cells in common marmosets.	the corneal endothelia of 12 female common marmosets (age: 12-18 months) were examined with a contact-type specular microscope under general anesthesia. the specular microscopy showed uniform-sized, hexagonal endothelia arranged regularly on the innermost layer of the cornea. the endothelial plane was smooth; however, it occasionally had irregular undulation or parallel folds. the cell density (cells/mm2) in common marmosets was similar to that in cynomolgus monkeys.	1996	8777241
amphetamine induces fos-like immunoreactivity in the striatum of primates.	injections of d-amphetamine (5 mg/kg) three hours before sacrifice were found to elicit robust fos-like immunoreactivity in the striatum of cynomolgus monkeys and of the common marmoset. labeled cells were most frequently observed in the medial portion of the caudate nucleus and were distributed in a patchy fashion. comparison with adjacent sections stained for the calcium binding protein calbindin indicated that the patches of amphetamine induced labeling corresponded to the calbindin-poor stri ...	1996	8782873
monitoring and controlling reproduction in captive common marmosets on the basis of urinary oestrogen metabolites.	non-invasive methods for routine monitoring of reproductive states and reproduction control in large colonies of captive callithrix jacchus have been developed. immunoactive urinary oestrone-3-conjugates (e1c) were measured during non-conception cycles (n = 5) and pregnancy (n = 7). using plasma progesterone levels to time ovulation, ovulation was quantitatively estimated by a) calculating the first e1c rise and b) by establishing an e1c threshold. ovulation was thus defined as taking place 4 da ...	1996	8783179
induction of cytochromes p450 by dioxins in liver and lung of marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus).		1996	8794239
gongylonematiasis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	two cases of gongylonematiasis in common marmosets of two research facilities in germany are reported. the helminthiasis was transmitted from colony a to colony b by one infected female and within colony b by cockroaches (blatella germanica). four of 40 cockroaches examined in colony b were infected with rhabditiform larvae. clinical signs of disease in the infected animals consisted of intense itching and scratching of the edematous and slightly hyperemic perioral tissues. histologically the ad ...	1996	8799930
hemorrhagic typhlocolitis associated with attaching and effacing escherichia coli in common marmosets.	we describe the necropsy results from three common marmosets presented during an outbreak of hemorrhagic diarrhea in a colony of 230 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). necropsy revealed consistent hemorrhagic typhlocolitis and variable ileitis associated with gram-negative bacilli closely adherent to enterocytes. electron microscopy revealed bacilli attached intimately to shallow cup-like projections of enterocyte apical membranes with loss of microvilli (attaching and effacing). escherichia ...	1996	8799932
enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds. iii. the marmoset and tamarin, but not the rhesus, monkeys are deficient in methyltransferases that methylate inorganic arsenic.	the methylation of inorganic arsenic to monomethylarsonic acid (mma) and dimethylarsinic acid (dma) have been generally considered to be the major pathway for inorganic arsenic biotransformation and detoxification. yet, when arsenate/arsenite is injected into the callithrix jacchus (marmoset) monkey or chimpanzee, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid are not found in the urine. with the development of a rapid assay for the methyltransferases of arsenic metabolism, we have investigated ...	1996	8806872
intraventricular infusion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) in the mptp-treated common marmoset.	basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) prevents damage to the nigrostriatal system in rodents. we now report the effects of bfgf administered by intraventricular infusion to adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) previously rendered parkinsonian by the administration of 1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp). infusion commenced 10 weeks after mptp treatment and the animals received bfgf in low (1.8 micrograms/l), medium (18 micrograms/l), or high (180 micrograms/l) doses over a 2 ...	1996	8807747
enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds	the methylation of inorganic arsenic to monomethylarsonic acid (mma) and dimethylarsinic acid (dma) have been generally considered to be the major pathway for inorganic arsenic biotransformation and detoxification. yet, when arsenate/arsenite is injected into the callithrix jacchus (marmoset) monkey or chimpanzee, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid are not found in the urine. with the development of a rapid assay for the methyltransferases of arsenic metabolism, we have investigated ...	1996	8813004
pluripotent cell lines derived from common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) blastocysts.	we report the derivation of eight pluripotent cell lines from common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) blastocysts. these cell lines are positive for a series of markers (alkaline phosphatase, ssea-3, ssea-4, tra-1-60, and tra-1-81) that characterize undifferentiated human embryonal carcinoma cells and rhesus embryonic stem cells. all eight cell lines had a modal chromosome number of 46; seven cell lines were xx and one was xy. two cell lines (cj11 and cj62) were cultured continuously for over a yea ...	1996	8828827
dopamine d3 receptors in the basal ganglia of the common marmoset and following mptp and l-dopa treatment.	the distribution of the dopamine d3 receptor was studied by receptor autoradiography using [3h]7-oh-dpat in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). saturation studies demonstrated that [3h]7-oh-dpat bound with similar affinity to different regions of marmoset brain. in normal marmosets, specific [3h]7-oh-dpat binding was found in both striatal and extrastriatal regions. very high levels of specific [3h]7-oh-dpat binding were detected in the islands o ...	1996	8833762
metabolism of reproductive steroids during the ovarian cycle in two species of callitrichids, saguinus oedipus and callithrix jacchus, and estimation of the ovulatory period from fecal steroids.	gonadal steroids were measured in daily fecal samples providing comparative data on steroid metabolism in two genera of new world primates. circulating bioactive lh and progesterone concentrations and fecal progesterone, pregnanediol, estradiol, and estrone concentrations were measured by collecting blood and daily fecal samples from four captive common marmoset females and four cotton-top tamarin females for 30 days. high recoveries (> 80%) of labeled steroids that were added directly to the fe ...	1996	8838005
collection of semen from marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) for experimental use by vaginal washing.	assisted reproductive techniques make an important contribution to the conservation of endangered primate species. in our laboratories marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) are used as a model species for developing assisted reproductive technologies for new world primates. the studies require a reliable method for collecting functional sperm from these small animals. for this purpose a minimally invasive procedure, vaginal washing after natural mating, was evaluated for its suitability as a rou ...	1996	8843051
visuotopic organisation of striate cortex in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	the visuotopic organisation of the primary visual cortex (v1) was studied by extracellular recordings in adult male marmosets (callithrix jacchus) that were anaesthetised with sufentanil/nitrous oxide and paralysed with pancuronium bromide. extensive sampling of the occipital region in four individuals and partial coverage of v1 in five others allowed not only the establishment of the normal visuotopy but also the study of interindividual variability. as in other primates, there was a single, co ...	1996	8863130
biochemical and morphological characterization of vascular and lymphocytic interleukin-4 receptors.	the distribution of the interleukin (il)-4 receptor in normal human and common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) tissues was examined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies specific for the human il-4 receptor to gain further insight into il-4-mediated inflammatory and immunological events. il-4 receptor positivity was unequivocally demonstrated on lymphocytes, predominantly t cells, and on blood vessels in many tissues. vascular il-4 receptor immunofluorescence consist ...	1996	8863684
comparison of photoreceptor spatial density and ganglion cell morphology in the retina of human, macaque monkey, cat, and the marmoset callithrix jacchus.	we studied the relationship between the morphology of ganglion cells and the spatial density of photoreceptors in the retina of two old world primates, human and macaque monkey; the diurnal new world marmoset callithrix jacchus; and the cat. ganglion cells in macaque and marmoset were labelled by intracellular injection with neurobiotin or by dii diffusion labelling in fixed tissue. cone photoreceptor densities were measured from the same retinas. supplemental data for macaque and data for human ...	1996	8866846
morphology of retinal ganglion cells in a new world monkey, the marmoset callithrix jacchus.	we studied the morphology of retinal ganglion cells in a diurnal new world primate, the marmoset callithrix jacchus. this species is of interest as a model for primate vision because it has good behavioural visual acuity, and the retina and subcortical visual pathways are very similar to those of old world monkeys and humans. ganglion cells were labelled by placing small crystals of the carbocyanin dye dii into the optic fibre layer, or by intracellular injection of neurobiotin. two main classes ...	1996	8866847
the biobehavioral consequences of psychogenic stress in a small, social primate (callithrix jacchus jacchus).	the biobehavioral consequences of psychogenic stress were examined using neuroendocrine and ethological methods in a captive colony of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus jacchus). specifically, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis reactivity was evaluated as a function of gender and social status in four consecutive social environments [(1) stable heterosexual pairs; (2) isolation; (3) unstable peer groups; and (4) stable peer groups], by measuring both basal plasma cortisol, adrenocortic ...	1996	8874833
natural and induced ovarian synchrony in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia).	ovarian cycle synchrony was assessed in spontaneously cycling female golden lion tamarins by monitoring longitudinal (16 mo) urinary steroid metabolite (estrone conjugates; pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide, pdg) excretion in four pairs (n = 8) of females isolated from males. the overall mean ovarian cycle duration was 18.5 +/- 0.3 days (n = 136 cycles; mean range, 15.7-21.0 days), and there was no evidence of reproductive seasonality. laparoscopic ovarian examinations confirmed that cyclic fluct ...	1996	8879503
stereoselective distribution of the teratogenic thalidomide analogue em12 in the early embryo of marmoset monkey, wistar rat and nmri mouse.	thalidomide administration during early gestation results in specific and dramatic limb defects in primates, but not in laboratory rodents such as the rat and mouse. the thalidomide analogue em12 [2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)-phthalimidine] was used in the present study because this compound is metabolically more stable and teratogenically more potent than thalidomide in the monkey. we have administered the pure enantiomers, since we have previously shown that s-em12 proved to be much more terat ...	1996	8896721
parallel organization of somatosensory cortical areas i and ii for tactile processing.	1. the two principal tactile processing areas in the cerebral cortex, somatosensory areas i and ii, receive direct projections from the thalamus and, as well, are linked through intracortical reciprocal connections. tactile information may therefore be conveyed to sii, for example, over either a direct path from the thalamus or an indirect, or serial, path from the thalamus via si. 2. reports in recent years that tactile responsiveness within the hand area of sii was abolished by surgical ablati ...	1996	8911737
immunisation of common marmosets with vaccinia virus expressing epstein-barr virus (ebv) gp340 and challenge with ebv.	epstein-barr virus (ebv) is the cause of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with a variety of life-threatening diseases in humans. therefore the development of an effective vaccine is an important objective. many of the initial studies of vaccine efficacy analyse the ability of vaccine preparations to prevent the induction of lymphomas in cottontop tamarins by the b95-8 strain of ebv. we used a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing gp340, vma1, tested previously in the cotton-top tamarin ...	1996	8923292
the digestive strategy of the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus.	digestive tract morphology and function were studied in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small (350 g) exudivore with a well-developed caecum. transit times (times of first appearance of the markers in the faeces following a pulse dose in the food) were similar for co-edta, which marks the fluid phase of the digesta, and cr-mordanted cell walls, which marked the large (600-1200 microns) particulate phase of the digesta. however, mean retention time (the average time taken for the mark ...	1996	8925425
the effects of cage size and complexity on the behaviour of captive common marmosets, callithrix jacchus jacchus.	conditions of captivity of primates used in biomedical research may have deleterious effects on the welfare of the animals and consequently on the reliability of the research. we investigated the effects of cage size and cage complexity, two fundamental characteristics of captive conditions, on the behaviour of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus jacchus). we found an increase in the general level of activity and significant variation in the frequencies of specific behaviours with an increas ...	1996	8938618
expression of protamine p2 in the testis of the common marmoset and man visualized using non-radioactive in-situ hybridization.	information on the organization of the spermatogenic cycle of the common marmoset (callíthrix jacchus), a small new world primate, is limited to a single histological report on the differentiation of spermatids. in the present study we have used non-radioactive in-situ hybridization with a crna probe directed against marmoset protamine 2, on fixed sections of marmoset and human testis to elucidate the organization of mature germ cells within the seminiferous epithelium. specificity of the probe ...	1996	8940659
inducibility of cytochromes p-450 by dioxin in liver and extrahepatic tissues of the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	cytochrome p-450 induction was investigated in the marmoset monkey, a non-human primate, using dioxins as inducing agents. animals received a single subcutaneous dose of 1.6 nmol tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin/kg body weight. microsomal fractions were prepared from liver, lung and kidney, and homogenates were prepared from gut and adrenal glands. anti-peptide antibodies which bind to cyp1a1, cyp1a2, cyp2b6 and cyp3a4 in human were used to identify related forms in the ...	1996	8948497